How It All Started!

LUND UNIVERSiTY

MEDICAL RADIATION PHYSICS

Sven-Erik Strand Symposium

Thursday the 29th of August, 2013

Aulan, Skånes Universitets Sjukhus, Lund

Nuclear Medicine at Medical Radiation Physics in Lund:

Bertil RR Persson,

How It All Started!

30 min

1971

It all started already 1906 when

John Persson emigrated from Blekinge to USA where he was

emloyed as driver By Thomas J. Watson who was founder of IBM International Business Machines Corporation.

John Persson invested in IBM stocks which he retained until his retierment when he returned to Sweden .

When his wife died 1963 he donated several million Swedish

krowns to Medical Cancer Research at the Lund University

2013

50 years Celebration

The very first grant of 160 000 SEK was given 1963 to

professor Kurt Lidén PhD ( Medical Radiation Physics)

and Professor Martin Lindgren MD (RT / Oncology)

For purchases of a the first Gamma Camera in Scandinavia.

1963 was also the beginning of the Technetium-99m Era

a nd the explosive research and development activity in Radiopharmaceuticals and Nuclear Medicine that took place

at Lund University

The discovery of element 43 was finally confirmed in a D

ecember 1936

experiment at the University of Palermo in Sicily conducted by

Carlo Perrier

Emilio Segrè

Columbia University in New York and then the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California. He persuaded cyclotron inventor Ernest Lawrence to let him take back some discarded cyclotron parts that had become

radioactive. Lawrence mailed him a molybdenum foil that had been part of the deflector in the cyclotron.

Segrè enlisted his colleague Perrier to attempt to prove, through

comparative chemistry, that the molybdenum activity was indeed from an element with Z = 43.

They succeeded in isolating the isotopes 95m and 97.

University of Palermo officials wanted them to name their discovery

"panormium", after the Latin name for Palermo, Panormus.

In 1947 element 43 was named after the Greek word τεχνητός, meaning

"artificial", since it was the first element to be artificially produced Segrè returned to Berkeley and met Glenn T. Seaborg.

They isolated the metastable isotope technetium-99m, 1938 which is now used in some ten million medical diagnostic procedures annually.^[

• Technetium was a black hole in the periodic system before it was discovered in 1936 by Carlo Perrier and Emilio Segrè

Technetium-99m was discovered in 1938

•

Tc - radiopharmaceuticals started to be developed

• in the 1960

by Jim Richards

Brookhaven National Lab New York

99m

Tc-generator

•was developed 1950th

At the same time during 1963 -1969 I was engaged in studying

Nuclear weapons fallout in arctic food chains For my thesis about radioactivity in

Lichen-reindeer-Man

The food chain lichen-reindeer and man

Lichen - reindeer - man

210Pb 240 Bq/kg d.w. 0,030 Bq/kg w.w. 0.070 Bq / kg w.w.

210Po 200 7 0.5

55

Fe,

Sr,

Cs,

Cs and

Pb in the Biosphere

Radiological Health Aspects of the Environmental Contamination from Radioactive Materials in Northern Sweden

Computer

Data processing

Thomas Gustavsson

Hospital Physicist Yngve Naversten Radio

Chemistry Bertil

Karin W Birgit A

Hospital Pharmaceut Wollmark Ebbe CEDERQUIST MD

99Tc^m Sulfur Colloid

1968 Liver / 1978 Lymph Node (SES)

Engineering

Ingemar Larsson Radiation Physics

Sven-Erik Strand Radio

Chemistry Bertil

Birgit

Hospital Pharmaceut Wollmark Thomas White MD

99Tc^m

Ascorbic Acid Complex

1975 Kidney

The scatter-diagram of the separate (dx: (dx + sin)} renal function as determined with 131-Hippuran

versus the separate renal uptake of

Tc

-ascorbate

about 3 hr after administration.

In the dashed regression-line the dots for patients with delayed

urinary flow marked with open circles have been excluded.

Iodine-123 has been supplied by Hans Lundquist from the Gustaf Werner Institute at Uppsala,

where

Xe is produced according to the reaction

I27

I(p, 5n)

Xe, by irradiating NaI with 50-60 MeV protons.

The xenon-123 formed was transferred to a vessel and transported to Lund by night train.

During the 700 km ride Xenon-123 had decayed to Iodine-123. When it arrived at Lund early in the morning, it was collected and used for Nuclear

Medical Studies at Lund University.

The railway iodine-123 generator

In the decay of Iodine-123 (T= 13.3 h) by electron capture to ¹²³Te (stable), characteristic X-rays of Te are also emitted. Beside the l59 keV photons there are several high energy gamma rays emitted. The most important of these are 440 and 529 keV, but their relative emission rates are only 0.4 and 1.6% respectively

 529 kev 1.6 %

 440 kev 0.4 %

99Tc^m

Sulfur colloid

4. Aspegren K,

Strand SE,

LYMPHOSCINTIGRAPHY FOR DETECTION OF METASTASES TO

INTERNAL MAMMARY LYMPH-NODES -

BIOKINETICS OF SULFUR- TC-99M COLLOID UPTAKE AND CORRELATION WITH MICROSCOPY. Acta

Radiologica-Therapy

Physics Biology 17: 17-26

NUCLEAR MEDICINE 1970 – 1980

R.B.R. PERSSON & K. LIDÉN (1969) ⁹⁹Tc^m labelled human serum albumin: A study of the labelling procedure. Int. Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Vol. 20, pp. 241-248 (1969)

.

R.B.R. PERSSON & Y. NAVERSTEN (1970) ⁹⁹Tc^m-sulphide colloid preparation for scintigraphy of the reticuloendothelial system. Acta Radiologica, Ther. Phys. Biol., Vol. 9, pp. 567-576 (1970).

E CEDERQUIST, Y. NAVERSTEN, R.B.R. PERSSON, S..E. STRAND & L. SVENSSON (1977) Comparative Evaluation of ⁹⁹Tc^m and ¹²³I for thyroid scintigraphy and uptake measurements. In Nukleär Medizin J. in p. 631-634 (1977).

Aspegren K,

Strand SE

OLSSON PI, PERSSON BRR, STRAND S-E, STÅHLBERG F, ÖQUIST B (1981) Thrombus detection in animals with 111In-labelled platelets Report CODEN

LUMEDW/MERI-3030/ pp 1-4

The flying pointers team in Innsbruck 1978

OLSSON Per-Ingvar, PERSSON BRR, STRAND S-E

1979 Dissertation

STUDIES ON PARAMETERS INFLUENCING QUANTITATIVE SCINTILLATION CAMERA MEASUREMENTS OF IN VIVO RADIONUCLIDE DISTRIBUTION

Applications on functional measurements of thyroid glads lymph nodes and kidneys

1. Persson RBR, Strand SE, White T (1975) ASCORBATE-TC-99M - PREPARATION, QUALITY-CONTROL AND QUANTITATIVE RENAL UPTAKE IN MAN. International Journal of Nuclear Medicine & Biology 2: 113-122

2. Bolmsjo MS, Persson BRR, Strand SE (1977) IMAGING I-123 WITH A SCINTILLATION CAMERA - STUDY OF DETECTION PERFORMANCE AND QUALITY FACTOR CONCEPTS. Physics in Medicine and Biology 22: 266-277

3. Strand SE, Persson BRR (1977) DUAL PHOTOPEAK-AREA METHOD APPLIED TO SCINTILLATION CAMERA

MEASUREMENTS OF EFFECTIVE DEPTH AND ACTIVITY OF INVIVO I-123-DISTRIBUTIONS. Eur J Nucl Med 2: 121-128 4. Aspegren K, Strand SE, Persson BRR (1978) QUANTITATIVE LYMPHOSCINTIGRAPHY FOR DETECTION OF METASTASES

TO INTERNAL MAMMARY LYMPH-NODES - BIOKINETICS OF SULFUR-TC-99M COLLOID UPTAKE AND CORRELATION WITH MICROSCOPY. Acta Radiologica-Therapy Physics Biology 17: 17-26

5. Persson RBR, Strand SE, Knoos T (1978) RADIOANALYTICAL STUDIES OF TC-99M-LABELLED COLLOIDS AND MACROMOLECULES WITH GEL CHROMATOGRAPHY COLUMN SCANNING TECHNIQUE. Journal of Radioanalytical

Chemistry 43: 275-286

6. Jonsson P, Strand SE, Dawiskiba S, Hafstrom L, Persson B (1979) PREOPERATIVE ANTIMONY-TC-99M SULFIDE COLLOID SCINTIGRAPHY FOR IDENTIFICATION OF THE LYMPH-DRAINAGE IN PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT MELANOMA. European Surgical Research 11: 103-103

7. Jonsson PE, Strand SE, Dawiskiba S, Hafstrom L, Persson B (1979) PREOPERATIVE TC-99(M)ANTIMONY SULFIDE

COLLOID SCINTIGRAPHY FOR IDENTIFICATION OF THE LYMPH-DRAINAGE IN PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT-MELANOMA.

British Journal of Surgery 66: 885-885

8. Persson RBR, Strand SE (1979) QUALITY-CONTROL OF TC-99M-LABELLED COLLOIDS FOR SCINTIGRAPHIC STUDIES OF THE LYMPHATIC-SYSTEM. J Label Compd Radiopharm 16: 202-203

9. Strand SE, Persson BRR (1979) QUANTITATIVE LYMPHOSCINTIGRAPHY .1. BASIC CONCEPTS FOR OPTIMAL UPTAKE OF RADIOCOLLOIDS IN THE PARASTERNAL LYMPH-NODES OF RABBITS. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 20: 1038-1046

10. Persson B, Strand SE, Jonsson PE, Bergqvist L, Hafstrom LO (1981) PRE OPERATIVE TECHNETIUM-99M ANTIMONY SULFIDE COLLOID SCINTIGRAPHY FOR IDENTIFICATION OF THE LYMPH DRAINAGE IN PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT MELANOMA. Nuclear Medicine Communications 2: 98-98

Mathematics Leif Svensson

Hospital Physics Lennart Darte Chemistry

Bertil

Birgit Radiation Physics

Sven Erik Strand Carl Gustav OLSSON

99Tc^m Plasmin Komplex

1977 Deep Vein Thrombus

99 Tc ^m Plasmin Komplex

Deep Vein Thrombus

99

Tc

Plasmin Komplex

STRAND, S. E., PERSSON, B. R. B., STÅHLBERG, F.

& OLSSON, C. G.

1981

THROMBOSIS. Medical Physics, 8 (4), 555-555.

Nuclear Magnetic Medicine

Another New Era

JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE Volume: 53 Issue: 3 Pages: 459-463 DOI:

10.2967/jnumed.111.092437 Published: MAR 1 2012

Te present study demonstrated the feasibility of labeling SPIONs with 99mTc.

The accumulation of 99mTc-SPIONs in lymph nodes after subcutaneous injection in rats, verified by

SPECT/MRI detection, is encouraging for

Future applications in breast

cancer and malignant melanoma ^.

STRAND, S. E., PERSSON, B. R. B.,

STÅHLBERG, F

Several years later

after it all started The 3 Musceteers

were all

professors

Tack för uppmärksamheten Thank You for Your attention

På återseende

Hope to See You again soon at the Emertitage