DESIGN PROPOSAL FOR MEŽCIEMS

GOALS FOR THE DESIGN DEVELOPMENT:

1. Higher density;

2. More mixed environment;

3. Better connection with the surroundings;

3. Better connection between the living area and the lake; 4. Enclosed courtyards;

5. Open space - for everybodys needs;

EXPECTED RESULT:

Mixed neighbourhood with functions spread withing a walking distance.

City center

1

1

2

2

The route from City center to Mezciemsplanned by municipality Proposed route Nr. 1

Proposed route Nr. 2

Distance - 5km 500m

Distance - 4km 950m Distance - 5km

IDEA: To improve bicycle links from the city centre to Mežciems

City center

Existing bicycle traks

Planned to build bicycle tracks until 2018 Proposed new bicycle tracks to improve the bycyle network

Mezciems Other microrayons

Strategy Nr. 1: Good connection with the city center:

CAR R O AD 12 m B ICYCLE ROA D 3m PEDESTR IAN 3m GR EEN B AR IER 3m FO R EST OR LIVING AR EA FO R EST OR LIVING AR EA

Firstly in order to improve the connection between the neighbourhood Mež-ciems and city center, new bicycle tracks should be privided. The new connec-tion links provides two starting points in the neighbourhood. Bicycle traks con-nects with the track planned by municipality. The distance of new tracks might not look much shorter at a first glance but it provides more starting points and higher flexibility.

The bicycle tracks should be strictly divided from car roads, in order to provide high security for cyclists of all ages. This can be done with building green edges (trees, bushes) between them. The landscape around sycling tracs should be pleasant in order to increase the cycling. The high distance, planted with gree-nery, between cars and bicycle tracks can highly improve the quality of bicycle tracks.

IDEA: Removal of Gailezera iela and creation of extra speed

redusement barriers in Sergeja Eizensteina iela and in Hipokrata iela

7m 1,50m _1,50m 3,50m 12m 15m 2,70m 0 10 20 30 40 50 Gailezera iela Se rge ja E ize ns tein a ie_la BEFORE BEFORE 0 10 20 30 40 50 AFTER AFTER

Currently the road is a problem in the area because it disconnects the lake from the living area, in concecuence the lake is not in use by its inhabitants. Another fact is that the traffic on the road is not intensive but the width of the road is very high. The complete removement of the road was chosen because the neighbourhood has high speed roads on both sides already. The purpose of Gailezera street is to con-nect these two high speed roads, however the road is just promoting a car use, while the design proposal suggest to promote pedestrian use of the area. The re-moval of the street can bring new features, connecting the neighbourhood and the lake, to the area and improve the safety of pedestrians.

Another solution to improve pedestrian and cyclists use of the area is to integrate Traffic calming strategy in the area by:

a) building new bariers on the streets to force the speed reducement of cars; b) build more traffic lights in the area;

c) reduce the width of the street;

d) to create more room for pedestrians and cyclists;

IDEA: Renovation of houses by extendengin their size

0 1020304050 Existing buildings Extended area

+1,50m

+3m

For the upgrade of blocks of flats, renovation of facades would not be genuine. The upgrade of houses with the extention of their area is even smarter. This type of renovation is already in practice and there are real examples of it (ps. 54). It gives more opportunities in creating new facades and changes the character of the buil-ding. The renovation proposal also suggests to fill the gaps between buildings but leaving fisrts floor for pedestrian passway. The design of facades is suggested to be diverse in order to get rid of monothonic character of buildings and visually reduce great size of buildings.

References of housing renovation

1. Renovation of 709 housing units in Genicart district, Larmont, France. Housing units are transformed by adding extra space to the facades. This way the flats gain extra space and facade gets completely different look.

Year of renovation: 2009. Office: LAN

http://www.lan-paris.com

Before

After

2. Transformation of the housing block No.17, Paris.

Self supporting structures were added to the edges of the existing building, this way the size of a block was extended by 3560 sq.m. Year of renovation: 2011

Office: Lacaton & Vasaal http://www.lacatonvassal.com

3. Housing transformation by the same prin-ciple in Saint - Nazaire, France.

Year of renovation: 2013 (still in process); Office: Lacaton & Vasaal

IDEA: Designing new buildings in the area:

5 - 6 storey residential house

3 storey duplexes

5 storey mixed use building

5 storey mixed use building

Single family houses Changing facades every 10 - 15m

Different functions10m 14m 16m 13m 13m

Commercial

Offices Residential

10m 14m 16m 13m 13m

New buildings in the study area are proposed using the mixed - use infill strategy. The delimitation of infill strategy is that existing blocks of flats are quite high, consisting from 9 and 16 floors. Because of this factor not many buildings can be built, otherwise the new buil-dings will reduce the amount of sunlight the existing builbuil-dings get. The goal is to design various buildings in the area, so that the area would escape the mono character of residential district.

The infill consists from 4 types of buildings:

1. 5-6 storey residential houses for new inhabitants- the house is divided with flats;

2. 3 storay duplexes - flats are planned for families . Each family has a flat planned within three floors with the private garden;

IDEA: More enterpreneural activities in the area

Shops on the bottom floor of housing blocks

Community center, indoors swimming pool

Spaces for rent and commercial use on 1st and 2nd floors

Since the area already has two buildings of a public use, it is sugested to redesign them into more attrac-tive commercial buildings. The existing building in the north could serve as a good space for market, where individuals can sell domestic goods, such as vege-tables, meet, fruits and other foods. The public buil-ding in the north is sugested to be a community center, where locals could organise meetings. Swimming pool for inhabitants could also be located in that buildings. It is strongly proposed to open shops and other com-mercial spaces on a groundfloor of housing blocks, which are located along the walking alley.

New buildings should have a variety of functions, in order to avoid empty or alien spaces during certain time of the day/night. New buildings are designed to provide office spaces for rents on the 2nd floor and commercial spaces on the groundfloor.

IDEA: Enclosed courtyards divided with small pockets of spaces:

Inline loundry Basketball field Gardening

Residential Residential Residential

Gre

en

Gre

en

In order to create calm atmosphere in the courtyards, the parking lots are moved outside them and the space for courtyards is particularly designed for outdoor activities. Spaces in courtyards are divided into small pockets of spaces of 10m - 25m width. Each pocket has a different function. Func-tions provided in courtyards are:

1. Children playgound; 2. Inline laundry drying; 3. Urban gardening;

4. Games area for adults and elderly; 5. Bascketball field in bigger courtyards;

All pockets of spaces are located in a landscape planted with trees, whe-re the seating places awhe-re provided.

IDEA:Open public space with the variety of functions:

Resting zones for elderly Park

The idea is to create an open public space where people of all ages could find interesting activities. The purpose of the public space is not create a sophi-sticated or expensive design but to use the potentials of existing space, which can be used for purposeful free time.

Since the lake is one of the greatest potentials in the area,the design proposes to revive the lake area by implementing water activities there.

Also the establishement of winter activities, such as sliding from the hill, are proposed.

An importancy for public areas for elderly is also gi-ven, who very often lack outdoor activities in public spaces and yet too often forgotten.

Stadium already exists in the area, so the design proposal sugests to renovate it and implement more activities for active people around it.

Strategy Nr. 5: The mix of functions within a walking distance

IDEA: Bus stops are located in that way so it would take 3 minutes

to reach the destination

150,022 Gailezera iela Se rge ja E ize ns tein a ie_la 116, 289 235m 220 m 254m 210m 207m 260 m 218m 234m 270m BEACH WATER AC_TIVITIES GAR DENI NG MAR_KET SKAT ING SQ UARE ARTI FICI AL H ILLS STA DIU M ARTI FICI AL WAT ER ELD ERLY Z ON E PARK EL DER LY Z O N E INDO O RS SW IMM ING POOL R_U N_N IN G T_R A_C K ~200m ~200m ~200m ~20 0m ~200m ~200m ~200m ~200m ~200_m ~200_m ~2₀₀ m

New bus stops

A shape of a neighbourhood is dictates the a certain cha-racter of a oblong space, because of that there is a diffi-culty to create a 3 min. neighbourhood as a whole. Howe-ver the public space is designed in a way so that a changing and interesting scenery along the way would visually reduce the distance, in case the destination re-quires to cross the neighbourhood from South to North. From East to West is easy to create a 200 meters net-work, which means that most of the objects and func-tions can be reached in three minutes.

New density of buses is proposed, which creates a good walking distance in the neighbourhood and all facilities could be reached within a 3 min. from a bus stop.

The canging scenery visually shortens the distance

0

200m

12.3 Ha

3.9 Ha

7.0 Ha

7.5 Ha

1.4Ha

Parking

Private housing

Public space for the school and

kinder-garden Courtyards 1.4Ha 0.8Ha 0.3Ha 1.3Ha 0.4Ha 0.2Ha 0.1Ha 0.3Ha 0.16Ha 0.32Ha 0.7Ha 0.7Ha 0.8Ha 2.4Ha 2.0Ha 0.6Ha 0.2Ha 0.2Ha 0.7Ha 0.3Ha 0.4Ha 0.9Ha 0.6Ha 0.2Ha 0.3Ha 0.3Ha 0.1Ha 0.5Ha 1.2Ha 0.4Ha 1.0Ha 4.2 ha 3.3Ha 1.5Ha 5.2Ha 5.2Ha 7.5 Ha 6.7 Ha 6.5 Ha 10.8 Ha 4.2 Ha 1.9Ha 1.1Ha 0.3Ha 0.6Ha 0.5Ha 0.3Ha 0.4Ha 0.4Ha 0.3Ha 0.3Ha 0.4Ha Courtyards Undefined public space Parking Fenced territory Vast space

1. Land use

Revitalization project promises a more organized master plan layout.

The existing vast land in the South which occupies even 7,5 hectares is eli-minated by creating a mixed living pat-tern. The area is filled with single fa-mily homes, which occupies 1,4 hectares; extended housing facilities, entrepreneurship section and recreati-on area. Parking lots now occupy less space than before but have a well-or-ganized pattern, where more cars can be parked. Parking area is designed on the edges of the neighborhood, in or-der to generate enclosed courtyards just for the inhabitants. This type of area organization gives more space to inhabitants by 0,5 hectare. The area in the middle is designed to be a recreati-on space for inhabitants and its visi-tors, which is divided into smaller sec-tions, in order to suit everybody’s needs. The total size of the park is 12,3 hectares. Fenced areas of schools and kindergartens, located in the eastern part of the area are transformed into public zones. The safety from the street still stays high, because of the mi-xed-use buildings designed along the street.

2. Increase of living space

215

168

310

20

20

45

100

36

9

12

25

+960

new flats

+225

new commercial

type spaces

+520

work places

The proposed revitalization project would create even 960 new living spa-ces, 9 of them are private single family houses and 5 terraced houses con-sisting of 25 flats. New flats can be used for various purposes – for rents, as affordable accommodation for students, accommodation for young families and etc. The implementation of new housing in the area also reduces urban sprawl and increases the density in the area, which creates a cozy atmo-sphere.

3. Wider possibilites for Entrepreneurship

+50

+40

+25

+40

+25

+25

+5

+5

+10

+20

+30

+

Local vegateble market;

Spaces for commercial or private use; Shop/Public facilities; Community center

+960

new flats

+225

new commercial

type spaces

+520

work places

CONCLUSIONS:

Though Riga is rich with Art Noveaux architecture (included in the UNESCO world heritage list), the above project has shown that the city is mostly covered with mass housing estates. These estates portray monotonic and dull architecture, over scaled public spaces etc. as discovered during the analysis (Microrayons in the city’s context), which is far from an attractive and comfortable environment.

Riga has also got many potentials some of which are mentioned in this project but the problems which come with mass housing, overshadow them. These problems are peculiar in Riga’s microrayons. Thus the focus of this project has been to revitalize these potentials by proposing some strategies to solve these problems (Urban Reno-vation Strategies for Riga’s Microrayons).

The main focus has been to use the most economic and efficient way to give Riga the face it deserves. The aim of the strategies mentioned above was to preserve the buil-dings, while at the same time uplifting the potentials of microrayons. For this many strategies were used, some of which were to increase the sociability level in public spaces, to upgrade the current appearance of mass housing estates, to encourage entrepreneurship, to create better connections to the city center and within micro-rayons.

Some of the problems solved by these strategies include monotonic architecture, over scaled public spaces, unorganized parking etc.

Using the strategies mentioned above Mežciems is used in this project as a case stu-dy to demonstrate a possible transformation of mass housing estates in Riga. The proposed design for the transformation of Mežciems solves most of these prob-lems, with main focus on the economic aspects.This included introduction of new buil-dings, creation of new bicycle tracks, implementation of traffic calming system in high speed roads, reorganization of public spaces etc.

Books and articles:

ALTROCK, UWE et.al. (eds.) (2006) Spatial Planning and Urban Development in the New EU Member States. From Adjustment to Reinvention. Hampshire: Ashgate Pub-lishing Limited.

ARENDT, HANNAH (1998) The human condition. London: The University of Chicago Press,Ltd.

CIAFFI, DANIELA (ed.) (2005) Neighborhood housing debate. Milano: F.Angeli. CONTAL, MARIE-HELENE and REVEDIN, JANA (2009) Sustainable Design: Towards a new ethic in Architecture and town planning. Actes Sud, France;

D.ANDRUSZ, GREGORY (1985) Housing and urban development in the USSR. State University of New York Press, Albany;

FRAMPTON, KENNETH (2007) The Evolution of 20th Century Architecture. Sprin-ger-Verlag/Wien and China Architecture and Building Press, Beijing, China; GEHL, JAN (2010) Cities for People. Washington: Island Press.

GOLDHOOM, BART and SVERDLOV, ALEXANDER (2009) Microrayon: Transformations of the Soviet City under Capitalism. Volume 21, p. 14-18;

GRAVA, SIGURD (1993) The Urban Heritage of the Soviet Regime The Case of Riga, Latvia. Journal of the American Planning Association, 59:1, p. 9-30;

HEIDEGGER, MARTIN (2001) Poetry, Language, Thought. Chapter 4: Building Dwelling Thinking. New York: Perennial Classics, Harper Collins Publishers.

ILLICH, IVAN (2001) Tools for conviviality. London: Marion Boyars.

KNORR – SIEDOW, THOMAS and DROSTE, CHRISTIANE (2003) Large Housing Estates in Germany. Utrecht: Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University.

MUMFORD, ERIC (2000) The CIAM Discourse on Urbanism. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

OSBORN, ROBERT J. (1966) How the Russians Plan Their Cities. Society, Volume 3, Nr. 6, p. 25-30;

PALMER, ALLISON LEE (2008) Historical Dictionary of Architecture. USA: Scarecrow Press Inc.

POLYZOIDES, STEFANOS (2012, p.51) Housing Fabric as Urban Form: A New Urbanist Argument against Three Generations of Anti-Urban Modernist Housing in HAAS, TIGRAN (ed.) (2012) Sustainable urbanism and beyond. Rizzoli International Publica-tions, Inc.

REVEDIN, JANA (2013) The radicant city: why sustainable living space grows like ivy. Kalmar: Cumulus Kalmar Linnaeus University.

REVEDIN, JANA (1991) The Concept of Open Space in the Social Architecture of the German Avant-Garde. Rome/Milan: National Library/Milan Polytechnic.

REVEDIN, JANA (2012) Architecture in the Making. Paris: Cité/Editions Alternatives. REVEDIN, JANA (2011) Rethinking the Human in Technology driven Architecture. In-ternational ENSHA Chania Conference.

VYRIAUSIOJI ENCIKLOPEDIJU REDAKCIJA (Eng. Main Editorial Office of Encyclope-dia) (1981) Lietuviskoji Tarybine Enciklopedija (Eng. Lithuanian Soviet encyclopeEncyclope-dia). Volume 7, Mokslas;

Internet sources:

BERGLUND, ULLA (2002) Privatisation, Segregation and Local Engagement: A Latvi-an Case Study. [Online] Available from: http://cibworld.xs4all.nl/dl/publications/Pu-b281/04Chapter-2.pdf [Accessed 23/07/13]

BIJLMERMEER RENOVATION PLANNING OFFICE (PROJECTBUREAU VERNIEUWING BIJLMERMEER) (2008) The Bijlmermeer Renovation Facts and Figures. [Online] Available from: http://www.vernieuwdebijlmer.nl/bijlmer11/index.php/component/ docman/doc_download/86-the-renewal-of-the-bijlmermeer-facts-a-figures. [Ac-cessed 02/05/13]

BUCHLI, VICTOR (1997) Khrushchev, Modernism, and the Fight against „Petit-bour-geois“ Consciousness in the Soviet Home. Journal of Design History, Vol. 10, No. 2, Design, Stalin and the Thaw, pp. 161 – 176. [Online] Available from: http://www.jstor. org/stable/1316130 [Accessed 27/09/13].

HELLEMAN, GERBEN and WASSENBERG, FRANK (2003) The renewal of what was tommorow’s idealistic city. Amsterdam’s Bijlmermeer high-rise. Cities, Vol. 21, No. 1, p. 3–17, 2004 [Online] Available from: www.elsevier.com/locate/cities [Accessed 23/03/13]

FELTINS, ALEKSANDRS (2012) Research on how diversify microrayon using design. A pattern language for user-control facilitating urban design in large post war esta-tes. The case of Plavnieki, Riga.[Online] Available from: http://issuu.com/feltins/ docs/feltins-p4-final-report-reduced/1. [Accessed 29/05/13]

GSW/CBRE (2013) Housing market report. 9th Edition. Berlin: GSW Immobilien AG. [Online] Available from: https://www.gsw.de/files/7913/5877/5420/WMR_2013_EN_ WWW_A.pdf. [Accessed 02/10/13]

GSW/JLL (2009) Housing market report. 5th Edition. [Online] Available from: https:// www.gsw.de/files/4813/5048/9644/5_4_WMR_2009_engl_www.pdf. [Accessed 12/10/13]

ILTNERE, ANNA (2013) Post Soviet Amnesis: Soviet-era Architecture, Design and Art, as Seen Today. [Online] Available from: www.artterritory.com [Accessed 18/02/13] INSTITUTE OF PRIVATE FINANCES, SWEDBANK (2013) Food Basket Study in Baltic Countries. [Online] Available from: http://newsroom.swedbank.com/Global/news/ Food%20basket%20study%20in%20Baltic%20countries.pdf [Accessed 15/07/13] JANSONS, ILGVARS (2011) Suburban Sprawl in Riga Region: the Rise and Fall of “American Dream”. Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University [Online] Vol.3, p.46 – 52 Available from: https://ortus.rtu.lv/science/en/publications/12597-Subur- ban+Sprawl+in+Riga+Region%3A+the+Rise+and+Fall+of+%E2%80%9CAmeri-can+Dream%E2%80%9D [Accessed 15/05/13]

LEVERETTE, MARY MARLOWE (2013) 10 Reasons to Line Dry Laundry. [Online] Avai-lable from: http://laundry.about.com/od/ecofriendlylaundry/tp/10reasonstoline-drylaundry.htm [Accessed 10/07/13]

LOERAKKER, JAN (2013) Revisioning Amsterdam Bijlmermeer. [Online] Available from: http://failedarchitecture.com/2013/04/the-story-behind-the-failure-revisio-ning-amsterdam-bijlmermeer/. [Accessed 02/10/13]

MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT REPUBLIC OF LATVIA (2009) Development of Mobility plan and action programme for Riga and Pieriga. First Interim Report: Analysis Current Situation. SM 2009/07/FM-KF-TP/01/02-01. Riga, Tornu iela 4, III C, office no. 203;

MORTON, HENRY W. (1980) Who Gets What, When and How? Housing in the Soviet Union. Soviet Studies, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp.235-259. [Online] Available from: http:// www.jstor.org/stable/151234 [Accessed 27/09/13]

PLAUT, STEVEN and UZULENA, EGITA (2006) Architectural Design and Value of Housing in Riga, Latvia. Volume 9, Nr.1, p. 112 – 131;

STERK, BOUDEWIJN and ZAHIROVIC, SELMA (2007) The Bijlmer: A Dutch Approach to Multiculturalism. [Online] Available from: http://www.humanityinaction.org/ knowledgebase/153-the-bijlmer-a-dutch-approach-to-multiculturalism. [Accessed 27/09/13]

TREIJA, SANDRA and SUVOROVS, EDGARS (2010) Restructuring Large Scale Housing Estates: Case of Riga. [Online] Available from: http://www.enhr2011.com/sites/de-fault/files/Paper-EdgarsSuvorovs-WS05.pdf [Accessed 31/05/13].

URBAN DESIGN LAB at THE EARTH INSTITUTE, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY prepared by: ACKERMAN; KUBI (2012) The Potential for Urban Agriculture in New York City. [Online] Available from: http://www.urbandesignlab.columbia.edu/sitefiles/file/ur-ban_agriculture_nyc.pdf [Accessed 20/06/13]

WORLD HERITAGE LIST (1997) Citing electronic sources of information [WWW] Unesco. Available from: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/852 [Accessed 20/03/13]

Interviews:

LEJNIEKS, JĀNIS. Economic Development Manager in Estate Property Division of Riga City Council (Personal communication, 3rd May, 2013).

ZVIRGZDIŅŠ, ARTIS. Chief Editor of The Website Portal: www.a4d.lv (Personal com-munication, 2nd May, 2013)

Films:

COVER PICTURE: made by Manten Devriendt; COVER PAGE 7: Author: Jomante Valiulyte; PAGE 10:

Figure 1: Author: Jomante Valiulyte; PAGE 11: 1. http://blog.worldaffairs.org/2012/09/what-does-unesco-do/ 2.http://www.citiesinworld.com/2011/12/riga-latvia.html; 3.www.urbancentre.net; 4. http://www.nomadicpinoy.com/2010/08/riga-art-noveau.html; 5. http://bluelinerhockey.com/travel/latvia/riga/ PAGE 12: 1. http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?p=41056996; 2.Author: Jomante Valiulyte;

3. Author: Jomante Valiulyte; 4. Author: Jomante Valiulyte; 5. Author: Jomante Valiulyte;

COVER PAGE 13: Author: Jomante Valiulyte; PAGE 14:

Figure 2.www.apkaimes.lv;

Figure 3. http://www.rdpad.lv/apkaimes/. PAGE 15:

Figure 4. Author: Jomante Valiulyte; Figure 5. Author: Jomante Valiulyte; PAGE 16:

Figure 6. Author: Jomante Valiulyte; Figure 7. http://www.primavera.bpg.lv/ PAGE 17:

Figure 8. Magazine Latvijas Architectura, vol. 93, 2011, article by Janis Lejnieks „Pieriga 20. un 21.gs.“

Figure 9. Magazine Latvijas Architectura, vol. 93, 2011, article by Janis Lejnieks „Pieriga 20. un 21.gs.“

PAGE 18:

All photos made by Jomante Valiulyte. PAGE 19:

Figure 10: Author: Jomante Valiulyte; COVER PAGE 20: Author: Jomante Valiulyte; PAGE 21: Author: Jomante Valiulyte; PAGE 25:

Figure 11: illustration SVESMI in magazine VOLUME 21 PAGE 28:

Figure.12: www.failedarchitecture.com. Images by Archined, 1999. PAGE 29:

Figure 13: www.failedarchitecture.com Images by Projectbureau Vernieuwing Bijl-mermeer, 2008

PAGE 30:

Figure.14: http://www.arch-i-lab.polimi.it/SocialHousing/ Germany_I%20-%20Flecken.pdf

COVER PAGE 38:

Author: Jomante Valiulyte; PAGE 39:

Figure 12: Author: Jomante Valiulyte; 1. Author: Jomante Valiulyte;

2. http://riga.in/search/label/ziepniekkalns.

PAGE 40:

Figure 17: Author: Jomante Valiulyte; PAGE 41:

Figure 18: Author: Jomante Valiulyte; PAGE 42:

Figure 19: Author: Jomante Valiulyte; PAGE 43: Figure 20: http://www.rdsd.lv/box/images/velocelini11small_0.jpg; PAGE 44: Figure 21:www.apkaimes.lv; Figure 22: http://saraksti.rigassatiksme.lv/index.html#riga/map,page/en PAGE 45:

Figure 23: Author: Jomante Valiulyte; COVER PAGE 46:

Author: Jomante Valiulyte; PAGE 47:

All pictures made by Jomante Valiulyte; PAGE 48:

All pictures: http://microrayon.wikispaces.com/Ownership+of+microrayon+in+Riga PAGE 49:

All pictures made by Jomante Valiulyte; PAGE 50:

Figure 24: Author: Jomante Valiulyte; PAGE 51:

All pictures made by Jomante Valiulyte; PAGE 52:

Figure 25: Wheeler and Beatley (2009), Sustainable urban development. Page: 100; PAGE 53:

All pictures: google.maps modified by Jomante Valiulyte;

PAGE 55:

All pictures made by Jomante Valiulyte; COVER PAGE 58:

Picture: Latvian Museum of Architecture; PAGE 59:

All pictures made by Jomante Valiulyte; PAGE 60:

Figure 27. Janis Rubins (2003) Rigas Dzivojamais Fonds 20. Gadsimta. Page: 80; PAGE 61:

All pictures made by Jomante Valiulyte; PAGE 62:

All pictures made by Jomante Valiulyte; PAGES 63 - 65:

All pictures made by Jomante Valiulyte; COVER PAGE 66:

Author: Jomante Valiulyte; PAGES 67 - 72:

All pictures made by Jomante Valiulyte; COVER PAGE 73:

Author: Jomante Valiulyte; PAGES 74 - 77:

All pictures made by Jomante Valiulyte; PAGE 78:

1.http://www.lan-paris.com; 2. http://www.lacatonvassal.com. PAGES 79 - 81:

PAGE 82:

Diagrams made by the author; Photos: Sauna:https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR2b0xlOXzSz-nDD-_LQzAWz_rdZK0qwYQEi1zzZbcEKZ3J2-Enw Boats: http://cdn.londonandpartners.com/assets/attractions/out-doors/1446-640x360-boat_hydepark_640.jpg Beach: http://www.essen-und-trinken.de/beachclubs/die-schoensten-beach-clubs-1005546.html?image=7

Urban Gardening: http://blog.eatwithme.net/post/1043963224/mobile-gar-den-roots-itself-in-berlin

Skating: http://www.ci.sammamish.wa.us/files/picture/3321.jpg

Winter activities: http://www.kurjeris.lt/layout/set/print/Aktualijos/Numerio-tema/ Ziemos-pramogoms-kalnus-supila-darbscios-rankos

Stadium: http://www.poziuris.lt/id-167.html Fountains: www.themeparkreview.com

Resting zones for elderly: www.worldofstock.com Park: www.wikimedia.org

PAGE 83:

All pictures made by Jomante Valiulyte; COVER PAGE 84:

Author: Jomante Valiulyte; PAGE 85:

All pictures made by Jomante Valiulyte; PAGE 86:

All pictures made by Jomante Valiulyte; PAGE 87:

URBAN TRANSFORMATION OF RIGA‘S MICRORAYONS: FROM A SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN PERSPECTIVE: CASE STUDY: MEŽCIEMS

Master Thesis, 30ects, Spring Semester 2013

Spatial Planning with an emphasis on Urban Design in China and Europe Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH)

Karlskrona, Sweden

Institute for Sustainable Urbanism (ISU), TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany

Tutors:

Prof.Jana Revedin (BTH);

Prof.Dr. Vanessa Miriam Carlow (ISU).

Pictures, maps and drawings are made by the author, the ones which are used from other sources are explained in APPENDIX 2 of this thesis. Copyright©Jomante Valiulyte (jvaliulyte@gmail.com)