Contribution to knowledge on Swedish crane flies (Diptera, Tipuloidea)
Jukka SalmEla
Salmela, J.: Contribution to knowledge on Swedish crane flies (Diptera, Tipuloidea). [Bi- drag till känndedomen om svenska harkrankar (Diptera, Tipuloidea).] – Entomolo- gisk Tidskrift 132(2): 113-118. uppsala, Sweden 2011. ISSN 0013-886x.
The crane fly collection and a small amount of unidentified material deposited in the Zoo- logical museum, university of lund, Sweden, was examined by the author. Five species (Elephantomyia krivosheinae Savchenko, 1976, Erioptera nielseni de meijere, 1921, Go- nomyia subtenella Savchenko, 1972, Metalimnobia tenua Savchenko, 1976 and Tipula wahlgreni lackschewitz, 1925) are reported for the first time from Sweden. locality data for these species and nine other species, which are considered rare and poorly known in Sweden, is provided. layer photos of female hypopygium of Tipula wahlgreni and its close relative T. mutila Wahlgren, 1905 are presented.
Department of Biology, Zoological Museum, FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland. E- mail: jueesal@utu.fi
from northern Sweden (e.g. mendl 1974, 1979) and from the Baltic coast (mendl 1987), trapped mainly by himself and/or k. müller. Since the 1980’s, scientific study of Swedish crane flies has been modest. although some crane flies have been red-listed (Bartsch et al. 2005, Cederberg et al. 2010), the listings have almost entirely been based on old information and covered only about 30 % of the species present in Sweden. Thus, de- spite a long tradition of crane fly taxonomy and faunistics in Sweden, much work should be done in order to map species occurrences, describe their habitats and assess species’ responses to en- vironmental change and management.
In april 2010 I made a short visit to the Zoo- logical museum, university of lund, Sweden. I reidentified some crane fly specimens deposited in the main collection and also identified previ- ously unidentified material. In this article I report the most significant findings of my visit. Five spe- cies are reported for the first time from Sweden and other records of noteworthy species, i.e. ones that are possibly rare in Sweden, are presented.
Introduction
In terms of their body size and habitat asso- ciations, crane flies are an astonishingly diverse group of nematoceran insects (de Jong et al.
2008). a total of 406 species are known from the Nordic countries and 355 from Sweden (Salmela 2010). These fragile and lanky flies have been studied in Sweden since the era of C. v. linné (e.g. linnaeus 1758). Dozens of crane flies were described by J. W. Zetterstedt (e.g. Zetterstedt 1838) and later revised by H.D.J. Wallengren (1881, 1882). keys for identification of Swedish fauna were provided by E. Wahlgren (1905). Sev- eral Swedish and Scandinavian crane flies were illustrated and described by B. Tjeder. His first, out of 47, Tipuloid paper was published in 1932 and the last one in 1989 (Tjeder 1932, Tjeder &
andersson 1989). In addition to his par excel- lence taxonomic papers, Tjeder much elucidated the faunistics and natural history of Swedish crane flies (e.g. Tjeder 1955, 1958, 1959). The German entomologist H. mendl identified large amounts of limoniids and pediciids collected
Ent. Tidskr. 132 (2011)
Material and methods
most of the studied specimens are deposited in the Zoological museum, university of lund (Zmlu). Other material was loaned from Zo- ologisches Forschungsmuseum alexander koe- nig, Bonn (ZFmk). If needed, abdominal termi- nalia of the studied specimens were macerated in 10 % kOH solution and finally preserved in microvials in glycerol. Comparative material (female specimens of Tipula wahlgreni and T.
mutila) is deposited in the Zoological museum, university of Turku, Finland (ZmuT). If not otherwise mentioned, faunistic records from Finland are based on the author’s data-base of Finnish crane flies. layer photos were taken using an Olympus SZX16 stereomicroscope at- tached to an Olympus E520 digital camera. Dig- ital photos were captured using the programmes Deep Focus 3.1 and Quick PHOTO CamERa 2.3. layer photos were finally combined with the program Combine ZP.
Species listed here are members of the fami- lies limoniidae and Tipulidae, and are arranged in alphabetical order. Nomenclature and family classification follows Oosterbroek (2011). This classification of crane flies has recently been challenged by Petersen et al. (2010).
Figure 1. Elephantomyia kri- vosheinae Savchenko, 1976, female. Locality data: Swe- den, Lule Lappmark, Mes- saure, Kaltisjokk, VI-VII.
1967 (Müller) (ZFMK). This specimen was identified by H.
Mendl (1974) as E. edwardsi, a species that is hitherto not recorded from Sweden.
Elephantomyia krivosheinae Savchenko, 1976, hona fårn Lu.Lpm., Messaure, Kaltis- jokk, VI-VII. 1967 (Müller) (ZFMK). Detta exemplar identifierades av H. Mendl (1974) som E. edwardsi, en art som hittills inte har hittats i Sverige.
Figure 2. Tipula wahlgreni Lackschewitz, 1925, fe- male. Locality data: Sweden, Dalarna, Boda, Stygg- forsen, 13.VII.1959 (Bo Tjeder) (ZMLU). This speci- men has been erroneously interpreted to represent T.
jutlandica.
Tipula wahlgreni Lackschewitz, 1925, hona från Da- larna, Boda, Styggforsen, 13.VII.1959 (Bo Tjeder) (ZMLU). Detta exemplar har felaktigt antagits vara T. jutlandica. Tipula wahlgreni är ny för Sverige och egentligen mest lik T. mutila Wahlgren, 1905, som den kan skiljas från enligt karaktärerna i Fig 3 & 4.
Species new for Sweden Limoniidae
Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia) krivosheinae Savchenko, 1976. Skåne, Skäralid, 11.VI.1950 (k. ander), 1 female (Zmlu); Lule Lappmark, messaure, kaltisjokk, VI-VII. 1967 (müller), 1 female (ZFmk).
Tjeder (1953) reported E. edwardsi lack- schewitz, 1932 as a new species for Sweden.
In his article, Tjeder (1953) provided an illus- tration (habitus, p. 232) of the specimen which he considered to represent E. edwardsi. It was noted by Tjeder (1953, p. 231) that the abdomen of the specimen he studied was not banded, as it should be in E. edwardsi; the lack of bands was considered by him to be due to the teneral condition of the specimen. This female speci- men is seemingly not teneral but belongs to E.
krivosheinae. One specimen of E. edwardsi was Figure 3. Females terminalia, lateral view of – a) Ti- pula wahlgreni Lackschewitz, 1925 [Locality data:
Finland, Kb, Lieksa, Tetrikangas, 22.VI.-16.VII.2008 (J. Salmela) (ZMUT)] and – b) Tipula mutila Wahl- gren, 1905 [Locality data: Finland, Lkoc, Kittilä, Siettelonvuoma, 4.-27.VI.2007 (J. Salmela) (ZMUT)].
Honor, bakkroppens spets sedd från sidan av – a) Tipula wahlgreni Lackschewitz, 1925 [Exemplaret är från Finland, Kb, Lieksa, Tetrikangas, 22.VI.-16.
VII.2008 (J. Salmela) (ZMUT)] och – b)Tipula muti- la Wahlgren, 1905 [Finland, Lkoc, Kittilä, Siettelon- vuoma, 4.-27.VI.2007 (J. Salmela) (ZMUT)].
a
b
Figure 4. Female cerci and 10th tergite, dorsal view of – a) Tipula wahlgreni Lackschewitz, 1925 and – b) Tipula mutila Wahlgren, 1905. Locality data as in Fig. 3.
Honans cerci och tionde tergit, sedda ovanifrån av – a) Tipula wahlgreni Lackschewitz, 1925; – b) Tipula mutila Wahlgren, 1905. Fynddata som i Fig. 3.
a
b
reported by mendl (1974) from northern Swe- den, messaure. This female specimen also be- longs to E. krivosheinae (Fig. 1). In addition to differences in the structure of male hypopygia, Elephantomyia edwardsi and E. krivosheinae can be readily identified based on the color pat- tern of the abdomen (E. edwardsi = banded ab- domen, i.e. hind margins of both sternites and tergites are dark, giving a banded appearance;
E. krivosheinae = dark coloration is confined to corners of strenites and tergites, giving an ap- pearance of longitudinal lateral stripes). Thus E.
edwardsi should be deleted from the Swedish list and replaced by E. krivosheinae. Elephan- tomyia krivosheinae in contrast to E. edwardsi, is relatively common and widespread in Fin- land but previously not found in other Nordic countries. It has been recorded from a variety of decaying deciduous trees (e.g. Betula, Populus tremula and Tilia cordata). long proboscis of
Ent. Tidskr. 132 (2011) adult Elephantomyia specimens (Fig. 1) is used
for nectar sucking.
Erioptera (Erioptera) nielseni de mei- jere, 1921. Dalarna, Älvdalen, mossiberg, 27.VII.1955 (k-H Forsslund), 1 male (Zmlu).
Erioptera nielseni is a rather common inhab- itant of hydrologically pristine minerotrophic fens. It has been recorded in the north up to lati- tude 68°N in Finland (Salmela 2008, autio &
Salmela 2010).
Gonomyia (Gonomyia) subtenella Savchen- ko, 1972. Skåne, malmö, limhamns kalkbrott, 9.VI.-25.X.2007 (B.-W. Svensson), 1 male (Zmlu).
This is a poorly known and rarely collected species, not previously recorded from the Nordic countries. It has been found from Czech Repub- lic, Slovakia, macedonia, lithuania, morocco, Georgia, azerbaijan and Iran (Starý and Ooster- broek 2008, Oosterbroek 2011). This specimen was collected with a malaise trap placed near moss-covered cliff seepage.
Metalimnobia (Metalimnobia) tenua Savchenko, 1976. Småland, Fågelfors, 15.VII.1935 (O. andersson), 1 male, 1 female (Zmlu).
Metalimnobia tenua is a wide-ranging Pa- laearctic species, known from Russian Far East, Japan, austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia (Starý 2006), Italy (Starý & Oosterbroek 2008), Fin- land (Salmela et al. 2007) and China, Ningxia (mao & Yang 2010). In Finland this species is typically found in mesic, mature mixed forests.
Tipulidae
Tipula (Pterelachisus) wahlgreni lackschewitz, 1925. Dalarna, Boda, Styggforsen, 13.VII.1959, (Bo Tjeder), 1 female (Zmlu).
This female specimen (Fig. 2) was errone- ously placed in the Tipula jutlandica Nielsen, 1947 unit in Zmlu. The specimen carried no det label, and my opinion is that it was not iden- tified as T. jutlandica by B. Tjeder. Tipula jut- landica is red-listed in Sweden (DD, Cederberg et al. 2010), reported from Dalarna (1 female
= T. wahlgreni) and Jämtland (1 male, Zmlu) (Sandström & Cederberg 2010). However, only the record from Jämtland is a correct one. Tipula wahlgreni is known from NW Europe and West Siberia (Oosterbroek 2011). In Finland, the spe-
cies occurs in central and eastern parts of the country, its records originate mainly from moist forests and spruce mires (Salmela 2009).
Tipula wahlgreni is very close to T. mutila Wahlgren, 1905. Females of these two species are quite well separated due to their wing pattern (costal cell infuscated in T. wahlgreni, not in- fuscated in T. mutila). Clear differences are also present in the abdominal terminalia (see Figures 3 & 4).
Other records Limoniidae
Dicranomyia (Idiopyga) danica kuntze, 1919.
Skåne, Ellestadsjön, 16.VI.1969, (H. anders- son), 1 male (Zmlu).
Reported by Tjeder (1958) from southern Sweden. The species is collected from lake shores in NW Russia (Prizhiboro 2003) and brackish meadows in Sweden (Tjeder 1958).
Gonempeda flava (Schummel, 1829). Skåne, Vitemölla, mölleån, 14.VI.1948, (B. Tjeder), 2 males (Zmlu); Skåne, malmö, limhamns kalkbrott 2007, (B.-W. Svensson) (Zmlu).
The species is associated with small rivers and their riparian zones (Podeniene & Gelhaus 2002). Reported by Tjeder (1955) from southern Sweden. The species has been recently collected from SW Finland (J. Salmela, submitted manu- script).
Gonomyia (Gonomyia) abscondita lack- schewitz, 1935. Skåne, kullen, Brunkulla RN- 038gi på ljus, 28.-29.VI.1973 (C.H. lindroth), 1 male (Zmlu). Skåne, malmö, limhamns kalk- brott 2007, (B.-W. Svensson), 1 male (Zmlu).
Identification of the specimen is based on a revision of G. lucidula and allied species (Starý 2011). In Finland G. abscondita is mainly asso- ciated with spring-fed headwater streams.
Gonomyia (Gonomyia) lucidula de mei- jere, 1920. Skåne, Ravlunda, klammersbäck, 15.VI.1948, (B. Tjeder), 1 male (Zmlu).
Identification of the specimen is based on a revision of G. lucidula and allied species (Starý 2011). Reliable records of this species are from Central Europe, Bulgaria and Great Britain (Starý 2011); the species is not known from Fin- land (J. Salmela, submitted manuscript).
Lipsothrix remota (Walker, 1848). Skåne, malmö, limhamns kalkbrott 2007, (B.-W.
Svensson), 1 male (Zmlu).
Lipsothrix larvae develop in wet or submerged wood (Hancock et al. 2009). It is widespread in Europe, but in Scandinavia only reported from southern Sweden (Tjeder 1955).
Molophilus (Molophilus) occultus de mei- jere, 1918. Halland, Enslöv, Hylte (2504), 1.VIII.1983, (H. andersson), 1 male (Zmlu).
according to Hugo andersson’s note book, the locality is a small mire with Carex spp, Eriophorum sp, Narthecium ossifragum, Erica tetralix and Calluna vulgaris [liten mosse hå- vat på laggen med starr, ängsull, myrlilja och klockljung. ljungtuvor på mossen]. There are only two previous findings in Scandinavia, viz.
reported by Tjeder (1955) from Skåne and from a spring fen surrounded by pine mire in Finland.
The species is collected from acid mires (e.g.
Boyce 2004).
Scleroprocta pentagonalis (loew, 1873).
Skåne, malmö, limhamns kalkbrott 2007, (B.- W. Svensson), 1 male (Zmlu).
Reported by Tjeder (1955) only from Skåne.
In Finland this species has rather peculiar range:
it is known from eastern Finland, middle boreal ecoregion. Collecting localities are small head- water streams influenced by groundwater, lying in calcareous districts. according to Podeniene (2009) larvae of S. pentagonalis develop in wa- ter and sand of the riparian zone in lithuania.
Tasiocera (Dasymolophilus) fuscescens (lackschewitz, 1940). Skåne, kullaberg (2367), 24.VI.1981, (H. andersson), 1 male (Zmlu).
Not reported from Sweden by Tjeder (1955).
Very rare species in Finland, collected around small streams with luxuriant riparian vegetation.
Tasiocera (Dasymolophilus) murina (meigen, 1818). Skåne, kullaberg (2358), 25.VI.1981, (H. andersson), 1 male (Zmlu).
Skåne, malmö, limhamns kalkbrott 2007, (B.- W. Svensson), 1 male (Zmlu).
Reported by Tjeder (1955) from South Swe- den. The species is associated with moist for- ests (e.g. Boardman 2007). Very rare and poorly known in Finland.
Acknowledgements
I would like to show my sincere thanks and the great- est gratitude to the personnel in the Zoological muse- um, university of lund (Bo-W. Svensson, Roy Dan- ielsson, lars lundqvist, Rune Bygebjerg, Christoffer Fägerström) for their hospitality during my visit there in april 2010. Netta Dorchin (Bonn) is thanked for the loan of E. krivosheinae specimen. Yngve Brodin (uppsala) gave constructive comments and mats Jon- sell (uppsala) translated abstract and figure legends from English to Swedish. liisa Puhakka (Turku) im- proved the English of the manuscript.
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