Functional surfaces

a

c

b

Lars Baath

Functional Surfaces/MTEK

Halmstad University

Car engine vs. quasar

car engine quasar

diameter 10

AU 300 AU

mass 10

M

10

M

power 10

-10

W 10

W generated temperature 10

-10

K 10

K kinetic

10

K radiation

life time 20-40 years 10

- 10

years

distance 10

pc 10

pc

Trollhättan 2011 MTEK

Area of interest

Ring Liner

Piston ring-cylinder liner interaction

Trollhättan 2011 MTEK

Characterization (Zlate Dimkovski, MTEK)

Trollhättan 2011 MTEK

Interference measurements for studying friction and wear (Zlate Dimkovski, MTEK) Different wear regimes along the

stroke of the cylinder liners in internal combustion engines.

Stitching in a commercial interferometer

Aims:

1. Measure liner designed surface structure;

2. non-destructive (cylinder to be run again);

3. in-situ;

4. in lab: full liner in cylinder (high accuracy);

5. at factory for quality control (faster and robuster)

Trollhättan 2011 MTEK

Scale...

Cyg A 10²⁵m

Quasar 10¹⁸m

Quasar core 10¹⁴ m Galaxy super cluster 10²⁸m

Orion 10¹³m

Earth-Sun 10¹¹m

Cosmologic scale

Galactic scale

Trollhättan 2011 MTEK

Chicago from 10km

Ground from 1km Lake Michigan from 1000 km altitude

Earth-Moon 4 10⁹m

Planetary scale

Global scale

Regional scale

Scale...

Trollhättan 2011 MTEK Ground from 100m

From 10m

From 1m

At 10cm the skin pores show a new Universe

Local scale

Human scale

Scale...

Extermely small details are visible at 100x increased resolution.

At 1000x resolution a single white blood cell is visible.

At 1000 000x resolution we can study the DNA-spiral structure.

At 1cm the eye can no longer interpret the image.

Microscopic scale

Molecular scale

Scale...

Trollhättan 2011 MTEK

We have just made a journey from 10 ²⁸ m to 10 ^-9 m or

10 ³⁷ times in linear scale!

Technology exists.

BUT choice of:

 Resolution:

 Dynamic range:

 Fidelity

 Speed

Trollhättan 2011 MTEK

Trollhättan 2011 MTEK

The measurement technology is NOT the problem!

Problems are:

• Access

• Instrument vehicle

• Geometry

• Speed

Trollhättan 2011 MTEK

Trollhättan 2011 MTEK

The measurement technology is NOT the problem!

Problems are:

• Access = size

• Instrument vehicle = weight

• Geometry = interferometer/point

• Speed = area interferometer

The measurement technology is NOT the problem!

Problems are:

• Access = size

• Instrument vehicle = weight

• Geometry = interferometer/point

• Speed = area interferometer

Interferometer

Trollhättan 2011 MTEK

Mechanical design Camera and

periscope

Right angles

Vertical motor

Vertical motor support Horizontal

motor

Shelf

Cylinder holding Rot motor

Bases

Tilter

Cylinder

Trollhättan 2011 MTEK

Optic design

Mirau interferometer

Microscope Objective Lens

Reference surface

Beamsplitter

Test surface

Trollhättan 2011 MTEK

• Convert to true cylindrical coordinate system

• Stitch the pre-processed pictures

Cartesian cylindrical

Trollhättan 2011 MTEK

Azimuth angle

Y distance

Trollhättan 2011 MTEK

Project process:

• 1. Proof of concept

• 2. Speed up measurement (10-100 times) – New algorithm

– Combine with development of new measuring head

• 3. New design - mount on engine block

• 4. In-situ measurements of cylinder:

– Before – After wear

• 5. Same for can ring (same wear period)

Much left to do, but promising ...

Thanks for your attention

Lars Bååth & MTEK

Halmstad