A new speciee of Dysaphis Btirner (Hom., Aphidoidea)
from Sweden
By
H- L. G- STRoYAN
Bdrner 119{0) Saye a very slrort diagnosis of a nerv species Ncrrnurayrfti.s rrcrusA'yi from Herqcleunt in Central Europe. He later (1952) placed the spe- cies in his subgenus Annujt of l'c:ubura \{atsumura. In l9-19 Shaposhnikov described a species l'ezobura ui:erberyi front Herrcleunt siDiricrrnt iu the U.S.S.R. Stroyan 11952) described a species Sctppuphis sphorulglii fronr Hcrn- cleunt sphorulgllitrrn in Scotland. Subsequent exarnination of lhe t]'pes of ,Yecnurc2hi.s ncrusl'yi Btirner, by kind permission of Dr. Sachtlebelr of the l)eutsches Iinkrnrologisches Institut, shorved that spftondylii Slroyttn rvas a synon].rn of nerusl'yi. Both nerusA'yi aud ci:enbergi are characterized by in- varinbly alatiform apterous viviparae and even oviparle lboth morphs bear secondar-v rlrinarirr al least on rnlel)nll joint III). by the aptery of the males arrd b-v a rrronoecious associalion rvith species of Herocleutn, \either can
properll'be placed in a subgenus rvith I'e:nDurn Drnncoi B6rner. the typus srrbgeneris ol .lnrurja Btirner. and in fact it appears very dortbtful rvhether such a subgenus is called for at all.'Ihe proper plucing of both species rvould ruppear lo be in the genus Dysrrplti.s Btirner. 1931. 'l'lre net'species described hereafter is apparerrtly a third member of the nerosl'yi species-group rvithin lhe gerrus Dllxrpltis, although the biologv is as ]'et not completelv elucidated.
Dysaphis ossiarnilsroni, sp.n.
-lpterous oiuipurous /emnle. f)escribed from 22 specimens. Bodv lrom l.;5 to 2.27 mm. Iong. Facies typical of the subgenus Dy.srrphis s(n,su .srriclo.
Head nomrrrl. frons slightly sinuate, median rurd lateral promirrelces of
rou;,Jhly equ:rl height: cuticle sclerotic, brorvnish piSmented. faintl,"- relicul:rte.
Frontal hairs variable in lenilth up l() a marimum of about 52 F for tlre ventro-frontal pair. rvhich ilre acule: lhe dorso-lrurtals much shorler. up to tbout 30 tr and not \.ery acute. \'ertical hairs usualll' rather slrort. median pair of occipital hairs ahvavs verl'short and blunt, nearll' c-"*lindrical. about
8-10 g long. ()uler pair of occipilals nearly ahval's similar. but rarell' some- what longer, up to 22 g. and then rather acute. I)aired lubercles alNltvs pre- sent occipitally. .\DteDnae from ralher less [o rulher nlore thirn half lrcd1'
lenglh, processus lerminalis from 2.5 lo 3.6 X basal part of YI. 'fuberculate and often imperfectlv formed secturdary rhinuria present on joints III-II
En/!n\n. Ts. Aro. El. ll.2 l, 196A
8 ll17l
118 H. L. (;. STITO\ _\\
or III-l\'. their rrumbers ranging from i ,jG rmean 15.{i;l) on llI. from l-15
lmean 5.911 on I\'. nnd from 0-3 lmean 0.57) on \'. Hairs on aDtellnae acute bul not ver]' finely produced at apices, those on lll beill( maximallv from 20 p to ll2 [ long. or from 0.9l to 1.28 (means of l\yo samples l.lg and 1.09) X articular diameter of Ill. Pronotum with a Dreditlly divided dorsal sclerotic band. nreso- and melanolum rvith variable small scaltered scleroites.
Pronotunt llnd nresonolun sometimes rvith paired or unpaired spinal tuberc- les. Roslruur rather lorrg lsegments II-lI inclusive from 0.72 lo 0.E0 urur.
in total leni{th). apical segrnent rather long and fairly acute, from 0.l7l to 0.1E6 mm. lorrg. or up lo about I r/: X second joint of hind tarsus. and with
2 5 secondarv hairs. .{bdornen \vilh sclerotic bands across tergites 6 E in- clusive. otherrvise with only occersional small spinal scleroites surrounding ()ne or lwo of the spinnl hairs, and the usual intersegmental muscle sclerites.
Spinal abdominal hairs, apart lrom lhose of the eighth and perhaps seyeDth ter€iile, very short and blunt, those ol'the third tergite being maximall-v 5 pr to I tr long, or from 0.25 to 0.4i lme n 0.33) X articular diameler of ant. III.
Siphunculi of moderate length. tapering from a sonrervhat exp.rnded base to the apen. rvhich is rather distinctlv flanged: imbricati<xr normal. Cauda t).p- ically escutcheon-shaped. fronr a little less to a little more than half length of siphunculi, and with 5-7 hrirs. Uarginal tubercles normally present on all segments from pronotum to abd. 7, rather large and flat, those on thoracic segmenls frequently, and on rbdonrinal segments rlrely, divided or dupli- caled. Eighth abdominal tergite vith il-7 acute but not Yery finely produced hairs. of uraximal length 32-60 F. Subgenital plate u'ilh 2---{i hairs on ante- rior half and 1{-23 forming the irrel;ularlv double posterior marginal series.
First joints of tarsi with 3. 3, 2 lrlirs. For measurernents of specimens see
Table l.
.lktte Diuipurous /enrale. Described from 2 specimens. Bodv 2.14 and 2.20 nlm. long. General morphokrgv typical of Dgsrtpltis sensu sl.iclo. .{n- teDnae somewhat more than half body length, processus terminalis 3.6 to 3.8 times basal part of YL Secondary rhinaria rather proluberant, presenl on ant. lll lo f inclusive: III rvith 42-51. lY with 15-20. \' s-ith 2-3.
llairs on III maximalll' 20 g long. or 0.71 times articular diameter of joint.
.\bdominal dorsum Nith sclerolic dark hars across the spinal half of tergites
3 -8 inclusi\.e; those on 3. 7 and tl free. ihose on 4---6 fused together at their lateral extrt,mities to forn:;r smrll. rounded and much broken mid-dorsal macula. \lari;inal tubercles on abd. 2 7 inclusive also situated on rvell-
marked laleral sclerites. Spinal and plt'urnl hairs of abd..3 short and blunl.
9-10 p long, or from 0..32 Io 0.il(i X articular diaDrcler of nnt. III. Siphrrn- culi slightll'less than t\iice cauda. the latter wilh 6 hairs in both specimens seeD. Ilighth abdominal tergite with 3-5 hairs of maxinral lensth 5Hi0 F.
Srrbg;enital pltle Nith 3-5 anterior hairs and l7-18 in the posterior mar- ginal series. In olher respects similar lo npterous viviparae. For measure- ments of sllecimt ns see Table l.
Biolo11g, rlistrib ion etntl ntaterial .saudied. The t\*'o known samples of this species were collected in Sweden b1' Dr. F. Ossiannilsson of Uppsala; the first. of two alale and four apterous viviparous females (the type series), \i'as taken on Artllclico trchanllelico at Slockholm, 16.vii.lg{9r the second. of
Entom.l. Ts. .lr . E|. ll.3-r. 1960
A NE\\'SPECIES OF DYSAPIIIS BiiR\'EN FRO\I S\\ :I)E\
A
B
o c
Fig. 1. Dgs.iphis ossr'nnnr?ssoni, sp.n..l. antenna o, aplerous Iil'iparous female (holotypet;
B, head of same tcomposile dra\ring. missing hairs dra$'n in from lhose of opposile side.
ercept spinal occipilals s'hich are dra\{n in from other specimens); C. alate viviparous female (morphott-pel. abdominal pigmcnlalion. .{ and B lo upper scale, C to lo\r'er.
eighteen apterous viyipar()us females, on Angelico syluesr.i.s tt Yiiddii, UtallA.
[rppland, 26.vii.1959. ID the latter instance lhe infested planls grew b]' lhe seashore. No sexuales or fundatrices have been otrtained as yet. but lhe ver)- closc relali<rnship of the species to D. nerusAyi arrd D. oi:etrbergi nrakes it very probrble that the species rvill prole to be monoecious and holocyclic orr species of Arrglelictt-
Notes on the slides of the t)'pe series of I). ossionnils.soni indicate that the aphids rvere greenish glrey in colour when trlive, and rvere atlended bv the
ant -Losiu$ ttiger L. The type series lived on the root collar of Angeliur archangelica, rvhile the second collection was rnade from the leaf bases of .{. sylucstris.
Ttuonontg, The differences bel\veen 1). ossirrnnilssorri and D. netusA'yi
lBtirner) are ver1. small. but constant in the material so flrr seen. Thel' are
to sonre erlent parallel to those e\isting bet$'een I). rutgelictrc lKoch) and D. kruberti tlliimer) in lhe cniuegi species-group. which use the sanre pair of Umbelliferous genera as secorrdary hosls in a heteroecious c1-cle.'l'hus iu D, neuskgi the antennal hltirs and those ()f the eighth teri{ite tre lo a Sreat e\lent very acutely produced apicallv like those of D. luuberti: \yhile thost'
of ossinnnilssoni are nore abruptly poinled and on the r*'hole shorter. al- though the ranges of v.rrinlion overhp. The same tendenc!' is e\tended to the posterior cephalic and nrid-dorstrl bod..- hairs. rvhich are short and blunl
Enlotnnl. Ts. -V0.81.11.3 1, t!fi I l9
r20
\os.
\os.
II. I-, (;. STITOY-\\
Table l. Bionrclric data lor specimens of Dgsophis ossi(nnilssori, sp.u.
I 6 fronr -lngelica orchangelica, Slockholm, 16.vii.{9 lNo.4 hotolype, No. I morpho- tr-pe, \os. 2.3. 5 and 6 paratl'pes);
7-12 from .lngcric.r ryluestris, 1'ndd6, L'tana. S*'eden, 26.\'ii.59; F. Ossiannilsson leg.
All lenBths measured in millinretrcs.
ae
Flagrllar .ioint ratios
urIlY
2.20 2-t I
2.2i 1.97 1.8$
2.0i 1.81 1.8{i 2.0.i l.$7 L$l
1.8$
0.1(;5 0.t 6{r 0.176 0.182 0.r;- 6 0.r r- i
u.l tt0 0.11i6 0.186 0.132 0.180 0.17J
l5&19 2l &.20
12&ll l1&15 t0&10
-&107& i r& 3
3& :t
r& I 7& 3 3& 2
l.2l
1.20 1.00 1.05 0.9ri
0.1.10 0.13{i
0.1tl
0.t 33 0.t28
0.n;
0.118 0.91
0.124 0.120 0.t32 0.12{
0.130 o.12i 0.88
0.?1) 0.9.1
l3:25:
-[8:23r 35:21 :
38:20:
3{: l8:
:r;: 19:
30:16:
2l: 15:
31 :17:
28:ls:
33:19:
3t :17:
l8: l0 -38 0.21 0.ll 6
17 : l0 -:JG 0.18 0.10 6
15: 10 -:ll 0.21 0.ll ;
l5 : l0 - 35 0.21 0.ll 5
15: l0 + 31 0.ll 0.ll 5
L', : I + I broken r 0.20 0.10 i
11 | l0 + 28 0.22 0.011 5
t3: l0+26 0.11) 0.10 6
15 : 10 + 32 0.20 0.lo 6
1l: l0+28 0.!0 0.10 5
16: l0+32 0.21 0.10 7
l5 : l0 -t- 29 0.21 0.10 6
12&16
;l &19 2:&23 35&36 27&2,
&28 13&15
5& 5 l3&12 6& 7 I9.t l7 1t&12
2&3 I al.r'- 2+&3 I &-lapt.v.| '
2&r I '
2&o | . -&l I '0&0
0&o 0&0 0&0 1&2 I '
o&o I ,
in both species. but consislentlv lnore so in ossi(.nnilssoni than in neurs,L'yi.
'l'hese chaetotactic dilferences are summarized iu Table 2, 'l'here is also a small difference in lhe relative size of the Drargin l lubercles in the t$'o species: this is m()st pronounced <xr ubdominal segments 6 and 7, and is an average difference subject to overlap in indiridual specimens. D{rta obtained from measurement of thc maximunl diameter of the tubercles on lhe prono- lunr and abd. l-7 inclusive are surnmarized in'fable 3.
D. ui:anberqi lShaposhnikov) is distinguished from both ncrusl'gi and ossirrrrnilssoni by the fact that not onh' the dorsal bodv hairs. but also the
Spccics Origin
Ratio: Longest hairs on ant
I Ill/articular diameter of lll Ratio: Longest hairs on flbd.3T/-l ,rti.nhr diameter of ,nl lll I
No. of specimeDs
No. of specimens
Range llean Itrnge \lenn
Geaman!'
r tipes) Scotlaod
| / rocs,I
Germanl' ItJp€s I Scotland r2 locs'l.
1.39- 1.55
1.15-1.93 ,.00
0.96 t.39
0.65-0.90 0.{5-0.73 0.71-0.75
0.{6 0.87 ti
0{t 1..18
2
3{
2 10
I
18 2
0.78 0.60
2
2 10 0.73
l.l3
r .1$
0.6r-
rpt. Stockholm
, (t1-pes)
t'tro5,
al. Stocklrolm
rtypesr
0.32-0.s3 I 0.25-0.6 I
0.33 0.33 0.3{
l.t 2 1.28
0.9r 1.27
0.71
l
18 2 0
Entonkl. T s. .tru. El. ll. 3-a. 1ge0
.09
0.32 0.36
.\*umbers of secondarl rhina.ia oD joints
Table 2. Chaetotactic data for Dgsopiis nerrslyi (Bdrner) and D. os$iannr'lss.rni, sp.n.
al.
A NE\T SPECIES OT'DYSAPHIS BoRNER FRO\T SU'EDE)I 121 Table 3. \largiral lul,crclc dala for ,Usnpiis nctusl'yi lB6rnerl and I), ossi.rnrilssoni, sp.n.
a both sides measurcd: b
- one side onlv measured: c - both sides measured in 2 speci- mens; d 5 sides onh: measured: c - one spccirnen onl]'; nerl smallest \'alue {0- Species
rigi
t) GermanJ'
it1'pes)
\o. of lo.nlitics
n*o. of specinrens
I 2'
(rl
2 E,
Srvedea I Sweden
(l-types) | (2i
l' t8b
trlean bodl' length Lin mm-r l.rt 2.20 2.2n 2.05 'i!
'-!.= a
=4.=.
Pronolunr -rbd.
.i9 12 3ri 29 26
l.t l0
{6 12 39 36
3l 2l t9
30 31
75
l5
{ri 39 39 37 l,'r 23
r9,6ri
$8d 6:i 5$
5{;5i
51
l{i
:J5
69li
{6
l0l3
39 30
I
2 3{
i llean tubercle di m. per itr-
diridual (raneet for all tub.
on one o. Oo,n
"16.5. tin U)
I ({ )
2 (3)
25' 51
antelnal and lrontal hairs. are short and blunll those ou ant. Ill itre ma\im- alty E-10 p long. or from o.:li lo 0.{3 X articular dintneler of llI. in aplerae.
Alatae of ossirrnnilssoni so frr seen can be separated from those of ne.trslgi
by a similar relationship of hair lengths on antenllrte .rnd mid-nbdominil tergites (see Table 2). and b]' u much less extensile dorsal ahdominal pig- mented pattern (see Fig. 1 Cl.
-\ ke]'to apterous viviparae of the nt,ru.sl'gi group m&)'bc dravtr up as follorvs:
Hairs on third anlennal joint maximalll'Dtore than 9/10 of.rrticttlar dianreter of joint in length.
Spinal and plcural hairs of third abdominal tergite maximallt 5-9 I long,
or from 0.25 to 0.45 of articulal diameter of ant. III. trIcdian occipital hairs
8-10 p long, almost cylimlrical \yith rounded apices. On -lngelica atclnnge- Iico and -{. sglutstris . . . .. (}ssi(rnilssoni. sp.n.
Spinal and pleural hairs of third abdominal tergile nraximallJ' l2-20 r long,
or from 0.{5 to 0.90 of articular diameter of ant. III. lledian occipitrl hairs
12-25 p long, usually rvith distincll]' tapered shafts and blunl apices. On Hetacleum eusttiacum and H. sphonclglium ... nerusl'gi (Btirnerl.
Hairs on third antennal joint maximalll less than half articular dirmeler of joint in length. On Heracle m ribiricam. - - ai.enbetgi (Shaposhn. )
3 r2)
1{lr
The stalus to be allotted to these three very closely related fonrrs poses
a problem. Chaelotactically D. ai:enbergi is Iess ckrsely related to netus,ltui than is the latler to ossinnnilssoni; but biologically lhe last-nanred is the most isolated meurber of the group, since both neursl'yi and ei.enbergi li\e
orr Herqcleum species. This may perhaps be regarded as an ecological rrani- festation of the phenomenon that pairs of sympatric species often differ more
Enlomol Ts- .lry.81.ll.3 l,1 0 l{!,"{q,
ScotlaDd
_ (2)
5
lot' -
Scr)tland
I
3t-{7 32 t$
H. L. G. STNOYA\
from one another thrlr pairs of allopatric species, Specific discrimilants in the genus l)gutphis lend to be ver)' srDall, and in as much as the mutual isolation of rcursAyi and ossinnni/ssoni is virtually complete (ner.lsliyi is certainl)', and ossirrnrri/s.soni probably, moloecious, and the species are not as yet knorvn to cross-infest each olher's host plantsl, the degree of diverg- cnce betrveen lheln is probably not less than that bet\yeen D. lauberti artd D. utgeliute, rvhich share a comnlon primarl' host and are therefore not spatiallv isolated at lhe time when gamic reproducli(,n occurs. On the other hand the selection pressures operuting against hybriditv in the complex of
species trn Crataegus 1Stro1'an, 19581 rvill not be relev.rnt in the case of neru- sA'yi and o.ssiannilssoni; so until it is possible to perform experiments in crossing the t\vo la\a it is not possible to decide rvhat degree of genetic
isolation has so fur elolved betweeu thcm. For lhe present. horvever. I be-
lieve it is justifiable to describe ossionnilssoni as a lull species rather thzrn as a subspecies of nerusl'UL since the true criterion shorrld be the polentialities for natural cross-mating. and these rvould seem likely to be negligible.
Tgpe mderial. 1'he Holotlpe Iapterous viviparous female) and \lorpho- type (ahte viviparous female), toSelher \rith one alate and three apterous prral!'pes. are in the collection of Dr. F. Ossiannilsson ef flppsala. Srveden.
to whom l am deeply indebted for the opportunity to sludy and describe the material. :rnd to \yhom the species is dedicated. The type localitv is the Bergiarr Garden. Skrkholm, Su'eden; the t\-pe host is.lnqalictr archongeltcu.
Rcfctcnce€
BirRs_ER, C.. 1910. l-eue Blatlleuse aus llitteleuropa. Selbslverhg des l'erfassers. \aumburg.
- 1952. Europae ccnlrulis lphides. \IilI. Thiiring. bol. Ges., Beiheft:t l0l.
SHAposEr.'riov. G. CE.. 19.19. O polnolsikltch kormorych svrazlach llei roda Ye:abura
\.lphidoid?at s lrar')anistoi raslilel'noslid. Dokl. Akad. \auk S.S.S.R., GE, 765-6.
SrRor^li. II. L. G.. 1052- Three lie\.Species of British Aphids. Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (Bl.
21, rr7 20. Fig. ,.
- 1958. .{. (:onlribulion lo lhe Taxonoml of some British species of .Sdppapiis llatsu, nrura, 1918. J. [,inn. Soc. Lond. (Zoologyl, 49, 6l{-713.
Ellomol- T.- fryr 81. tl.3-1.1960 122
