The Construction of the Professional Identity of the TV News Presenter in Two Chinese News Programmes: A Discourse-Theoretical Analysis

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(9) Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Lecture Hall 2, Ekonomikum, Kyrkogårdsgatan 10, Uppsala, Monday, 8 June 2020 at 13:15 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Faculty examiner: Dr. Ike Picone (Department of Communication Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel). The dissertation is submitted for a double doctoral degree (programme) at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Free University of Brussels - VUB) and Uppsala University, defended at Uppsala University. Abstract Chen, Y. 2020. The Construction of the Professional Identity of the TV News Presenter in Two Chinese News Programmes: A Discourse-Theoretical Analysis. Uppsala Studies in Media and Communication 14. 325 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-513-0951-4. This PhD research project investigates how the professional identity of the Chinese TV news presenter is constructed in two news programmes, Guangdong News and TVS News, both based at Guangdong TV. The overarching theoretical framework of the project takes its inspiration from Laclau and Mouffe's (1985) post-structuralist discourse theory (DT). Drawing upon the DT ontological perspective in particular, the professional identity of the TV news presenter – labelled the subject position in DT – is seen to be discursively constructed, obtaining its meaning through the articulatory practice of nodal points. The study is set within the dual contexts of societal transformations of China, and its changing media industry. This research argues that the TV news presenter's professional identity is a discourse, constructed through the articulation of four particular nodal points, in the discursive field of Chinese news production. These nodal points are: 1) mastering professional knowledge; 2) holding journalistic values; 3) being a storyteller; and 4) being a Party’s ideologist. After analysing these four nodal points, the research then addresses their specificity, contingency, and complexity, and provides a normative evaluation of these four nodal points and their articulations into a discourse. Methodologically, the research adopts a qualitative approach through discourse-theoretical analysis (DTA, Carpentier and De Cleen, 2007). This approach is implemented through the empirical case study of the two TV news programmes (Guangdong News and TVS News) in a southern Chinese news centre, Guangdong TV. The collection and analysis of the research corpus involves two parts: The first part of the corpus consists of a one-year systematic sample of 50 news episodes from the two news programmes. The second part of the corpus results from ethnographic fieldwork (participant observations and in-depth interviews) in the Guangdong TV newsroom. The entire data analysis is driven by the use of DTA, which is supported by the procedures of qualitative content analysis and ethnographic analysis. The case study on the articulatory practice of the presenter’s subject position provides insights into the complexities of identity construction, but also allows reflection on the bigger picture of the societal positioning of the news industry in contemporary China. Keywords: Discourse theory, Discourse-theoretical analysis, the TV news presenter, professional identity construction, articulation, nodal points, Chinese journalistic practice Yiming Chen, Department of Informatics and Media, Kyrkogårdsg. 10, Uppsala University, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden. Department of Communication Sciences, Pleinlaan 2, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. © Yiming Chen 2020 ISSN 1651-4777 ISBN 978-91-513-0951-4 urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-408687 (http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-408687).

(10) Abstract Chen, Y. 2020. The Construction of the Professional Identity of the TV News Presenter in Two Chinese News Programmes: A Discourse-Theoretical Analysis. Uppsala Studies in Media and Communication 14. 325 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-513-0951-4. Denna avhandling undersöker hur den professionella identiteten hos nyhetspresentatörer på TV är konstruerad i två kinesiska nyhetsprogram, Guangdong News och TVS News, båda vid Guangdong TV. Projektets övergripande teoretiska ramverk är inspirerat av Laclau och Mouffes (1985) post-strukturalistiska diskursteori (DT). Med utgångspunkt från det ontologiska perspektivet i DT kan nyhetspresentatörernas professionella identitet – kallad subjektpositionen i DT – ses som diskursivt konstruerad, och ges mening genom artikulatorisk praktik av nodalpunkter. Studiens tvådelade kontext är dels Kinas sociala förändring och dels den föränderliga medieindustrin. Avhandlingen argumenterar för att den professionella identiteten hos nyhetspresentatörer på TV är en diskurs, som konstrueras genom artikulering av fyra partikulära nodalpunkter inom den kinesiska nyhetsproduktionens diskursiva fält. Dessa nodalpunkter är: 1) att behärska professionell kunskap; 2) att upprätthålla journalistiska värderingar; 3) att vara en berättare och 4) att vara en partiideolog. Efter att ha analyserat dessa fyra nodalpunkter behandlar avhandlingen deras specifika drag, deras kontingens och komplexitet samt gör en normativ bedömning av de fyra nodalpunkternas artikulation till en diskurs. Metodologiskt har forskningen ett kvalitativt angreppssätt genom användningen av diskursteoretisk analys (DTA, Carpentier och De Cleen, 2007). Detta angreppssätt används för den empiriska fallstudien av de två TV-nyhetsprogrammen (Guangdong News och TVS News) vid det sydkinesiska nyhetscentret Guangdong TV. Insamlingen och analysen av forskningskorpuset innefattar två delar: Den första delen av korpuset består av ett systematiskt urval av 50 nyhetsprogram av de två nyhetsprogrammen sända under ett år. Den andra delen av korpuset är resultatet av etnografiskt fältarbete (deltagande observation och djupintervjuer) på Guangdong TV:s redaktioner. Analysen av data görs med användning av DTA, stödd av metoder för kvalitativ innehållsanalys och etnografisk analys. Denna fallstudie av hur subjektpositionen hos nyhetspresentatörer på TV artikuleras ger insikt i identitetskonstruktioners komplexitet, men den möjliggör även mer allmänna reflektioner över nyhetsindustrin i det samtida Kina och dess samhälleliga placering..

(11) Abstract Chen, Y. 2020. The Construction of the Professional Identity of the TV News Presenter in Two Chinese News Programmes: A Discourse-Theoretical Analysis. Uppsala Studies in Media and Communication 14. 325 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-513-0951-4. Dit promotieonderzoek bestudeert de constructie van de professionele identiteit van een Chinese tv-nieuwspresentator in twee nieuwsprogramma's, Guangdong News en TVS News, die allebei op Guangdong TV gestationeerd zijn. Het algemeen theoretisch kader van het project is geïnspireerd op de poststructuralistische discourstheorie (DT) van Laclau en Mouffe (1985). Met name vanuit het ontologische perspectief van DT wordt de professionele identiteit van de tv-nieuwspresentator (die in DT de subjectpositie wordt genoemd) als discursief geconstrueerd gezien, waarbij betekenis wordt gegenereerd door articulerende praktijken van knooppunten. In de studie wordt de tweeledige context van de maatschappelijke transformaties van China en zijn veranderende media-industrie in ogenschouw genomen. Dit onderzoek stelt dat de professionele identiteit van de tv-nieuwspresentator een discours is, geconstrueerd door de articulatie van vier specifieke knooppunten in het discursieve veld van de Chinese nieuwsproductie. Deze knooppunten zijn: 1) professionele kennis beheersen; 2) journalistieke waarden hebben; 3) verhalen kunnen vertellen; en 4) een ideoloog van de Partij zijn. Na een analyse van deze vier knooppunten worden vervolgens de specificiteit, de contingentie en de complexiteit onderzocht en wordt een normatieve evaluatie uitgevoerd van deze knooppunten en hun articulatie in een discours. Methodologisch gaat het onderzoek uit van een kwalitatieve benadering door toepassing van een discourstheoretische analyse (DTA, Carpentier en De Cleen, 2007). Deze benadering wordt toegepast door middel van een empirische gevalstudie van de twee tv-nieuwsprogramma's (Guangdong News en TVS News) in een Zuid-Chinees nieuwscentrum, Guangdong TV. Het verzamelen en analyseren van het wetenschappelijk corpus verloopt in twee fasen: het eerste deel van het corpus bestaat uit een eenjarige systematische steekproef van 50 nieuwsuitzendingen van de twee nieuwsprogramma's. Het tweede deel van het corpus is het resultaat van etnografisch veldwerk (observaties van deelnemers en diepte-interviews) in de redactiekamer van Guangdong TV. De volledige gegevensanalyse wordt gestuurd door het gebruik van de DTA en technisch ondersteund met de procedures voor kwalitatieve inhoudsanalyse en etnografische analyse. De gevalstudie over de articulerende praktijken op de subjectpositie van de presentator geeft waardevolle inzichten in de complexiteit van de identiteitsconstructie en maakt het ook mogelijk om de complexe maatschappelijke positionering van de nieuwsindustrie in het hedendaagse China in een breder perspectief te plaatsen..

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(59)

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(107)

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