Nordic Statistics 2017

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Nordic

Statistics

2017

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Kolofon

Nordic Statistics 2017

Ed: Klaus Munch Haagensen, Statistics Denmark Ulla Agerskov, Nordic Council of Ministers

Database: Troels A. Vestergaard, Statistics Denmark ANP 2017:748 ISBN 978-92-893-5100-3 (PRINT) ISBN 978-92-893-5101-0 (PDF) ISBN 978-92-893-5102-7 (EPUB) ISSN 2414-6609 (ONLINE) ISSN 2414-6595 (PRINT) http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/ANP2017-748 © Nordic Council of Ministers 2017 Layout: Mette Agger Tang Print: Arco Specialtrykkeriet Printed in Denmark NO RDI CSWAN ECO_LA B_E L P_R IN_TE D MATTER 541-6 18 Nordic co-operation

Nordic co-operation is one of the world’s most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland.

Nordic co-operation has firm traditions in politics, the economy, and culture. It plays an important role in European and international collaboration, and aims at creating a strong Nordic community in a strong Europe.

Nordic co-operation seeks to safeguard Nordic and regional interests and principles in the global community. Shared Nordic values help the region solidify its position as one of the world’s most innovative and competitive.

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Nordic Statistics

2017

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More statistics on

www.norden.org/facts

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Preface

Although small individually, the importance of the Nordic

countries as a group is considerable. Did you know that

the combined gross domestic product of the Nordic Region

makes it the world’s twelfth largest economy? Or even that

the Nordic Region is bigger than the whole of India, making

it the seventh largest landmass in the world?

This pocket edition of Nordic Statistics 2017 offers a

glimpse into the data that helps to paint a picture of our

Nordic society – for example, that every resident of Iceland

visits the theatre twice as often as those living in Denmark,

Norway and Sweden.

For more information on this data, please visit

www.norden.org/facts for links to Nordic Statistics and

for more data that opens the door to countless fascinating

analyses.

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Symbols

Nil

-Less than half

0 Not applicable

.

Data not available

..

Link to database

:

Country codes

Denmark

DK

Faroe Islands

FO

Greenland

GL

Finland

FI

Åland

AX

Iceland

IS

Norway

NO

Sweden

SE

Nordic Region

NR

Euro area

EA

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Contents / themes

The Nordics ...8

The Nordic Region in an international context ... 10

Nordic green ... 16

Gender, business and work... 24

Nordic welfare ... 30

Children and young people ... 38

Innovation and creativity ... 48

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Sweden

Area km2_447,435

Population 9,995,153

Status Constitutional monarchy

Head of state King Carl XVI Gustav

Capital population 2,269,060 (Stockholm)

Denmark

Area km2_42,926

Head of state Queen Margrethe II

Capital population 1,295,686 (Copenhagen)

Greenland

Area km2 _2,166,086

Population 55,860

Status Home rule within the Kingdom of Denmark

Capital population 17,600 (Nuuk)

Faroe Islands

Area km2_1,396

Population 49,864

Status Home rule within the Kingdom of Denmark

Capital population 20,885 (Tórshavn)

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Finland

Area km2 _{338 430}

Status Republic

Head of state President Sauli Niinistö

Capital population 1,138,502 (Helsinki)

Iceland

Area km2 _103,492

Population 338,349

Status Republic

Head of state President Guðni Jóhannesson

Capital population 216,878 (Reykjavik)

Åland

Area km2_1,581

Population 29,214

Status Home rule within the Republic of Finland

Head of state President Sauli Niinistö

Capital population 11,565 (Mariehamn)

Norway

Area km2_323,781

Head of state King Harald V

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10 ECONOMY

KEY FIGURES 2016*

The Nordic Region

in an international

context

*2016 or most recent accessible data. In this table, the Nordic Region consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Purchasing power standards (PPS) are designed to eliminate differences in price levels between the member states.

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ECONOMY 11 EU NORDIC REGION JAPAN US

7.2%

24.0%

11.6%

16.9%

Land use

FOREST AREA ARABLE LAND

9,832

378 4,307

1,138

56.4%

37.6%

68.5%

33.9%

TOTAL LAND AREA 1,000 KM2

11 2

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12 ECONOMY

Population

million

NORDIC REGION

27

EU

510

JAPAN

127

UNITED STATES

321

NORDIC REGION

17

EU

118

JAPAN

348

UNITED STATES

35 Density

inhabitants/km²

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ECONOMY 13 EU THE NORDIC REGION JAPAN US

1.9

1.4

1.6

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.8

EU

NORDIC REGION JAPAN US

Total fertility rate

Life expectancy

Years

75 80 85 90

Women

75 80 85 90

Men

THE NORDIC REGION EU JAPAN US

Life expectancy

years

● US, 76.4 ● EU, 77.9 ● NORDIC REGION, 79.8 ● JAPAN, 80.8

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14 ECONOMY EU NORDIC REGION JAPAN US

2.0

1.9

1.0

1.6 GDP

GDP PER CAPITA PPS, USD GDP GROWTH %

18,569

5,287

19,904

1,362

50,693

38,918

40,737

56,066

TOTAL GDP BILLION PPS, USD

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ECONOMY 15 NORDIC EU JAPAN US REGION US EU

Taxes

% of GDP

NORDIC REGION JAPAN

42

37

32

26 2,273

2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0

423 2,016

622

627 1,510

365 1,859

Exports / imports

billion USD

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16

Since 2000, the Nordic economies have

grown 28% and CO

₂

emissions have

fallen by 18%.

PHO

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17

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18 NORDIC GREEN

Nordic Green

Average temperature in the Nordic capitals  Temp01. Iceland: 1997–2016. ‐2 0 2 4 6 8 10 DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE Average 1961–1990 Average 1990–2016  Celsius Greenhouse gas emissions, per capita  Emis11 and Popu02 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 DK FI IS NO SE NR EU28 1990 2000 2015 CO2equivalents, tonnes Decoupling environmental impact from economic growth  Emis11 and Naac01 80 90 100 110 120 130 GDP Greenhouse gas emissions Nordic Region 2000=100 + 28 % - 18 % Decoupling environmental impact from economic growth  Emis11 and Naac01 80 90 100 110 120 130 GDP Greenhouse gas emissions 2000=100 EU28 + 21 % - 16 %

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NORDIC GREEN 19

Nordic Green

Average temperature in the Nordic capitals  Temp01. Iceland: 1997–2016. ‐2 0 2 4 6 8 10 DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE Average 1961–1990 Average 1990–2016  Celsius Greenhouse gas emissions, per capita  Emis11 and Popu02 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 DK FI IS NO SE NR EU28 1990 2000 2015 CO2equivalents, tonnes Decoupling environmental impact from economic growth  Emis11 and Naac01 80 90 100 110 120 130 GDP Greenhouse gas emissions Nordic Region 2000=100 + 28 % - 18 % Decoupling environmental impact from economic growth  Emis11 and Naac01 80 90 100 110 120 130 GDP Greenhouse gas emissions 2000=100 EU28 + 21 % - 16 %

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20 NORDIC GREEN

Renewable Energy 2015

% gross final energy consumption

DA FI IS NO SE EU

30.8

39.3

70.2 _69.4

53.9

16.7

20 NORDIC GREEN

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NORDIC GREEN 21 Biomass and renewable waste Denmark Greenland Finland Iceland Norway Sweden Nordic total EU28 Solar energy Denmark Greenland Finland Iceland Norway Sweden Nordic total EU28 Wind power Denmark Greenland Finland Iceland Norway Sweden Nordic total EU28 Hydro power Denmark Greenland Finland Iceland Norway Sweden Nordic total EU28

Renewable Energy 2015

% total gross energy consumption

Geothermal energy Denmark 0% 100% Greenland Finland Iceland Norway Sweden Nordic total EU28

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22 NORDIC GREEN Environmental taxes  Envtx01 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Nordic Region

2005 Nordic Region2015 EU282005 EU282015 Energy taxes Transport taxes Pollution and resource taxes % of total taxes Gross domestic energy consumption by source 2015  Ener05 7% 29% 8% 16% 40% 0% Coal Oil Gas Nuclear power Renewable energy Other Nordic Region Gross domestic energy consumption by source 2015  Ener05 16% 34% 22% 14% 13% 1% Coal Oil Gas Nuclear power Renewable energy Other EU28

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NORDIC GREEN 23 Environmental taxes  Envtx01 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Nordic Region

2005 Nordic Region2015 EU282005 EU282015 Energy taxes Transport taxes Pollution and resource taxes % of total taxes Gross domestic energy consumption by source 2015  Ener05 7% 29% 8% 16% 40% 0% Coal Oil Gas Nuclear power Renewable energy Other Nordic Region Gross domestic energy consumption by source 2015  Ener05 16% 34% 22% 14% 13% 1% Coal Oil Gas Nuclear power Renewable energy Other EU28

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24

In the Nordic Region, 7 out of 10 women

are in work. The comparable figure for

the EU is 5 out of 10.

PHO

TO: UNSPL

A

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25

Gender, business

and work

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26 GENDER, BUSINESS AND WORK Unemployment rates 2016  Work02. Greenland and Åland: 2015. 0 2 4 6 8 10 DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE NR EU28 Men Women % of age group 15–64 54% 46% Men Women EU28 All employed by gender 2016  Work02 52% 48% Men Women Nordic Region

Gender, business

and work

Employment rates 2016  Work02. Greenland: 2014. Åland: 2015. 0 20 40 60 80 100 DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE NR EU28 Men Women % of age group 15–64

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GENDER, BUSINESS AND WORK 27 54% 46% Men Women EU28 All employed by gender 2016  Work02 52% 48% Men Women Nordic Region

Gender, business

and work

Employment rates 2016  Work02. Greenland: 2014. Åland: 2015. 0 20 40 60 80 100 DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE NR EU28 Men Women % of age group 15–64

Gender wage gap

%

NORDIC

REGION EU28

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28 GENDER, BUSINESS AND WORK Board members of larger publicly listed companies 2015

 Labo08 0 20 40 60 80 100 DK FI IS NO SE EU28 Women Men % Proportion of employed who are also employers 2015  Labo09 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 DK FI IS NO SE Women Men % Parental leave  Soci04 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 DK FI IS NO SE 2000 2015 % of total days taken by men

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GENDER, BUSINESS AND WORK 29

DENMARK FINLAND ICELAND NORWAY SWEDEN

10

11

30

21

27 Share of parental leave taken by fathers

%

Board members of larger publicly listed companies 2015

 Labo08 0 20 40 60 80 100 DK FI IS NO SE EU28 Women Men % Proportion of employed who are also employers 2015  Labo09 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 DK FI IS NO SE Women Men % Parental leave  Soci04 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 DK FI IS NO SE 2000 2015 % of total days taken by men

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30

Average life expectancy for women has

risen from 74 in the 1960s to 84 now.

PHO

TO: NORDEN.

ORG /

YADID LEV

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31

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32 NORDIC WELFARE

Nordic welfare

Gini coefficient  Gini01. Faroe Islands: 2009 and 2014. Åland: 2014. 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE EU28 2005 2015 Risk of poverty 2016

 Riop01. Iceland and EU28: 2015. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 DK FI IS NO SE EU28 Single parent with dependent children Two or more adults with dependent children % of households Recipients of financial social assistance  Soci12. Finland: 2015=2014. 0 1 2 3 4 DK FO FI IS NO SE 2005 2010 2015 % of population aged 18+ Social expenditure by source 2014  Soex06 0 20 40 60 80 100 DK FO FI IS NO SE Public authorities Employers Insured Other means % of total expenditure

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NORDIC WELFARE 33

Nordic welfare

Gini coefficient  Gini01. Faroe Islands: 2009 and 2014. Åland: 2014. 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE EU28 2005 2015 Risk of poverty 2016

 Riop01. Iceland and EU28: 2015. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 DK FI IS NO SE EU28 Single parent with dependent children Two or more adults with dependent children % of households Recipients of financial social assistance  Soci12. Finland: 2015=2014. 0 1 2 3 4 DK FO FI IS NO SE 2005 2010 2015 % of population aged 18+ Social expenditure by source 2014  Soex06 0 20 40 60 80 100 DK FO FI IS NO SE Public authorities Employers Insured Other means % of total expenditure

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34 NORDIC WELFARE Elderly population (aged 65+)  Popu06 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE EU28 % of total population Number of deaths from cancer 2014

 Heal03 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE Men Women Per 100,000 Total fertility rate 2016  Chil02. Greenland: 2015 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE NR EU28 Life expectancy 2016  Life01. Greenland, Åland and EU28: 2015 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE NR EU28 Men Women Years

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NORDIC WELFARE 35 Elderly population (aged 65+)  Popu06 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE EU28 % of total population Number of deaths from cancer 2014

 Heal03 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE Men Women Per 100,000 Total fertility rate 2016  Chil02. Greenland: 2015 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE NR EU28 Life expectancy 2016  Life01. Greenland, Åland and EU28: 2015 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE NR EU28 Men Women Years

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36 NORDIC WELFARE Asylum requests in the Nordic Region 2016  Migr04 24% 11% 2% 7% 56% DK FI IS NO SE % of total Asylum requests and asylum granted in the Nordic Region

 Migr04 0 50.000 100.000 150.000 200.000 250.000 Requests Granted Emigration from the Nordic Region 2016  Migr02 25% 8% 26% 4% 9% 2% 10% 16% Intra‐Nordic Poland and the Baltic countries Other EEA Other Europe America Africa Asia Other Immigration to the Nordic Region 2016  Migr01 12% 9% 19% 8% 5% 8% 36% 3% Intra‐Nordic Poland and the Baltic countries Other EEA Other Europe America Africa Asia Other

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NORDIC WELFARE 37 Asylum requests in the Nordic Region 2016  Migr04 24% 11% 2% 7% 56% DK FI IS NO SE % of total Asylum requests and asylum granted in the Nordic Region

 Migr04 0 50.000 100.000 150.000 200.000 250.000 Requests Granted Emigration from the Nordic Region 2016  Migr02 25% 8% 26% 4% 9% 2% 10% 16% Intra‐Nordic Poland and the Baltic countries Other EEA Other Europe America Africa Asia Other Immigration to the Nordic Region 2016  Migr01 12% 9% 19% 8% 5% 8% 36% 3% Intra‐Nordic Poland and the Baltic countries Other EEA Other Europe America Africa Asia Other

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38

Nordic schoolchildren score above

average in the PISA rankings for

reading, mathematics and natural

science.

PHO

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39

Children and

young people

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40 CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE

Children and

young people

Children in day care aged 3–5  Chil03. Denmark: 2014. Finland and Iceland: 2015. 0 20 40 60 80 100 DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE 2005 2016 % of age group

Most popular names – newborn 2016

Sofia

Nivi

Anna

Sofia

Alice

Emilia

Nora

Alice

Noah

Inuk

Benjamin

Onni

Leon

Aron

William

Oscar

DENMARK GREENLAND FAROE ISLANDS FINLAND ÅLAND ICELAND (2015) NORWAY SWEDEN Increase in annual equivalised income from 2005 to 2015  Inco02 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 DK FI IS NO SE Total, all household types Single person with dependent children % increase

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CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 41

Children and

young people

Children in day care aged 3–5  Chil03. Denmark: 2014. Finland and Iceland: 2015. 0 20 40 60 80 100 DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE 2005 2016 % of age group Increase in annual equivalised income from 2005 to 2015  Inco02 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 DK FI IS NO SE Total, all household types Single person with dependent children % increase

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42 CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE Student performance by literacy, PISA 2015

Reading literacy Mathematical literacy Scientific literacy Canada 527 Japan 532 Japan 538

Finland 526 Korea, Republic of 524 Estonia 534 Ireland 521 Switzerland 521 Finland 531

Estonia 519 Estonia 520 Canada 528 Korea, Republic of 517 Canada 516 Korea, Republic of 516 Japan 516 Netherlands 512 Slovenia 513 Norway 513 Finland 511 New Zealand 513 Germany 509 Denmark 511 Australia 510 New Zealand 509 Slovenia 510 Netherlands 509 Poland 506 Belgium 507 Germany 509 Slovenia 505 Germany 506 United Kingdom 509 Australia 503 Ireland 504 Switzerland 506 Netherlands 503 Poland 504 Ireland 503

Denmark 500 Norway 502 Denmark 502

Sweden 500 Austria 497 Belgium 502

Belgium 499 New Zealand 495 Poland 501 France 499 Australia 494 Portugal 501 Portugal 498 Sweden 494 Norway 498 United Kingdom 498 France 493 United States 496 United States 497 Portugal 492 Austria 495 Spain 496 United Kingdom 492 France 495 OECD average 493 Czech Republic 492 Sweden 493

Switzerland 492 OECD average 490 Czech Republic 493 Latvia 488 Italy 490 OECD average 493 Czech Republic 487 Iceland 488 Spain 493 Austria 485 Spain 486 Latvia 490 Italy 485 Luxembourg 486 Luxembourg 483

Iceland 482 Latvia 482 Italy 481

Luxembourg 481 Faroe Islands 482 Hungary 477 Israel 479 Hungary 477 Iceland 473

Faroe Islands 470 Slovak Republic 475 Israel 467 Hungary 470 United States 470 Slovak Republic 461 Greece 467 Israel 470 Greece 455 Chile 459 Greece 454 Chile 447 Slovak Republic 453 Chile 423 Faroe Islands 446 Turkey 428 Turkey 420 Turkey 425 Mexico 423 Mexico 408 Mexico 416

 Pisa01

Student performance

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CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 43 MATHEMATICS SCIENCE OECD AVERAGE

493 PISA 2015

500

526

482

513

500

DENMARK OECD AVERAGE OECD AVERAGE

FINLAND ICELAND NORWAY SWEDEN

511

488

502

494

502

531

473

498

493

READING

493

490

Student performance by literacy, PISA 2015

Reading literacy Mathematical literacy Scientific literacy Canada 527 Japan 532 Japan 538

Finland 526 Korea, Republic of 524 Estonia 534 Ireland 521 Switzerland 521 Finland 531

Estonia 519 Estonia 520 Canada 528 Korea, Republic of 517 Canada 516 Korea, Republic of 516 Japan 516 Netherlands 512 Slovenia 513 Norway 513 Finland 511 New Zealand 513 Germany 509 Denmark 511 Australia 510 New Zealand 509 Slovenia 510 Netherlands 509 Poland 506 Belgium 507 Germany 509 Slovenia 505 Germany 506 United Kingdom 509 Australia 503 Ireland 504 Switzerland 506 Netherlands 503 Poland 504 Ireland 503

Denmark 500 Norway 502 Denmark 502

Sweden 500 Austria 497 Belgium 502

Belgium 499 New Zealand 495 Poland 501 France 499 Australia 494 Portugal 501 Portugal 498 Sweden 494 Norway 498 United Kingdom 498 France 493 United States 496 United States 497 Portugal 492 Austria 495 Spain 496 United Kingdom 492 France 495 OECD average 493 Czech Republic 492 Sweden 493

Switzerland 492 OECD average 490 Czech Republic 493 Latvia 488 Italy 490 OECD average 493 Czech Republic 487 Iceland 488 Spain 493 Austria 485 Spain 486 Latvia 490 Italy 485 Luxembourg 486 Luxembourg 483

Iceland 482 Latvia 482 Italy 481

Luxembourg 481 Faroe Islands 482 Hungary 477 Israel 479 Hungary 477 Iceland 473

Faroe Islands 470 Slovak Republic 475 Israel 467 Hungary 470 United States 470 Slovak Republic 461 Greece 467 Israel 470 Greece 455 Chile 459 Greece 454 Chile 447 Slovak Republic 453 Chile 423 Faroe Islands 446 Turkey 428 Turkey 420 Turkey 425 Mexico 423 Mexico 408 Mexico 416

 Pisa01

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44 CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE Higher education students 2015  Educ02 and Popu02. Greenland: 2012. Åland: Includes only students at Åland University of Applied Sci‐ ences. Sweden: 2014. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 DK GL FI AX IS NO SE % of age group 20–39 Higher education students  Educ02 and Popu02 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2000 2005 2015 Men Women % of age group 20–39, Nordic Region Nordic students in other Nordic countries 2016  Educ05 0 20 40 60 80 100 DK FI AX IS NO SE NR Denmark Finland Iceland Norway Sweden %

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CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 45 Higher education students 2015  Educ02 and Popu02. Greenland: 2012. Åland: Includes only students at Åland University of Applied Sci‐ ences. Sweden: 2014. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 DK GL FI AX IS NO SE % of age group 20–39 Higher education students  Educ02 and Popu02 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2000 2005 2015 Men Women % of age group 20–39, Nordic Region ICELAND

Students abroad

% studying in another Nordic country

DENMARK FINLAND NORWAY SWEDEN

24

38

21

12

Nordic students in other Nordic countries 2016  Educ05 0 20 40 60 80 100 DK FI AX IS NO SE NR Denmark Finland Iceland Norway Sweden %

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46 CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE Youth unemployment  Work02 0 5 10 15 20 25

Total Men Women Total Men Women Nordic Region EU28

2000 2016 % of age group 15–24

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CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 47 Youth unemployment  Work02 0 5 10 15 20 25

Total Men Women Total Men Women Nordic Region EU28

2000 2016 % of age group 15–24

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48

In all of the Nordic countries, the

proportion of employees involved in

research and development is higher

than in the rest of Europe.

PHO

TO: UNSPL

A

(49)

49

Innovation

and creativity

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50 INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY

Innovation and creativity

R&D staff  Rede04. Iceland: 2000=2003. Norway and Sweden: 2000=2001. EU28: 2000=2002. 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 DK FI IS NO SE EU28 2000 2007 2015 % of total employment Total government expenditure on R&D  Rede01. Norway and Sweden: 2000=2001. 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 DK FI IS NO SE EU28 2000 2007 2015 % of GDP New enterprises  Entp02 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Nordic Region Germany United Kingdom USA Australia Index 2006=100 Patents 2016  Pate01 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 DK FI IS NO SE EU28 Patent applications Patents issued Per million inhabitants

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INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY 51

Innovation and creativity

R&D staff  Rede04. Iceland: 2000=2003. Norway and Sweden: 2000=2001. EU28: 2000=2002. 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 DK FI IS NO SE EU28 2000 2007 2015 % of total employment Total government expenditure on R&D  Rede01. Norway and Sweden: 2000=2001. 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 DK FI IS NO SE EU28 2000 2007 2015 % of GDP New enterprises  Entp02 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Nordic Region Germany United Kingdom USA Australia Index 2006=100 Patents 2016  Pate01 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 DK FI IS NO SE EU28 Patent applications Patents issued Per million inhabitants

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52 INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY Employment in the culture sector  Cult23 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 DK FI IS NO SE EU28 % of total employment Public spending on culture and leisure 2015  Cult20. Faroe Islands: 2013. Greenland: 2012. 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 DK FO GL FI IS NO SE EU28 Euros per capita Public spending on culture and leisure  Cult20 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 DK FO GL FI IS NO SE EU28 Index 2005=100 Film premières 2016  Cult05 23% 25% 6% 17% 29% DK FI IS NO SE % of Nordic total

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INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY 53 Employment in the culture sector  Cult23 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 DK FI IS NO SE EU28 % of total employment Public spending on culture and leisure 2015  Cult20. Faroe Islands: 2013. Greenland: 2012. 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 DK FO GL FI IS NO SE EU28 Euros per capita Public spending on culture and leisure  Cult20 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 DK FO GL FI IS NO SE EU28 Index 2005=100 Film premières 2016  Cult05 23% 25% 6% 17% 29% DK FI IS NO SE % of Nordic total

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54 INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY Film premières 2016  Cult05 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 DK FO GL FI IS NO SE National Foreign Number Theatre visits 2016  Cult15. Finland: 2015. Iceland: 2014. Sweden: 2010. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 DK FO GL FI IS NO SE Visits per 100 inhabitants

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INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY 55 Film premières 2016  Cult05 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 DK FO GL FI IS NO SE National Foreign Number Theatre visits 2016  Cult15. Finland: 2015. Iceland: 2014. Sweden: 2010. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 DK FO GL FI IS NO SE Visits per 100 inhabitants

(56)

56

About one fifth of the foreign trade in

the Nordic countries is trade with other

Nordic countries.

PHO

TO: UNSPL

A

(57)

57

(58)

58

KEY FIGURES 2016

Economy

Unemployment

%

DENMARK

6.3

FINLAND

9.0

ICELAND

3.1

NORWAY

4.9

SWEDEN

8.4

ECONOMY

(59)

59

Balance of payments

surplus % of GDP

Interest rate

%

Public sector surplus

% of GDP

Inflation

2015-2016, %

Economic growth

%

1.3

8.2

0.3 -0.9

0.3

1.4 -1.1

0.4 -1.9

0.4

7.2

7.9

2.8

12.6

0.8

1.0

4.9

1.3

3.1

3.9

3.3

4.7

0.5

0.9

1.1

ECONOMY

(60)

60 ECONOMY

Economy

GDP – real annual growth  Naac02. EA19: The 19 EU member states that had adopted the euro as their sole legal tender by 1 January 2015. ‐10 ‐5 0 5 10 15 DK FI IS NO SE EA19 % GDP per capita  Naac04. PPS: Purchasing Power Standard, which eliminates price differences between the countries. 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000 DK FI AX IS NO SE EA19 PPS/euros per capita GDP and food prices 2016  Pric03

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 DK FI IS NO SE EU28 GDP Food EU28=100 House prices

 Pric05 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 DK FO FI IS NO SE Index 2000=100

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ECONOMY 61

Economy

GDP – real annual growth  Naac02. EA19: The 19 EU member states that had adopted the euro as their sole legal tender by 1 January 2015. ‐10 ‐5 0 5 10 15 DK FI IS NO SE EA19 % GDP per capita  Naac04. PPS: Purchasing Power Standard, which eliminates price differences between the countries. 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000 DK FI AX IS NO SE EA19 PPS/euros per capita GDP and food prices 2016  Pric03

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 DK FI IS NO SE EU28 GDP Food EU28=100 House prices

 Pric05 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 DK FO FI IS NO SE Index 2000=100

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62 ECONOMY Exports to Nordic countries  Fotr49 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 2527 DK FI IS NO SE % of total exports Imports from Nordic countries  Fotr49

16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 DK FI IS NO SE % of total imports Trade balance of goods – exports minus imports  Fotr49 and Naac01 ‐20 ‐15 ‐10 ‐5 0 5 10 15 20 DK FI IS NO SE % of GDP

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ECONOMY 63 Exports to Nordic countries  Fotr49 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 DK FI IS NO SE % of total exports Imports from Nordic countries  Fotr49

16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 DK FI IS NO SE % of total imports Trade balance of goods – exports minus imports  Fotr49 and Naac01 ‐20 ‐15 ‐10 ‐5 0 5 10 15 20 DK FI IS NO SE % of GDP

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Nordic Council of Ministers Nordens Hus Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen K www.norden.org ANP2017-748 ISBN 978-92-893-5100-3 (PRINT) ISBN 978-92-893-5101-0 (PDF) ISBN 978-92-893-5102-7 (EPUB) ISSN 2414-6609 (ONLINE) ISSN 2414-6595 (PRINT)