Nordic Statistics 2016

Nordic

Statistics

2016

2

Nordic Statistics 2016

Ed: Klaus Munch Haagensen, Statistics Denmark Ulla Agerskov, Nordic Council of Ministers

Database: Troels A. Vestergaard, Statistics Denmark ANP 2016:761 ISBN 978-92-893-4692-4 (PRINT) ISBN 978-92-893-4693-1 (PDF) http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/ANP2016-761 ISSN 2414-6609 (ONLINE) ISSN 2414-6595 (PRINT)

© Nordic Council of Ministers 2016 Photo: Scanpix

Print: Rosendahls Copies: 1,000 Printed in Denmark

Nordic co-operation

Nordic co-operation is one of the world’s most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland.

Nordic co-operation has firm traditions in politics, the economy, and culture. It plays an important role in European and international collaboration, and aims at creating a strong Nordic community in a strong Europe.

Nordic co-operation seeks to safeguard Nordic and regional interests and principles in the global community. Common Nordic values help the region solidify its position as one of the world’s most innovative and competitive.

3

Nordic Statistics

2016

4

More statistics on

www.norden.org/facts

5

Preface

Although small individually, the importance of the Nordic

countries as a group is considerable. Did you know that

the combined gross domestic product of the Nordic Region

makes it the world’s twelfth largest economy? Or even that

the Nordic Region is bigger than the whole of India, making

it the seventh largest landmass in the world?

This pocket edition of Nordic Statistics 2016 offers a

glimpse into the data that helps to paint a picture of our

Nordic society – for example that every resident of Iceland

visits the theatre twice as often as those living in Denmark,

Norway and Sweden.

For more information on this data, please visit

www.norden.org/facts for links to Nordic Statistics

and for more data that opens the door to countless

fascinating analyses.

6

Symbols

Nil

-Less than half

0

Not applicable

.

Data not available

..

Link to database

:

Country codes

Denmark

DK

Faroe Islands

FO

Greenland

GL

Finland

FI

Åland

AX

Iceland

IS

Norway

NO

Sweden

SE

The Nordic Region

NR

Euro area

EA

7

Contents / themes

The Nordic countries ...8

The Nordic Region in an international context ...10

Climate and energy ... 16

Labour market ...24

Research and education ...32

Innovation and creativity ... 40

Social services and equality ...46

Trust and transparency ...52

8

Sweden

Area km2 _447,435

Population 9,851,017

Status Constitutional monarchy Head of state King Carl XVI Gustav Capital population 2,231,439 (Stockholm)

Denmark

Area km2 _43,561

Population 5,707,251

Status Constitutional monarchy Head of state Queen Margrethe II Capital population 1,280,371 (Copenhagen)

Greenland

Area km2 _2,166,086

Population 55,847

Status Home rule within the Kingdom of Denmark Head of state Queen Margrethe II

Capital population 17,316 (Nuuk)

Faroe Islands

Area km2 _1,396

Population 48,704

Status Home rule within the Kingdom of Denmark Head of state Queen Margrethe II

Capital population 20,521 (Tórshavn)

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Finland

Area km2 _338,430

Population 5,487,308 Status Republic

Head of state President Sauli Niinistö Capital population 1,122,101 (Helsinki)

Iceland

Area km2 103,492 Population 332,529 Status Republic

Head of state President Guðni Jóhannesson Capital population 213,619 (Reykjavik)

Åland

Area km2 _1,581

Population 28,916

Status Home rule within the Republic of Finland Head of state President Sauli Niinistö

Capital population 11,461 (Mariehamn)

Norway

Area km2 _323,781

Population 5,213,985

Status Constitutional monarchy Head of state King Harald V

10

KEY FIGURES 2015*

The Nordic Region

in an international

context

*2015 or latest available data. In this table, the Nordic Region consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. EU: The 27 or 28 member states of the European Union as per 1 January 2013 or 1 January 2014. PPS: Purchasing Power Standards which eliminates differences in prices between the countries.

11

Total land area

1,000 km²

56.1%

37.1%

7.3%

24.0%

11.6%

16.6%

68.5%

33.9%

1,147

9,832

4,307

378

12

Population

(million)

THE NORDIC REGION 27

EU

509

JAPAN

127

UNITED STATES

321

THE NORDIC REGION

17

118

JAPAN

336

33

Density

13

Life expectancy

(years)

Women

Men

75 80 85 90 ● US 76.6 ● EU 78.1 ● THE NORDIC REGION 79.7 ● JAPAN 80.5

Total fertility rate

THE NORDIC REGION

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.9

14

GDP

(billion USD)

1,277

19,191

4,738

17,947

GDP per capita

(PPS, USD)

48,335

37,691

36,581

54,353

GDP growth

(per cent)

2.2

2.0

0.5

2.4

15 US EU

Taxes

(per cent of GDP)

43

38

30

26

512

2,2

48

69

9

1,633

432

2,1

91

79

9

2,37

4

Exports / imports

(billion USD)

16

Since 1995 the Nordic economies have

almost doubled while reducing CO

emissions by almost 20 per cent.

17

18 CLIMATE AND ENERGY Average temperature in the Nordic capitals   Temp01. Denmark, Greenland and Åland: 1990–2014 data. Iceland: 1997–2015 data.      ‐2 0 2 4 6 8 10 DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE Average 1961–1990 Average 1990–2015 Degrees  Celsius Emissions of greenhouse gases, per capita   Indic302 and Popu02      0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 DK FI IS NO SE NR EU28 1990 2000 2014 CO2‐equivalents, tonnes

CLIMATE AND ENERGY 19 Indigenous energy production 2014     Ener06      1% 35% 37% 18% 9% Coal Oil Gas Renewable energy Nuclear energy The Nordic  Region    Ener06      20% 9% 15% 26% 30% Coal Oil Gas Renewable energy Nuclear energy EU28

20 CLIMATE AND ENERGY Gross inland consumption of energy 2014  Ener05       7% 30% 8% 17% 37% 1%  Coal  Oil  Gas  Nuclear power  Renewable energy Other The Nordic  Region    Ener05        17% 34% 21% 14% 13% 1%  Coal  Oil  Gas  Nuclear power  Renewable energy Other EU28

CLIMATE AND ENERGY 21 Final inland consumption of energy 2014   Ener10      34% 26% 23% 3% 14% Industry Transport Households Agriculture and fishery Services and other sectors The Nordic Region : Ener10 27% 34% 25% 0% 14% Industry Transport Households Agriculture and fishery Services and other sectors EU28

22 CLIMATE AND ENERGY Decoupling environmental pressures and economic growth            70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 200 0 200 1 200 2 200 3 200 4 200 5 200 6 200 7 200 8 200 9 201 0 201 1 201 2 201 3 201 4 GDP Greenhouse gas emissions The Nordic Region 1995=100 + 46 % - 20 %             Indic401    70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 200 0 200 1 200 2 200 3 200 4 200 5 200 6 200 7 200 8 200 9 201 0 201 1 201 2 201 3 201 4 GDP Greenhouse gas emissions 1995=100 EU28 + 36 % - 19 %

CLIMATE AND ENERGY 23 Environmental taxes   Pubs15        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 The Nordic Region

2006 The Nordic Region2014 EU282006 EU282014

  Energy taxes   Transport taxes   Taxes on pollution and resources

Per cent of total taxes Organic farming     Area02 and Oeko01. Total farm area: Arable land and permanent meadows and pastures.   Sweden: 2000=2002 data. Åland: Only arable land. 0 5 10 15 20 25 DK FI AX IS NO SE 2000 2014 Per cent of total farm area

24

Two thirds of Nordic women

are full-time employed.

25

26 LABOUR MARKET Employment rates 2015   Work02. Åland: 2011 data. Faroe Islands, Greenland and EU28: 2014 data.      0 20 40 60 80 100 DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE NR EU28 Men Women Per cent of age group 15–64 years All employed by gender 2015    Work02      52% 48% Men Women The Nordic Region 54% 46% Men Women EU28

LABOUR MARKET 27 Unemployment rates   Work02        0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 The Nordic Region EU28 Per cent of age group 15–64 years Youth unemployment rates 2015     Work02      0 5 10 15 20 25

Total Men Women Total Men Women

The Nordic Region EU28

2000 2015

28 LABOUR MARKET Absence from work for at least a week due to illness   Soci02        0 1 2 3 4 5 DK FI IS NO SE 1990 2000 2014 Per cent of employed Absence from work for at least a week due to illness 2014   Soci02      0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 DK FI IS NO SE   Men   Women Per cent of employed

LABOUR MARKET 29 Maternity and paternity leave   Soci04  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 DK FI IS NO SE NR 2000 2014 Number of benefit days taken per capita  Soci04       0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 DK FI IS NO SE NR 2000 2014 Percentage of days taken by men

30 LABOUR MARKET Annual median income 2015     Inco02. Sweden: 2014 data. PPS: Purchasing Power Standards which eliminates differences in prices   between the countries.  0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 DK FI IS NO SE Single person with dependent children Two or more adults with dependent children PPS/euro

32

Today there are more than three times

as many doctors per inhabitant in the

Nordic Region as there were in the 60s.

33

Research

34 RESEARCH AND EDUCATION Level of education (age group 25–74) 2015   Educ01  19% 44% 34% 3%   Primary and lower secondary   Upper and post secondary   Tertiary   Level not specified or unknown The Nordic Region  Educ01      27% 45% 28% 0%   Primary and lower secondary   Upper and post secondary   Tertiary   Level not specified or unknown EU28

RESEARCH AND EDUCATION 35 Student performance by literacy, PISA 2012 

Reading literacy  Mathematical literacy  Scientific literacy 

Japan  538  Korea, Rep. of  554  Japan  547 

Korea, Rep. of  536  Japan  536  Finland  545 

Finland  524  Switzerland  531  Estonia  541 

Canada  523  Netherlands  523  Korea, Rep. of  538 

Ireland  523  Estonia  521  Poland  526 

Poland  518  Finland  519  Canada  525 

Estonia  516  Canada  518  Germany  524 

New Zealand  512  Poland  518  Netherlands  522 

Australia  512  Belgium  515  Ireland  522 

Netherlands  511  Germany  514  Australia  521 

Belgium  509  Austria  506  New Zealand  516 

Switzerland  509  Australia  504  Switzerland  515 

Germany  508  Slovenia  501  United Kingdom  514 

France  505  Ireland  501  Slovenia  514 

Norway  504  New Zealand  500  Czech Republic  508 

United Kingdom  499  Denmark  500  Austria  506 

United States  498  Czech Republic  499  Belgium  505 

Denmark  496  France  495  OECD average  501 

OECD average  496  OECD average  494  France  499 

Czech Republic  493  United Kingdom  494  Denmark  498 

Italy  490  Iceland  493  United States  497 

Austria  490  Luxembourg  490  Spain  496 

Hungary  488  Norway  489  Norway  495 

Portugal  488  Portugal  487  Hungary  494 

Spain  488  Italy  485  Italy  494 

Luxembourg  488  Spain  484  Luxembourg  491 

Israel  486  Slovak Republic  482  Portugal  489 

Iceland  483  United States  481  Sweden  485  Sweden  483  Sweden  478  Iceland  478 

Slovenia  481  Hungary  477  Slovak Republic  471 

Greece  477  Israel  466  Israel  470 

Turkey  475  Greece  453  Greece  467 

Slovak Republic  463  Turkey  448  Turkey  463 

Chile  441  Chile  423  Chile  445 

Mexico  424  Mexico  413  Mexico  415 

 Pisa01 

36 RESEARCH AND EDUCATION University students   Educ02 and Popu02  0 5 10 15 20 25 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 DK GL FI AX IS NO SE Per cent of age group 20–39  Educ02 and Popu02  0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2000 2006 2013 Men Women Per cent of age group 20–39, the Nordic Region  total

RESEARCH AND EDUCATION 37 Financial support for students 2015     Educ07      0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 DK FI IS NO SE Grant Loan Euro per month PhD graduates 2014   Phdg02. EU28: 2013 data.  0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 DK FI NO SE EU28 Men Women Per million inhabitants

38 RESEARCH AND EDUCATION R&D staff    Rede04      0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 DK FI IS NO SE EU28 2000 2005 2014 Per cent of total employment Total government expenditure on R&D   Rede01      0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 DK FI IS NO SE EU28 2000 2005 2014 Per cent of GDP

RESEARCH AND EDUCATION 39 New enterprise creation   Entp02  80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

The Nordic Region Germany United Kingdom

USA Australia

40

Since 2000 the stock of other media

than books has increased between 20

and 80 per cent in the Nordic countries

while lending books has decreased

between 10 and 20 per cent.

41

Innovation

and creativity

42 INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY Patents 2015   Pate01      0 100 200 300 400 500 600 DK FI IS NO SE Filed applications Granted patents Per million inhabitants Cultural employment   Cult23      2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 DK FI IS NO SE EU28 Per cent of total employment

INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY 43 Government expenditure on culture and leisure 2014   Cult20. Faroe Islands: 2009 data. Greenland: 2012 data.      0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 DK FO GL FI IS NO SE EU28 Euro per capita Government expenditure on culture and leisure   Cult20        50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 DK FO GL FI NO SE EU28 Index 2006=100

44 INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY Film premieres 2015   Cult05        22% 26% 5% 17% 30% DK FI IS NO SE Share of Nordic film premieres Film premieres 2015   Cult05      0 50 100 150 200 250 300 DK FO GL FI IS NO SE National Foreign Number

INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY 45 Theatre visits 2015   Cult15. Iceland and Greenland: 2014 data. Sweden: 2010 data.    10   20   30   40   50   60   70   80   90 DK FO GL FI IS NO SE Visits per 100 inhabitants

46

Life expectancy for women in the region

is now 84 years. At the start of the 60s

the average life expectancy for women

was “only” 74 years.

47

Social services

and equality

48 SOCIAL SERVICES AND EQUALITY Gini coefficient   Gini01. Faroe Islands: 2005=2009 data. EU28: Data from 2005 cover only EU27.      0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE EU28 2005 2014 Risk of poverty 2014    Riop01  0 5 10 15 20 25 DK FI IS NO SE EU27 Single parent with dependent children Two or more adults with dependent children Per cent of households

SOCIAL SERVICES AND EQUALITY 49 Recipients of social security   Soci12. Faroe Islands: 2013=2011 data. Finland and Norway: 2013=2012 data.      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DK FO FI IS NO SE 2000 2005 2010 2013 Per cent of population 18+ years Social expenditure by financial source 2013   Soex06      0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 DK FO FI IS NO SE

Public authorities Employers Insured Other means

50 SOCIAL SERVICES AND EQUALITY Gender pay gap (to the benefit of men)   Indic109      12 14 16 18 20 22 24 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 DK FI IS NO SE EU27 Percentage difference Candidates elected to the national parliaments   (as per most recent election)   Ele03      0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE EU Men Women Per cent

SOCIAL SERVICES AND EQUALITY 51 Valid votes at the two latest national elections     Ele01      0 20 40 60 80 100 DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE EU Previous election Latest election Per cent

52

Over the last 5 to 6 years the total

number of asylum requests per year

in the Nordic countries has varied

between 45,000 and 75,000.

53

Trust and

transparency

54 TRUST AND TRANSPARENCY Emigration from the Nordic Region 2015   Migr02. Finland: 2014 data.      27% 6% 25% 4% 9% 1% 10% 18% Intra‐Nordic_{Poland and the Baltic countries} Other EEA Other Europe America Africa Asia Other Immigration to the Nordic Region 2015   Migr01  13% 11% 22% 7% 6% 9% 29% 3% Intra‐Nordic Poland and the Baltic countries Other EEA Other Europe America Africa Asia Other

TRUST AND TRANSPARENCY 55 Asylum requests and asylum granted in the Nordic Region   Migr04      0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 Requests Grants Asylum requests in the Nordic countries 2015   Migr04      4% 2% 0% 12% 82% DK FI IS NO SE Share of requests

56 TRUST AND TRANSPARENCY Unaccompanied children seeking asylum   Migr05  0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 NR EU28 (excl. DK, FI and SE) Number of requests

58

About one fifth of the foreign trade in the

Nordic countries is trade with other Nordic

countries.

59

60

KEY FIGURES 2015*

Economy

Unemployment

(per cent)

6.3

9.6

4.2

4.5

7.6

: Key01. * 2015 or latest available figures. EA19: The 19 EU member states that had adopted the euro currency as their sole legal tender by 1 January 2015.

61

Balance of payments

(surplus per cent of GDP)

Interest rate

(per cent)

Public sector surplus

(per cent of GDP)

Inflation

(2014–2015, per cent)

Economic growth

(per cent)

1.2

7.0

0.7

-2.1

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.7

-2.7

-0.2

4.0

4.2

6.3

-0.5

0.3

1.6

8.7

1.6

5.7

2.0

4.1

5.8

0.7

0.0

0.7

62 ECONOMY GDP per capita     Indic102 and Popu02. PPS: Purchasing Power Standards which eliminates differences in prices   between the countries.  15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 The Nordic Region EU28 PPS/euro  Indic102 and Popu02. PPS: Purchasing Power Standards which eliminates differences in prices   between the countries.      19,000 24,000 29,000 34,000 39,000 44,000 49,000 DK FI AX IS NO SE EU28 PPS/euro

ECONOMY 63 GDP – real annual growth   Indic401. EA19: The 19 EU member states that had adopted the euro currency as their sole   legal tender by 1 January 2015.        ‐6 ‐4 ‐2 0 2 4 6 The Nordic Region EA19 Per cent  GDP – real annual growth   Indic401. EA19: The 19 EU member states that had adopted the euro currency as their sole   legal tender by 1 January 2015.      ‐10 ‐5 0 5 10 15 DK FI IS NO SE EA19 Per cent

64 ECONOMY Trade balance of goods – export minus import   Fotr49 and Naac01      ‐20 ‐15 ‐10 ‐5 0 5 10 15 20 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 200 0 200 1 200 2 200 3 200 4 200 5 200 6 200 7 200 8 200 9 201 0 201 1 201 2 201 3 201 4 201 5 DK FI IS NO SE Per cent of GDP Trade between the Nordic countries   Fotr44        8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 DK FI IS NO SE Per cent of total export

ECONOMY 65 Trade between the Nordic countries   Fotr43   16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 DK FI IS NO SE Per cent of total imports

Nordic Council of Ministers

Ved Stranden 18

DK-1061 Copenhagen K

www.norden.org

Nordic Statistics 2016

This pocket edition provides only a small selection of

data from Nordic Statistics. Visit www.norden.org/facts

for more data and statistics about the Nordic Region

and the Nordic countries.

ANP 2016:761

ISBN 978-92-893-4692-4 (PRINT) ISBN 978-92-893-4693-1 (PDF) ISSN 2414-6609 (ONLINE) ISSN 2414-6595 (PRINT)