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An overview of the palynoflora of the Miocene Yatağan basin, Turkey

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An  overview  of  the  palynoflora  of  the  Miocene  Yatağan  basin,  Turkey    

1,  2  Bouchal,  Johannes  M.  e-­‐mail:  Johannes.Bouchal@nrm.se  

       1  Denk,  Thomas  1  e-­‐mail:  Thomas.Denk@nrm.se  

1Naturhistoriska  riksmuseet  Stockholm,  Dept.  Palaeobiology,  Botanhuset,  FrescaDvägen  7,    114  18  Stockholm    –  Sweden   2University  of  Vienna,    Department  of  Palaeontology,  UZAII,  Althanstr.  14,  1090  Vienna    –  Austria  

 

Eskihisar   Tinaz  

Salihpasalar  

Fig.  1.  (A–B)  Geography  and  geological  seZng  of  the  Yatağan  basin.  (A)  Map  showing  the   geographical  posiDon  of  the  Yatağan  basin.  (B1)  Satelite  map  of  the  Yatağan  basin  area.  (B2)  

Geological  map  of  the  Yatağan  basin  area.  Map  based  on  and  modified  a^er  Atalay  (1980)   and  Becker-­‐Platen  (1970)  

References:  

Atalay,  Z.  1980.  Muğla-­‐Yatağan  ve  yakin  dolayi  karasal  Neojen’inin  straDgrafi  arasDmrasi.  Bull.  o.  Geol.  Soc.  o.  Turkey  23:  93-­‐99  

Akgün,  F.,  Kayseri,  M.  S.,    &  Akkiraz,  M.  S.  2007.  Palaeoclimate  evoluDon  and  vegetaDonal  changes  during  the  Late  Oligocene-­‐Miocene  period  in  Western  and  Central  Anatolia  (Turkey).    Palaeogeography,  Palaeoclimatology,  Palaeoecology  253:  56-­‐90  

Becker-­‐Platen,  J.D.  1970.  LithostraDgraphische  Untersuchungen  im  Känozoikum  Südwest-­‐Anatoliens  (Türkei).  Beih.  Geol.  Jb.  97,  „Känozoikum  und  Braunkohlen  der  Türkei,  2“:  244  S.;  Hannover     Benda,  L.  1971.  Grundzüge  einer  pollenanalyDschen  Gliederung  der  türkischen  JungterDärs.  Beih.  Geol.  Jb.  113,  „Känozoikum  und  Braunkohlen  der  Türkei,  4“:  46S.;  Hannover    

Yavuz  Isik,  N.,  Sarac,  G.,  Ünay,  E.,  &  de  Bruijn,  H.  2011.  Palynological  analysis  of  Neogene  mammal  sites  of  Turkey  –  vegetaDonal  and  climaDc  implicaDons.  Bulle:n  of  Earth  Sciences  Applica:on  and    Research  Center  of  HaceDepe  University  33(2):  105-­‐120  

 

Acknowledgement:    

Financial   support   from   CPS   (Collegium   Palynologicum   Scandinavicum)   enabled   the   parDcipaDon  in  EPPC  and  presentaDon  of  this   research.  

The   palynoflora   of   the   lignite   strip   mines   of   the   Yatağan   basin,   located   in   the   Muğla   province   of   western   Turkey,   is   the   focus   of   this   study.   Samples   were   taken   from   the   Eskihisar,   Salihpasalar   and   Tinaz   mines.   In   the   Yatağan   basin   two   Miocene   formaDons,   formed   from   river   and   lake   deposits,   Eskihisar   FormaDon   (middle   Miocene)   and   Yatağan   FormaDon   (late   Miocene)   have   been   designated   (Fig.   1.).   Both   show   a   general   lithology   consisDng   of   conglomerate,   sandstone,   claystone,   limestone   and   tuffite,   the   mined/excavated   lignite   bearing   strata   are   restricted   to  the  Eskihisar  FormaDon.  

UnDl   now,   pollen   from   the   Yatağan   basin   has   mostly   been   described   according   to   convenDonal   morphological   nomenclature,   using   light   microscopy   (LM)   only.   In   this   study,   the   same   individual   pollen   grains  are  invesDgated  by  using  both,  LM  and  scanning   electron   microscopy   (SEM).   The     high   resoluDon   pictographs  allow  a  higher  taxonomic  resoluDon  (Figs.   2,  3,  4).  

Fig.   2.   (A–L)   Plumbaginaceaep   pollen.   (A–D)   Armeria   wide   reDculate   type   pollen.   (E–F)  

Armeria  fine  reDculate  type  pollen.  (I–L)  Plumbago  pollen  

The   rich   palynoflora   (Table   1)   is   comprised   of   diverse   spores   (at   least   nine   morphotypes),   gymnosperm   pollen   from   Cupressaceae,   Gnetales,   Pinaceae,   and   angiosperm   pollen   from   Poaceae,   Typhaceae,   AlDngiaceae,     Amaranthaceae   (Chenopodieae),   Anacardiaceae,   Apiaceae,   Betulaceae,   Buxaceae,   C a p r i f o l i a c e a e   ( D i p s a c o i d e a e ,   L o n i c e r a )   Caryophyllaceae,   Compositae   (Asteroideae,   Cichoriodeae),   Cornaceae,   Eucommiaceae,   Fabaceae,   Fagaceae   (Fagus,   Quercus,   Trigonobalanopsis)   Geraniaceae,   Juglandaceae,   Malvaceae,   Myricaceae,   Nymphaeaceae,   Oleaceae,   Palmae,   Plumbaginaceae   (Armeria,   Plumbago),   Polygonaceae   (Rumex),   Salicaceae,   Sapindaceae   (Acer),   Smilacaceae,   and   Ulmaceae  (Cedrelospermum,  Ulmus,  Zelkova).  

Fig.  4.  (A–D)  Podocarpium  (=Tricolporopollenites  wackersdorfensis).  

Fig.  3.  (A–U)  Fagaceae  pollen.  (A–H)  Fagus  sp..  (I–K)  Quercus  Group  Cerris.  (L–N)  Quercus   Group  Ilex.  (O–Q)  Quercus  Group  Quercus  .  (R–U)  Trigonobalanopsis  sp.  

 

Notes:   L,   leaves;   LB,   leavy   branch;   R,   reproducDve   structure;   N,   needles;   +,   pollen   present;   macrofossil   data  from  H.T.Güner  and  T.  Denk;  LocaliDes  (Sources):   1,   Muğla-­‐Yatağan   (Akgün   et   al,   2007);   2,   Eskihisar   (Yavuz  et  al.,  2011);  3,  “Eskihisar-­‐Bild”  (Benda,  1971)   Table  1.  Plant  taxa  list  of  the  Miocene  Yatağan  basin,  based     on  previously  published  and  new  data.    

References

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