An overview of the palynoflora of the Miocene Yatağan basin, Turkey
1, 2 Bouchal, Johannes M. e-‐mail: Johannes.Bouchal@nrm.se
1 Denk, Thomas 1 e-‐mail: Thomas.Denk@nrm.se
1Naturhistoriska riksmuseet Stockholm, Dept. Palaeobiology, Botanhuset, FrescaDvägen 7, 114 18 Stockholm – Sweden 2University of Vienna, Department of Palaeontology, UZAII, Althanstr. 14, 1090 Vienna – Austria
Eskihisar Tinaz
Salihpasalar
Fig. 1. (A–B) Geography and geological seZng of the Yatağan basin. (A) Map showing the geographical posiDon of the Yatağan basin. (B1) Satelite map of the Yatağan basin area. (B2)
Geological map of the Yatağan basin area. Map based on and modified a^er Atalay (1980) and Becker-‐Platen (1970)
References:
Atalay, Z. 1980. Muğla-‐Yatağan ve yakin dolayi karasal Neojen’inin straDgrafi arasDmrasi. Bull. o. Geol. Soc. o. Turkey 23: 93-‐99
Akgün, F., Kayseri, M. S., & Akkiraz, M. S. 2007. Palaeoclimate evoluDon and vegetaDonal changes during the Late Oligocene-‐Miocene period in Western and Central Anatolia (Turkey). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 253: 56-‐90
Becker-‐Platen, J.D. 1970. LithostraDgraphische Untersuchungen im Känozoikum Südwest-‐Anatoliens (Türkei). Beih. Geol. Jb. 97, „Känozoikum und Braunkohlen der Türkei, 2“: 244 S.; Hannover Benda, L. 1971. Grundzüge einer pollenanalyDschen Gliederung der türkischen JungterDärs. Beih. Geol. Jb. 113, „Känozoikum und Braunkohlen der Türkei, 4“: 46S.; Hannover
Yavuz Isik, N., Sarac, G., Ünay, E., & de Bruijn, H. 2011. Palynological analysis of Neogene mammal sites of Turkey – vegetaDonal and climaDc implicaDons. Bulle:n of Earth Sciences Applica:on and Research Center of HaceDepe University 33(2): 105-‐120
Acknowledgement:
Financial support from CPS (Collegium Palynologicum Scandinavicum) enabled the parDcipaDon in EPPC and presentaDon of this research.
The palynoflora of the lignite strip mines of the Yatağan basin, located in the Muğla province of western Turkey, is the focus of this study. Samples were taken from the Eskihisar, Salihpasalar and Tinaz mines. In the Yatağan basin two Miocene formaDons, formed from river and lake deposits, Eskihisar FormaDon (middle Miocene) and Yatağan FormaDon (late Miocene) have been designated (Fig. 1.). Both show a general lithology consisDng of conglomerate, sandstone, claystone, limestone and tuffite, the mined/excavated lignite bearing strata are restricted to the Eskihisar FormaDon.
UnDl now, pollen from the Yatağan basin has mostly been described according to convenDonal morphological nomenclature, using light microscopy (LM) only. In this study, the same individual pollen grains are invesDgated by using both, LM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The high resoluDon pictographs allow a higher taxonomic resoluDon (Figs. 2, 3, 4).
Fig. 2. (A–L) Plumbaginaceaep pollen. (A–D) Armeria wide reDculate type pollen. (E–F)
Armeria fine reDculate type pollen. (I–L) Plumbago pollen
The rich palynoflora (Table 1) is comprised of diverse spores (at least nine morphotypes), gymnosperm pollen from Cupressaceae, Gnetales, Pinaceae, and angiosperm pollen from Poaceae, Typhaceae, AlDngiaceae, Amaranthaceae (Chenopodieae), Anacardiaceae, Apiaceae, Betulaceae, Buxaceae, C a p r i f o l i a c e a e ( D i p s a c o i d e a e , L o n i c e r a ) Caryophyllaceae, Compositae (Asteroideae, Cichoriodeae), Cornaceae, Eucommiaceae, Fabaceae, Fagaceae (Fagus, Quercus, Trigonobalanopsis) Geraniaceae, Juglandaceae, Malvaceae, Myricaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Oleaceae, Palmae, Plumbaginaceae (Armeria, Plumbago), Polygonaceae (Rumex), Salicaceae, Sapindaceae (Acer), Smilacaceae, and Ulmaceae (Cedrelospermum, Ulmus, Zelkova).
Fig. 4. (A–D) Podocarpium (=Tricolporopollenites wackersdorfensis).
Fig. 3. (A–U) Fagaceae pollen. (A–H) Fagus sp.. (I–K) Quercus Group Cerris. (L–N) Quercus Group Ilex. (O–Q) Quercus Group Quercus . (R–U) Trigonobalanopsis sp.
Notes: L, leaves; LB, leavy branch; R, reproducDve structure; N, needles; +, pollen present; macrofossil data from H.T.Güner and T. Denk; LocaliDes (Sources): 1, Muğla-‐Yatağan (Akgün et al, 2007); 2, Eskihisar (Yavuz et al., 2011); 3, “Eskihisar-‐Bild” (Benda, 1971) Table 1. Plant taxa list of the Miocene Yatağan basin, based on previously published and new data.