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Sökordskombinationer Sökdatum Antal
träffar Avgränsning, S1 “Occupational stress”
[Mesh] OR (stress) 20210514 1072858 S2 “Adaptation,
Psychological” [Mesh] OR (coping) OR (coping strategies)
20210514 171856
S3 “Covid-19” [Mesh] OR
“SARS-CoV-2” [Mesh]
20210514 77527 S4 (nurse) OR (nurses) OR
(healthcare workers) 20210514 914563
S1 AND S2 20210514 43918
S3 AND S4 20210514 8046
S5 AND S6 20210514 162 133 86 27 9 6
Sökningar i Cinahl
Sökordskombinationer Sökdatum Antal
träffar Avgränsningar,
fulltextartiklar Antal valda artiklar
(healthcare workers) 20210514 563631
S1 AND S2 20210514 19038
S3 AND S4 20210514 4768
S5 AND S6 20210514 63 18 8 6 3 3
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Bilaga 2 Granskningsprotokoll
(Statens beredning för medicinsk och social utvärdering [SBU], 2020)
29
Bilaga 3 Artikelöversikt
Författare/år/land Titel Metod Urval Kvalitet
Gordon, J. M., Magbee, T., &
Yoder, L. H. 2021. USA The experiences of critical care nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 during the 2020 pandemic: A qualitative study.
Kvalitativ 11 ICU sjuksköterskor som
arbetar med Covid-19 patienter Hög
Jia, Y., Chen, O., Xiao, Z., Xiao,
J., Bian, J., & Jia, H. 2021. Kina. Nurses' ethical challenges caring for people with COVID-19: A qualitative study.
Kvalitativ 18 sjuksköterskor på
Covid-avdelningar Medel
Munawar, K., & Choudhry, F. R.
2021. Pakistan. Exploring stress coping strategies of frontline emergency health workers dealing Covid-19 in Pakistan: A qualitative inquiry.
Kvalitativ 15 akutvårdspersonal på frontlinjen som arbetar med Covid-19-patienter.
Hög
George, E. C., Inbaraj, R. L., Rajukutty, S., & de Witte, P. L.
2020. Indien
Challenges, experience and coping of health professionals in delivering healthcare in an urban slum in India during the first 40 days of COVID-19 crisis: a mixed method study.
Mixed method,
Nurses’ psychological changes and coping strategies during home isolation for the 2019 novel coronavirus in China:
A qualitative study
Kvalitativ 10 sjuksköterskor i isolation. Medel
Lee, N., & Lee, H-Y. 2020.
Sydkorea. South Korean Nurses’ Experiences with
Patient Care at a COVID-19-Designated Hospital: Growth after the Frontline Battle against an Infectious Disease Pandemic
Kvalitativ 18 sjuksköterskor som arbetar på ett covid-19-sjukhus i Sydkorea. Hög
30 Norful. A. A., Rosenfeld, A.,
Schroeder, K., Travers, L. J., Aliyu, S. 2021. USA
Primary drivers and psychological manifestations of stress in frontline healthcare workforce during the initial COVID-19 outbreak in the United States
Kvalitativ 55 deltagare (21 sjuksköterskor) Hög
Casafont, C., Fabrellas, N., Rivera, P., Olivé-Ferrer, C. M., Querol, E., Venturas, M., Prats, J., Cuzco, C., Frías, E. C., Pérez-Ortega, S., &
Zabalegui, A. 2020. Spanien.
Experiences of nursing students as healthcare aid during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A phenomenological research study
Kvalitativ 10 deltagare bestående av
sjuksköterskestudenter i Spanien. Hög
Zhang, Y., Wei, L., Li, H., Pan, Y., Wang, J., Li, Q., Wu, Q., & Wei, H. 2020. Kina.
The Psychological Change Process of Frontline Nurses Caring for Patients with COVID-19 during Its Outbreak
Kvalitativ 23 sjuksköterskor som arbetar på ett universitetssjukhus i Wuhan. Medel
31
Bilaga 4 Matris för deduktiv innehållsanalys
Problemfokuserad coping (control troubled person-environment)
Artikel Problemlösning Konfrontation
1. The experiences of critical care nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 during the 2020 pandemic: A qualitative study.
Gordon, J. M., Magbee, T., & Yoder, L. H. 2021.
USA
“So not only was I a nurse…but I was also a teacher… there's no
day off…so it's just something you have to power through” “Patience is a lot less…I'm going to say what I've got to say and then walk away. I don't have as much tolerance…”
2. Nurses' ethical challenges caring for people with COVID-19: A qualitative study.
Jia, Y., Chen, O., Xiao, Z., Xiao, J., Bian, J., &
Jia, H. 2021. Kina.
“Since the implementation of group nursing, we were collectively discussing special cases every day and our job became much easier.”
3. Exploring stress coping strategies of frontline emergency health workers dealing Covid-19 in Pakistan: A qualitative inquiry.
Munawar, K., & Choudhry, F. R. 2021. Pakistan.
“It is my line of duty if I am overwhelmed with stress how would the rest of the people around me would cope. I tell myself and to all the coronavirus patients I deal that it is a temporary situation, and this too shall pass.”
“My reason to join this service was my passion to do something for a greater cause, something for humanity and I think it is the high time to play my part and perform my duties with commitment.”
“If people cannot stay at home and follow the instructions all our efforts are in vein and we can never control the spread.”
“People need more awareness to understand the severity of the problem, not showing compliance is a way of welcoming the virus.”
32 4. Challenges, experience and coping of health
professionals in delivering healthcare in an urban slum in India during the first 40 days of COVID-19 crisis: a mixed method study.
George, E. C., Inbaraj, R. L., Rajukutty, S., and de Witte, P. L. 2020. Indien
“With all gears, we are drenching in sweat. It is tough to carry on for long hours, that’s why we take turns.”
“I stopped watching the news at home; children get frightened. I tell at home what I hear from the hospital, that is more correct’.
5. Nurses’ psychological changes and coping strategies during home isolation for the 2019 novel coronavirus in China: A qualitative study Zhang, M-M., Niu, N., Zhi, X-X., Zhu, P., Wu, B., Wu, B-N., Meng, A-F., Zhao, Y. 2021. China.
“A deeper understanding of COVID‐19 made me calmer and I could then properly plan to protect myself”
“I wore a mask even at home and I used public chopsticks when eating together. I frequently washed my hands, ventilated and disinfected my home daily. I thought that I did not have to worry too much if I have engaged in protective measures”.
6. South Korean Nurses’ Experiences with Patient Care at a COVID-19-Designated Hospital:
Growth after the Frontline Battle against an Infectious Disease Pandemic
Lee, N., & Lee, H-J. 2020. Sydkorea.
“The number of confirmed cases, infection control instructions guidelines… Everything happened without warning. That’s what made us crazy. But even in that situation, we had to do our best.”
“Now, there is a lot less fear. After caring for infected patients for seven months, I believe I’ve gained a certain level of competency in caring for infected patients, and I can do the job when such an infectious disease outbreak occurs again.”
“When a nurse was diagnosed with COVID-19, it was from taking care of patients. However, she became a target of criticism, questioning whether she took off her PPE properly. Seeing that made me really angry. If I were put in that position, I would quit….”
7. Primary drivers and psychological manifestations of stress in frontline healthcare workforce during the initial COVID-19 outbreak in the United States
“I feel good when we work as a team. It makes it easier and you're not tired as much as when you're working alone. We can help each other better.”
33 Norful, A. A., Rosenfeld, A., Schroeder, K.,
Travers, L. J., & Aliyu, S. 2021. USA
“There is a willingness to help that I'm seeing more, so if you go into a patient's room, and you've gowned-up, and you need something in the room, they would probably try to see how they could assist, maybe probably bring it and leave it by the door.
So, I'm seeing people are more willing to comply.”
8. Experiences of nursing students as healthcare aid during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A phenomenological research study
Casafont, C., Fabrellas, N., Olivé-Ferrer, P., Querol, E., Venturas, M., Prats, J., Cuzco, C., Frías, E. C., Pérez-Ortega, S., & Zabalegui, A.
2020. Spanien.
“When I arrived home my parents were waiting at the door with a box for my shoes and a bag to keep all the clothes, and then I went straight to the shower. I was terrified that something would happen to them”
9. The Psychological Change Process of Frontline Nurses Caring for Patients with COVID-19 during Its Outbreak
Zhang, Y., Wei, L., Li, H., Pan, Y., Wang, J., Li, Q., Wu, Q., & Wei, H. 2020. China.
These physical discomforts aggravated nurses’ psychological stress. However, because of their fear, they wanted to make sure that they wore the PPE correctly.
34 Emotionellt fokuserad coping (control emotions and distress/altering meaning of an outcome)
Artikel Undvikande Distansering Acceptans Positiv omvärdering Söka socialt stöd Självbehärskning
1. The experiences of critical care nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 during the 2020 pandemic:
A qualitative study.
Gordon, J. M., Magbee, T.,
& Yoder, L. H. 2021. USA
“That's what I do more often, do more cooking and cleaning.”
“Maybe drinking has picked up a little.”
“Music helps me a lot.
Uplifting music.”
“I have that hour to myself to meditate…
that has helped me tremendously for sure.”
“I work out a lot that is also a good stress reliever for me so that's always nice.”
“I was angry about it [PPE re-use] and upset about it, but now that we've been doing it for months on end, it's kind of just become the norm.”
“Prayer. A lot of prayer (crying).”
“I rely on the Lord for me personally.”
“I've been talking on the phone a lot with my best along with you during this same crazy time…they are a huge support.”
“I feel like if I can't get to them fast enough then I feel in my mind that I am part of the problem in the numbers of COVID patients dying.”
2. Nurses' ethical challenges caring for people with COVID-19: A qualitative working pressure was too high to bear, so I burst into tears hiding in bathroom, and I became relaxed after crying.”
“Some nurses were worried about being infected, so they secretly reduced the frequency of helping patients turn over.”
They also tried developing some hobbies in their spare time, through which they could release their pressure and anxiety accumulated during the process of nursing.
“I have improved my skills in nursing infectious patients, and I have also learned how to
communicate with patients in a more effective way.”
Through formulating nursing plans and participating in nursing COVID-19 patients, nurses have gained experiences in making plans, directing medical operations, coordination, and organization, which could improve the management skills in their clinical practice
Nurses acquired emotional comfort by focusing on nursing jobs, or increasing
35 3. Exploring stress coping
strategies of frontline emergency health workers dealing Covid-19 in Pakistan: A qualitative inquiry.
Munawar, K., & Choudhry, F. R. 2021. Pakistan.
“...Initially I used to check news and updates on social media almost every hour, since I have limited this exposure, I am feeling better.”
“...I keep reminding myself that it is my duty to provide healthcare in emergencies and I am just performing the same duty which I am doing from past one decade”
They seemed to normalize their stress by recalling their nature of duty and reminding themselves that it is not the first time they have dealt with threatening events.
“I try to focus the positive aspect that I am serving humanity and my job is contributing to saving people's life.”
The faith-based practices and belief system is seen to play an integral role in lives of the selected sample to cope with the pandemic of COVID-19.
“I am not denying the severity of the problem, but and coping of health professionals in delivering healthcare in an urban slum in India during the first 40 days of COVID-19 crisis: a mixed method study.
George, E. C., Inbaraj, R. L., Rajukutty, S., and de Witte, P. L. 2020. Indien
“So I look at news only once a day… if I see Corona, I just skip the message, as far as I know media is not the most authentic source for COVID”
An opportunity to make
‘good use’ of their lives.
‘One day all have to die;
the most important thing is to use our lives for doing good, at this time, we are helping others, that is good’.
They looked after each other, watched how they were managing patients and reminded each other about infection control.
They listened to each other and comforted when needed.
36 5. Nurses’ psychological
changes and coping strategies during home isolation for the 2019 novel coronavirus in China: A qualitative study Zhang, M-M., Niu, N., Zhi, X-X., Zhu, P., Wu, B., Wu, B-N., Meng, A-F., Zhao, Y.
2021. China.
“Every night, I silently tell myself that it is almost over when I go to bed”.
They preferred to pay less attention to information about COVID‐19 to avoid being upset. Some chose to do relaxing activities and find a moment of peace, such as watching films and reading.
"I thought it was a positive impact that drove us, allowing us to serve as an example".
They felt encouraged by the mutual support among their colleagues and this warm environment made the nurses more confident against the disease. The nurses mentioned that social support was the main sources to cope with the situation and reduce negative emotions. that I shouldn't be nervous and that I will not be infected”.
6. South Korean Nurses’
Experiences with Patient Care at a COVID-19-Designated Hospital:
Growth after the Frontline Battle against an Infectious Disease Pandemic Lee, N., & Lee, H-J. 2020.
Sydkorea.
“Because I need to be careful… I used to work out, but I don’t go to the gym any more… I used to enjoy getting together with people, but I can’t do it anymore.”
“I always think that if something happens, I’ll be put to work. Even if there is another infectious disease outbreak, I will do it again. It’s my job.
“You can think of it as if I prevent the spread of the virus by treating these patients”
When patients told them to
“keep up the good work” or patients expressed “thank you very much” after being discharged, these expressions became a source of strength.
“ I am contributing during this national disaster situation. I am there at this historical moment…”
“My family worries about me a lot and calls me this work and that only they, themselves, could do it.
37 7. Primary drivers and
psychological
manifestations of stress in frontline healthcare workforce during the initial COVID-19 outbreak in the United States.
Norful, A. A., Rosenfeld, A., Schroeder, K., Travers, L. J., & Aliyu, S. 2021.
USA
A nurse shared, “ I think in general we understand it's a stressful time and everyone is trying to create avenues for people to de-stress.”
“It's stressful but it's not something unexpected. As an infectious disease attending, this is what we've signed up to do in life – in our careers. It is just expected that we would be involved in caring for patients during a pandemic.”
“We pray before we start our shift. I also have a good support system at home. It's a strong support to keep me positive through a difficult time.”
“There was one day where I was very exhausted. I knew my brother was pretty worried about me. He texted me and was like stay positive. That was helpful. “ Increased tension due to COVID-19 prompted staff to assist each other more often.
8. Experiences of nursing students as healthcare aid during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A phenomenological research study.
Casafont, C., Fabrellas, N., Olivé-Ferrer, P., Querol, E., Venturas, M., Prats, J., Cuzco, C., Frías, E. C., Pérez-Ortega, S., and Zabalegui, A. 2020.
Spanien.
They also played sports, practised yoga, and performed other activities, such as reading, which helped with their anxiety and recurrent thoughts.
“..and feeling helpful and proud of being there.”
“I think what I find more positive from here, is that we have all worked together all at one”.
They had a very supportive network consisting mainly of family and friends who they could talk to and share their emotions with through videoconference.
9. The Psychological Change Process of Frontline Nurses Caring for Patients with COVID-19 during Its Outbreak.
Zhang. Y., Lili Wei., Li. H., Pan. Y., Wang. J., Li. Q., Wu. Q, & Wei. H. 2020.
China.
Under these situations, what made matters worse was that nurses could not seek support or embrace their colleagues directly because a close personal distance could cause cross-infection.
“I don’t want to talk to anyone. I feel suffocated and depressed when I come here.”
Nurses were excited and felt proud that they had the opportunity to serve and fulfill the professional responsibility and commitment, which made them step forward without hesitation.
“Patients bowed to us when they were discharged. Their actions of appreciation touched me, which energized me and made me have a great sense of achievement.”
They were torn between a sense of professional mission and fear of being infected.
38