4 Empirisk metod
Hypotes 1 accepteras delvis
7.4 Förslag till framtida forskning
I denna studie genomfördes en undersökning som inkluderade företag inom både mikro, små och medelstora företag som ingår i Europeiska kommissionens definition av små och medelstora företag. Genom att inkludera alla typer av företag inom definitionen gav det studien en större bredd vilket kan ha påverkat studiens slutliga resultat. Små och medelstora företag utgörs av 99 procent av alla företag inom EU och enligt den Europeiska kommissionen (2015) har denna grupp en stor påverkan på samhället. Dock är forskningen kring CSR i små och medelstora företag fortfarande begränsad. Inför framtida forskning finns det därmed möjlighet att fortsätta studera små och medelstora företag samt att studera vardera kategori inom begreppet små och medelstora företag var för sig. Vidare kan studier genomföras på företag som verkar inom samma bransch.
Studien skulle även kunna utvecklas genom att använda sig av flera undersökningsmetoder till exempel genom fältstudier för att få en tydligare inblick i företags verksamhet.
Studiens syfte var att undersöka till vilken grad CSR-implementeringen i små och medelstora företag påverkas av den strategi ett företag tillämpar. I studien studerades strategierna inom Miles & Snow typologin, vilka ersattes med nya strategier som är bättre anpassade för små och medelstora företag. De nya strategierna är formulerade utifrån nya kombinationer av de ursprungliga strategiernas egenskaper. Forskningen kring små och medelstora företag är i dagsläget begränsad och det finns därmed möjlighet till att fortsätta studera dessa företag och utveckla befintliga eller utforma nya strategier som är mer anpassade för små och medelstora företag. Idag finns det explorativ forskning i rätt riktning av Santos som 2011 genomförde en studie på små och medelstora företag i Portugal. Sådana studier möjliggör för utvecklingen av bättre anpassade strategier för små och medelstora företag genom att bidra med förståelse kring företagens motivation och dynamik. Framtida forskning kan därmed främja det framtida CSR-arbetet inom små och medelstora företag.
Denna studie syftade även till att testa och förklara hur relationen mellan graden av CSR-implementering och den strategi som tillämpas påverkas av graden av användning av informell kontroll. Lawrence & Lorsch (2007) hävdar i sin studie att företag måste fokusera på den interna passformen mellan strategi och informell kontroll för ett välfungerande CSR-arbete. Enligt tidigare forskning har informell kontroll en positiv påverkan på CSR. Dock är informell kontroll endast en av många strukturer som används i små och medelstora företag. Framtida forskning kan inkludera flera aspekter inom ett företags struktur. Vidare studier kan således studera hur olika strukturer påverkar små och medelstora företags utfall gentemot CSR tillsammans med nya och välanpassade strategier.
Ytterligare ett förslag till framtida forskning är att ta ett steg vidare i undersökningen av implementeringen i små och medelstora företag. Istället för att undersöka hur CSR-implementeringen påverkas av vilken strategi ett företag tillämpar finns det möjlighet till att studera hur CSR-implementeringen påverkar ett företags prestation. Denna typ av studier har tidigare gjorts inom större företag, ett exempel är studien av Bird et al. (2007).
Resultaten av denna studie visade inte på några tydliga relationer mellan den strategi ett företag tillämpar och användningen av informell kontroll. Däremot visar studien på ett starkt positivt samband mellan användning av informell kontroll och graden av CSR-implementering. Ett alternativ är således att studera vilken påverkan informell kontroll har på relationen mellan CSR-implementering och företagets prestationer. Prestation kan vidare inkludera dels ekonomiska aspekter men även överlevnad och tillväxt, vilka är särskilt intressanta att studera i små och medelstora företag.
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