Den första tiden i frihet efter ett fängelsestraff är en kritisk period för återfall i brott. Trots detta hinner frivårdshandläggarna sällan träffa eller prata med klienten mer än en gång per vecka. Nya tekniker har under senare år gjort det möjligt att följa ett stort antal individer i deras vardagsliv och samtidigt identifiera individuella risker och behov. Rätt utnyttjade följer också möjligheten att utveckla och effektivisera vård och behandling genom att styra resurser till de individer som för tillfället har störst behov av vård. Ett exempel på en sådan ny teknik är Interactive Voice Response (IVR). IVR är en dator med integrerad telefonväxel som kan programmeras för att ringa upp individer på deras mobila eller fasta telefoni och ställa frågor. Respondenten lyssnar till ett förinspelat meddelande och svarar på frågorna muntligen eller genom knapptryckningar. I den aktuella studien undersöktes om IVR kan användas som en modern metod för utvärdering och påverkan av akuta riskfaktorer för brott bland kriminalvårdens klienter efter den villkorliga frigivningen. En centraldator programmerades för att ringa upp klienter som inkluderats i studien på deras mobiltelefon och ställa dagliga frågor om stress, mående och sug och bruk av droger och alkohol. Svaren registrerades därefter i centraldatorn och för en del av klienterna som inkluderats i studien var centraldatorn programmerad att omedelbart bearbeta insamlad data och lämna en återkoppling till klienten. Denna återkoppling beskrev om måendet förbättrats, försämrats eller låg kvar på samma nivå som vid föregående mättillfälle. Motsvarande information skickades även till klientens frivårdshandläggare. Syftet med denna återkoppling var att få klienten att reflektera över sina känslomässiga problem och riskbeteenden samt öka motivationen till förändring. Studiens resultat visar att dagliga känslomässiga problem och reaktioner är viktiga riskfaktorer för återfall i brott bland villkorligt frigivna klienter, men också att dessa riskfaktorer går att påverka i en positiv riktning med hjälp av IVR tekniken.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This thesis was carried out at the Department of Criminology, Malmö University. I am grateful to all friends and colleagues who have helped me over the years to complete this work. In particular, I would like to thank: My supervisor, Claes Andersson, for your purposeful and persistent guidance through this work, your advices and constructive criticism has thought me how to be a better researcher. My co-supervisor, Robert Svensson, for the patient guidance, encouragement and advice you provided over the years. My co-writers, especially Agneta Öjehagen, Mats Berglund, and Peter Höglund for the opportunity to work together, and for helping me to better understand the research area.
My opponents at the final and mid-term seminar, Sten Levander and Peter Linström, for taking the time to read, inspire, and give comments.
My colleagues at the Department of Criminology, Malmö University, with special thanks to: Marie Torstensson Levander, for giving me the opportunity to pursue my doctoral studies. Eva-Lotta “the cell mate” Nilsson, Klara Svalin, Susanne Egnell, and Manne Gerell, for all the inspiring discussions and for enriching this years. Marie Väfors Fritz, Caroline Mellgren, and Anna Karin Ivert, for taking the time and helping me with my questions. Erika Hedenskog, for the inspiring thoughts of life. A great thanks to Alexander Engström, Karl Kronkvist, Simon Wallengren, Nina Axnäs, Mia-Maria Magnusson, Alberto Chrysoulakis, and all the rest of my co-workers at the Department of Criminology.
My friends and my family, Ioannis Antoniou, Tanja Hermansson, Christian Skarman, Mikael Kumpula, Alexander Filipov, Menka Vasiljevic, Bertil Borg, Biljana Filipova, Tanja Vasiljevic, Åsa Johansson, and my wonderful children, Amanda and Lovisa. Thank you for your support and patients and for always being there for me when I need you.
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