CO-OPERATI'l~ FXTE1JS I0~1 0JORK IN AGRICULTURE
A~JD HOME ECONOMICS
State Agricultural College of Colorado and
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Department of Agriculture and Prowers County Co-operatingI N D E X
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Agrtcultural He sources of Prouvers County
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1History of County Agent Worlr:
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• 2Organization
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3Farm Bureau • • • • • • • • • • • 3
Farmers' Union
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• • • . 4Drainage Distl.,icts • • • • • • . 5
Holly- Stonington Telephone Company
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• • . 7Club Work •
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9 Crop"Improvement.
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9 Horticulture.
• • • • • 9 Irrigated Pastures • • • •.
10 Alfa.lfa • • • • . 10 A.r~bor Day • • • . 11Corn Variety Tests
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13Small Grains • • 15
Johnson Grass
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• • . 16Holly Garden Club
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.. 1 '7Live Stock
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• • • . 18Co- operative Shipping Association
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. 18Cow Testing Association
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• . 18:r-.rolly Cow Club
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• 19Dairy Extension School
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20Eristol Pig Club
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20Range Cattle
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21Silos
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• • • • . 23Holly Poultry Association
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. 23Lamar Poultry and Pet Stock Association • • . 24
i;~Iount Zion Poultr)y Club
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• . 25Dairying
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26Prowers County Dairy Breeders Association
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. 27Pests
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29Rodents
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• . 29Grasshoppel"~S
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• • • • • • 29Harlequin Cabbage Bug
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• . 31Beet Yleb Worm
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. 32Fairs
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33Holly Dairy Day
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• • • • • . 331Viley Cormnuni ty Fair
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35Hartman Field Day
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• • • • . 3?Clearview Colinnuni ty Fair.
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3?Bristol Community Fair
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38Webb Co:mrnuni ty Fair
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. 39Other Fair Wor'k
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. 40Statistical Report Summary
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Area in Acres • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1,043,200.Area in Square Miles . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1,596.
Area in Farms • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 105,068.
Irrigated Area •
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Grazing Area . • •Number of norses
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Number of Hogs • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 89,585. 4,435. 15,483. 580,005. 10,653. 1,372. 31,905. 2,424. 16,197. 4,698.Average Size of Farms • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 251.93.
Population of the County • Rural Population • • • • •
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16,845. 9,000.Elevation ••
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3,200 to 4,000.Private Owned Land • • •
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• 685,589 acres or 66%. Average Rainfall •.
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• • • 12 to 18 inches • Principal Crops •••.• Alfalfa, Beets, Small Grains and theI'
/ HISTORY OF TRE COffi~TY AGENT WORK
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The County Agent Work of Prowers County has been somewhat indefinite and irregular in the past. The
exact history of the work is not known to the present County Agent. T ne early work was done by using one of the instructors of the High School on Saturdays, vaca-tions and during the smmner months. About the fall of 191? County Agent was placed in the County. under the organization of the County, State and Federal Government co-operating as is used at the present time. This man stayed in the work for a little over a year, then another man was placed in the County Agent Work and remained about
six weeks. After that the office was vacant for several months. The present County Agent took over the work on February 1, 1918 , and continued until October 15, 1920,
when l1is resignation became effective. The work has been taken over by Mr.
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A. Pedersen, who will continue along lines similar to those used in the past.Regarding a farm bureau organization, several efforts have been made to perfect an organization in the County. However, because of a number of underlying cur-rents t h e organization work was not successful. However, it is the opinion of the County Agent that the time is right for this organization during the fall and winter that is to come .
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BUREAU _._.____
The work of organizing the County in the Farm Bureau was undertaken by the County .ft,gent early last winter. He met with the farmers in several con~unities and perfected community organizations and outlined programs of work. How-ever, when the matter of memberships and distributing the work among the farmers was mentioned, there was absolutely no
1•e-sponse from the farmers. The work that has been done through the County Agent's office has been carried along as nearly along farm bureau lines as possiblewithout the actual farm bu-reau organization. It soon became very apparent that the County could not be organized at this time, so nhe efforts of the Goun-ty Agent were turned into other channels. 1l'he uounty has been
kept inrormea or the worK or tne rarm bureaus of other ~ounties
ana of' tne utate and National Farm Bur•eau organizations tnrough pamphlets, newspaper articles and general publicity. The County A~ent attended the State Wide Farm Bureau meeting, which took place in Fort Collins on January 11, 12, 13 and 14, 1920. At this annual meeting the reports from the different counties were made; the State Fxecutive Committee reported the progress that had been made through them during the past year, and the work of the state organization for the coming year was outlined. Those present were privileged to listen to addresses from some of the best men of the nation on farm bureau and other economic lines. Previous to this state wide meeting the County Agent made every effort possible to induce some of tbe farmers of Prowers County to attend this meeting. He made personal calls on some thirty or thirty-five men; he comrnunicated with others by latter and by telephone and carried on a publicity through the newspapers in an effort to have some of our men at this meeting. Ho~ever, no one attended, which shows again the interest that the farmers of the County were showing in farm bureau work. A number of the farmers were present at the National Western Stock Show, which took place the week following, but they did not see fit to go to the Farm Bureau meeting.
Owing to the lack of efficiency in the Farm Bureau Mem-bership Campaign throughout the various Counties of the State dur-ing the winter, which
was
caused by the influenza epidemic and(
severe winter conditions, it was decided by the State Executive Cow~ittee to inaugurate a membership drive during the summer. This work was carefully planned and district conferences were held
throughout the ~tate . 'lbe County cgent in Prowers County inter-viewed a number of men in an effort to have this County represented at the meeting . As a result two men, Mr. M. F. Ralston of Wiley and Mr. Bert Sterrett of Bristol, represented this County. The mem-bership campaign for the various Counties was planned, but it was not deemed advisable to attempt any work in Prowers County.
How-ever, it was decided to publish the facts regarding the farm bureau work in pamphlet form if possible and distribute it among the far-mers, attempting later an organization. This, however , was not done.
During the month of August the National Executive Com-mittee held its meeting in Denver and most of the County Agents and State Farm Bureau people attended this meeting. A great deal
of work of national importance was taken up by the E'xecuti"'..re Com-mittee during this meeting, and they were acquainted with the farm bureau conditions in the Rocky Mountain States . Representatives were present from a great many of the States of the Union, and many interesting discussions were held.
At this meeting the County Agents ' Association held several important meetings, taking up business of importance.
It is the opinion of the County Agent that the time is right this fall and winter to organize Prowers County into a
work-ing County Farm B,,l.,eau. There has been a great deal of interest shown by some of the farmers, and by taking proper preliminary steps every indication points to the fact that the time for an effective farm bureau is at band.
THE FARMERS' ffi~ION
As the County Agent has made his rounds among the
far-mers the past year or so it has come to him from every quarter that the farmers should have some effective buying and selling agency. With this in view several of the State organizers of the Farmers Union were invited to come to Lamar and see if a Farmers' Union would fill the needs here . Arter a number of conferences and several meetings it was decided to organize a Farmers' Union here, with headquarters at Kornman. There were several farmers'
~rganizations which were consolidated to help in this work . The Farmers' Union was organized with one hundred twenty members . The
capital stock pledged at that time was thirty thousand dollars (;$30,000 00). The officers as elected were: Mr . M. A. '.fuiteis, President, Mr . Otto Lubers, Secretary. with George Leasure and Mint Snyder as directors. Mr . George Cooter was selected as manager and has been in charge since this time. The business of
the Farmers' Union has been only fair. The County Agent will not attempt to diagnose the reasons for the apparent lack of success.
DRAINAGE DISTRICTS
Portions of the C0unty, particularly in the valleys
or low places under the irrigation system, have been rapidly eoing to seep in the past few years. Several extensive drain-age systems have been built in the past, and during the past year five drainage districts have been organized, and the work gotten under way, but have not been completed.
The first ·and largest is the Vista Del Rio Drainage
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1strict, which runs, roughly, on the north side of the riverfrom several miles west of Lamar to the Big Sandy and is about twelor..re and thx~ee-fourths miles in length. This ditch, as sur-veyed, will be fo1Jr feet wide on the bottom with a one to one
grade, and will approximate twenty feet at the surface, being eight feet in depth. This District is bonded for $65,000 and will drain forty-six hundred and thirty-four acres at an esti-mated cost of $14.50 per acre. The production at the present time is estimated at about forty per cent on all the lands in this District, and, after drainage, will probably be ninety per cent productivity. The work so far accomplished on this drain-age ditch is the cost estimated, the organization formed, and the survey completed .
The next drainage district is the Dead -~an, which
is between Bristol and Hartman. The main channel will be two and one-fourth miles long with four foot bottom, approximately twenty feet on the surface and a nine foot depth. The cost will be approximately $30 ,000, and theDistrict is bonded for
this sum. There will be sixteen hundred acres in this District with an estimated cost of ~' 18.75 per acre. Before this work-was
undertaken, the productivity of this land was approximately sixty per cent while after drainage it will approximate ninety per cent. T[,is organization has been completed, and the District formed, the bonds voted and the survey made and the cost estimated. This D;strict will include a number of closed drains, but their ex-tent has not yet been decided.
The next is the Lubers Drainage District, which is north of Lamar . It will be approximately two and one-half
miles long, draining two thousand one hundred and eighty acres. The productivity of this soil at the present time is about forty per cent and will be about ninety per cent when the ditch is finished. The organization of tbis District is partly com-pleted, the survey made, but the system bas not yet been de-cided, and no cost estimate bas been made.
The next is the McClave District, which is in the McClave section. fTihis ditch will be four feet on the bottom, twenty-two feet on the top and nine feet in depth on an aver-age. There will be at least three-fourths of a mile of closed drains at an estimated cost of 75 cents a foot. This drainage district is bonded for $30,000 with the estimated cost at ·this amount and will drain appl'~Oximately three thousand one hundred
productivity of the land is about fifty-five per cent, and it is estimated it will be ninety per cent after completion. Tbe organization of this District has been completed, the bonds voted, the survey made , and the cost estimated.
Next is the Van Ginkle-McGrath District. This Dis-trict is north of town in the May Valley DisDis-trict and will be four anc four-tenths miles in lerigth with four foot bottom, eighteen foot top and nine foot de·pth. It is estimated that the digging of this ditch will cost 15.3 ce~ts per cubic yard. The indebtedness for this District 1Ni11 be $17 ,500, with an approximate cost of $16 .80 per acre, there being one thousand and forty acres in the District. Thi·s Di. strict is about eighty-five per cent completed and has about eight hundred and eighty acres drained at the present time. The men in this District are more farsighted than in some other Districts and took hold of
this matter before the damage was very severe, and the estimated productivity is about seventy-five per cent at the present time while it should go to about ninety-five per cent after the ditcb
is entirely finished. The construction is progressiLg nicely at the present time. This District will not be a bonded district but is a voluntary association.
A number of other drainage districts are bein~
A large portion of Prowers County and the County ad-J01nlng on the south, Baca County, is not connected by
tele-phone. This holds b~ck the progress of the country and is not
conducive to progressive farming. Tb_e1•e has been considerable talk in the past relative to building telephone lines. However$ nothing definite has been accomplished. In feeling the pulse of the farmers relative to this matter last fall it was found that interest was very good. The matter of fostering telephone
com-panies was taken up by the Comr~ercial Club and business men of
Holly during the winter and plans for organization made. The leading farmers of the districts affected were invited to meet with the business men and discuss conditions and determine what was wanted. A plan of organization was outlined which was to
incorporate a telephone company with a capitalization of twenty-five thousand dollars. Securing estimates as to the costs, it was found tb.at a line to be built ·according to the
specifica-tions given would cost at least eighteen thousand dollars, fig-uring at the present price of materials and labor. The County
A~ent decided that there possibly would be no better way in any
of his work to serve the farmers of the County than by helping in every way pos.sible to aid in the formation of this telephone company. Meetings were held throughout the entire territory, com-mittees appointed to see the farm.ers individually and sell stock in the company to them, wherever possible, and locate those far-mers who would agree to put in 'phones. It was found that between four hundred and five hundred 'phones would be placed within
reach of this line. Tne idea was for the Company to build the
main trunk line, which would run in a general way from Holly to
Cheney Center to Webb; fromWebb to Plains; from Plains to A~tesia
and thence to Stonington. Also another branch would go from Plains to Tvro Buttes. Switch boards would be placed at the ter-minal points of the line and one at Webb and possibly one at Artesia in between. The individual farmers' lines then were
to run from the ranches and branch roads to the main tru~~ li~e
and be connected with the system through the switch boards. Toll charges would be paid when a call went through more than one switch board. Also, the Bell Telephone System of Holly would handle all calls outside the system.
One of the first important meetings was held in March at Webb, where a large number of farmers were present. The method of management and plan of organization was explained, and the cowmittees appointed. At this time also a tentative board of directors was selected. Meetings were planned for
The meetingp as planned were held, and good results secured at each place excepting Stonington. Here it appeared that the business men were somewhat suspicious of the plan. Fowever, it was hoped that they would do t n eir portion . . ,_.l1e meeti11gs at .Arteola. and 1- lains weJ.•e well at i.,ended, ana a
great d.eal o!· interest was sh own. t>everal of the corrL"Tli ttees repor~ed consi aerable stock sold and telephones located. Yro-posed articles of incorporation were read at these meetlngs. A few days later a meeting of the tentati7e board of directors was held in P0lly and conm1ittee reports heard. The progress had not been as rapid as hoped for, so it was decided to con-tinue this work for a few da.ys. /\bout this time Two Buttes sent a cowxrrittee to a olly urging that t h e llne be extended to take in their city, and the feasibility of it was discussed. A meeting was planned for Two Puttes, and a great deal of in-terest was shown by the busine ss men and farmers of this town, they promising to take up the work of building their own end of the line by securirtg sufficient stock subscriptions to pay for its construction, however, the entire system being handled through the one organization. Later meetings were held at Plains, Stonington and 1Yebb, and the progress reported and the work continued. I~"" t1Je middle of the summer sufficient funds had been subscribed so that an order was placed for the materials, the line to be standard with twenty foot poles and
cross arms and standard metallic circuit. This material was to have been delivered by the 1st of August but, owing to railroad conditions, was not delivered until about the 1st
of September. ·
~~e officers of this telephone company consist of Mr. T. M. Amerine of Cheney Center, President; Mr. Stanton of Twp Buttes, Vice-President; Mr.
J.
G. Woodworth, Treasurer; Mr.A . l\ . Morick, Secretary. These witb Mr. J. D. Price of Webb, Henry Ford of Plains and J. G. Gant of Argentine constitute the Board of Directors. At this time eleven thousand_ four hundred dollars has been subscribed, and stock is still being
sold. The estimated cost of the present construction is thir-teen thousand dollars. The poles are up and ready for the wire for thirty-four miles south and seven miles west of Holly. The rest of the construction is going on rapidly. The cost is ap-proximately one hundred twenty-four dollars a mile ·for material and fifty-seven dollars and fifty cents per ntile for construc-tion cost. This work is being pushed rapidly and will be fin-ished before winter sets in~
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CTJJB WORK
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. TbA Boys' and Gir1s' Club 1/Vork for Prowers County hasbePn re.tber slow in eretti.nP" under way, the County being consider-ably hehind D good many other sections of the State. In 1919
but one club was o~ganized in thA County, this being the Bristol Registered Hampshire Pig Club. The work of this club was entirely successful, and a snlendid little show was given in the fall. In 1920 there was some inte:rest in club wo~k sbow11 .. but, owing to the
lack of efficient local leaders,
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three clubs were organized. The Bristol Pig Club continued its work, there being ei~ht boys he.vin~ registered Hampshire pigs."lso 8. garden club was OX'ga.nized in Holly under the
leader-ship of Mr. C. F. Lucas. This club f-inished with five boys. On the d~y lands soutD of Lamar there was interest in poultry work, e.rd a boys' P..nd girls 'poultry club •Nas oPganized at the Mt. Zion School Fouse with Mrs . C:tarles G. Bethurum as leader. The success of these clubs the past year has. put the wor-k in favor with the farm;j...,_ , and the:re is considerable demand for clubs for the coming year .. Poultry a11d pig clubs can be organized at . Holly with a call comi ·· from the southeast portion of tbe County for clubs through several of the rural schools. At Bristol probably one or two more pig clubs can be organized and also poultry clubs. In Lamar and vicinity there is a great deal of interest being shown in dairy calf clubs, to be fostered by the Prowers County Dairy Breeders' Association; also an interest in a registered Hereford calf club i besides poultry and garden clubs. Also , at Wi ley it would be very
easy to organize several pig clubs.
C R 0 P I M P R 0 V E M E N T
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~-Horticulture in Prowers County is a very minor line of work. The orchards are confined mostly to home orchards, and the
crops on these are somewhat uncertain. As to berries, potatoes and crops of this nature, ther·e. is practically none. However, there is considerable interest in the home orchards and berry patches that we have. The County Agent has a number of calls throughout the year to help in the problems of pruning, spraying, cultivation and
similar problems. Owing to the smallness of the industry pruning and spraying demonstrations have not been held this ~ear. The
spray-ing is generally ineffective because of lack of equipment for this work. Small hand power outfits are to be found, but the work is
not thorough enough to get good results. However, several of the better orchards have been kept reasonably clean of insects. 'l'l1iS is an indust1..,y whicn could be a large factor in improv·ing the home life of the farms of the County. Several flourishing small orchards are to be found on the dry lands, especially where they could be watered onae or twice during the year from wind-mills or wells .
lHRIGATED PASTDrtES
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---because of the importance of the dairy industry in this liounty, a great deal of interest has cc.ute[·ed around tne efforts made to produce irrigated pastures. These efforts in the past have largely been failures, and, owing to the similar-ity of our conditions to other places where irrigated pastures are a success, the County Agent, in company with R. W. Clark of the Extension Department, made a thorough i nvestigation with reference to the irrigated pastures. In conference with the men who had attempted to raise irrigated pastures several interesting facts were brought out. By using a combination of broom grass, meadow fescue, orchard grass and alsaik in equal parts the American Eeet Sugar Company has made a real success of irrigated pastures. They have a number of such pastures on their farms. It was found that where the failures in the work occurred a good stand had been secured early in the season but in midsummer water was not
available , and the pasture died out at this time. It seems that wherever water is available when it is needed the crops are a
success, but under our system of irrigation sometimes-six ~eeks
or two months elapse in midsummer between irrigations, , hich is too long for irrigated pastures. Another interesting feature which was shown was the fact that wherever _sweet clover to any
large extent was sown in the mixture the sweet clover choked out the other grasses. It is recommended that sweet clover be left out of the grass mixtures or used in small amounts only. The
stands of grass on the American Pee+, Sugar Farms support about two cows per acre throughout the growing months and are a very impor-tant factor in the success of dairies of this company.
Both the white and the yellow sweet clovers do especial-ly well under most all of the conditions wh'ich we have in this Valley and are rapidly gaining in favor for use as pastures. ~he
danger of bloat is slight, and the growth is abundant. However, in some cases the live stock must be educated to eat the sweet clover. The big objection to this forage is the fact that if the cows are left in the pasture until milking time ttemilk is tainted; hence it is not as desirable as it might be . Bowever, by careful atten-tion to the dairy herd and by removing the cows from the pasture by the middle of t be afternoon, or earlier, this trouble is overcome.
During the spring there was a representative in the county from a bacterial house in California who was making every
effort to sell large quantities of legume bacteria in cultures to our farmers. After investigation the County Agent recommended to our farmers that this bacteria was not nebessar~ under our condi-tions. However , h e advised several who wished to do so to try these cultures in an experimental way. At least four such demon-strations were made and, in each case, it was shovirn that the bac-terial cultures as sold by this representative did not benefit the crop in any way . The stand was no better, the growth was no better and, although it did not appear to harm the crop it did no good. Hovvever, these demonstrations were conclusive in showing that we do not need a legume bacterial culture in planting the legumes such as alfalfa and the clovers in our soils and under our
con-ditions. ·
Among some farmers on the dry lands there is a great deal of interest shown in attempting to grow dry land alfalfa. ','ii th this in viev.r there have been a number of plots planted , both i:n rows and broadcast, with varying results. ~ e have several very splendid fields of dry land alfalfa which yield from a quarter of a ton to a ton and a half per acre. In the Ulearvie\V section, under the leadership of Mr. Brookshire, a hundred pounds of Grims Alfalfa seed Vir&..s secured last spring , ten pounds to be distributed
to each of ten farms. It vla s propot?ed that this seed should be planted under varying conditions, some in rovvs, some broadcast, some in fallO\Y so il and others in stubble. However, o v~ ing to weather conditions early in the season ana the great destruction by grasshoppers a little later it was deemed desirable to postpone this :planting until fall, or the follo;;ring sprL11.g. When fall came it was again postponed until the spring of 1921. These demonLtra-t ions vvhen demonLtra-they gedemonLtra-t uncler way should be very interesting to all concerned.
In
the middle of the summer during the harvesting of the first cutting of hay the hay specialist from the Extension Depart-ment v;.ras in the county investigating the methods of stacking haw as practiced here with a view to securing data which will be of benefit to our farmers in the hay stacking in the future. Thedifferent types of stackers used were investigated , and the type of stack as built here and other J?Oi~'ts t~at' weTe brought out. This data should be available to our farmers in the near future and should aid in the caring for our hay crop here. The County Agent would make the criticism that we do not build our stacks per-manently enough here, making stacks Vi.rhich resemble :piles of hay more than real stacks.
Of
course it io the idea that these stacksshould not stand very long , but heavy rain storms make very poor hay in theEe stacks. The County Agent would make the recommendation that another year some demonstrations with the use of sulphur as a fertilizer on our alfalfa fie·lds be made.
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Q~~~~~!Q~The Holly Dairy Day was held on the 8th of ~pril, and one of the invited guests from the east was Mr. Joy Morton of Chi,cago,
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who is the son of the founder of Arbor Day . The time of the Dairy
Shovv being so close to Arbor Day , it was decided that it ~·:auld be
a compliment to Mr . Morton and to the City of Holly to invite him to participate in some kind of an Arbor Day celebration. With this in vievr a committee was appo i nted to invite Mr. Uorton to plant
a tree and make an address upon the subject.of Arbor Tiay . This
committee prepared the program in connection liVi th the Holly High
,'Jchool , and the program uras held as planned , Mr . Morton ~planting
a tree and making an address . Tb.ere were approxim~tely three
hundl"ed people Y':ho attended this ceremony. At the present time this tree is alive and promises to be an item of interest in the future history of Holly.
CORN VARIETY TESTS
As a continuation of some of the corn demonstration work \nrhich l"ras done last year, several of the farmers undertook
some variety demonstrations for this year~ there being five of these men '~Nho successfully carried on these demonstrations.
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P. Gilbert, a dairyman living west of Lamar,carried on demonstrations of Stowell's Evergreen, Golden Glow, Rice Popcorn , Iowa Silvermine , .litgyptian Plour Corn and Luce's Favorite , the latter two varieties being gro"'.vn t0 see i~ tney were adapted to conditions in this locality.
The Golden Glow was planted in a plat where a sheep feeding corral had been, and fer this reason a
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mber of the hills \rvere destroyed by grub worms , leaving an imperfect stand. The stalks were large and leafy, the ~ars being good and well filled, but they \"Jere considerably damaged by the corn ear worm . From this trial the Golden Glow .was found to be a very good variety for this section.The Rice Popcorn is considered by Mr. Gilbert to have yielded more grain than any other variety tried.
The Stowell's :tvergreen was marketed in the roasting ear stage , and the stalks weTe used as a soiling ·crop, the corn which me.tured being unsalable.
The Iowa ~ilvermine is one of the standard varieties here and. always meets with approval and success.
The Egyptian Flour Corn proved to be a very fair silage corn but from the standpoint of grain is not to be recowmended.
This is the second year that llr. Gilbert has tried the Luce's Favorite and he has decided that other varieties are much more successful here than this variety, the original seed of v.rhich was secured from New York.
Mr . Gus Center carried on some other variety demonstra-tions, using the ordinary varieties grovvn her-e in com_pet i tion Y'i th the Golden Glow , the seec1 of which was fui'ni2;hed by the 0ounty Agent but secured fTom Rooky 1ord. The Golden Glow was planted
on rather unfavorable soil , not having been cultivated the previous two years and being someVirha t heavy and seepy. The stalks grew very well , but under these conditions it was found that the ears did not develop as well a.s could be expected, there being about eighty per cent of the seed 1Nhich matured, this being selected for a continua-tion of the demonstracontinua-tion another year.
Mr. VV'. N. Brisky also grew the Golden Glow e.nd some other varieties. This he planted too close to another variety to insure the purity of the seed. l1hifl crop was also somewhat
late and did not fully mature before the end of the season, but the topnage for silage was excellent. Mr. Brisky did not think that the corn did as well as t he Silvermine which he grew in his main field.
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Mr. Bert Sterrett of Bristol raised the Golden Glow with other varieties, the main one s being Iowa Silvermine and the Bloody Butcher. All these varieties di 0 exceptionally wel\, and t hele really does not seem to be any particular variety ~·
which s tood out over the others. · ~~
The fundamental idea of these tests was to introduce Golden GloTI in this community, as a possible corn to supplant s ::me of the varieties ·vrhich vle are growing , it · being highly re-comn1ended from some of the Counties furth er up the Valley, par-ticularly Otero County, and t h is, the first year •·s work with this corn , gives indj_cations that it will equal if not supplant
the standard varieties , which are the Iovra Silver-mine , the Leaning's
Yello~;, Dent and the Bloody Butcher.
The report from the other demonst r ator has not been ·available so can not be reported s,t this time. In the opinion
of the County ; ... gent, a great deal of work on corn varieties , on s eed selection and seed ~esting can be done in future work here .
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Small Grains
---
---The wheat in Prowe_·s County has a tendency to have considerable smut, some years being worse than others. There , however, is a growing inclination of the farmers to treat the
seed. No demonstrations in t ' ... is ·work have been made this year, but the methods have been kept before the ft:trmers through dis-cussions at farmers' meetings and newspaper publicity , also
bul-letins have been given out. 1ihe wheat this year was more
dis-c ..
~"·~:, eased than usual, and ·because of the damage during the summer-- crop there has been a great deal of inquiry regardirg the
hand-'\ ling of thi E disease during the fall. The ,~:ork in the seed
} treating has been done entirely by individual efforts.
~here
has been a great deal of interestsho~~
inintro-.. :-., ducing 'Kanred wheat in this County because of the reports which
have oeen received on the superiority of this crop in Kansas . 'l1he
past year there were three fields of this wheat planted , and they did ver:~.ell, equally as good or better than the ordinary Turkey
. Red whe2t . The County Agent inspected one field at the Manvel
]1arm se al times, and, considering conditions, the crop was
splendid. However , the soil was not as good as it might have been.
Also , a .field on the ranch of Pre.nk l:cKinney \'~Ias inspected, and
the r~1heat here sho\'ved up very wej_l in comparison with the other
varieties. However , the seed .on this field was not tre&ted, and
at least
10;·;
of the crop was lobt because of smut. On the ranchof Blmer w·agner , north of Lamar, a very splendid showing vvas made with an estimate of several bushels to the ac_e better than the
Turkey Red . This wheat \7B.S thrashed and cleaned in all three
in-stances , and the seed v.ra::-; redistributed amonE our farmers .for next year ' s crop Vi.'i th the exception of about three tons from the
11anvel ]'arm, ?~nich was sent to Ro cky Ford. The local mills
re-fused to handle the Kanred Wheat , claiming it was not as good as the Turkey Red for milling :purposes , and they ·were making an ef-fort to discourage its planting . However , this is a point which
future crops will bring out. ·
·-' everal fields Vfere brought to the County .Agent ' s at-tention which sho\ved distinct Hessian Fly injury. A sample was sent to the State Agronomist , who declared it to be 2 essian Fly injury, 1vhich confirmed the opinion of the County J1gent . One
field showed perhaps a lOfo damage. HoV~.rever, it is not the
opin-ion of the County Agent that this is anything to become alarmed at because' it seems that records sho1,v that Hessian J:ily injury has shown up here previously but ha.s not been serious.
Another matter pertaining to the train ·work in the County thi ::. year was the diSI)OSi tion of the thrasher men to club . together and attempt to get a price which seemed to the farmers unree-sona·ble for the thrashing of the grain • .i:" .. numbe.c of
meetings were held by the farmers and threashermen in 2,n effort
to get togetl·_er on a price which '.'ould be fair to all. It was
t~e sentiment of the farmers that the thrashermen should get a
price "~Nhich would make them good money on their investment and
for their time, and, after considerable discussion back and forth, the farmer .- set a price which they would pay and , if the
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thrashing machine owners did not wish to do the work for this price the farmers planned tentatively neighborhood threshing
rings, the idea being to club together and advance their·
approxi-ma.te thrashing bills and buy small outfits. As to the power, there are.sufficient tractors among the farme::s to furnish all the :power
r1ecessary. .t!.t first the thrashing machine OINners refused to
ac-cept the prices as set, which were 15 cents per bushel for wheat
and 1~ cents fo1 barley and oats, the idea being advancecl. that
ac-cording to conditions this year as compared to last tl1e thrashing macrine owners could make very good money at this pri ce. The
thrashing machine crew as furnished by the O\vner was to consist of the uLual engineer, separator man and bundle pi tellers, he also furnishing the fuel and the board. HO\Jever, several co!11nuni ty outfits were bought by the ft:rmerP and used very sat isfactorily.
s the season adve.nced, the thrashing machine men themselves be-gan to cut the prices on each other, and before the wheat
thrash-ing season was over they Tvve_ e thrashthrash-ing wheat for 12 cents a. bushel
and declaring that they 1'~Jere making goocl money. This trouble ·was
brought· on by severa.l men from Kansas \1\.rho brought outfits into this
County and eX]_Jected to clean up a great deal f money at exorbitant
pri ces, expecting to got as much as 20 cents a bushel for the thrash-ing. Hor1ever , the wheat crop here vras exceptionally fine this year ,
and the amount of straw was comparatively small in co··::parison 1Ni th
the e.mount of grain, and tne v:ork 1)rogressed very rapidly.
On our dry land farms it is very difficult to secure a
permanent pa.sture or hay grass of any kind. As an annual, ~udan
Grass does very ·p_rell for this purpooe , but for a permanent grass
it seems that .r.!e have not yet sec1.rred the necessary type. However,
in a discussion vvhich came up at a meeting at the Clearview School House early in the spring, the Uounty .Agent suggested that an
in-vestigation be made relative to the merits of Johnson Grass. ~.: o
his knowledge, this grass had been tried upon a number of farms in the dr;y land section south of Holly, and it \Vas suggested. that a trip be made by several of the fe.rmers of the Clearview section to secure an:y· available information regarding this :forage crop.
ccording to this plan , a trip was made in the County Agent 's car with four of the interested farmel"S from the Clearviev.r section, and the entire day was spent in a trip in the country south of
Holly and interviewing the farmeTs relative to their e~)eriences
,~,ith the Johnson Grass and othel ... relative subjects. r·he
informa-tion as secured is about as follows. The John~.:Jon Grass \vas
plant-ed first five or six ;years ago on about four :farms, and the first
:vear the stand was not encom·aging. Hor.reve:r, it '.':·as used as
pas-ture and allowed to go to seed and in several instances additional
seed ':!as sovrn the following SJ?ring. It ;,vas folmd that the Johnson
Grass ~vinter kills to some extent. Then the next year the farmers
listed rovl crops such as ~::tffir end .ni?.ize in these fields where the
Johnson Grass was present ana. cultivated and farmed the land the same as if no Jolmson Grass was in the field. This allowed lJ:racti-cally all the JohnE;on Grass to go to seed, and on several farms
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---·
.r:o.e-·e this practice has been follovved for two years there seems to be 8.n almost perfect stand of Johnso:n Grass, and in one field in particular it :L1as been out twice for hay, and.
at the time of inspection a very promising third crop was being gro\1trn. 1.1he J:'eport s of the use of the Jol1n~:..on Grass for forage and for hay were very encouraging. Of course, t~ere is some objection to using Johnson Grass because of its tendency to spread badly where it is not controlled, but if care is used and it is not allowed to go to seed it would not spread to any fields where it was not planted under OLU~ dry land conditions, and bQth the farmerf:. south of Holly and the ClearvieVJ.r farmers who ins ected the fields this year are very enthusiastic
regard-ing this grass as a possible solution of their hay and forage problems.
Early in the spring it came to the County Agent's at-tention that there was a great deal of interest in Holly rela-tive to having some 1\::ind of boys' ciubs. This interest Ta.s
fos-tered by the local Boy Scouts, and through their leader,
Mr.
C. F. Lucas, plans were made for the orga.nizc.: .. tion of a garden
club. In an interview ViTi th the ~resident of the local Civic Association, permission was secured to use a plat of gro1.md in
the city limits ~.r..rhich eventuall~y- Y!Till be made into a }?lay ground for the boys and rirls. This plat has .been carefully plowed, manured and worked for the past tv;,ro or three years, and the sup-position was that it should grow splendid gardens. Accordingly, under the guidance of Mr. Lucas, seve:c·al meetings we._ e held \llli th the Bov Scouts, and those interested were induced to go into the work.
n i th the aic1 of Miss Kennedy, Assistant State Club Leader, the club was organized and the year 's work mal=>ped out.
•ight boys planned g~rdens, all having the same crops in their g ardens. As the season advanced three of these boys dropped o~t and sold their gardens to come V.tho vvej~e more interested. ueveral of the boys sold a good deal of garden produce f~m these plots and vvere nicely remunerated for their year's vJor~ Tr1iB work was carefully supervised bythe local leader, and at intervals
during the summer the County Agent ·\vould inspect the gardens and note the progress made~ One of the rewards as planned for the boys who successfully carriecl this '!Ork through rras a trip to the Boys' and Girls' Camp at the State :B'air. Several days previous
to the State Fair the gardens were carefully inspected and the records checked up and the five boys who finished the year 's work Vi'ele.given the opportunity to go to the :Lair, but ~our of them
caring to take advantage of the opportunity. These boys were taken to Pueble by ~r. Lucas in his car, rfuo acted as their guide and
companion during the three days they ~ere there. It ie needless
to say they are very enthusiastic over the Club work and secured a g:ceat deal of benefit from their yes,r' s ~·.rork. Another year all indications are that seve~al such Garden Clubs can oe organized in the Holly district.
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1 I V E S T 0 C K
The second year of work of the Holly Co-operative Live Stock Shipping Jl.ssociation has been successful, but not a great deal of live stock vvas shipped. The policy· of the As so cia tion has been not to make a great many shipments but to kee1) active enough to keep the :prices offered by the local buyers to the fe.rmers for live stock within reasonable reach of the market prices as quoted from the
cen-tral markets. Only two car loads of live s tock were shipped , there being ninety-seven head of animals, including sixty-three head of catt~e and thirty-four hogs. ·The money retur~ from these ~ipments was $4,625.00 with a saving of approximately ~375.00 to the farmer
over and above the price offered by local buyers. There were sev-eral other shipments vrhich might have been made but were prevented bece,use of a quarantine placed upon the cattle of this section
re-quiring them to be dipped. before being shipped, ancl, s ince a number of the small stack grow·ers had failed to comply with this order, their cattle could not be moved.
The Association has thirty-four active members, the of-ficers being Mr. J. H. Leonard, President; Mr.
·.1 .
·~J . 'Vright , Vice-pres ident; a.nd Mr •• 1.. Bauer, Manager. The enti:te S1:i.Ccess andlife of this Association is due to the efforts of Mr. Bauer, who has been a very faithful manager. Another item of interest is the
fact that during the surrm1er a meeting of the managers of all of the shipping associations of the State was held in Denver with a view to forming a te,tn organization. 1-fr. Bauer was elected Vice-presi-dent of this organization.
There should be several other live stock shi pping asso-ciations in Prowers Connty, end it would require very little work to form these associations, and the benefits to the farmers would be large . The County ~gent would suggest that associations be formed at Bristol and ~~iley and Lemar or an organization th:rough the farmer~-, at Kornman. The n_en Ti'Fho are pB.rticularly interes.ted in these associations are Mr. Starbuck at Bristol, Mr. Halph Smith at Carlton, lv!r. V. N. Brisky, west of Lamar, Mr. C. B. Ray of Lamar,
and Mr. F. A . Froman of ·~iiley . 1;_ great many other men have made
in-quiries regarding the workings of these associations and the feasi-bility of their organization here .
This, the third year's work of The ~rkansas Valley Cow Testing Association, has been very successful from p1·actically every point.of view. Mr. Robert Boerner, who was the cow tester at the close of last year, resigned in December , and the work was taken over- by J,:Ir. H .• lv:. Read on the 26th day of January, v;,rho
con-tinued through the season until the first of October .
Hr.
Read's work has been very efficient, ana his personality and qualifica-tions have made him a rvery important factor in the upbuilding ofindustry of the County. uring the season just past , there have been 420 cows on test; there have been a total of 18 herds in this test, the rest of the month being taken up by semi- officia.l lii!Ork, there being three herds that carried on this semi-official work, in-cluding the Model Dairy at Holly, The American Beet Sugar Center Farm at Lamar and the herd of Mrs. raxwell north of Lamar. The dairymen who are in the Cow Testing Association are among the most progressive and up-to-date men that \Ve have in the Valley. There are approximately 80 registered Holstein cows OVi.rned by the members of the Associc-.. tion. All the herds are headed by pure bred sires, and the tendency is to cull very heavily among these herds. There is a total of' 21 silos on the farms of these herds , sixteen members hav-ing silos. All the herds are milked by milkhav-ing machines , and their success is almost universal . :~£ach member pays qn the basis of $2 . 00
per cow for the season, which makes a total of $1260 . 00 available ·for financing the Association ' s vl!ork. The remainder of the finances
comes from the herds that are carrying on semi-official work in ad-aition to the regular cow testing work , each herd paying ~6 . 00 a
day for the time spent in this work . Every third month the semi-official work i2 checked up by an outsider who is sent here for that purpose by the State Dairy Co~missioner . There have been approximately 16 co\vs on this semi-official work . There have been a number of meetin~, s of the Directors of the As so cia.tion throughout the year , and the financial reports of the cow tester and the d~iry conditions in general have been discussed and
pl!:;ns made for work along these lines. On :Uecer.1ber 27 , 1919 ,
the annual meeting of the members of the Association was held , at which time the work , past, present and future , was thoroughly discussed and plans made. Officers and Directors for the coming ~ear were elected as follows : Mr . ·7. ~ . Partridge, President; J . H. Leonard , Vice-president; Harry Heath , Treasurer . These men , with Mr. F. ll. . Froman and F. I. Reynolds , will constitute the
Board of Directors and vrill really have the management of the Association in their hands. Miss Lucile Max.Nell was again
elected as Secretary for the Association and served until about the middle of the summer , when she resigned , and Miss Burns was selected to fill the vacancy.
As an outgrowth of the Holly Holstein Breeders ' Associa-tion several years· ago , a farmer's organizaAssocia-tion was formed vrhich had for its pm·pose social gatherings of its members , and at the meetings the educational side of the dairy business was taken up . The regular annual meeting of the Cow Club •,vas held on January lOth ~ith a very good attendance . ~t this meeting the work of the Association for the year just past \VB.8 reviewed , and the treasurer
reported the finances of the Club in good condition , and some of the work for the coming year was discussed . The election of of-· ficers took place , at ~:vhich time Mr. W. S. Partridge 1;vas elected President , Mr. J • ./1 . Pierce , Vice-president and Mr .
c.
~- . Hampton , Secretary and ireasurer..A
number of i portant things have been accomplished by The Holly Cow Club during the past year . The really big accomplishment was the staging of the Holly -.airy Sh01N in .April. Ee.rly in the vvinter a dairy school was held with Mr . P. J. Clark , liVe stock specialist from the extensionc
service of the College, in charge. The Cow Club has been a great help to the County Agent and others in simila.r lines of work in practically every undertaking vrhich has been tried in the east end , of the County, these including the grasshopper pest district work , the cooperative shipping association and many other items. fueet
-ings have been held at intervals throughout the year , ~nd some very interesting discussions and enjoyable times have been had.
Under t11e leadership of The Holly COY7 Club , a Dairy Extension School was held in Holly during the third week in
] 1ebruary , this being the third year that the Extension :;chool has been held here. Plans were made early in J)ecember and dates se -cured from the ~xtension Service and a corm1ittee appointed to have the work of the Extension ~chciol in charge. Owing to the severity
of the influenza outbreak at this time, and because of extremely severe weather , the attendance was not ·nrhat had been hoped for, the average attendance for each day being about fourteen. Mr .
Clark took up a number of interesting phases of the dairy \Vork, including balanced ·rations, better breeding, the care of the
dairy calf and other allied rubjects . It is needless to say that most of our dairymen who have been in attendance at these
Exten-sion Schools for the past three years have received a great deal of benefit from them and can balance their o~~ feeding rations and do other important work in connection with their dairies.
One of the very important phases of the Dairy ~chool \Vas a banquet given on the evening of the closing day, at which time a:p:proxime,te-ly eighty farmers and their vJi ves were present . A very interesting program was given, and everyone spoke highly of the work of the Extension Schoo l.
This being the second year for ~he Bristol Pig Club, the work was undertaken in about the same line as was taken up last year.
Early in the season Mr.
c.
L. Crutcher, who was the local leader of the boys last year , signified his desire and ,,,..rillingness to again look after the <vork this coming year. He interviewed a number of boys and their parents \Vi th a view to interesting them in getting into the club for the coming year . A number of the boys who were in the Club G. year ago had carried their gilts through the winter , and all were doing nicely. Unfortunately they were not a.ll bred atthe right time, so the boys did not have young pigs for sale a.s had been expected. ~he Cotmty Agent and ~r . Crutcher spent several days
in interviewing the boys and their parents and in getting the feel-ing of the people relative to the Club~ The Club \vas ·reorganized the first week in June, and Mr. C. L. Crutcher waB selected as local leader. Jimm.ie Gardetto WfH3 e lee ted President; Byrd Justice, Vice-president; 3am Vagher, Secretary and Robert Baird, Treasurer. At this meeting a nun1ber of boys were present , and the parents of a good many were there. after the organization of the Club, the mat-ter of feedin~J, and the care of pigs was discussed, the keeping of records on feeding and weight r·ecords was explained, and other mat-ters taken up. ~~· n~ou.':nout the summer, whenever it was possible,
was a great help. He planned a feeding demonstration with the boys · rl.:.ich covered ninety days , and the results of this ·v'.rere very
in-teresting to all. Heetings were held about once a month
through-out the summer , and the progress of the work v:rab discussed and
plans made earlJr for the show and contest it.rhich 'Nas to take place
in the fall. Shortly before the State Fair , the County Agent , in
company with Mr . Crutcher and Dr . Paxton of
Lamar ,
called at thevarious farms and judged the pigs and selected the one \FJhich \vas
the bert individual to be sent to the State ~-,air . .Lr . Paxton did ·
the selecting , and the p ig which belonged to Rollie ~ellers 1.vas
se-lected. This entitled Rolli'e to a. trip to the :-tate Fair , his
ex-penses being paid by the State Fair Aesociation. J~ater ., Byrd Justice
decided to accompany Rollie , and the two of them hac1 a very good time
at Pueblo. lith the exhibit and Pig Club Sho1.v which was given a year
ago as a nucleus from which to start , the Bristol Community Fair was
organized and staged this fall, the contest between tne boys being one of the main features. Zi?ht boys started the work and carried it through the season, no one dropping out.
RANG:~ CATTLE
The beef cattle industry is one of the main industries of Prowers County. Ho1vever , there are a good mariy po ints vJhich have taken considerable time during the past year . Earlw in the season the matter of contagious abortion among the range herds was brought to the attention of the County Agent , who , · in company with one of the local veterinarians, spent some time among the
r_erds s.nd noted the cJnditions. It .Jas found that some of the herds were very badly infected. One small bunch of about
twenty-eight cows re~orted a loss of seven calves out of ten with three
of the covvs dying at the time of aborting. Other herds were found to be -practically clean. 1:he work that 1-_ae been done. in bettering this situation has been handled. entirely by the local veterinarians· •
•
Early in the season the State Veterinarian issued an order the.t certain sections of the State should be q_uareJntined and
all cattle dipped at lea~t twice. It "'Jas not mal1.e com1Julsory that
the cattle v~rhich stayed in the locality should be quarantined , but
everything shipped must shov.r a certific&te issued by a local stock
ins~ector. The work in this vicinity ~as handled by the local
in-spector under the guidance of M:r. 11T. J. Me illen, \"rho is a member
of the State Board of Stock InsrJection. On the Hhole , practically all the herds were dipped , but, of course, some were not . However , it is expected that the quarantine will be kept on until the con-dition of the cattle here improves.
Our v.rinters here being .~· enerally open and the grass
bare practically all 'J!tinter , our stockmen hB-ve in the p~ st made
very little preparation for the shelter and feeding of their herds during times of storm. During the season of 1918-1919, a very lerge percentage of the live stock in the County was lost, the estima.tes ru:nDinp about 14 to 18;S..""" The anim:?~ls which ctid. live through the 1rvinter reTe in very poor condition \!l.rhen spring came, and the calf crops in the springs of 1919 and 1920 were light. The ·vvinter of 1919-1920 was COIDJ?crative1y an open and. mild Eeason
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with the exception of several very severe storms in l·JOvember of
1919 and one ~ery severe blizzard in pril of 1 20. uring the
latter blizzard, a large number of losses v1ere reported, one man losing approximately five hundred head of animals. One sheep man,
v~hJ -..-ras lambing his bunch on the prairie, reported a loss of
fifteen hundred lambs in one night. There i s one recommendation which the County ·gent would make, that being that each live stock man enter the winter with only enou.sh animals that he can care for
personally. In the past , it has been too much of
=
gamble, andmany men ~'lave taken risks ·:hich have lmen unwarranted, and great
losses have occur1ed at times. There is a tendency for the big
stock man to become more and more of a fa:cmer and cut do1~rn the
size of hib herds and the size of _his land holdings, Bnd he is being rapidly replaced by the homesteader and settler, who farms a portion of hi.s land and has a small bunch of stock, rocking pro
-vision for feed and shelter during storms. Another noticeable feature i that, to some extent, at least whe:r·e me.. rkets are \vi thin reach,
the range cow is being replaced by the dai ty type of ·cow. 1'his ,
to tne mind of the :~onnty .Agent , is an indication of moro permanent
settlers ancl a mo-~e permanent type of fanning.
About the last of August , it came to the attention of ti~e
·local veterinarians that every inuication of a severe outbreak of anthrax had occurred in the cattle herd of Mr. James Cushney \Vest
of Lamar. Post -mortems were Leld and materials ~Nere sent to the State
Laboratories, which confirmed the suspicion. rrhis outbreak spread to a gre8t many herds in this district, and the loss was quite severe in some cases. The veterinarians visited prpctically all the herds in this locality, and, after several weeks, the disease vvras under control • Ho1rever , ·,.r:rile it lasted, the losses were heavy.
Another matter \~!hicb came to the attention of the ':Jaunty
Agent and in , ... 'hich he spent several days 1Yas the report of live
stock poisoning both on dry land pastures and eeep pastures of the
ValleY. Usually in comJ>any vri th one of the local veterilal.rians,
the Uounty Agent carefull. inspected the lJasttrres , and iv some in-stances post-mortems were held . On the dry lands, these losses were geneTally traced to larkspur or loco, 2.nd in one instance at lesst it was traced to cockle bur poisoning. The seep pasture
poisoning has never be~n satisfactorily solved. Lo~ses are being
reported practically every year, but the exact nature of the weed or gress which is causing these losses has not been determined. In some instances e-t least, it can be laid to horsetail, and in qthers perhaps to poison milJD.li.reed, which is rapidly spreading in this por-tion of the Valley. veveral losses a.uring the \!inter were also
at-tributed to the dry stalks of the :poison milkvveed. ...__'VeTy yee.r l':e
stand considerable loss thTough carelessness or negligence in let-ting live stock get into cane fields or c£ne stubble and getlet-ting
poisoned in this
way.
In the matter of nure bred live stoclc alone the beerr breeds, there seems to be )erhaps bOrne imJ?rovemen t. Ho1vever , the majority of our ranc':e men use grade bulls on their herds, Lnd the type of cattle \lhich . re hQ.ve ":he-re is not the beot because of the
