Articles, invitations and mailings

A CHALLENGE FROM THE PEACE CORPS. The Honorable Roy Romer

Governor of Colorado

and

Loret

Miller Ruppe

Director of the Peace Corps

request the pleasure of your

company

at a luncheon to join in Peace Corps outreach

to the public and private sectors

and to honor

Peace Corps' Leadership for Peace Award recipients

Thursday, July 14th at 12 o'clock noon The Brown Palace Hotel

321 17th Street Denver RSVP by July 12th by calling

(303)ffl-1057

,4hlR-/&S7

Presentation of "Leader for Peace" awards

by Loret Miller Ruppe to the

following individuals and

instituitons for their outstanding

support and important

contributions to the Peace Corps to promote peace

through service in the developing world.

The Honorable Roy Romer

State of Colorado

Philipp Austin

President

,

Colorado State University

Asante

sa1amat Pa

Abaraka

~uka:tt

Thank You

~·w~~i-MO

muchas Gracias

ffierci

Jararnan

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REQUESTS

I. This card is not to be transferred to any person•

2· Guests will only be admitted. to the Reception on production of this card. 3. Guests are requested to be in their

seats by 3-30 p.m. Gate will be closed ot 3-30 p.m. They are further reques ft!d not to leave till His Excel/ency has left.

R.S.V.P.

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Social Welfare Officer, Municipal Corporation, Lahore Phone Na. 2527

•

U. S. ?E/.CE CO!-:P~, V()IJ_TNTEERS 3-WEEK ORIEJ1JT;:noN COuRS[

University To

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,i- The Volunteers '·Jill be arriving in Peshawar

by air on Saturday, Decer;ber

9

,

1961. Arrange,r.ents for their reception ::i.nd

transport w i 11 be m2de by the

),.dministrative Officer (Fl/Lt .Alamzeb).

-l~ On Sunday, December 1 0, 1

96

1

,

a rece:-;t ion -w i 11 be held in the front lawn of Hostel Do.1

cf the Acader:iy at 15-JO hrs, by tte General .Adcdnistration Com,:'littee of the Academy.

,~ Enoagescnt s of the Voluntczrs h]twzen 19-30 aod · 20.00 hrs each day·will be announced as they are f ix2d.

-1~ Det8.ils of f ield trip~ wiH he communicated t o

the Volunteers subsequently.

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WORF..HJG

SCHEDULE

HONDJ:\Y

December 11

08-00

10-00

Registration and f illing up of the bio-data forms. 1-\ddrc s s of We le ome and aims

nnd object bes of the J\caderriy

Idms and objectives of the

orientation cour se 10-30 B

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Guest

Si-;,eal.;:ers

P;LI\.SE I- PAJU~;Tf'-dl - AT: IDEA IS BORT.l Pane 1 incharge

11-00 Introductory ReJ11arks

11-15 Rel igiousJ natiomlistic and

pol itical trends which led t o

r\-,'"Trs) ur. .. Sa 1 ir:1 Faculty ·Member incharae Research Committee Director Chairman

Training Committee

Raj:J. M. Afzal

rlr . Inayatullah

Dr. Ansari

Raja

TL.

i\fza.l

12

-

15

Pakistan - reconstruct ion of ,'1ama _·,llauddin Er . Inay2.t society on Isl?aiic idealogical Siddiqui h2.s is

1

5

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30

Urdu Language TUESD.S December .

1

2

08

-

00

Socio-?sychological i~~act of

the western concept on

s2 lf-determinat ion

0

9

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3

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Socio-cultural factors of Musl i:11 society in Indo

-Pak istan sub-continent

11

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.

n overv i..;1,,r of :;:iub 1 ic

administrative structure as

an 2l~ment in building the

idea· of 1-1:=:k i stan

12

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Examination of economic climate le2dins to the reinforceMent of

conce)t of Pakistan

15

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Urdu Language I"lr . H3.uf

•-•

Dr. I-b.miduddin Dr . ,,ns::tr i Ch2udhri Hohd .-.li Dr. Kiani Hr. lfa ider Raja N. /,fzal Raja M. ;,fzal

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11

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TO His Excellency

Dr. h. c. Heinrich Luebke

PRESIDENT OF

THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY at

l?tTt2EN5' ~El?EPTfON

in SHALIMAR GARDENS on SUNDAY, 18th NOVEMBER, 1962.

Your Excellency

&

Madame Luebke,

We, the citizens of Lahore, offer you a

most hearty welcome on your arrival in this

great historical city. It is a matter of great

honour for us that we have this afternoon

among us Your Excellency, Madame Luebke

and distinguished members of the entourage.

Your Excellency,

The golden example of courage, tenacity

and sagacity set by the German nation in

re-building their country after the

devasta-tion of the last World War will ever remain

fresh in the memory of the contemporary

world.

The German

people by sheer

perseverance, grim determination and hard

work have not only revived their past glory

but have succeeded in ushering a glorious

new era of progress and prosperity, thus

enabling the German nation, once again to

stand on the highest pinnacle of greatness

and glory.

Your Excellency,

We are fully conscious that under your

German foreign policy has always been to

let peace prevail In the world and

,

that

international disputes be resolved by mutual

negotiations In a friendly atmosphere.

We

are also conscious that Madame Luebke has

been constantly engaged in activities

relat-ed to national uplift and public weal and

welfare. We, Your Excellency, pray to

God Almighty that He in His infinite mercy

may bestow upon both of you His choicest

blessings so that the mission you have In

hand may be fulfilled.

Your Excellency,

Pakistan came Into being only

15

years

ago.

In this short period under the benign

guidance of some of our past leaders and

particularly under the leadership of Field

Marshal Muhammad Ayub Khan, President of

Pakistan,

we have made certain strides

towards development In our country. The

example set by the German nation by

re-building their country after the havoc

wrought by the last World War has

gladden-ed the hearts of the people of Pakistan. We

are

·

full of affection and appreciation for

your nationals who have joined hands

.

with

us in helping us to develop our country.

We ar

,

e gratefully conscious of

.

the

contri-bution which your country has made in

pro-viding an impetus to

.

our

.

industrial and

commercial enterprises.

.

The li

.

ving

exam-ples of friendly collaboration

..

in the field of

development between Germany and Pakistan

are the various industrial projects

in

Multan.

Your

_

Excellency,

The city of Lahore which you are

visit-ing today is not only a great historical city

of Pakistan but has a prominent position in

the whole of Asia. The history books are

replete with the historical greatness of this

city

.

.

The

.

magnificent buildings, artistically

laid

.

garden$ and ancient monuments

re-mind us

.

of that glorious pedod when

the

~ity

of

Lahore was termed as "Paradise o~

'

earth".

The beautiful Shalimar

·

Gardens where

'

one of the most beautiful gardens in the

world and has the unique distinction ~here

the citizens of Lahore have entertained the

visiting Heads of the friendly States.

Your Excellency,

The Badshahi Mosque, Lahore Fort and

the Jehangir's Tomb which you saw this

morning reveal the artistic taste In

arch-aeology of the Moghul emperors. Lahore also

enjoys the distinction of being the seat of

art, culture and learning. It is the city of

Lahore which has produced most of our

prominent poets, writers and religious

leaders.

The

great

national

poet,

Allama Muhammad Iqbal, spent the greatest

part of his life in this city.

Allama Iqbal

had very intimate associations with your

great country as it was after higher

educa-tion in Germany that he came and settled

down in Lahore and acquired intellectual

fame for his poetry all over the world.

The idea of a free Islamic home-land for the

Muslims of the sub-continent of India was

put forward by this great national poet of

I

Pakistan, Allama Muhammad Iqbal and it

was in this very city of Lahore that a

resolu-tion, popularly known as "Pakistan

.

Resolu-tion". to have a separate home-land for the

Muslims, was passed in 1940.

Your Excellency,

We once again sincerely thank Your

Ex-cellency, Madame Luebke and distinguished

members of your entourage for the honour

you have done us by paying a visit to this

city despite your very busy programme.

Your Excellency's visit is yet another link

between the most friendly relations already

existing between the peoples of Germany

and Pakistan.

We are confident that after

this august visit of Your Excellency, the

pro-gramme of collaboration between the two

countries for implementing developmental

projects will receive great impetus. Finally

we request Your Excellency that on return

you may kindly convey to the brave German

people our warmest regards and best wishes

for their welfare.

.

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1 _{Editorial Board}

PLEASE REMEMBER!

Editor: Khalid Latif Shad

Sub Editors I Afzal Haq Sakhawat Ali Alvi Muhammad Anwar

No Noise in the Corridors.

No Stealing of Magazine from

the College Reading Room. Corresp1>ndents: Raees Ahmed Siddiqui

T H

.

LYallpur

··

Government

E

College

Zubair Masood

Gazette~

( Published on the 1st and 15th ef every month )

Vol. 3

Lyallpur, Satursday, December 1, 1962

No. 46

HOCKEY

THEY DO IT AT LAST !

A LUCKY STRIKE

.November 29, Our college Hockey Team defeated Emerson College Multan by the narrowe~t margin, in the

Punjab University Hockey

Championship Match at the

Grounds of Emerson College.

The m uc.h winner was scored

l>v Akram. Our I~0.;!~ds, tlie.

P~ojab University Champions

had to take out all that they

had in their bags to score this

win, This match was pla)led

on the 27th and ended in a

draw. · The deci~ive match

was played on the 29th where

our college won ,by one goal

to nil. The team captain

told our ::orrespondent that the ground W-iS slow and

un-satisfactory, hen :e this long drawu out contest.

This win takes u,; into the

zonal final which is to be

played against the Local

lslamia College,_ at their

g r o u n d on the 6th of

December.

PSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY

The following have been elected the office bearers of the society for the current

ses~ion:-Pr,sident

Ahsan Ahmad 4th year.

Vice President Khizar Aslam Secretary . 3rd year.

.

CRICKET

THE HEAVY PRICE

Our College Degree Cricket team lost to S. E. College

Bah-awalpur by 184 runs. They had

to pay a heavy price for their

over confidence. Perhaps the turf wicket was also the cause of this downfall. From our side only Khalid Nagra, the

skipper, put up some re sis tan ce,

scoring 25 in each innings.

The fi.,al ,c:fJr"S y1~re : -·

S.

£

.

C. Bahawalpur :- 91 and 304

G. C. Lyallpur :- 72 and 135

MATHEMATIC'S SOCIETY

Mathematics Societv is

to be reorganized and the

membership fee is 25 p,aisas.

After the enrolement drive is

over, election will be held for

the various offices of the

society.

Unwelcome American

An American Professor

who was to address the

Political Sdenci: Society of our college on 27th of Nov-ember has been wired by our Principal not to come. This

step has been taken because of

the present unfriendly

behav-iour of America towards Pakistan.

Americaµ who, upto the

prerent Sino - India border

dispute, professed unflinching friendship for Pakistan have turned coat and are helping

Justice Koyoni's Death

Condoled

Nov. 17, A meeting of

the staff and students was

held, today, in the college

hall to condole the sad

demise

of

Mr. Justice

·

Malik Rustam Kayani. The

mutiLg

pnued

,,

the

follQwing resolution :

-''The meeting of the

staff and students places

on record, its rleep sense

of sorrow at the sad and

sudden demise

of

Mr.

Justice M.

R. Kayani. Mr.

Kayani championed

the

cause of

human

rights and

upheld

the

dignity of his

officP, at a time wken

everybody was silent. He

will

alwavs be remembered

for

his humorous

.Yet

man-ly

spel'ches. With his

death a great ally of

de-mocratic rights has

been

taken away from our midst. Mr. Kayani was indeed a great man and a great judge and the staff and students of the Government College

Lyp.

offer their sincerest condolence to his

-

.·

• • 1 ' • j •,•

The Lyallpur G. C, Gazette, Saturday December, 1. 1962. 2

December 62 House Examination

Date Sheet For Science

Practicals.

.

Date Sheet For Intermediate Classes

Time :- 9

.00

a. m.

to 12

.

00 Noon

Morning

9.00

a.

m.

to

12.00

Noon

Evening

1.00

p.

m. to

6.

9

0

p.

m.

Date

_PRACTICA

_l,.

_{S-11 YEAR CLA~S}

& Class SUBJECT

Day

>,

...

>,

-~

..

b(

Date & fime en

-~

Botany 0

14.12.1962 I English

....

6

_g

..C1 QJ Friday ~ A _N II Economics 0 13 -12-19-62 A-1

A-2

-

-Morning 15.12. !962 I Urdu Compulsory 13-12-1962 B-1

B-2

Sature1ay

- -

-II History, Statistics Afternoon

14-12-1962 C-1 C-2 A-I A-2

17.12.1962 I Biology - Mathematics Morning

Monday _{15-12-1962 A-2 A-1}

-

-II Persian • lslamiat - Arabic ·

Morning

Urdu Elective - English

(Lit)

15-12-1962 B-2 B- 1

_{- -}

-- L . . -- --- j Afternoon

18. \2. \'962 I Economics - Physics _{17-12-196~ C-2 C-1 A-2 A-1}

Tuesday _Morning

II

English

1st

YEAR

...

19.12.1962 I Persian - Arabic - hlamiat "' u

...

..

>, l>O

Wednesday Urdu Elective - English

....

"' 0

Date & Time "' '§ Botany

-(Lit) - Chemistry >, 0 ..C1

.,

0 ~ ..C1 _N

u

ll Urdu Compulsory _{lU -12 - 1962 C-1 C-2}

_-

--Evening t

l

I

20 12.1962 I Civics - Psychology _{20-12-1962 B-1 B-2 A-1 A-2}

Thu_rsday ueogra pby _{. -Morning}

II l:Siology - Mathematics _{20-12-1962 A-1 A-2}

--Eve·ning ·

21.12 1962 11 Civics - P~ychology - Che- _21-12-1962 C-2 C-1

A-2

A-1

· Friday mi~try. _Morning

22-12 1962 B-2 8-1

--

--22 12.1962 I Hi~tory-- Statistics Morning

Satu1day

II

Physics· Geography. 22-12-1962 A-2 A-1

- -

.

I,

,

_,

,

_{._} ,

,-l

I

\ . I

The Lyallpur G. C. Gazette, Saturday 1, December 1962. 5

LETTERS TO

AN APPEAL

Sir,

I suggest that the rich students after passing their examinations sh.ould deposit their ttxt books in the library, so that the po::r students may be benifited there from.

Yours etc. Bashir Ahmed Khan IV year Roll No. 90.

FIRST YEAR "FOOLS"

Sir,

Every day in the sixth period the students of llth class rush to the corridor in

front of room No. I 1 and

make a great noise there. In

this way they disturb the

classes. I request the

autho-rities that thiy should teach

manners to th1 se first year fools.

Yours etc.

M. Anwar Saleemi

II

year Roll No. 347.

NOTB

The best way to te1ch

'fools' is to set on ex:imple.

The challenge should be accepted

by the senior students. To

talk endlessly is always foolish,

Could they curb this folly On

their own part?

Editor.

THE

-

EDITOR

NOISY CORRIDORS

Sir,

Students are generally

seen loitering in the college corridors, much to the incon-veioce of th!! students and the teachers in their class rooms.

Some times a number of

students are seen standing

before class rooms, talking at

the highest pitch of their

voices. Through the esteemed

College Gazette I _earnestly

beseech my .fellow students to

ab;tain from a pleasure which

may disturb others.

Sir,

Yours etc.

Saeed Gui

2nd year.

SECURITIES

The ex-president of the Students Union has failed to

return the amount of securities

deposited with him by the contestants to the various offices of the Union. As the gentleman is an honest feLow he 1s requested to do the needful immediately or else to

forego his claim to criticize

others.

Yours etc.

"One who knows"

SOCIITIIS

SOCIETY OF ISLAMIC

STUDIES

November 24, The

select-ion of the office-bearers of the Society of Islamic Studies for

the session 1962-63, was held

and the following were

selected:-Muhammad Aslam Pardesi

President

Khawaj Habibullah

Vice-Pres,dent

Imtiaz Ahmad Cuaudhri

Riaz Ahmed Secretary

Joint Secretary FXECUTIVE COMMITTEE IV year. 1. Sh. Muhammad Riaz 2. Bakhsh Elahi III year.· 1. Muhammad Tahir 2. Muhammad Saleem II year.

I Qari Mohd. Zafarullah

2. Sh. Abdul Wahid I year. 1 Muhammad Suleman 2. Muhammad Shakoor

POLITICAL SCIENCE

SOCIETY

This year the election of

office bearers was a weil

conte~ted one. Far the office

of Presidentship and

Secretary-ship there were three

candi-dates each. The campaign

launched by candidates was

unprecedental Following

were elfcted for 1962-63.

President

M. Zafar Baig

JV year R. No. 150 Secretary

Makhdum Ali Shah ,

Ill year R. No. 256 Class

Representatives:-Mian J:<ayii; Muhammad

Riaz Ahmad

JV year R. No. 27 IV year R. No. 16

M. Zafar Umer Khan

lll year R. No. 81 Sofdar Hayat

The Lyallpur G. C. Gazette, Saturday December, l; 1962. 6 Municipal Colt'ege Debate

Oar Students Claim

I And II Prizes

But there ivas no trophy!

Novmber 16,: A local

lntercoilegiate bilingu.tl debate

was held undc-r the auspicie;

of Students Union of the

Local Municipal Collrge. In

all, forty five speakers frorn

the local colleges participated

Our students, Mr. Safdar

Hu,sain Anjum and Mr.

Masud Akhtar won the first

and S!'COnd prizes re5pectivel y.

Had there been any trophy;

we would · have brought it

home.

Master Plan Project

STUDENTS SERVICES

HAILED

The Deputy Director of

Master Plan Project Lyallpur,

bailed the services of our

i.tudents for conducting Traffic

Survey, in a letter to the

Prin-cipal of our college. It ran

as follows

:-" Extremly thankful

to

j'OU, your staff and you, students

who have helped this d, partment

in conducting Traffic Survey j or

the pr~peration of Master plan

of Lyallpur. The servias

rendered by the students under

difficult weather condition and

for long hours is most valu-able."

BEACON (URDU. SECTION>

As a re~ult of c1n t"Xtem•

pore Essay writing compet

it-ion held on the 17th of

November t h e following

canoidates have been assigned

the undermen1 ioned offices in

order o f their reiipcctive

merits.

1) R iaz Majid

Editor in Chief

2) Anwar ~aeed Alvi

SUGGESTION BOX

Suggeslions should now be handed over to the

Princi-pal personally. This was

notified because of the misuse

of the Suggestion Box, which

was meant for good and

constructive suggestions and

not for false propaganda and trifles.

CONSISTENT

MERIT

Mr. Riaz-ul-Hague Tahir a well known poet of our college, stood fint in the University of the Punjab in Honours in Languages (urdu)

securing 676 marks. It is for

the second time that he

brought this honour to the

college. Last yeat also he .

stood first in B. A. Part I

Honours in Langu~ges group

(urdu).

A NEW CIRCLE

Honours (Urdu) students have formed a circle to

patro-nize the cause of Urdu. The

inauguration Will take place

on Tuesday, the 4th of

December at 3 p. m. in the

College Hall. The principal will address the members.

CRICKETING NEIGHBOURS

Novembr r 16th, A cricket

match .was played between the

New and the Main Hostelers

in the College Cricket track.

Match ended in. a draw, due

to the pausity of.time.

Nazir Malik of Main

Hostel and Bahar o f New

Hostel batted well. Nazir

Malik played havoc with the

ball dismissing 5 for only 15

runs. _.

Second Innings will be played next month.

BADMINTON

WE DROP THE TITLE

Unlike the previous years we dropped the zonal title in the Board Badminton Tourna-ment. We lo~t to the local Intermediate College w h o

were definitely a superior side.

From our college only Mazhar and Fida put up some resis-tance.

STATISTICAL SOCIETY

November 17 : The fol1

o-wing office-bearers have been

elected for statistical society

for the current session.

Parwaiz Iqbal 4th year

President

Muhammad Rafique 3rd year.

Vic, President Khalid Latif 2nd year

Stcr•tary ljaz Ahmad 4th year

Jinance Secretary Muhammad Aslam 1st year

Joint Secretary

Nov, 21, A meeting of

statistical society was held today where it was decided to hold its Inaugural Function on

the 3rd of December. A paper .

on "Sampling" will be read

and an exhibition of statistical

charts and diagrams will be

arranged.

NEW DATES

The Annual Athletic Meet

ha~ been postponed. to the 10th

First Assistant Editor

I

Scores were

:-3) Jj.z Feroz Nrw Hostel 95-all out.

Second As,istt1nr r;,1;,,,r • M::iin Hostel 49 all out. and lith of December. Printed and published for the Govt. College, Lyallpur by Zafar Iqbal Ahmad,

A Peace Corpsman Looks Ba

c

k

P

EACE CoRPS volunteers arrive in

the tropics loaded down with many sorts of equipment, not all of it physical. In addition to cameras, tape recorders, spray deodorants, and insect repellent, they carry with them a whole train of mental bag-gage: a set of attitudes and expecta-tions about their new environment. The notion of romantic encounter is recurrent. After five months in an upcountry town in the Ivory Coast, one volunteer despaired of ever find-ing the elemental, sensual, somewhat evil Africa he found in Conrad's novels. In his isolated post, the val-ues, if not the pace of life, were un-failingly bourgeois. "L'Afrique," he wrote me resignedly, "c'est le

Brook-lyn."

With Africa, as with other things, distance lends enchantment. Instead of comparing their experience to an ordinary job at home, the young corpsmen weigh it against the in-tensity of Conrad's portraits or Gra-ham Greene's matter-of-fact

spiritu-ality, and their anticipations resist

all attempts to bring them into line with actuality; the ideas have a life of their own.

Before departing for the Ivory Coast as a teacher in 1964, I was as subject to these fantasies as anyone else. I insisted on spending part of my clothing allowance on a pair of heavy leather camping boots, imagin-ing they would prove invaluable on long treks through the jungle. Once overseas, I realized the boots would have made odd apparel in a classroom or in the restaurants of nearby Abidjan, and they stayed on the bottom shelf of my closet for two years.

For me, as for most others, my Peace Corps career began on the campus. In a senior-year mood of

"anything is worth a thought," I filled out the questionnaire and took

EFREM SIGEL

it until a day in April when I re-ceived a bulky envelope in the mail marked "Invitation to Training." At the time, I was cramming for a final examination in English history, but my eY,es kept wandering to the brochures for French-speaking Africa that the Peace Corps had sent me. They had pictures of happy African children and were written in pseudo-realistic public-relations prose. A

typical passage went something like this: "The days will be long and hot. The people may be unfriendly. You won't be paid anything. You prob-ably won't accomplish much either. But . . . " There was always a but. Already I had two images: Kurtz paddling his lonely canoe up the river, and Churchill enumerating all the obstacles to victory and pledging a fight to the finish. I told myself: "It may be tough, but I

won't surrender either."

O

BVIOUSLY no two Peace Corps volunteers give exactly the same reasons for joining, but there is an astonishing similarity in their back-grounds and experience. By almost every criterion, they are a highly dis-tinct and unrepresentative group. Of the forty-two individuals in the Ivory Coast when I was there, all but six were between twenty-one and twenty-three when they entered the Peace Corps, all but three were recent college graduates with de-grees in the liberal arts, and the overwhelming majority-this is a personal impression-came from middle-middle and upper-middle-class families. Such apparent uni-formity is not limited to the Ivory Coast project. These are character-istics that hold for Peace Corps vol-unteers in general.

The attitude of parents apparently played an important role in lining up candidates for or against. The

dined invitations often were not so well educated as the parents of those who joined and were more inclined to pressure their children to get on with the job of starting a career. The experience and education of all applicants disposed them to be in-ternationalist and humanitarian, naturally oriented toward service and good works. But unlike those who said "No" to the Peace Corps, those from high-income families could look on work overseas as a furthering of their education rather than as time lost.

Whatever the initial motivation, however, a volunteer's ideas and at-titudes change overseas. In the early years Peace Corps officials were end-lessly fascinated with the question of the volunteers' mental adjust-ment. According to official analyses, there were three or possibly four personal crises in each tour: the trauma of training, the crisis of ar-rival overseas, the crisis of engage-ment, and perhaps a crisis of depar-ture as well. (Later it was discovered that there may also be a re-entry crisis upon returning to the United States.)

On the questionnaire given at my termination conference, we were

asked to note periods of particular elation or depression over the two-year stint. What emerged, however, from the responses of twenty-five Peace Corps teachers was "no pat-tern whatsoever." Rather than a neatly oscillating curve of ups and downs, what seemed to characterize the attitudes of the volunteers I knew was a new way of looking at the world. From all the evidence, we were great idealists before reach-ing our assignments and great cynics afterward.

Not all of the change was due to disappointment. A good deal of it, I think, was simply growi'hg up.

sionment of young men on any first job at suddenly finding that however

extraordinary their ideas or talents

may seem to them, the world in which they live is quite ordinary.

On the other hand, there is one

set of conditions peculiar to the

Peace Corps that quickly teaches

one the limits of professional

ideal-ism-the difficulty of

communica-tion. The market lady who saw me

coming and mentally added ten

francs to the price of a pineapple

would have been quite immune to

any suggestion of the noble sacrifice I was making. Telling my pupils of the rigors of Peace Corps training

would not have pricked them into

studying furiously. And of course if

I had waved my altruistic credentials at my French colleagues, they either

would have snickered at this new

confirmation of American gullibility or recited a litany on the hopeless-ness of any effort in Africa.

Living with the People

The difficulties experienced by some volunteers are more deep-seated. For young women teachers in the Ivory

Coast, for example, discipline was often a sticking point. In one school, students who had been specially selected were often filled with a

sense of their own importance as

the future elite. Discipline sagged,

largely because of a principal

who was weak and ineffectual. As a result, the volunteers had con-tinuing problems in class with stu-dents who were unco-operative or blatantly disrespectful by turns. In

such circumstances it is little

comfort to tell oneself that one is

helping an underdeveloped country

stand on its feet, or to see pictures in the Volunteer of pretty girls with their arms around Venezuelan waifs.

Another girl working in the foyer

feminin program-women's adult

education-was given a part of the

building that contained the women's

center for her own quarters. In the middle of the year an Ivorian

co-worker moved into the same build-ing, installing, in African fashion,

several cousins and relatives, while other casual visitors dropped in from

time to time. The family tracked mud in the volunteer's kitchen,

bor-rowed her dishes, stole her soap

powder, took water from her filter,

and stored beer in her refrigerator.

December 29, 1966

Thoug1, alent of she insisted 011

her own way. She ·,b J<-'-'

.

w:.

r"",

of the syllabus that dealt with

hy-giene and baby care-the only

les-sons that were of practical

value-in order to concentrate on reading. For reading class she took the

so-called advanced class, those who

co1,1ld recognize letters and words, and left the others to the volunteer,

who could take little consolation

from the fact that she was osten-sibly fulfilling two of the precepts

of Peace Corps orthodoxy: living

with the people and working with

a host-country counterpart.

JN

AFRICA the highly regarded

counterpart system, a cornerstone of the Peace Corps experience, often

causes volunteers considerable grief.

Where the differences in-education and aims between volunteer and co-worker are too great, . the desired co-operation simply breaks down.

The African may resent the arrival

of a white foreigner to "help" as a threat to his own position. Often he reacts either by ignoring the trol-unteer's suggestions or by attempting to dominate him completely. The volunteer, taught to smile and hold

his temper at all times, withdraws

into himself and struggles to keep

his own resentment from showing. He is buffeted by personal slights

and disheartened by the obvious

impossibility of any success on the

job; slogans about intercultural

friendship leave a very sour taste in his mouth. It is no coincidence that the girls in the fayer f eminin project

who enjoyed their work most were

those who were alone in a center and could run the program the

too low for the work anp personal

anguish that went into it. Few

women attended class and fewer

still could be reached in any mean-ingful way.

D

ESPLTE their basic similarity of outlook, volunteers reveal

sub-tle yet important differences in

the way they go about their work.

No two volunteers use the same

classroom methods, interest

them-selves in the same activities, bring

the same devotion to their task,

or put the same value on their

con-tribution. The differences could

show up in small, even absurd ways.

Once we discussed drinking water. "I never give one of my students so much as a glass of water when they come to the house," one vol-unteer maintained. He felt that

giv-ing away water would only

encour-age the students to demand other

things; people should come to see

him, not to get a gift. (Indeed, this

was a recurring problem, for

stu-dents would show up and ask for

anything from a watch to a sheet of airmail stationery without the least

trace of embarrassment.) Another volunteer responded heatedly, "I always offer my visitors something to drink. You'd do that in the States

if someone dropped in, wouldn't you?"

The spirit that the volunteers brought to their work varied so widely that one sometimes could

hardly believe that two Peace Corps-men had been in the same country. In the last report on his work, a teacher in the Ivory Coast wrote:

"And finally there is the observable fact that most students are incred-ibly spoiled, show no gratitude for their completely free education, and have no concept of human or civic responsibility." But another teacher in a different town wrote: "Students

are serious and will work for an interesting teacher. This bosh from the French teachers that they willing-ly sabotage exams to spite a teacher is not to be believed. . . . Pressure

at the school is such that students'

free study time is not sufficient.

They study clandestinely at night

(after lights-out) with small lamps 13

the le~sons, and 1t your class is not interesting they will use it to get their math done in." My own con-clusions about the diligence of Ivory Coast students fall somewhat short of this encomium, but I could never accuse them of lacking all notion of "human or civic responsibility."

Fulfilling the Contract

There are admittedly also great vari

-ations in the intellectual quality of students and in the general school atmosphere from one institution to another, but it was not experience so much as the mental predisposi

-tions that each brought to his work that made the difference between these two reports. Cases where a vol-unteer fails to meet the minimum demands of his job are rare, especial-ly in an area like teaching that has well-defined working hours. Much more common is the teacher who does a conscientious day-to-day job of teaching but does not extend himself in any other direction. I asked a Peace Corps evaluator how he went about judging the effective-ness of volunteers in out-of-the-class activities. "It's easy," he replied. "I just ask him, 'What are you doing in the community?' Most of the time the answer is 'Nothing.'"

One volunteer who did make strenuous efforts to work with his students outside school passed a bit-ing judgment on his fellow volun-teers in a special memorandum written for Peace Corps officials. After outlining ways in which he thought volunteers could improve education in their schools, he con-cluded by saying: "Oddly enough, the most vehement opposition to such proposals will doubtless come from the most unlikely of sources: volunteers themselves. We already know that Ivory Coast Peace Corps teachers are the highest paid, best lodged, and best fed in the world. It is surprising that no one has as yet come up with the rest of it-that they are the laziest. I doubt that many other PCVs in the world would have the gall to claim that twenty-two hours of English a week fulfills their PC contract. Ours do.'' Any judgment is speculative, but

volunteers have no monopoly on clock watching and that they rate perfectly well in comparison with other volunteers in Africa. My only source here is conversations with volunteers, of which the following ill1:1strations are typical. After I had been teaching two months, a volun-teer from Nigeria came through my town and I gave him a bed and a meal. We talked about conditions in the Northern Region and I asked what he had done for a summer project. "Oh, I told them I was going to do some projects at school, organizing a library, construction-you know. Sometimes I'd go to school for an hour or so in the morning, and the rest of the day I'd spend at the pool in town.'' I asked if other volunteers had simi-lar "projects.'' He said it was not uncommon. About a year later a volunteer from Morocco visited me, and I asked him what the main difference was between the Peace Corps in the Ivory Coast and in Morocco. "Do all of your volunteers work as hard as the ones I've seen?" he asked. My eyes widened. "Well,

the teachers teach twenty hours a week and the girls in the mobile project go into the villages four or five times a week, if you call that working hard," I replied. "They work about twice as hard as I do in Morocco," he said.

One explanation of such behav-ior is that volunteers are lazy.

ever, would try to match volunteers'

behavior against the conditions in which they live. As with their atti-tudes toward their counterparts, vol-unteers' feelings about job or extra-curricular activities usually grow out of their firsthand experiences. This was certainly true of my own efforts to lead a Red Cross club. On Thurs-day mornings in the Ivory Coast

there is no school, and I well remem-ber the concentration of will it took me to get out of bed and up to the local hospital by 8:30 to meet the few devoted members of the club. My reluctance had something to do with the knowledge that my col-leagues were all sleeping late, or with my desire to get to Abidjan later and do some shopping. Mostly, however, the reluctance came from a private input-output equation that went whirring through my head, an

equation that always seemed to crank out the same answer: Don't bother, it doesn't pay. And there were good reasons to listen. The president of the club would show up half an hour late with a report on his friends: "Atakpa has to work for his uncle; Jean can't come. All the girls had to go to school to serve a pun-ishment.'' Already the forces of vol-untarism had thinned considerably.

At home, before going to the hos-pital, I had prepared some materials for a lesson on infant feeding: pic-tures of porridge, of oranges, vege

C/_L

board. I had had in mind making a talk to assembled expectant moth-ers in the prenatal clinic. But I had

fallen victim to~ the inertia of the

world I was in. Who could confront the impassivity of those African women and find even a twinge of any inspiration to teach?

One clay, however, I pedaled re-signedly up to the hospital, the felt board under one arm, pictures

and displays in a manila envelope. 'Tm ready to give my course," I

announced to the head midwife,

who had become a friend. The

wait-ing room was crowded with silent women holding bottles; they had

come to give urine specimens for the prenatal checkup. The midwife, an educated woman, smiled

noncomit-tally. ''I'll talk in French, of course;

all I need is someone to interpret," I continued.

"'Vell, there are many languages,"

she said.

"If you translate into Dioula and Appolo, won't that do?"

"Some are Abourc, some are Agni. They won't understand." Her

un-spoken question was: What would

it all accomplish, beyond satisfying

my own need to make a gesture? I saw that I was really debating with myscH and losing. "\!\Tell," I said, shamefaced, abashed at my own lack

of resolution, "why don't we put it

off, then?" "Putting it off," of course,

meant dropping the whole idea. I backed out quickly and disappeared.

Crisis of Commitment

In retrospect the memory is pain[ul. The ethic of do or die, all out for

the good ca use, is still uppermost in my mind. I am glad I made the

Thursday-morning visits, regretful that I did not force myself to take advantage of more such

opportuni-ties. The difficulty comes from try

-ing to reconcile do-or-die ethics with

input-output equations. I[ one put in an hour of health education every

Thursday morning for a year, one

might convince two pupils and one

new mother-and that would be the

one in a hundred who had been to school. I suppose this is the elemental dilemma of the social worker, the question of return.

Having suffered the pangs myself, I bristle involuntarily at the men-tion of "success" or "failure" overseas. I once asked the director of the

December 29, 1966

French volunteers in the l vory Coast,

young men working in agriculture and rural construction, whether he

was satisfied with his program. He

called it a success, which prompted me to ask what he meant by the

word. "Oh, a ten per cent rate of

efficiency. If ten per cent of the people we reach respond, then we're doing magnificently."

Apart from the inevitable slackers,

the volunteer who fails does not lack

good intentions. He is probably

cursed with a too reasonable turn of

mind: he cannot stop asking himself

what good any particular action would serve. This is the genuine cns1s of commitment for Peace

Corps volunteers. I doubt if its

reso-lution lies in choosing those

indi-viduals who will persevere at any cost-there are too few of them. If there is an answer, it is to make

the volunteer's job easier, not harder

-to give him a task where he will

have a stake in commitment, and

where the commitment flows more

or less naturally from the importance of what he is doing. A job that is

a treadmill of frustration cannot stimulate enthusiasm. Teachers who see an opportunity to accomplish something are not laggards. It is

only when the Peace Corps says vaguely that in his spare ten or fif. teen hours a week he should go out and develop the community that the

volunteer scratches his head and wonders what the use is. He is

in-tuitively right; in mo~t cases success

comes not from dividing one's effort among various projects, but in mul-tiplying the time spent on one thing or with one group of people.

Glyn Roberts, who studied long-term volunteer programs in Africa for UNESCO, made a similar point

after extensive travel and observa-tion. On the basis of seven months in Africa interviewing headmasters, officials, and volunteers of several

na-tions, he wrote in the Peace Corps

Volunteer, "I am more than ever convinced that it is the project which

makes the volunteer." And he went

on to say, "Most of the volunteer

'failures,' from what I can gather, have never had a fighting chance. And many of the 'successful' vol-unteers admit candidly that it is the job which is good and they were

just lucky to find it."

I

N ADDITION to the quality of the

effort put forth, a factor that sep-arates volunteers is the level of their intellectual curiosity, their interest in the host country. The Peace Corps

talks a great deal about culture shock, which is simply the feeling of alienation that one has from liv-ing in a foreign country and being unable to understand the behavior

of people. A frequently cited ex-ample in the Ivory Coast is the first visit to the post office. The

vol-unteer walks briskly to the counter and demands his stamps. Nothing

happens. Only after waiting ten min-utes does he realize that it is

neces-sary to wish a very cordial good

morning to the clerk before any

transaction can take place. An im-portant but little explored corollary of culture shock is culture ennui: the volunteer thinks he understands

the foreign culture but tells himself

that it is uninteresting. The customs are slightly primitive, the people a little dull and simple, and the

diver-sions silly. Once the volunteer slips into this frame of mind, it becomes

extremely difficult for him to gen-erate any enthusiasm for helping

people. He may teach irregular

verbs or demonstrate baby care from

a sense of duty, but he is bound to

find it painful and unrewarding. In Africa in general there seems

to be a high incidence of boredom

among teachers. They are working in a western-oriented school system