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De imperio Trapezuntino dissertatio cujus partem primam venia ampl. facult. philos. Upsal. p. p. Petrus Wilh. Afzelius ... et Johannes Arvidus Afzelius Vestrogothi. In audit. Gust. die IX Junii MDCCCXXIV., P. 1

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cuous o n ly in the Romances o f the X IV or X V Centuries.

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T r a p e z u n t i n i s a p u d S c r i p t o r e s o c c u r r u n t , l i c e t p a r v a f i n t , in u n u m c o n f e r r e & fimplici e n a r r a t i o n e o c u l i s l e ­ g e n t i u m f u bj i c e r e. T e m p c i r a n o n d e f u n t r e b u s f a t t i s q u e m e m o r a b i l i b u s c l a r i s f i m a , d e q u i b u s et fi p e r m u l t i j a m p r æ c l a r e n a r r a v e r i n t , p l u r a t a m e n f u p e r e s f e v i d e a n t u r , q u æ u l t e r i o r e m d i s q u i f i t i o n e m r e q u i r a n t , fed h æ c iis r e l i n ­ q u e n t e s , q u i b u s d a t a e ft e x c e l l e n s f c r i b e n d i f a c u l t a s , n o - biseucn b e n e a f t u m p u t a m u s , fi, n o f t r a q u a i i c u m q u e o p e ­ r a , u m b r a t i l i c u i d a m & a b d i t o l o c o a l i q u a n t u m f o r f a n l uc i s a c c e d a t . N o s v e r o n o n t a m o b f c u r a m r e m a t t i n ­ g e r e , c o n c e d a t o p o r t e t , q u i c o n f i d e r a t , C i v i t a t e m T r a - p e z u n t i n a m , a b e x i g u o p r o f e & a m i n i t i o , p e r a n n o s d u ­ c e n t o s q u i n q u a g i n t a & o & o , n o n o s p o f t c a p t a m a T u r ­ ei s C o n f t a n t i n o p o l i n , f l o r u i s f e , I m p e r i u m q u e B y z a n t i n u m ibi f u p e r f t i t e m q u a f i v i t a m v i x i s f e u s q u e ad a n n u m p . C b . 1 4 6 2 , q u o u r b s T r a p e z u s , q u æ f e d e s e r a t R e g n i , p o f t l o n g a m o b f i d i o n e m , o p p u g n a n t i b u s T u r e i s c e d e r e c o a d t a e f t , & u l t i m u s I m p e r a t o r , c u m q u o r e f i d u u s G e n ­ t i s C o m n e n i c æ f p l e n d o r e x f t i n g u e b a t u r , f e p t e m q u e F i ­ lii, f i d e m C h r i f t i a n a m a b j i c e r e n o l e n t e s , I u & u o f u m q u i ­ d e m , a t m e m o r a b i l e m e x i t u m h a b u e r u n t P a r v a , q u æ a d n o s d e r e b u s T r a p e z u n t i n i s p e r v e ­ n e r u n t , S c r i p t i s p r a e c i p u e A u f t o r u m B y z a n t i n o r u m c o

n-b) V id e/is: Hiftoire du Bas Empire par le B ea u , continuée par H % F . Am silhon T . 3 7 . p. 2 8 9 fqu.

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t i n e n t u r . E x h i s , qui n o f t r a m t a n g u n t r e m , p o t îs fî mi i u n t : N ic e ta s C h ô m â te s, N ice p h o rn r G re g o r a s f G eo rg iu r P a •

ch ym eres & L a o n icn s Chalcocondylas c). Qu a e a u t e m hi t r a ­

d i d e r u n t n o n n u m q u a m o b f c u r a e s f e n t , n i f i , m i r a d i l ig en­ t i a f t u d i o q u e f e r m e i n c r e d i b i l i , v a r i a s h o r u m a l i o r u m q u e S c r i p t o r u m f e n t e n t i a s i n t e r s e c o m p a r a s f e t d o & i s f i m u s ille r e r u m , q u æ a d h i f t o r i a m iftius aetatis p e r t i n e n t , j u d e x & æ f t i i n a t o r C a r o lu s du F resn e, Q u i c o g n o l c e r e v el i t, q u a n ­ t a m h a b e a t v i m ad i m p e d i m e n t a v e l m a x i m a r e m o v e n d a S c r i p t o r i s a n i m u s , cui i n e f t f i n c e r i s f i m u m i n d a g a n d i ftu- d i u m , is O p e r a h u j u s V ir i e v o l v a t . Illi n o s p e r m u l t a in n o f t r a r e d e b e r e g r a t i a t q u e m e m o r e s f a t e m u r d). Q u u m v e r o c o n f t e t , h u n c d c f t i s f i m u m h o m i n e m m a g i s in o r i g i n e r e r u m a t q u e f o n t e (ipfe e n i m f o n s eft u b e r r i ­ m u s ) e x q u i r e n d o , q u a m in h i s r e b u s f u f i u s e x p o n e n d i s v e r f a r i , nobi s o p u s f u i t , q u o i n t e g r u m q u o d d a m c o r p u s m a t e r i e i p r o p o n e n d a e o r i r e t u r , di.sjedta m e m b r a di verf is- fimis l oci s q u a e r e r e *). N e q u e q u i s h o c m i r e t u r , q u i

c) Quorum vitam fcriptaque fi ulterius cogrofcere v e lis, adeas M eu. / i l i i Bibi. Hift, T . V.

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acceiflt, pcfrquam Libri X V H , qui ex Scriptis N iceph. G regorat fupererant, dum ille fcripfit nondum ed iti, ad nos pervenerunt. Contineatur hi libri E d ition e, quæ Parifiis a. MOCCII, lucem vidit.

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p e r p e n d i t , e a s r e s , q u a s n o b i s e n a r r a n d a s f n m f i m u s , n o n nifi ^ pa r t i cu la s q u a s d a m e s f e & quafi a d d i t a m e n t a æ t a t ' f , ad q u a m p e r t i n e t H i f t o r i a B y z a n t i n a , q u æ q u i d e m ipfa n o n d u m f a ti s e x p l i c a t a eft a t q u e c o g n i t a . H u j u s v e r o c a u s f a m n o n in p e n u r i a m o n u m e n t o r u m ft al i a e n i m e x ­ i l a n t p e r m u l t a ) , fed in o p i n i o n e q u a d a m d e h i s t e m p o r i ­ b u s p r a e j u d i c a t a , quae diu p r æ v a l u i f , q u a e r e n d a m e s f e p u t a m u s . T a l e m q u i d e m o p i n i o n e m h a u d p a u c i q u o q u e e o r u m , q u i Hift ori ci a d p e l l a r i v o l u e r u n t , p r o f i t e r i n o n r e p u d i a r u n t . Q u i s i g i t u r , q ui a n i m u m h a b e t a f t ud i o i r a q u e v a c u u m , n o n l a e t e t u r , n o l t r o æ v o V i r o s e x f t i t i s - f e , q u i b u s h a u d i n d i g n u m v i f u m f i t , in ii s, q u æ Hi fi o- r i a m I m p e r i i B y z a n t i n i , diu o m i s f a m & q m f i r e j t & a m , t a n g u n t , i n v e f i i g a n d i s , o p e r a m f u a m p o n e r e ? — E x his m a x i m a fe l a u d e d i g n u m r e d d i d i t C el eb . IV ilk m , qui n o n t a n t u m C o m n e n o r u m p o t i s f i m o r u m r e s g e f l a s c l a r e e x p o f u i t , fed e t i a m H i f t o t i æ B y z a n t i n a e in u n i v e r - f u m h a u d p a r u m l u c i s a d t u i i t / ) . H æ c v e r o o p e r a tali­ u m v i r o r u m e o m a g i s æ f t i m a n d a n o b i s v i d e t u r , q u o ee r- t i u s c o n f t a t , h a u d d e e s f e t u r b a m e o r u m , q u i , ufc in

ce-Upf. 1823. I- D* p* * 8 7 ) citatum invenim us.« Hujus enim lo­ cum forfan non tam bene im plet Tournefort in O pere: Relation d’un V o y a g e du Levant, Paris 17 1 7 , quamvis obfervationes, quas ad tu iit, nobis non fine utilitate fuerint.

/ ) In Opere elegantisfim o: Rerum ab A lexio I J o h a n n e M anuell & A lex io II Comnenis Romanorum Byzantinorum Imperatori­ bus geftarum Libri quatuor, Heidelbergæ j 8 k i.

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t e r i s , fi g in H i f l o r i a c l a m o r e m t o l l u n t c o n t r a e a , quae

ins n o n p l a c e n t , & u t fi ng u l um h o m i n e m , ita u n i v e r ­ s a m q u a m d a m æ t a t e m , l e c u n d u m e x t e r n a m t a n t u m f p e c i e m , d i j u d i c a n t , n e c fatis anim i h a b e n t ad i d , quod f u b h a c l a t e t , i n t u e n d u m . — H o r u m , d e q u ibus loqui- m u r , t e m p o r u m H i fl o ri a m n o n t a n t u m r e s p e r m u l t a s m e m o r a b i l e s , fed e t i a m p r æ c e p t a c o n t i n e r e p e r m u l t a , d i g n i s f i m a , q u æ a t t e n t o an i m o p e r p e n d a s , e x iftim am us. H i l t o r i a j e j u n a e s f e t , fi f o l u m o f f e n d e r e t a t q u e n a r r a r e t , n o n f i m u l m o n e r e t . H æ c e n i m efl d iv i n a vis & p r æ - l i a n t i a H i f t o r i æ , u t S c h o l a fit a t q u e P r a e c e p t r i x H u m a ­ n i t a t i s . N u l l a æ t a s , n e illa q u i d e m , q u æ lu ét uo fi sfimum r e r u m h u m a n a r u m fl a t u m e x h i b e r e v i d e a t u r , p r æ te rla - p f a e f l , q u æ n o n f e q u e n t i n o v a q u æ d a m m o n ita & con- filia t e f t a m e n t o q uafi tradidit. H æ c v e r o m o n ita e x ipfa r e r u m p e r t u r b a t i o n e , u t v ia m Boni l i g n e n t , fapientis a- n i m o , t a m q u a m m el io ris N a t u r æ fidera o r i u n t u r . M a g n u s i n d e & p r æ c l a r u s , q u o nihil praeclarius p u t a m u s , o ri t u r u l u s , q u e m e x H i f i o r i a , rite p e r c e p t a , a n i m u s h u m a n u s ca p i t. S u n t , q ui H i f l o r i a m e x e m p l i causfa a d f e rre fo- l e n t , q u o fi d em faciant o p i n i o n i, h o m i n e s f e m p e r e o s d e m f u i s l e , e a d e m q u e in iis f e m p e r vitia r e g n a s f e , q u æ v e ­ r o in r e b u s h u m a n i s m u t a r i vifa f u n t , ea in p ejus t a n ­ t u m m u t a t a e s l e ^ f u n t , qu i ita v o c i f e r a n t u r , iis h au d a b f i m i l e s , qui f e m p e r e a m d e m d e p r a v i t a t e t e m p o r u m q u e r e l a m in o r e g e r u n t . S e d , q u æ in H i fl o ri a f i u n t , - h æ c n e q u e in e u n d e m f e m p e r g y r u m c o m p e l l u n t u r , n e- q u e fola m ut a b i l i t atis C a t e g o r i a c o n t i n e n t u r ( q u a m trifle fie e x i f l e r e t f p e é l a c u l u m r e r u m ) , m u t a n d o v e r o fe, in

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meliora t r a n s f o r m a n t u r . N o n t a n t u m c o n t i n u a m B o n u m i n t e r M a l u m q u e p u g n a m e x h i b e t H i f t o r i a , fed illius l i m u l c o n t i n u a m v i t t o r i a m , t e d o c e n s , h o m i n e m a g e n d o fei- p f u m j u d i c a r e ; h o c v e r o j u d i c i u m p o f t e r i t a t i p r o n u n t i a ­ r e , id H i f t o r i æ m a n d a t u m e f t. S i i n h i s t a m p r a ec l a ­ r u s e f t u f u s H i f t o r i æ , in c e t e r i s h a u d m i n u s e l u c e t , ita u t f e r m e c o n t e n d a s , n u l l u m f t u d i u m l i t t e r a r u m tibi m a ­ j o r e r a u t i l i t a t e m p r a e b e r e . H a n c i n d e d e r i v a n d a m p u t a ­ m u s , q u o d , H i f t o r i æ p r a e c i p u e o p e , c e t e r a e A r t e s in vi­ t a m a b e u n t i n q u e b o n a t o t i u s g e n e r i s h u m a n i v e r t u n t u r . I p f a e n i m P h i l o f o p h i a , q u i d e s f e t l i n e H i f t o r i a ? — • H i ­ f t o r i a e f t d i v i n a illa a r s , q u a e f f i c i t u r , u t e a , q u æ S i n ­ g u l o r u m f u n t , O m n i u m fiant» Ha e c o m n i u m b o n a c o m ­ p r e h e n d i t C u l t u r a . H i f t o r i a v e r o e f t C u l t n r æ e f f l c l r i x . O m n i a , q u æ a n i m o h u m a n o , q u æ r e b u s , dicftis, f a c t i s q u e h u m a n i s c o n t i n e n t u r , n e t o r p e f c a n t , c o n t i n u a m H i f t o ­ r i æ p e r p e t u i t a t e m r e q u i r u n t ; q u æ v e r o in h a c i n e f t vita, n o n e a e f t , q u æ ipfo p r a e t e r e u n t i r e r u m f l u m i n e c o m p r e ­ h e n d i t u r : feft p r æ f e n t i s v i t æ v i t a q ua f f a l t e r a , n o b i l i or j a m fa<fta, f u p e r f t e s , hiflorica. U t e n i m f l n g u l u s h o m o in p r æ f e n t i , q u o c o m p r e h e n d i t u r , v i t æ f u æ m o m e n t o , a fe o b r u t u s e f t , & ipfe fibi quaf f o b u m b r a t , a d e o u t o p e fo- l u m a n t e c e d e n t i s , q ui f i t , m a g i s p e r f p i c u e a n i m a d v e r ­ t a t ; ita p r æ f e n s q uae vis aeta s p r a e t e r e a t , o p o r t e t , a t q u e h i f t o r i c a f i a t , u t fe p l a n e i nt el li ga t. Q u i v e r o t a l e m h a n c a d u m b r a r e v a l e t , q u i o m n i a , m o m e n t o , q u o in hiftori- c a m v i t a m v e r t u n t u r , n o n t a n t u m a n i m o c e l e r i t e r a r r i ­ p e r e , fed e t i a m p r o p o n e r e i n t e l l i g i t , e u m h i f t o r i c u m a r ­ t i f i c e m a d p e i l a m u s .

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S e d haec h a & e n u s . N o b i s i g n o f c a n t , o r a m a s , ii qui- b i u s j u f t o l o n g i o r h æ c p r æ f a ti o n o fira vifa fit. F atftum e l f t , u t , o p i n i o n e s iftas p r æ j u d i c a t a s , q u æ , d e tem pori- b v u s , a d q u æ e a , q u æ nobis p r o p o n e n d a lu ni f i m u s , p e r ­ t i m e n t , f æ p e in u f u f u e r u n t , pei l l r i n g e n d o , ferino nofter ini r a t i o n e m i l la m i n h u m a n a m , q u a m h aud r a r o audivi- r m u s , H i f t o r i a m in u n i v e r f u m i n t e r p r e t a n d i , inciderit. U J n d e o r f i f u m u s r e v e r t i m u r , T e B . L. r o g a n te s oran- t t e s q u e , u t n o b i s , qui ad r e m fere i n ta fta m e n a r r a n d a m

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d e m t e m p o r e , q u o U r b s o c c u p a t a eft, accidit, u t p l u r e s e x P a t r i c i i s P r i n c i p i b u s q u e G r æ c o r u t n , qui fuga elapfi e r a n t , r e g i o n o s Afiaticat> ( Nntolia illos c o n g r e g a t o s fuis» f e t r a d i t u r j p e t e r e n t . H i s in te rr is inflabilis e r a t pote* f l a s L a t i n o r u i n , c u m iis T u r e o r u m vis i m m i n e r e t ; p lu ra i n f u p e r l oca Graeci a d h u c t e n e b a n t g ). E x n u m e r o

ho-£ ) Fn donnant aux Francois les contrées Afiatiques on ne leur donnoit que de-s guerres à faire» les Turcs étant cVja maîtres

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r u m P r i n c i p u m p r i m u s fuit m a x i r n e q u e m e m o r a b i l i s T h e o d o r u s L a f c a r i s . D e f t i rp is e j u s o r i g i n e nihil t r a d u n t S c r i p t o r e s h). S u s p i c a r i fas efl:, e u m e x nobili o r t u m g e n e r e . E r a t a u d a c i a & f o r t i t u d i n e c l a r u s , q u i b u s a n i ­ m i v i r t u t i b u s f o r t u n a indulfit. A n n a m C o m n e n a m , fi liam A l e x i i III:ii I m p e r a t o r i s , u x o r e m d u x i t . P o f t q u a m v e r o h o c m a t r i m o n i u m i n i i t , a b S o c e r o D e s p o t a i j c r e a t u r . A l e x i o v e r o a F r a n c i s f u g a t o , Ni ca eam: , B i t h y n i æ u r ­ b e m , u n a c u m u x o r e p et i t . H a n c f eder n t u n c f o r t e G r a e c o r u m q u i d a m t e n u e r e . H i p r i m u m e u m in u r b e m r e c i p e r e r e c u f a n t , l ic et i l iu m e s f e g e n e r u m I m p e r a t o r i s f u g a t i h a u d i g n o r a r e n t . L a f c a r i s v e r o a d p r e c e s d e n i ­ q u e fe c o n v e r t e n s , h is e f f ec it , u t u x o r i v e n i a in u r b e p e r m a n e n d i d a t a fit. I s v e r o i n d e d i s c e d e n s , c i r c u m , e r r a n t e s u b i q u e f u g i e n t e s q u e G r a e c o s in u n u m j u n g e n d i ( l u d i o o c c u p a t u s ef t. C o p i i s q u i b u s d a m fic c o n f l a t i s

fub-de Ia plus granfub-de partie & les Grecs posfedant encore tout le refte; mais le genie de la Nation com ptoit comm e des posfes- lion s prélentes les conquêtes à venir. Hiftoire du Bas Empire T . a i . p. 9 .

h) D u Fresne Hiftoria Byzantina. Lutetiæ Parifiorum 16H2 p. 218.

i) Imperatori proximus erat honore D espota. Filii vero Impera­

t o r i s , fi esfent D espotæ» fratres generosque Imperatoris digni­ tate praecedebant, licet hi quoque esfent Despotae V ld.

Codi-num C uropalatam de Officiis Magnae Ecclefiæ & Aulae Con-

References

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