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(1)LiU-ITN-TEK-A--11/050--SE. Samhällsekonomiska effekter av långvariga trafikavbrott Martin Röcklinger 2011-08-19. Department of Science and Technology Linköping University SE-601 74 Norrköping , Sw eden. Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap Linköpings universitet 601 74 Norrköping.

(2) LiU-ITN-TEK-A--11/050--SE. Samhällsekonomiska effekter av långvariga trafikavbrott Examensarbete utfört i Transportsystem vid Tekniska högskolan vid Linköpings universitet. Martin Röcklinger Examinator Clas Rydergren Norrköping 2011-08-19.

(3) Upphovsrätt Detta dokument hålls tillgängligt på Internet – eller dess framtida ersättare – under en längre tid från publiceringsdatum under förutsättning att inga extraordinära omständigheter uppstår. Tillgång till dokumentet innebär tillstånd för var och en att läsa, ladda ner, skriva ut enstaka kopior för enskilt bruk och att använda det oförändrat för ickekommersiell forskning och för undervisning. Överföring av upphovsrätten vid en senare tidpunkt kan inte upphäva detta tillstånd. All annan användning av dokumentet kräver upphovsmannens medgivande. För att garantera äktheten, säkerheten och tillgängligheten finns det lösningar av teknisk och administrativ art. Upphovsmannens ideella rätt innefattar rätt att bli nämnd som upphovsman i den omfattning som god sed kräver vid användning av dokumentet på ovan beskrivna sätt samt skydd mot att dokumentet ändras eller presenteras i sådan form eller i sådant sammanhang som är kränkande för upphovsmannens litterära eller konstnärliga anseende eller egenart. För ytterligare information om Linköping University Electronic Press se förlagets hemsida http://www.ep.liu.se/ Copyright The publishers will keep this document online on the Internet - or its possible replacement - for a considerable time from the date of publication barring exceptional circumstances. The online availability of the document implies a permanent permission for anyone to read, to download, to print out single copies for your own use and to use it unchanged for any non-commercial research and educational purpose. Subsequent transfers of copyright cannot revoke this permission. All other uses of the document are conditional on the consent of the copyright owner. The publisher has taken technical and administrative measures to assure authenticity, security and accessibility. According to intellectual property law the author has the right to be mentioned when his/her work is accessed as described above and to be protected against infringement. For additional information about the Linköping University Electronic Press and its procedures for publication and for assurance of document integrity, please refer to its WWW home page: http://www.ep.liu.se/. © Martin Röcklinger.

(4)  . ^ĂŵŵĂŶĨĂƩŶŝŶŐ  

(5) †‡––ƒ‡šƒ‡•ƒ”„‡–‡—†‡”•‘Dž •‡ˆˆ‡–‡”ƒƒ˜–”ƒϐ‹ŽƒDž ƒ˜„”‘––‡†˜ƒ”ƒ–‹‰Š‡–’ƒǑ ‡––ϐŽ‡”–ƒŽ ƒǑ ƒ†‡”Ǥ ”„‡–‡– ƒ˜ƒDž †‡” ƒ’‡”•ǡ ‡–– –”ƒϐ‹•Žƒ‰•‘Dž ˜‡”‰”‹’ƒ†‡ ƒƒŽ›••›•–‡ •‘ ƒ ’”‘‰‘•–‹•‡”ƒ–”ƒϐ‹ˆ‘Dž ”ƒDž †”‹‰ƒ”‘ Š—–ˆ‘Dž ”ƒ•ƒŠƒDž ŽŽ•‡‘‘‹•ƒƒŽ›Ž‡”Ǥ”„‡–‡–••›ˆ–‡ƒDž ”ƒ–– •ƒ’ƒ ‡ ‡–‘†‹ ˆ‘Dž ” ƒ˜ƒDž †‹‰ ƒ˜ ƒ’‡”• ˜‹† •ƒǑ †ƒƒ —†‡”•‘Dž ‹‰ƒ”ǡ •ƒ– ƒ–– –‹ŽŽƒDž ’ƒ ‡–‘†‹‡’ƒǑ ‡ˆƒŽŽ•–—†‹‡ƒ˜Œ‘”†•”‡†‹ ‘Dž –ƒƒDž Ž˜†ƒŽ‡Ǥ   ƒŽŽ•–—†‹‡ǡ ˆ”ƒ–ƒ‰‡ ƒ˜ –ƒ–‡• ‰‡‘–‡‹•ƒ ‹•–‹–—–ǡ „‡•–ƒǑ ” ƒ˜ ˆ‡ • ‡ƒ”‹‡” ˆ‘Dž ” Œ‘”†•”‡† ŽƒDž ‰• ‘Dž –ƒƒDž Ž˜‹ƒDž •–”ƒ ‘Dž –ƒŽƒ†Ǥ

(6) ˜ƒ”Œ‡• ‡ƒ”‹‘†”ƒ„„ƒ•ƒ–‹‰‡˜ƒDž ‰ͣ͢ǡ‡ˆ›”ˆƒDž Ž–‹‰‘–‘”˜ƒDž ‰ ‡††”ƒ‰‹‰ŽƒDž ‰•ƒDž Ž˜‡ǡ‡ŽŽ‡”„ƒǑ †‡ͣ͢‘ Š‘”‰‡ȀƒDž ‡”„ƒƒǡ‡†—„„‡Ž•’ƒǑ ”‹‰ŒƒDž ”˜ƒDž ‰•‘ –‹ŽŽ †‡Žƒ” ˆ‘Dž ŽŒ‡” ˜ƒDž ‰‡• •–”ƒDž ‹‰Ǥ ƒǑ †‡ ˜ƒDž ‰‡ ‘ Š ŒƒDž ”˜ƒDž ‰‡ ƒDž ” ˜‹–‹‰ƒ –”ƒ•’‘”–•–”ƒǑ  ‘ Š ƒ˜ƒDž †•ƒ˜‡––•–‘”–ƒ–ƒŽ–”ƒϐ‹ƒ–‡”Ǥ   ‡ ‡–‘†‹ •‘ •ƒ’ƒ• ‘ˆƒ––ƒ” –”‡ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜ ’ƒǑ  ƒƒŽ›•‡–‘†‡”ǡ •‘ –‹ŽŽ•ƒƒ• —–‰‘Dž ” ‡–– •’ƒƒ˜•ƒŠƒDž ŽŽ•‡‘‘‹•ƒ‘•–ƒ†‡”Ǥ‡–‘†‡”ƒ•‹ŽŒ‡”•‹‰ƒǑ –‹Š—””‡•ƒ†‡–ˆ‘Dž ”ƒDž †”ƒ•‡ˆ–‡” •”‡†‡–ǡˆ”ƒǑ ‡”‡•‡ˆ–‡”ˆ”ƒǑ ‰ƒ•‘‹–‡’ƒǑ ˜‡”ƒ•ƒ˜†‡›ƒˆ‘Dž ”ŠƒǑ ŽŽƒ†‡ƒ–‹ŽŽ‡‡ˆ–‡”ˆ”ƒǑ ‰ƒ•‘ ƒ–ƒ•ƒ’ƒ••ƒ•ˆ—ŽŽ–—––‹ŽŽ†‡–›ƒ˜ƒDž ‰ƒDž –‡–Ǥ‡ŽŽƒ†‡••ƒϐ‹•‡‡–‘††ƒDž ””‡•‘”–‹ŽŽ‘ Šˆ”ƒǑ  ƒ”„‡–‡–‹–‡’ƒǑ ˜‡”ƒ•ǡ‡”‡•–‡”ƒ†‡”‡•‘”ƒ’ƒ••ƒ•–‹ŽŽ†‡–›ƒ˜ƒDž ‰ƒDž –‡–Ǥ   ‹†–‹ŽŽƒDž ’‹‰ƒ˜‡–‘†‡”ƒ’ƒǑ †‡ˆ‡• ‡ƒ”‹‡”•‘—–‰‘Dž ”ˆƒŽŽ•–—†‹‡ˆƒǑ •‡––‘•–ƒ†••’ƒ •‘ƒDž ””‡Žƒ–‹˜–ŒƒDž –‹‘˜ƒ”Œ‡• ‡ƒ”‹‘ǡ‡†ƒDž ”‘•–ƒ†‡”ƒ‡ŽŽƒ–˜ƒǑ • ‡ƒ”‹‡”ƒ˜ƒ”‹‡”ƒ ”ƒˆ–‹‰–Ǥ –– • ‡ƒ”‹‘• •ƒŠƒDž ŽŽ•‡‘‘‹•ƒ ‘•–ƒ† –› • „‡”‘ †‡Ž• ƒ˜ ϐŽ‘Dž †‡– ’ƒǑ  †‡ ŽƒDž  •‘ „”›–•ǡ†‡Ž•ƒ˜–‹ŽŽ‰ƒDž ‰Ž‹‰Š‡–‡–‹ŽŽŽ‘ƒŽƒŽƒDž •˜ƒDž ‰ƒ”‹ƒDž ”Š‡–‡ƒ˜•”‡†‡–Ǥ Ž‘Dž †‡–‘Dž ƒ”‹ˆ‘Dž ”•–ƒŠƒ† ’ƒǑ Œ—•–†‡Ž‘ƒŽƒ˜ƒDž ‰ƒ”ƒƒDž ”ƒƒ˜„”‘––‡–ǡ‹–‡†‡•–‘”ƒ˜ƒDž ‰ƒ”•‘‰ƒǑ ”ŽƒDž ‰”‡„‘”–‡Šƒ”Š‘Dž ‰”‡ •–ƒ†ƒ”†Ǥ   Ž—–•ƒ–•‡ ƒ˜ ”ƒ’’‘”–‡ ƒDž ” ƒ–– ‡–‘†‡ †ƒDž ” ƒ”„‡–•‡ˆ–‡”ˆ”ƒǑ ‰ƒ ŠƒǑ ŽŽ• ’ƒǑ  •ƒƒ ‹˜ƒǑ  •‘ ‹ƒ •”‡†‡–ǡ‘ Š‘Dž ˜”‹‰‡ˆ–‡”ˆ”ƒǑ ‰ƒƒ’ƒ••ƒ•ǡ„‘Dž ”ƒ˜ƒDž †ƒ•‹ˆ‘Dž ”•–ƒŠƒ†‘ Š‘’Ž‡––‡”ƒ•‡††‡–˜ƒǑ  ‘Dž ˜”‹‰ƒ‡–‘†‡”ƒ‹†‡ƒǑ †‡–ƒ•‡•‘Dž †˜ƒDž †‹‰–Ǥ ƒŽŽ•–—†‹‡•‘•–ƒ†‡”‡††‡ƒ‡–‘†ƒDž ” ‡ŽŽƒͣ͢”‘ Š͢͞͞”„‡”‘‡†‡’ƒǑ • ‡ƒ”‹‘Ǥ ‡ƒ”‹‡”ƒ•˜ƒ”‹‡”ƒ†‡ˆ‘Dž ”—–•ƒDž ––‹‰ƒ”Šƒ” ƒŽŽ–•ƒǑ ‡•–‘””‘ŽŽ‹‡ˆˆ‡–‡”ƒ••–‘”Ž‡˜‹†•”‡†Ǥ  .  .

(7) ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ   Š‹• ƒ•–‡”ǯ• –Š‡•‹• •–—†‹‡• –Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘ˆ ƒ –”ƒˆϐ‹  Ž‹ †‹•”—’–‹‘ ™‹–Š ƒ †—”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ™‡‡•ǤŠ‡•–—†›‹•’‡”ˆ‘”‡†—•‹‰ƒ’‡”•ǡƒ–”ƒˆϐ‹ ƒƒŽ›•‹••›•–‡•’ƒ‹‰•‡˜‡”ƒŽ‘†‡• ‘ˆ –”ƒ•’‘”–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ƒ’‡”• ƒ ’‡”ˆ‘” –”ƒˆϐ‹  ’”‘‰‘•‡• ƒ† ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‡ ‘‘‹  ‡ˆˆ‡ –•ǤŠ‡ƒ‹‘ˆ–Š‡”‡’‘”–‹•–‘ ”‡ƒ–‡ƒ‡–Š‘†‘Ž‘‰›ˆ‘”–Š‡—•‡‘ˆƒ’‡”•‹•— Š•–—†‹‡•ǡ ƒ†–‘ƒ’’Ž›–Š‹•‡–Š‘†‘Ž‘‰›–‘ƒ ƒ•‡•–—†›‘ˆŽƒ†•Ž‹†‡•‹–Š‡ ‘Dž –ƒƒDž Ž˜ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ™‡†‡Ǥ   Š‡ ƒ•‡ •–—†›ǡ ”‡ƒ–‡† „› –Š‡ ™‡†‹•Š ‡‘–‡ Š‹ ƒŽ

(8) •–‹–—–‡ǡ ‘•‹•–• ‘ˆ ϐ‹˜‡ • ‡ƒ”‹‘• ‘ˆ Žƒ†•Ž‹†‡•‘ —””‹‰ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡”‹˜‡” ‘Dž –ƒƒDž Ž˜‹™‡•–‡”™‡†‡Ǥƒ Š• ‡ƒ”‹‘ƒˆˆ‡ –•‡‹–Š‡”–Š‡ ”‘ƒ†ͣ͢ǡ‘”ͣ͢–‘‰‡–Š‡”™‹–Š–Š‡”ƒ‹Ž™ƒ›‘”‰‡ȀƒDž ‡”„ƒƒǤ‘–Šƒ”‡‹’‘”–ƒ––”ƒ•’‘”– ”‘—–‡•ƒ†ƒ”‡—•‡†„›ƒŽƒ”‰‡—„‡”‘ˆ’ƒ••‡‰‡”•Ǥ   Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‡†‡–Š‘†‘Ž‘‰›•’ƒ•–Š”‡‡‡–Š‘†•ǡ–‘‰‡–Š‡” ”‡ƒ–‹‰ƒ”ƒ‰‡‘ˆƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡ ‘‘‹  ‘•–•ǤŠ‡‡–Š‘†•†‹ˆˆ‡”‹–Š‡™ƒ›–Šƒ––”ƒ˜‡Ž Šƒ‰‡•ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡Žƒ†•Ž‹†‡ǡ”ƒ‰‹‰ˆ”‘ƒ–”ƒ˜‡Ž †‡ƒ† –Šƒ– ‹• ‘– ƒˆˆ‡ –‡† ƒ– ƒŽŽ –‘ ‘‡ –Šƒ– ‹• ‘’Ž‡–‡Ž› ƒ†ƒ’–‡† –‘ –Š‡‡™ –”ƒ•’‘”–ƒ–‹‘ ‡–™‘”Ǥ‡–™‡‡–Š‡•‡‹•ƒ‡–Š‘†™Š‡”‡–”‹’•–‘ƒ†ˆ”‘™‘”ƒ”‡‘–ƒˆˆ‡ –‡†ǡ„—–ƒŽŽ‘–Š‡” –”‹’•ƒ†ƒ’––‘–Š‡‡™•‹–—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ   Š‡–Š‡‡–Š‘†•ƒ”‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†–‘–Š‡ϐ‹˜‡• ‡ƒ”‹‘•–Šƒ– ‘•–‹–—–‡–Š‡ ƒ•‡•–—†›ǡ–Š‡”‡•—Ž–‹‰ ”ƒ‰‡‘ˆ ‘•–•‹•”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡Ž› ‘•‹•–‡–™‹–Š‹‡ƒ Š• ‡ƒ”‹‘ǡ„—––Š‡ ‘•–•„‡–™‡‡–™‘• ‡ƒ”‹‘• ƒ˜ƒ”›†”ƒ•–‹ ƒŽŽ›ǤŠ‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡ ‘‘‹  ‘•–•‘ˆƒ• ‡ƒ”‹‘•‡‡–‘†‡’‡†’ƒ”–Ž›—’‘–Š‡ ϐŽ‘™ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‹ –Šƒ– ‹• †‹•”—’–‡†ǡ ƒ† ’ƒ”–Ž› —’‘ –Š‡ ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ Ž‘ ƒŽ ”‘ƒ†• ‡ƒ” –Š‡ Žƒ†•Ž‹†‡Ǥˆ–‡”–Š‡Žƒ†•Ž‹†‡ǡ–Š‡ϐŽ‘™‰”‘™•’”‹ƒ”‹Ž›‘•— ŠŽ‘ ƒŽ”‘ƒ†•ƒ†‘–‘–Š‡Žƒ”‰‡” ”‘ƒ†•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡ˆ—”–Š‡”ƒ™ƒ›„—–Šƒ˜‡ƒŠ‹‰Š‡”•–ƒ†ƒ”†Ǥ   Š‡ ”‡’‘”– ‘ Ž—†‡• –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‡–Š‘† ™Š‡”‡ ™‘” –”‹’ †‡ƒ† ‹• ‡’– ‘ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ Ž‡˜‡Ž ƒ• „‡ˆ‘”‡ –Š‡ Žƒ†•Ž‹†‡ǡƒ†–Š‡ ‘–Š‡” †‡ƒ† ‹• ƒ†ƒ’–‡†ǡ •Š‘—Ž† „‡ –Š‡ ’”‹ƒ”› ‡–Š‘†—•‡† ‹ –Š‡•‡ –›’‡• ‘ˆ •–—†‹‡•Ǥ Š‡ ‡–Š‘† ƒ „‡ •—’’Ž‡‡–‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” –™‘ ‡–Š‘†• –‘ –Š‡ †‡‰”‡‡–Šƒ––Š‹•‹• ‘•‹†‡”‡†‡ ‡••ƒ”›Ǥ•‹‰–Š‹•‡–Š‘†ǡ–Š‡ ƒ•‡•–—†›ǯ•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡ ‘‘‹  ‘•–•”ƒ‰‡ˆ”‘ͣ͢‹ŽŽ‹‘–‘͢͞͞‹ŽŽ‹‘†‡’‡†‹‰—’‘™Š‹ Š• ‡ƒ”‹‘‹••–—†‹‡†Ǥ    .  .

(9)  . &ƂƌŽƌĚ   ‡ƒ ”ƒ’’‘”– ƒDž ” ”‡•—Ž–ƒ–‡– ƒ˜ ‡–– ‡šƒ‡•ƒ”„‡–‡ ‹ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡– ‘—‹ƒ–‹‘•-­‐ ‘ Š –”ƒ•’‘”–•›•–‡ ’ƒǑ  ‹‘Dž ’‹‰• –‡‹•ƒ Š‘Dž ‰•‘ŽƒǤ ”„‡–‡– Šƒ” —–ˆ‘Dž ”–• ’ƒǑ  —’’†”ƒ‰ ƒ˜ –ƒ–‡• ‰‡‘–‡‹•ƒ‹•–‹–—–ȋ

(10) Ȍ–‹ŽŽ•ƒƒ•‡†”ƒϐ‹˜‡”‡–Ǥ–ˆ‘Dž ”ƒ†‡–Šƒ”•‡––Š‘•‘•—Ž–ϐ‹”ƒ ™‡ ‘

(11) ˆ”ƒ•–”— –—”‡‹ ‘Dž –‡„‘”‰Ǥ   ”„‡–‡–Šƒ†‡‹–‡˜ƒ”‹–‘Dž ŒŽ‹‰–—–ƒ†‡ŠŒƒDž Ž’‘ Š†‡–•–‘Dž †•‘Œƒ‰ϐ‹ ˆ”ƒǑ ƒǑ ‰ƒ‘Ž‹ƒŠƒǑ ŽŽǤ ƒ‰ ˜‹ŽŽ •ƒDž ”•‹Ž– –ƒ ƒ ‹ƒ Šƒ†Ž‡†ƒ”‡ ’ƒǑ  ™‡ ‘ǡ †”‡ƒ• Ž”‘–Šǡ ƒ”Ž-­‐ ‡”‹ ƒ†„”‡  ‘ Š –‡ˆƒ †‡”••‘ǡ•‘ ƒŽŽ–‹† –‘‰•‹‰ –‹† ƒ–– „‹†”ƒ‡†•‹•–‘”ƒ —•ƒ’ ‘ ‘ Š‡”ˆƒ”‡Š‡– ƒ˜ ƒ’‡”• ‘ Š –”ƒϐ‹ƒƒŽ›•Ǥ ƒ‰ ˜‹ŽŽ ƒDž ˜‡ –ƒ ƒ ƒ”• –”‘Dž “˜‹•– ‘ Š ‡ ‹Ž‹ƒ ‹†‡ƒ ˆ‘Dž ” –”‡˜Ž‹‰– •ƒDž ŽŽ•ƒ’’ƒǑ Ž— Š‡”‘ Š—†‡”ƒǑ ‰ƒ‘ ŠŽƒǑ ‰ƒ˜ƒDž ŽŽƒ”‘ ŠŠ‡Ž‰‡”’ƒǑ ‘–‘”‡–Ǥ   dž ˜‡‹ƒŠƒ†Ž‡†ƒ”‡’ƒǑ  

(12) ‘ Š”ƒϐ‹˜‡”‡–Šƒ” „‹†”ƒ‰‹––‹ŽŽ†‡ƒ”ƒ’’‘”–Ǥ ‘‡Žǒ ‡••‘’ƒǑ  ”ƒϐ‹˜‡”‡–Šƒ”˜ƒ”‹––‹ŽŽ•–‘”ŠŒƒDž Ž’‡†•‹—•ƒ’‘ƒ’‡”•‘ Š‘ǒ –‰ƒDž ”†•’Žƒ‡”‹‰‡Ǥ ˜‘‡†‡”••‘-­‐‘Dž Ž†’ƒǑ 

(13) Šƒ”„‹•–ƒǑ ––‡†ŠŒƒDž Ž’‘ Š—’’—–”ƒ—†‡”ƒ”„‡–‡–Ǥ   Ž—–Ž‹‰‡ ˜‹ŽŽ Œƒ‰ –ƒ ƒ ‹ Šƒ†Ž‡†ƒ”‡ ’ƒǑ  —‹˜‡”•‹–‡–‡–ǡ Žƒ• ›†‡”‰”‡ǡ ˆ‘Dž ” ‘‡–ƒ”‡” ‘ Š ƒǑ –‡”‘’’Ž‹‰ ’ƒǑ  ”ƒ’’‘”–‡ ‘ Š ˆ‘Dž ” ƒŽŽ ŠŒƒDž Ž’ Œƒ‰ Šƒ” ˆƒǑ –– ‡† —–ˆ‘Dž ”ƒ†‡– ‘ Š ‹”‹–‹‰‡ ’ƒǑ  ƒ”„‡–‡–Ǥdž ˜‡‹ƒ‘’’‘‡–‡”‘–—•‰†ƒŽ‘ Š‹†ƒ”‹••‘•ƒŠƒ‡––•–‘”––ƒ ˆ‘Dž ”ƒŽŽ•‹ ŠŒƒDž Ž’Ǥ    .  .

(14) /ŶŶĞŚĊůů   υ͘  .

(15) Ž‡†‹‰  ................................................................................................................................................................................ͣ   ͟Ǥ͟Ǥ   ƒ‰”—†  ............................................................................................................................................................  ͟   ͟Ǥ͠Ǥ   ›ˆ–‡  ......................................................................................................................................................................  ͟   ͟Ǥ͡Ǥ   ‡–‘†  ...................................................................................................................................................................  ͠   ͟Ǥ͢Ǥ   ˜‰”ƒDž •‹‰ƒ”  ..................................................................................................................................................  ͠   ͟ǤͣǤ   ‹•’‘•‹–‹‘  .........................................................................................................................................................  ͠  . φ͘  . ”ƒϔ‹ƒƒŽ›•‘ Š’”‘‰‘•‡”  ..........................................................................................................................................ͥ   ͠Ǥ͟Ǥ   ƒ”‘ƒƒŽ›•‡•‰”—†‡”  .............................................................................................................................  ͡   ͠Ǥ͠Ǥ   ›”•–‡‰•‘†‡ŽŽ‡  ...........................................................................................................................................  ͣ   ͠Ǥ͡Ǥ   ‘‰‹–‘†‡ŽŽ‡  ..................................................................................................................................................  ͤ   ͠Ǥ͢Ǥ   ƒŠƒDž ŽŽ•‡‘‘‹•ƒƒŽ›Ž‡”  ...................................................................................................................  ͥ  . χ͘  . ƒŽ›•˜‡”–›‰‡–ƒ’‡”•  ............................................................................................................................................  ͣ͢   ͡Ǥ͟Ǥ   ›•–‡„‡•”‹˜‹‰  ......................................................................................................................................  ͟͟   ͡Ǥ͟Ǥ͟Ǥ   ‡–”‡‰‹‘ƒŽƒ‘†‡ŽŽ•›•–‡‡–  ......................................................................................................  ͟͠   ͡Ǥ͟Ǥ͠Ǥ   ‡–ƒ–‹‘‡ŽŽƒ‘†‡ŽŽ•›•–‡‡–  .....................................................................................................  ͣ͟  . ψ͘  . ƒŽ›Ž˜‡”–›‰  ....................................................................................................................................................................  ͣͨ   ͢Ǥ͟Ǥ   ƒƒŽ  ............................................................................................................................................................  ͤ͟   ͢Ǥ͟Ǥ͟Ǥ   ‡•–ƒǑ †•†‡Žƒ”  ......................................................................................................................................  ͤ͟   ͢Ǥ͟Ǥ͠Ǥ   ƒŽ›Ž’‘•–‡”  .........................................................................................................................................  ͦ͟   ͢Ǥ͠Ǥ     ....................................................................................................................................................................  ͧ͟   ͢Ǥ͡Ǥ   ƒ•‡  ..............................................................................................................................................................  ͧ͟  . ω͘  . ƒŽŽ•–—†‹‡  .............................................................................................................................................................................  ͤ͢   ͣǤ͟Ǥ   ƒŽŽ„‡•”‹˜‹‰  .............................................................................................................................................  ͠͞   ͣǤ͟Ǥ͟Ǥ    ‡ƒ”‹‘ǣ‘Dž †”ƒ—”–‡  ...................................................................................................................  ͠͠   ͣǤ͟Ǥ͠Ǥ    ‡ƒ”‹‘ǣ‘””ƒ—”–‡  ...................................................................................................................  ͠͡    ‡ƒ”‹‘ǣdž Ž˜ƒDž ‰‡  ........................................................................................................................  ͠͡   ͣǤ͟Ǥ͡Ǥ   ͣǤ͟Ǥ͢Ǥ    ‡ƒ”‹‘ǣ‹ŽŽƒ‹‡  .....................................................................................................................  ͠͡   ͣǤ͟ǤͣǤ    ‡ƒ”‹‘ǣ ‘Dž –ƒ  ..................................................................................................................................  ͢͠   ͣǤ͟ǤͤǤ    ‡ƒ”‹‘ ǣ–„›  ..................................................................................................................................  ͢͠  . ϊ͘  . ƒ–ƒ‘ Š‘†‡ŽŽ‡”  ...........................................................................................................................................................  ͤͧ   ͤǤ͟Ǥ   ƒ’‡”•‘†‡ŽŽ‡  ........................................................................................................................................  ͣ͠   ͤǤ͟Ǥ͟Ǥ  

(16) †ƒ–ƒ  ......................................................................................................................................................  ͣ͠   ͤǤ͟Ǥ͠Ǥ   ƒDž ˆ‘Dž ”‡Ž•‡ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡–  .....................................................................................................................  ͥ͠   ͤǤ͟Ǥ͡Ǥ   -­‐ˆ—–‹‘‡”  ......................................................................................................................................  ͡͡   ͤǤ͟Ǥ͢Ǥ   ˜˜‹‡Ž•‡”‘ ŠŒ—•–‡”‹‰ƒ”  .............................................................................................................  ͤ͡   ͤǤ͠Ǥ   ‡”ƒDž ‹‰ƒ”‹‘ Šƒ•‡  ...............................................................................................................  ͥ͡   ͤǤ͠Ǥ͟Ǥ     ...........................................................................................................................................................  ͥ͡   ͤǤ͠Ǥ͠Ǥ   ƒ•‡  .....................................................................................................................................................  ͧ͡  .  .

(17)   ϋ͘  . ‡–‘†‹  ................................................................................................................................................................................  ͦ͢   ͥǤ͟Ǥ   ƒ–‡”‹‰ƒ˜”‡•‡ˆ–‡”ˆ”ƒǑ ‰ƒ  ....................................................................................................................  ͢͟   ͥǤ͠Ǥ   ƒ–‡”‹‰ƒ˜‘ŽŽ‡–‹˜–”ƒϐ‹‡  ...............................................................................................................  ͢͢  . ό͘  . ‡•—Ž–ƒ–  ................................................................................................................................................................................  ͦͨ   ͦǤ͟Ǥ   Ž‘Dž †‡‘ Š–‹ŽŽ‰ƒDž ‰Ž‹‰Š‡–  ..........................................................................................................................  ͥ͢   ͦǤ͟Ǥ͟Ǥ    ‡ƒ”‹‘Ȁǡ—”–‡  ...........................................................................................................................  ͥ͢   ͦǤ͟Ǥ͠Ǥ    ‡ƒ”‹‘ǡdž Ž˜ƒDž ‰‡  .........................................................................................................................  ͣ͟   ͦǤ͟Ǥ͡Ǥ    ‡ƒ”‹‘ǡ‹ŽŽƒ‹‡  ......................................................................................................................  ͣͣ   ͦǤ͟Ǥ͢Ǥ    ‡ƒ”‹‘ǡ ‘Dž –ƒ  ..................................................................................................................................  ͣͧ   ͦǤ͟ǤͣǤ    ‡ƒ”‹‘ ǡ–„›  ..................................................................................................................................  ͤ͠   ͦǤ͠Ǥ   ƒƒ•–ƒDž ŽŽ‹‰..........................................................................................................................................  ͤͣ   ͦǤ͡Ǥ   ƒDž •Ž‹‰Š‡–•ƒƒŽ›•Ȃ˜ƒDž ”†‡”‹‰ƒ˜ˆ‘Dž ”•‡ƒ†–‹†  ...............................................................................  ͤͤ  . ύ͘  . Ž—–•ƒ–•‡”‘ Š†‹•—••‹‘  .............................................................................................................................................  ͨͪ   ͧǤ͟Ǥ   ‡‘‡†ƒ–‹‘‡”  ....................................................................................................................................  ͤͧ  . ‹Žƒ‰ƒ

(18) Ǥ  . ¡ˆÚ”‡Ž•‡ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡–•ϔŽÚ†‡.......................................................................................................................  ‹  . ‹Žƒ‰ƒ

(19)

(20) Ǥ  . ƒŠ¡ŽŽ•‡‘‘‹•ƒ‘•–ƒ†‡”ǡ–ƒ„‡ŽŽ‡”  ..............................................................................................  š‹  . ‹Žƒ‰ƒ

(21)

(22)

(23) Ǥ    .  . ‡•—Ž–‡”ƒ†‡ϔŽÚ†‡ˆÚ”ˆƒŽŽ•–—†‹‡  ...................................................................................................  š‹˜  .

(24) &ŝŐƵƌĞƌ   ‹‰—”͠Ǥ͟ǣ–›’‹•-­‐ˆ—–‹‘Ǥ  ................................................................................................................................  ͢   ‹‰—”͠Ǥ͠ǣ‡•˜ƒŽ‹ˆ›”•–‡‰•‘†‡ŽŽ‡ǤƒDž ŽŽƒǣȋͥ͠͞͞Ȍ  ...................................................................................  ͤ   ‹‰—”͡Ǥ͟ǣ

(25) †‡Ž‹‰‹”‡‰‹‘ƒŽƒ‘†‡ŽŽ‡”‹ƒ’‡”••›•–‡‡–ǤƒDž ŽŽƒǣȋͥ͠͞͞Ȍ  ...............................  ͟͞   ‹‰—”͡Ǥ͠ǣ›•–‡„‡•”‹˜‹‰ƒ˜ƒ’‡”•ǤƒDž ŽŽƒǣȋͥ͠͞͞Ȍ  .....................................................................  ͟͟   ‹‰—”͡Ǥ͡ǣ‡–ƒŽŒ—”‡––ƒ’‡”•ƒDž –‡†ŽƒDž ƒ”‹‘Dž ”‰”‘Dž –ǡ•ƒˆ–ŽƒDž ƒ”‹ŽŒ—•‰”‘Dž –ǡ‘†‡”‹„ŽƒǑ –– ‘ Š ‡–”‘‹†‡”‹”‘Dž ––Ǥ  ......................................................................................................................................................  ͟͠   ‹‰—”͡Ǥͣǣ‡•”‹˜‹‰ƒ˜Š—””‡•’”‘‰‘•—–ˆ‘Dž ”•‹ƒ’‡”•”‡‰‹‘ƒŽƒ‘†‡ŽŽǤƒDž ŽŽƒǣ”ƒ•‡ ȋƒǑ ” ‘ƒDž –Ȍ  ...................................................................................................................................................................................  ͟͡   ‹‰—”͡Ǥ͢ǣ‡”ƒDž ‹‰ƒ˜—–„—†‘ Š‡ˆ–‡”ˆ”ƒǑ ‰ƒˆ‘Dž ”„‹Ž–”ƒϐ‹‡Ǥ ‡–•–‹Ž––‡š–˜‹•ƒ”„‡”ƒDž ‹‰••–‡‰Ǥ͟͡   ‹‰—” ͢Ǥ͟ǣ š‡’‡Ž ’ƒǑ  Šƒ•–‹‰Š‡–ȀϐŽ‘Dž †‡-­‐•ƒ„ƒ† ˆ‘Dž ” ’‡”•‘„‹Ž •ƒ– Žƒ•–„‹Ž —–ƒ ‘ Š ‡† •ŽƒDž ’Ǥ ƒDž ŽŽƒǣƒ’‡”•ȋͧ͠͞͞Ȍ  ...................................................................................................................................................  ͥ͟   ‹‰—” ͣǤ͟ǣ ƒ”–ƒ ‘Dž ˜‡” ‘Dž –ƒ ƒDž Ž˜‘”ƒǑ †‡– ‡† ƒ”‡”ƒ†‡ • ‡ƒ”‹‡”Ǥ ƒDž ŽŽƒǣ ’ƒ••ƒ† ˆ”ƒǑ  ƒ–ƒDž –‡”‹‡–......................................................................................................................................................................  ͟͠   ‹‰—”ͣǤ͠ǣƒ”–ƒ‘Dž ˜‡”• ‡ƒ”‹‡”ƒǡ‘ ŠǤƒDž ŽŽƒǣ’ƒ••ƒ†ˆ”ƒǑ ƒ–ƒDž –‡”‹‡–  ...............................  ͠͠   ‹‰—”ͣǤ͡ǣƒ”–ƒ‘Dž ˜‡”• ‡ƒ”‹‡”ƒ‘ ŠǤƒDž ŽŽƒǣ’ƒ••ƒ†ˆ”ƒǑ ƒ–ƒDž –‡”‹‡–  ....................................  ͠͡   ‹‰—”ͣǤ͢ǣƒ”–ƒ‘Dž ˜‡”• ‡ƒ”‹‡”ƒ‘ Š ǤƒDž ŽŽƒǣ’ƒ••ƒ†ˆ”ƒǑ ƒ–ƒDž –‡”‹‡–  .....................................  ͢͠   ‹‰—”ͤǤ͟ǣ‡”‡”ƒ”‹‰‰‹‰ǡ‘†‡ŽŽ‘ Š„ƒ•‹ƒ’‡”•‘ Š‹ǒ –‰ƒDž ”†•’Žƒ‡”‹‰‡Ǥ  .........................  ͣ͠   ‹‰—”ͤǤ͠ǣ‡ˆ‘Ž‹‰•–ƒDž –Š‡–ˆ‘Dž ”ƒ––„‡ˆ‘Ž‹‰ƒǑ ”͠͞͠͞Ǥ  ...............................................................................  ͤ͠   ‹‰—”ͤǤ͡ǣ‡ˆ‘Ž‹‰•–ƒDž –Š‡–ˆ‘Dž ”†ƒ‰„‡ˆ‘Ž‹‰ƒǑ ”͠͞͠͞Ǥ  ................................................................................  ͤ͠   ‹‰—” ͤǤ͢ǣ ƒDž ‰ƒDž –‡– ‹ ƒ’‡”•Ǥ ‹ˆˆ”‘”ƒ ˜‹•ƒ” •—ƒ ƒ˜ „ƒǑ †ƒ ”‹–‹‰ƒ”ƒ• †›‰•ϐŽ‘Dž †‡ ‹ –—•‡–ƒŽǤ  ...............................................................................................................................................................................  ͥ͠   ‹‰—” ͤǤͣǣ ‘ŽŽ‡–‹˜–”ƒϐ‹ƒDž –‡– ‹ ƒ’‡”•Ǥ ‹ˆˆ”‘”ƒ ˜‹•ƒ” •—ƒ ƒ˜ „ƒǑ †ƒ ”‹–‹‰ƒ”ƒ• †›‰•ϐŽ‘Dž †‡‹–—•‡–ƒŽǤ  ..................................................................................................................................................  ͦ͠   ‹‰—”ͤǤͤǣ ƒDž ˆ‘Dž ”‡Ž•‡ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡–•„‹Ž–”ƒϐ‹ϐŽ‘Dž †‡ˆ‘Dž ”• ‡ƒ”‹‘ȀǤ  .........................................................  ͧ͠   ‹‰—”ͤǤͥǣ ƒDž ˆ‘Dž ”‡Ž•‡ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡–•„‹Ž–”ƒϐ‹ϐŽ‘Dž †‡ˆ‘Dž ”• ‡ƒ”‹‘Ǥ  ...............................................................  ͡͞   ‹‰—”ͤǤͦǣ ƒDž ˆ‘Dž ”‡Ž•‡ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡–•„‹Ž–”ƒϐ‹ϐŽ‘Dž †‡ˆ‘Dž ”• ‡ƒ”‹‘Ǥ  ..............................................................  ͟͡   ‹‰—”ͤǤͧǣ ƒDž ˆ‘Dž ”‡Ž•‡ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡–•„‹Ž–”ƒϐ‹ϐŽ‘Dž †‡ˆ‘Dž ”• ‡ƒ”‹‘Ǥ  ...............................................................  ͡͠   ‹‰—”ͤǤ͟͞ǣ ƒDž ˆ‘Dž ”‡Ž•‡ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡–•„‹Ž–”ƒϐ‹ϐŽ‘Dž †‡ˆ‘Dž ”• ‡ƒ”‹‘ Ǥ  ............................................................  ͡͡    .

(26)   ‹‰—”ͤǤ͟͟ǣŽ‹ƒƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡”ƒ˜-­‐ˆ—–‹‘‡”‹ƒDž –‡–Ǥ‡š–‡˜‹•ƒ”-­‐ˆ—–‹‘‡”ƒ•„‡–‡ ‹‰‹ ƒ’‡”•Ǥ  ..............................................................................................................................................................................  ͢͡   ‹‰—”ͤǤ͟͠ǣ -­‐ˆ‘”Ž‡”ˆ‘Dž ”‡‹Ž‘‡–‡”–˜ƒǑ ϐ‹Ž‹‰‘–‘”˜ƒDž ‰Ǥ  ........................................................................  ͢͡   ‹‰—”ͤǤ͟͡ǣ -­‐ˆ‘”Ž‡”ˆ‘Dž ”‡‹Ž‘‡–‡”–˜ƒǑ ϐ‹Ž‹‰͟͟͞-­‐˜ƒDž ‰‡Ž‹‰–ͥ͟Ǥ...................................................  ͤ͡   ‹‰—”ͤǤ͟͢ǣƒDž ‰ƒDž –‡–‹Ǥ  ..........................................................................................................................................  ͥ͡   ‹‰—” ͤǤͣ͟ǣ -­‐ϐŽ‘Dž †‡ ˆ‘Dž ” • ‡ƒ”‹‘ ǡ ǡ  ‘ Š Ǥ ‹ˆˆ”‘”ƒ ˜‹•ƒ” †—„„‡Ž”‹–ƒ†‡ ŽƒDž ϐŽ‘Dž †‡ ‹ –—•‡–ƒŽǤ  ...............................................................................................................................................................................  ͦ͡   ‹‰—”ͦǤ͟ǣ‘’Ž‡––”‡•’”‘‰‘•ȋ˜ƒDž •–‡”Ȍ”‡•’‡–‹˜‡‹‰‡”‡•’”‘‰‘•ˆ‘Dž ”Ǥ  .................................  ͢͠   ‹‰—” ͦǤ͠ǣ ˜ƒǑ  •ƒDž –– ƒ–– ƒ˜ƒDž †ƒ ƒ”„‡–•”‡•‘”ƒ ˆ”ƒǑ  ŒƒDž ˆ‘Dž ”‡Ž•‡ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡– ‹ —–”‡†‹‰•ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡–Ǥ  .................................................................................................................................................  ͢͡   ‹‰—”ͧǤ͟ǣ‘†‹‰ƒ˜‘ŽŽ‡–‹˜–”ƒϐ‹‹ ȋ˜ƒDž •–‡”Ȍ‘ Š‹Ǥ  .......................................................................  ͤ͢   ‹‰—”ͧǤ͠ǣš‡’‡Ž’ƒǑ ‘Ž‡†‹‰̶„”ƒ̶ȋ˜ƒDž •–‡”Ȍ”‡•’‡–‹˜‡̶ƒDž ”ƒ̶Ǥ  .......................................................  ͥ͢   ‹‰—”ͧǤ͡ǣ Ž‘Dž †‡ˆ‘Dž ”’”‘‰‘•ƒ˜• ‡ƒ”‹‘ȀǤ  ..................................................................................................  ͦ͢   ‹‰—”ͧǤ͢ǣƒŠƒDž ŽŽ•‡‘‘‹•ƒ‘•–ƒ†‡”ˆ‘Dž ”• ‡ƒ”‹‘ȀǤ  .......................................................................  ͣ͟   ‹‰—”ͧǤͣǣ‘•—‡–‘Dž ˜‡”•‘––‡–•„‡•–ƒǑ †•†‡Žƒ”ˆ‘Dž ”• ‡ƒ”‹‘ȀǤ  ........................................................  ͣ͟   ‹‰—”ͧǤͤǣ Ž‘Dž †‡ˆ‘Dž ”’”‘‰‘•ƒ˜• ‡ƒ”‹‘Ǥ  ........................................................................................................  ͣ͠   ‹‰—”ͧǤͥǣƒŠƒDž ŽŽ•‡‘‘‹•ƒ‘•–ƒ†‡”ˆ‘Dž ”• ‡ƒ”‹‘Ǥ  ............................................................................  ͣ͢   ‹‰—”ͧǤͦǣ‘•—‡–‘Dž ˜‡”•‘––‡–•„‡•–ƒǑ †•†‡Žƒ”ˆ‘Dž ”• ‡ƒ”‹‘Ǥ  ..............................................................  ͣͣ   ‹‰—”ͧǤͧǣ Ž‘Dž †‡ˆ‘Dž ”’”‘‰‘•ƒ˜• ‡ƒ”‹‘Ǥ  .......................................................................................................  ͣͤ   ‹‰—”ͧǤ͟͞ǣƒŠƒDž ŽŽ•‡‘‘‹•ƒ‘•–ƒ†‡”ˆ‘Dž ”• ‡ƒ”‹‘Ǥ  .........................................................................  ͣͦ   ‹‰—”ͧǤ͟͟ǣ‘•—‡–‘Dž ˜‡”•‘––‡–•„‡•–ƒǑ †•†‡Žƒ”ˆ‘Dž ”• ‡ƒ”‹‘Ǥ  ...........................................................  ͣͦ   ‹‰—”ͧǤ͟͠ǣ Ž‘Dž †‡ˆ‘Dž ”’”‘‰‘•ƒ˜• ‡ƒ”‹‘Ǥ  .....................................................................................................  ͣͧ   ‹‰—”ͧǤ͟͡ǣƒŠƒDž ŽŽ•‡‘‘‹•ƒ‘•–ƒ†‡”ˆ‘Dž ”• ‡ƒ”‹‘Ǥ  ..........................................................................  ͤ͟   ‹‰—”ͧǤ͟͢ǣ‘•—‡–‘Dž ˜‡”•‘––‡–•„‡•–ƒǑ †•†‡Žƒ”ˆ‘Dž ”• ‡ƒ”‹‘Ǥ  ...........................................................  ͤ͠   ‹‰—”ͧǤͣ͟ǣ Ž‘Dž †‡ˆ‘Dž ”’”‘‰‘•ƒ˜• ‡ƒ”‹‘ Ǥ  .....................................................................................................  ͤ͠   ‹‰—”ͧǤͤ͟ǣƒŠƒDž ŽŽ•‡‘‘‹•ƒ‘•–ƒ†‡”ˆ‘Dž ”• ‡ƒ”‹‘ Ǥ  ..........................................................................  ͤͣ   ‹‰—”ͧǤͥ͟ǣ‘•—‡–‘Dž ˜‡”•‘––‡–•„‡•–ƒǑ †•†‡Žƒ”ˆ‘Dž ”• ‡ƒ”‹‘ Ǥ  ...........................................................  ͤͣ   ‹‰—”ͧǤͦ͟ǣƒŠƒDž ŽŽ•‡‘‘‹•ƒ‘•–ƒ†‡”ˆ‘Dž ”‡͟͞͞†ƒ‰ƒ”ŽƒǑ ‰ƒ˜•–ƒDž ‰‹‰Ǥ.................................  ͤͤ   ‹‰—”ͧǤͧ͟ǣ‹Ž–”ƒϐ‹ϐŽ‘Dž †‡ˆ‘Dž ”• ‡ƒ”‹‘‡†ƒ’‡”•ȋ˜ƒDž •–‡”Ȍ‘ Š‡†Ǥ  ...............................  ͤͤ    .

(27) ‹‰—”ͧǤ͠͞ǣƒŠƒDž ŽŽ•‡‘‘‹•ƒ‡ˆˆ‡–‡”‡†‘ Š—–ƒͣ͞Ψ–‹ŽŽƒDž ‰‰’ƒǑ –‹†•˜ƒDž ”†‡–Ǥ  .........................  ͤͥ  .  .

(28)  . dĂďĞůůĞƌ   ƒ„‡ŽŽ͢Ǥ͟ǣ‡•”‹˜‹‰ƒ˜Š—”ƒƒŽ•ƒŽ›Ž‡”‰‡‘ˆ‘Dž ”•ǤƒDž ŽŽƒǣƒ’ƒ••ƒ†ˆ”ƒǑ 

(29) ȋͧ͠͞͞„Ȍ  ................................................................................................................................................................................................  ͥ͟   ƒ„‡ŽŽͤǤ͟ǣ‘•–ƒ†‡”ˆ‘Dž ”͟͞͞†ƒ‰ƒ”•ƒ˜„”‘––‡Ž‹‰–-­‐ƒƒŽ›•‡Ǥ  ..........................................................  ͦ͡   ƒ„‡ŽŽͤǤ͠ǣ‘•—‡–‘Dž ˜‡”•‘––‡–•„‡•–ƒǑ †•†‡Žƒ”Ǥ  .........................................................................................  ͧ͡   ƒ„‡ŽŽͧǤ͟ǣ˜•–ƒǑ †ˆ‘Dž ”• ‡ƒ”‹‘ȀǤ  .....................................................................................................................  ͥ͢   ƒ„‡ŽŽͧǤ͠ǣ‡•–‹†‡”‹• ‡ƒ”‹‘Ȁ‡†‡–‘†͟Ǥ  .............................................................................................  ͧ͢   ƒ„‡ŽŽͧǤ͡ǣ‡•ƒ†‡’‡”ǒ ‹• ‡ƒ”‹‘ȀŒƒDž ˆ‘Dž ”–‡† Ǥ  ......................................................................  ͧ͢   ƒ„‡ŽŽͧǤ͢ǣ‡•–‹†‡”‹• ‡ƒ”‹‘Ȁ‡†‡–‘†͠Ǥ  .............................................................................................  ͣ͞   ƒ„‡ŽŽͧǤͣǣ‡•–‹†‡”‹• ‡ƒ”‹‘Ȁ‡†‡–‘†͡Ǥ  .............................................................................................  ͣ͞   ƒ„‡ŽŽͧǤͤǣ˜•–ƒǑ †ˆ‘Dž ”• ‡ƒ”‹‘Ǥ  ...........................................................................................................................  ͣ͟   ƒ„‡ŽŽͧǤͥǣ‡•–‹†‡”‹• ‡ƒ”‹‘‡†‡–‘†͟Ǥ  ...................................................................................................  ͣ͠   ƒ„‡ŽŽͧǤͦǣ‡•ƒ†‡’‡”ǒ ‹• ‡ƒ”‹‘ŒƒDž ˆ‘Dž ”–‡† Ǥ  ............................................................................  ͣ͡   ƒ„‡ŽŽͧǤͧǣ‡•–‹†‡”‹• ‡ƒ”‹‘‡†‡–‘†͠Ǥ  ...................................................................................................  ͣ͡   ƒ„‡ŽŽͧǤ͟͞ǣ‡•–‹†‡”‹• ‡ƒ”‹‘‡†‡–‘†͡Ǥ  ................................................................................................  ͣ͢   ƒ„‡ŽŽͧǤ͟͟ǣ˜•–ƒǑ †ˆ‘Dž ”• ‡ƒ”‹‘Ǥ  ........................................................................................................................  ͣͣ   ƒ„‡ŽŽͧǤ͟͠ǣ‡•–‹†‡”ˆ‘Dž ”• ‡ƒ”‹‘‡†‡–‘†͟Ǥ  ...........................................................................................  ͣͤ   ƒ„‡ŽŽͧǤ͟͡ǣ ‘Dž ”ƒDž †”ƒ–”‡•ƒ†‡‹• ‡ƒ”‹‘ŒƒDž ˆ‘Dž ”–‡† Ǥ  .......................................................................  ͣͤ   ƒ„‡ŽŽͧǤ͟͢ǣ‡•–‹†‡”ˆ‘Dž ”• ‡ƒ”‹‘‡†‡–‘†͠Ǥ  ...........................................................................................  ͣͥ   ƒ„‡ŽŽͧǤͣ͟ǣ‡•–‹†‡”ˆ‘Dž ”• ‡ƒ”‹‘‡†‡–‘†͡Ǥ  ...........................................................................................  ͣͥ   ƒ„‡ŽŽͧǤͤ͟ǣ˜•–ƒǑ †ˆ‘Dž ”• ‡ƒ”‹‘Ǥ  ........................................................................................................................  ͣͧ   ƒ„‡ŽŽͧǤͥ͟ǣ‡•–‹†‡”ˆ‘Dž ”• ‡ƒ”‹‘‡†‡–‘†͟Ǥ  ............................................................................................  ͤ͞   ƒ„‡ŽŽͧǤͦ͟ǣ ‘Dž ”ƒDž †”ƒ–”‡•ƒ†‡‹• ‡ƒ”‹‘ŒƒDž ˆ‘Dž ”–‡† Ǥ  .......................................................................  ͤ͞   ƒ„‡ŽŽͧǤͧ͟ǣ‡•–‹†‡”‹• ‡ƒ”‹‘‡†‡–‘†͠Ǥ  ................................................................................................  ͤ͞   ƒ„‡ŽŽͧǤ͠͞ǣ‡•–‹†‡”‹• ‡ƒ”‹‘‡†‡–‘†͡Ǥ  ................................................................................................  ͤ͟   ƒ„‡ŽŽͧǤ͟͠ǣ˜•–ƒǑ †ˆ‘Dž ”• ‡ƒ”‹‘ Ǥ.........................................................................................................................  ͤ͠   ƒ„‡ŽŽͧǤ͠͠ǣ‡•–‹†‡”‹• ‡ƒ”‹‘ ˆ‘Dž ”‡–‘†‹‡•‡–‘†͟Ǥ  ..........................................................................  ͤ͡  .  .

(30) ƒ„‡ŽŽͧǤ͠͡ǣ ‘Dž ”ƒDž †”ƒ–”‡•ƒ†‡‹• ‡ƒ”‹‘ ŒƒDž ˆ‘Dž ”–‡† Ǥ  ........................................................................  ͤ͡   ƒ„‡ŽŽͧǤ͢͠ǣ‡•–‹†‡†ƒ”„‡–•‡ˆ–‡”ˆ”ƒǑ ‰ƒˆ”ƒǑ  ǡ• ‡ƒ”‹‘ Ǥ  ....................................................................  ͤ͢   ƒ„‡ŽŽͧǤͣ͠ǣ‡•–‹†‡”‡†ƒŽŽ‡ˆ–‡”ˆ”ƒǑ ‰ƒˆ”ƒǑ  ǡ• ‡ƒ”‹‘ Ǥ  .......................................................................  ͤ͢   ƒ„‡ŽŽ͟͞Ǥ͟ǣ ƒŽŽ•–—†‹‡••ƒŠƒDž ŽŽ•‡‘‘‹•ƒ‘•–ƒ†‡”Ǥ  ...........................................................................  ͤͧ  .  .

(31)  . &ƂƌŬŽƌƚŶŝŶŐĂƌ   –Ú”‡”         

(32)   

(33)   .        . ”ƒϔ‹ƒƒŽ›•   ‘                    „•     „—          „     „›                    -­‐ˆ—–‹‘               ǒ      ǒ       .  . ”„‡–•‰”—’’‡ˆ‘Dž ”•ƒŠƒDž ŽŽ•‡‘‘‹•ƒƒŽ›Ž˜ƒDž ”†‡   –ƒ–‹•–‹•ƒ ‡–”ƒŽ„›”ƒǑ    –ƒ–‡•‰‡‘–‡‹•ƒ‹•–‹–—–   –ƒ–‡•‹•–‹–—–ˆ‘Dž ”‘—‹ƒ–‹‘•ƒƒŽ›•ȋ—‡”ƒ”ƒϐ‹ƒƒŽ›•Ȍ   ”‹ˆ–‘ Š—†‡”ŠƒǑ ŽŽ   ˆˆ‡–‹˜ƒ‡‡”‰‹-­‐‘ Š–”ƒ•’‘”–•›•–‡   ˆˆ‡–‡”˜‹†˜ƒDž ‰ƒƒŽ›•‡”   ƒDž ˆ‘Dž ”‡Ž•‡ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜   ƒ•–„‹Ž‡†•ŽƒDž ’   ƒ•–„‹Ž—–ƒ•ŽƒDž ’   ”‹‰‹-­‐‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘   ‡”•‘„‹Ž   ‡”•‘„‹Ž‹›”‡•–”ƒϐ‹   ƒŽŽ”‡ƒƒ”‡––ƒ–‹•–‹ •   –˜ƒDž ”†‡”‹‰•ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜   •‡”“—‹Ž‹„”‹—ǡƒ˜ƒDž †ƒ”ŒƒDž ˜‹–   ‡   ‘Ž—‡-­‐‡Žƒ› — –‹‘   ƒ”†ƒ‰•‡†‡Ž†›‰   ǒ ”•‡†‡Ž†›‰   ǒ –‰ƒDž ”†•’Žƒ‡”‹‰‡  .

(34)

(35)  . υ͘ /ŶůĞĚŶŝŶŐ   ƒ”Œ‡ †ƒ‰ †”ƒ„„ƒ• –”ƒϐ‹•›•–‡‡– ƒ˜ ‡ ƒDž ‰† ‡” ‡ŽŽ‡” ‹†”‡ ƒŽŽ˜ƒ”Ž‹‰ƒ ƒ˜„”‘–– ‘ Š •–‘Dž ”‹‰ƒ”Ǥ ‡– ƒ Šƒ†Žƒ ‘ –”ƒϐ‹‘Ž› ‘” •‘ „Ž‘ ‡”ƒ” ˆ”ƒ‘Ž‹‰Š‡–‡ǡ •‹‰ƒŽ-­‐ ‡ŽŽ‡” ˜ƒDž š‡Žˆ‡Ž•‘†”ƒ„„ƒ”ŒƒDž ”˜ƒDž ‰•–”ƒϐ‹‡ǡ˜ƒDž ‰ƒ”•‘„Ž‘ ‡”ƒ•ƒ˜•–‘”ˆƒDž ŽŽ†ƒ–”ƒDž †ǡ‡ŽŽ‡”ƒǑ ‰‘ƒ˜ ‡–– ‘–ƒŽ ƒ†”ƒ ˜ƒ”†ƒ‰Ž‹‰ƒ ŠƒDž †‡Ž•‡”Ǥ ‡‡•ƒ– ˆ‘Dž ” •ƒǑ †ƒƒ ƒ˜„”‘–– ƒDž ” ƒ–– †‡ ‹ ”‡‰‡Ž ƒDž ” ‘Dž ˜‡”‰ƒǑ ‡†‡Ǣ ‡ˆ–‡” ƒǑ ‰”ƒ –‹ƒ” ‡ŽŽ‡” †ƒ‰ƒ” Šƒ” ˆ”ƒ‘Ž‹‰Š‡–‡ ƒǑ –‡”•–ƒDž ŽŽ–• ‘ Š –”ƒϐ‹‡ ƒ ƒǑ –‡”‹‰‡’ƒ••‡”ƒ•‘˜ƒŽ‹‰–Ǥ   ‡”•ƒDž ŽŽ•›–ƒǡ‘ Š‘ˆ–ƒ„‡–›†Ž‹‰–ƒŽŽ˜ƒ”Ž‹‰ƒ”‡ǡƒDž ”ƒ˜„”‘––•‘ƒ˜•‹ƒ–—”ƒDž ”ŽƒǑ ‰˜ƒ”‹‰ƒ‘ Š•˜ƒǑ ”ƒ ƒ––ˆ‘Dž ”—–•‡ǣ‡”ƒ•ƒ†„”‘ǡ‘Dž ˜‡”•˜ƒDž ƒ†‡Žƒ†‘”ƒǑ †‡ǡ‡ŽŽ‡”‡˜ƒDž ‰„‘”–•˜‡’–ƒ˜‡––Œ‘”†•”‡†Ǥ dž ”†‡†”ƒ„„ƒ†‡ŽƒDž ‡†‡••—–‘‡––˜ƒDž Žƒ˜ƒDž ––”ƒ•’‘”–•–”ƒǑ ƒ‡ˆˆ‡–‡”ƒ„Ž‹‘‘Dž ˜‡”•ƒǑ †Ž‹‰ƒǤ ”ƒϐ‹ƒ–‡” –˜‹‰ƒ• Š‹––ƒ ›ƒ •ƒDž –– ƒ–– –ƒ •‹‰ –‹ŽŽ •‹ƒ †‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘‡”ǡ ˜‹Ž‡– ‹ ‡–– ”‡†ƒ ƒ•–”ƒDž ‰– –”ƒϐ‹•›•–‡ ƒ Ž‡†ƒ –‹ŽŽ –”ƒDž ‰•‡Ž‡ˆˆ‡–‡” •‘ •’”‹†‡” •‹‰ ŽƒǑ ‰– —–ƒˆ‘Dž ” †‡– †‹”‡– †”ƒ„„ƒ†‡ ‘”ƒǑ †‡–Ǥ   ‡– ƒDž ” ‡ˆˆ‡–‡”ƒ ƒ˜ †‡••ƒ •‡ƒ”‡ –›’‡” ƒ˜ ƒ˜„”‘–– •‘ •–—†‡”ƒ• ‹ †‡––ƒ ‡šƒ‡•ƒ”„‡–‡Ǥ

(36)  ‡ ˆƒŽŽ•–—†‹‡ —†‡”•‘Dž • Š—” –”ƒϐ‹•›•–‡‡– ”‡ƒ‰‡”ƒ” ’ƒǑ  Œ‘”†•”‡† ‹ ‘Dž –ƒ ƒDž Ž˜†ƒŽ‡Ǥ ‡† ŠŒƒDž Ž’ ƒ˜ •–—†‹‡•ƒ’ƒ•ƒDž ˜‡‡‡–‘†‹ˆ‘Dž ”ƒƒŽ›•ƒ˜Ž‹ƒ†‡ŠƒDž †‡Ž•‡”Ǥ  . υ͘υ͘. ĂŬŐƌƵŶĚ  . –—†‹‡” —–ˆ‘Dž ”†ƒ ƒ˜ ˜‡”‹‰‡• ‡–‡‘”‘Ž‘‰‹•ƒ ‘ Š Š›†”‘Ž‘‰‹•ƒ ‹•–‹–—– ȋ

(37) Ȍ ƒ–›†‡” ƒ–– Ž‹ƒ–ˆ‘Dž ”ƒDž †”‹‰ƒ”‘‡”ƒ––Ž‡†ƒ–‹ŽŽ‘Dž ƒ†‡˜ƒ––‡•–”‘Dž ƒ”‹ ‘Dž –ƒƒDž Ž˜ǡ‘ Š†ƒDž ”‡†‡‘Dž ƒ† ”‹• ˆ‘Dž ” •”‡† ȋŽ‹ƒ–-­‐ ‘ Š •ƒǑ ”„ƒ”Š‡–•—–”‡†‹‰‡ǡ ͤ͠͞͞ȌǤ ‘ ‡ ‘•‡˜‡• ƒ˜ †‡ƒ —–˜‡ Ž‹‰ Šƒ” –ƒ–‡• ‰‡‘–‡‹•ƒ ‹•–‹–—– ȋ

(38) Ȍ ˆƒǑ –– ‹ —’’†”ƒ‰ ƒ˜ ”‡‰‡”‹‰‡ ƒ–– —–ˆ‘Dž ”ƒ ‡ •”‡†”‹•ƒ”–‡”‹‰ƒ˜ ‘Dž –ƒƒDž Ž˜†ƒŽ‡ȓȓͦ͢‡‰‡”‹‰•ƒ•Ž‹‡–ͦ͠͞͞ȔȔǤ’’†”ƒ‰‡–•–”ƒDž ‡”•‹‰‘Dž ˜‡” ‡ –”‡ƒǑ ”•’‡”‹‘†ǡ ͧ͠͞͞-­‐͟͟͠͞ǡ ‘ Š ‹‡„ƒDž ” „Žƒ† ƒƒ– ƒ–– ‘Dž –ƒ ƒDž Ž˜• „‘––‡’”‘ϐ‹Ž ‘ Š †ƒŽ‡• ƒ”•ƒƒ•ƒDž ––‹‰ ƒ”–ŽƒDž ‰‰•Ǥ ‘Dž ”—–‘ ”‹•‡ ˆ‘Dž ” •”‡† —†‡”•‘Dž ‡” 

(39)  ƒDž ˜‡ ˜ƒ† ‘•‡˜‡•‡”ƒ ƒ „Ž‹ ‘ ‡–– •”‡† ‹–”ƒDž ˆˆƒ”Ǥ ‹– Š‘Dž ” †‡Ž• ‡” ‡ŽŽ‡” ‹†”‡ †‹”‡–ƒ ‡ˆˆ‡–‡” ‘”•ƒƒ†‡ ƒ˜ •”‡†‡–ǡ •‘ ˆ‘Dž ”Ž—•–‡ ƒ˜ ƒDž ‹•‘Ž‹˜ ‘ Š ƒǑ –‡”•–ƒDž ŽŽƒ†‡– ƒ˜ „›‰‰ƒ†‡” ‘ Š ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—–—”ǡ‡ƒDž ˜‡†‡‡”‹†‹”‡–ƒ‡ˆˆ‡–‡”•‘ƒ—’’•–ƒǑ ǡ‡š‡’‡Ž˜‹•’ƒǑ ˜‡”ƒ’ƒǑ ˜ƒDž ‰-­‐ ‘ ŠŒƒDž ”˜ƒDž ‰•–”ƒϐ‹‡‘‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—–—”‡‹‘”ƒǑ †‡–„Ž‹”‘„”—„ƒ”Ǥ   ‡ƒ ’ƒǑ ˜‡”ƒ ’ƒǑ  –”ƒϐ‹‡ ‘‡” ƒ–– —†‡”•‘Dž ƒ• ˜‹†ƒ”‡ ‹ †‡––ƒ ƒ”„‡–‡ǡ ‡ Šƒ” ƒDž ˜‡ ƒƒŽ›•‡”ƒ–•ƒ˜™‡ ‘‡†ŠŒƒDž Ž’ƒ˜˜‡”–›‰‡–ˆˆ‡–‡”˜‹†˜ƒDž ‰ƒƒŽ›•‡”ȋȌǡ‘ Šƒ˜”ƒϐ‹˜‡”‡– ‡† ˜‡”–›‰‡– ƒ•‡Ǥ

(40)  †‡––ƒ ƒ”„‡–‡ ƒ˜ƒDž †• ƒƒŽ›••›•–‡‡– ƒ’‡”• ‡† †‡– –‹ŽŽŠ‘Dž ”ƒ†‡ ƒŽ›Ž˜‡”–›‰‡– ƒƒŽǤ ƒ’‡”• ƒDž ” —–˜‡ Žƒ– ƒ˜ †‡ •˜‡•ƒ –”ƒϐ‹›†‹‰Š‡–‡”ƒǡ ‘ Š ƒDž ” †‡– •›•–‡ •‘ –”ƒ†‹–‹‘‡ŽŽ– ƒ˜ƒDž †• ˆ‘Dž ” ƒ–– —–ˆ‘Dž ”ƒ ƒƒŽ›•‡” ‘ Š ’”‘‰‘•‡” ƒ˜ ‘ˆƒ––ƒ†‡ –”ƒϐ‹ƒǑ –‰ƒDž ”†‡”Ǥ  . υ͘φ͘. ^LJŌĞ  . šƒ‡•ƒ”„‡–‡–••›ˆ–‡ƒDž ”ƒ–––ƒˆ”ƒ‡‡–‘†‹ˆ‘Dž ”ƒ––ƒƒŽ›•‡”ƒ–”ƒϐ‹ƒDž –‡–••ƒǑ ”„ƒ”Š‡–˜‹†ŽƒǑ ‰-­‐ ˜ƒ”‹‰ƒƒ˜„”‘––‡†ŠŒƒDž Ž’ƒ˜„‡”ƒDž ‹‰•˜‡”–›‰‡ƒ’‡”•‘ ŠƒƒŽǤ‡–‘†‹‡•ƒ’ƒ•‘ Š —–˜ƒDž ”†‡”ƒ•‰‡‘‡ˆƒŽŽ•–—†‹‡ƒ˜‡––ƒ–ƒŽ• ‡ƒ”‹‡”ˆ‘Dž ”Œ‘”†•”‡†ŽƒDž ‰• ‘Dž –ƒƒDž Ž˜†ƒŽ‡Ǥ  .

(41) Ž‡†‹‰  .  . ͟  .

(42) υ͘χ͘. DĞƚŽĚ  .  Ž‹––‡”ƒ–—”•–—†‹‡ Šƒ” ‰‡‘ˆ‘Dž ”–• ‡† ˆ‘—• ’ƒǑ  –”‡ ‘”ƒǑ †‡ǣ –‹†‹‰ƒ”‡ ƒ˜„”‘–– Ž‹ƒ†‡ †‡– ‹ ˆƒŽŽ•–—†‹‡ǡ Š—” –”ƒϐ‹‡ ƒ’ƒ••ƒ” •‹‰ –‹ŽŽ ‘ˆ‘Dž ”—–•‡††ƒ ƒ˜„”‘––ǡ •ƒ– Š—” –”ƒϐ‹ƒ–‡” ˜ƒDž ”†‡”ƒ” ˆ‘Dž ”•‡‹‰ƒ”‘ Š‘•ƒDž ”ƒ”‡•–‹†‡”Ǥ   ”„‡–‡–‡†ƒ’‡”•Šƒ”—–‰ƒǑ ––ˆ”ƒǑ †‡–ƒ”„‡–‡•‘‰Œ‘”†‡•ˆ‘Dž ”†‡ƒ–‹‘‡ŽŽƒ’Žƒ‡”‹‰‡ƒ˜ –”ƒ•’‘”–‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—–—”ƒǑ –‰ƒDž ”†‡” ˆ‘Dž ” ƒǑ ”‡ ͟͠͞͞ –‹ŽŽ ͟͠͞͠ ȋ•‡ 

(43) ǡ ͧ͠͞͞ƒȌǤ ‡––ƒ Šƒ” ‘†‹ϐ‹‡”ƒ–• ‡† ŠƒDž •› –‹ŽŽ †‡ •ƒDž ”•‹Ž†ƒ ”ƒ˜ †‡––ƒ ’”‘Œ‡– •–ƒDž ŽŽ‡”Ǥ ƒDž ” Šƒ” ƒ˜ƒDž †ƒ”ƒ—ƒŽ‡” ‘ Š •›•–‡†‘—‡–ƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘Dž ” ƒ’‡”•ǡ ƒƒŽ ‘ Š †‡– –‹ŽŽŠ‘Dž ”ƒ†‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡– ‡ •–—†‡”ƒ–• ˆ‘Dž ” ƒ–– ˆƒǑ  ‡ †Œ—’ƒ”‡ ˆ‘Dž ”•–ƒǑ ‡Ž•‡ ƒ˜ †‡ „‡”ƒDž ‹‰ƒ” •‘ ‰‡‘ˆ‘Dž ”• ‹ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡• ‘Ž‹ƒ †‡Žƒ”Ǥ dž ˜‡†‘—‡–•‘”‘Dž ”•ƒ’ƒ†‡–ƒ˜ƒǑ –‰ƒDž ”†•’Žƒ‡”‹‰‡•ƒ’‡”•”‹‰‰‹‰ǡ‘ Š‡”ˆƒ”‡Š‡–‡” ˆ”ƒǑ †‡ƒǡŠƒ”•‘Dž –•—’’Ǥ    ‡–‘†‹ Šƒ” •ƒ’ƒ–• —–‹ˆ”ƒǑ  †‡ ‡”ˆƒ”‡Š‡–‡” •‘ ‡”ŠƒǑ ŽŽ‹–• —†‡” ’”‘Œ‡–‡–• ‰ƒǑ ‰ǡ ‘ Š —–˜‡ Žƒ–• ‡† ŠŒƒDž Ž’ ƒ˜ ˆƒŽŽ•–—†‹‡Ǥ Ž—–Ž‹‰‡ Šƒ” †‡ƒ ‡–‘†‹ ƒ˜ƒDž –• ˆ‘Dž ” ƒ–– –ƒ ˆ”ƒ ˜ƒDž ”†‡‹–‡”˜ƒŽŽ’ƒǑ †‡•ƒŠƒDž ŽŽ•‡‘‘‹•ƒ‘•–ƒ†‡”˜ƒ”Œ‡• ‡ƒ”‹‘‰‡”—’’Š‘˜–‹ŽŽǤ  . υ͘ψ͘. ǀŐƌćŶƐŶŝŶŐĂƌ  . ”‘Œ‡–‡–•ˆ‘—•ƒDž ”—–˜ƒDž ”†‡”‹‰ƒ˜‰‹˜ƒƒ˜„”‘––•• ‡ƒ”‹‡”ǡ˜‹Ž‡–‹‡„ƒDž ”ƒ––‹‰‡ƒƒŽ›•‰‘Dž ”• ƒ˜Š—”•ƒǑ †ƒƒ• ‡ƒ”‹‡”ƒ–ƒ•ˆ”ƒ‡ŽŽ‡”˜ƒ†•ƒ‘Ž‹Š‡–‡ƒDž ”ƒ––†‡‹–”ƒDž ˆˆƒ”Ǥƒ”Œ‡ƒ˜„”‘––•-­‐ • ‡ƒ”‹‘ ‹ ˆƒŽŽ•–—†‹‡ –ƒDž ‡” ‡†ƒ•– ‡ ‡ŽŽ‡” ‡–– ˆƒǑ –ƒŽ ŽƒDž ƒ”Ǥ ‡– ƒDž ” †ƒDž ”ˆ‘Dž ” ‹–‡ •ƒDž ‡”– ƒ–– †‡ ‡–‘†•‘–ƒ•ˆ”ƒƒDž ”†‹”‡–ƒ’’Ž‹ ‡”„ƒ”’ƒǑ ƒ˜„”‘––‡†•–‘Dž ””‡‰‡‘‰”ƒϐ‹•—–•–”ƒDž ‹‰Ǥ   ƒǑ ‰”—†ƒ˜„‡‰”ƒDž •‹‰ƒ”‹„‡”ƒDž ‹‰•˜‡”–›‰‡„‡Šƒ†Žƒ•‹–‡ˆ‘Dž ”ƒDž †”‹‰ƒ”‹‡ˆ–‡”ˆ”ƒǑ ‰ƒˆ‘Dž ” ˜ƒDž ‰„—”‡ ‰‘†•-­‐ ‘ Š ›”‡•–”ƒϐ‹Ǥ ‘†•–”ƒϐ‹ ’ƒǑ  ŒƒDž ”˜ƒDž ‰ ‘†‡ŽŽ‡”ƒ• ‹–‡ †ƒǑ  †‡– ‹–‡ ƒ•‡• ˜ƒ”ƒ ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–ˆ‘Dž ”ˆƒŽŽ•–—†‹‡ǡ‡ˆ–‡”•‘–”ƒϐ‹‡ƒŽ‡†ƒ•‘’ƒǑ ƒ†”ƒ•’ƒǑ ”Ǥ   ‡– ƒDž ” –”‘Ž‹‰– ƒ–– –”ƒϐ‹ƒ˜„”‘–– ‡† ŽƒǑ ‰ ˜ƒ”ƒ–‹‰Š‡– Ž‡†‡” –‹ŽŽ ˆ‘Dž ”ƒDž †”‹‰ƒ” –”ƒϐ‹ƒ–‡”ƒ• „‡–‡‡†‡‘Dž ˜‡”–‹†‡ǡ†ƒǑ †‡ŽƒDž ”•‹‰•›•–‡‡–‘ Šƒ’ƒ••ƒ”•‹ƒ”‡•‘”ƒŽŽ–„ƒDž ––”‡Œ—ŽƒDž ‰”‡ƒ˜„”‘––‡– ˜ƒ”ƒ”Ǥˆ—ŽŽ•–ƒDž †‹‰ƒƒŽ›•ƒ˜•ƒǑ †ƒ–‹†•†›ƒ‹‘Dž ˜‡”ƒ˜•–ƒDž ‰‹‰•’‡”‹‘†‡‰‡‘ˆ‘Dž ”•‹–‡ǡ†ƒǑ  ‘†‡ŽŽ•›•–‡‡–•‘ƒ˜ƒDž †•‹–‡–‹ŽŽƒǑ –‡”†‡––ƒǤ  . υ͘ω͘. ŝƐƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ  . ƒ’’‘”–‡ ‹Ž‡†• ‡† ‡ ‘Dž ˜‡”‰”‹’ƒ†‡ ‹–”‘†—–‹‘ –‹ŽŽ ƒDž ‡– –”ƒϐ‹ƒƒŽ›• ‹ ƒ˜•‹–– ͠ǡ ”ƒϔ‹ƒƒŽ›•‘ Š’”‘‰‘•‡”Ǥ‡†ƒ„‡•”‹˜•†‡’”‘‰”ƒ‘ Š˜‡”–›‰•‘ƒDž ””‡Ž‡˜ƒ–ƒˆ‘Dž ”ƒ”„‡–‡– ‹ ƒ˜•‹–– ͡ǡ ƒŽ›•˜‡”–›‰‡– ƒ’‡”•ǡ ‘ Š ƒ˜•‹–– ͢ǡ ƒŽ›Ž˜‡”–›‰Ǥ ƒŽŽ‡– ‘Dž –ƒ ƒDž Ž˜†ƒŽ‡ ’”‡•‡–‡”ƒ•‹ƒ˜•‹––ͣǡ ƒŽŽ•–—†‹‡ǡ‘ Š†‡‘†‡ŽŽ•‘Šƒ”ƒ˜ƒDž –•„‡•”‹˜•‹ƒ˜•‹––ͤǡƒ–ƒ‘ Š ‘†‡ŽŽ‡”Ǥ

(44)  ƒ˜•‹–– ͥǡ ‡–‘†‹ǡ ’”‡•‡–‡”ƒ• †‡ ‡–‘†‹ •‘ Šƒ” •ƒ’ƒ–• ‘ Š †‡ –‡‘”‡–‹•ƒ ‰”—†‡” †‡ƒ ˜‹Žƒ” ’ƒǑ Ǥ ‡•—Ž–ƒ–‡ ƒ˜ ‡–‘†‹‡• –‹ŽŽƒDž ’‹‰ ’ƒǑ  ˆƒŽŽ•–—†‹‡ ’”‡•‡–‡”ƒ• ‹ ƒ˜•‹––ͦǡ‡•—Ž–ƒ–Ǥƒ’’‘”–‡ƒ˜•Ž—–ƒ•‡†ƒ˜•‹––ͧǡŽ—–•ƒ–•‡”‘ Š†‹•—••‹‘Ǥ  . ͠  .  .

(45) Ž‡†‹‰  .

(46)  . φ͘ dƌĂĮŬĂŶĂůLJƐŽĐŚƉƌŽŐŶŽƐĞƌ   ”ƒϐ‹ƒƒŽ›• Šƒ†Žƒ” ‘ ƒ–– —†‡”•‘Dž ƒ ‘ Š ˜ƒ–‹ϐ‹‡”ƒ –”ƒϐ‹‡• ‡ˆˆ‡–‡” —†‡” ‘–”‘ŽŽ‡”ƒ†‡ ‘•–ƒDž †‹‰Š‡–‡”Ǥˆ–ƒ•–ƒ˜ƒDž †•ƒ–‡ƒ–‹•ƒ‘†‡ŽŽ‡”‡ŽŽ‡”•‹—Ž‡”‹‰•’”‘‰”ƒǤ”ƒϐ‹ƒƒŽ›•‡” •‘‰‡‘ˆ‘Dž ”•ˆ‘Dž ”ƒ––ˆƒǑ ‡‹„Ž‹ ‹–”ƒϐ‹‡•ˆ”ƒ–‹†ƒ—–˜‡ Ž‹‰ƒŽŽƒ•ˆ‘Dž ”–”ƒϔ‹’”‘‰‘•‡”Ǥˆ–ƒ Šƒ†Žƒ” †‡– ‘ ƒ–– ’”‘‰‘•–‹•‡”ƒ Š—” –”ƒϐ‹‡ ’ƒǑ ˜‡”ƒ• ƒ˜ ƒǑ ‰‘ ˆ‘Dž ”‡•Žƒ‰‡ ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—–—”ˆ‘Dž ”ƒDž †”‹‰ǡ‡–”ƒϐ‹’”‘‰‘•‡”ƒ‘ •ƒǑ Ȃ•‘‹†‡––ƒƒ”„‡–‡ Ȃ‰‡‘ˆ‘Dž ”ƒ•ˆ‘Dž ” ƒ––ŒƒDž ˆ‘Dž ”ƒ‘ Š„‡†‘Dž ƒ‘Ž‹ƒŠƒDž †‡Ž•‡• ‡ƒ”‹‡”Ǥ”‘‰‘•‡”„›‰‰‡”„Žƒ†ƒƒ–’ƒǑ ƒ–ƒ‰ƒ†‡ ‘ˆ”ƒ–‹†ƒ•‘ ‹‘‡‘‘‹•—–˜‡ Ž‹‰‘ Š„‡ˆ‘Ž‹‰•—–˜‡ Ž‹‰ǡ‘ Š–ƒ”‘ˆ–ƒƒDž ˜‡ŠƒDž •›–‹ŽŽ Š—” ƒDž ‹•‘” ƒ’ƒ••ƒ” •‹–– ”‡•„‡Š‘˜ ‡ˆ–‡” ”ƒǑ †ƒ†‡ ˆ‘Dž ”ŠƒǑ ŽŽƒ†‡ ‹ –”ƒϐ‹ƒDž –‡–Ǥ

(47)  –”ƒϐ‹ƒƒŽ›• ŒƒDž ˆ‘Dž ”• ‹ ”‡‰‡Ž –ƒDž –ƒ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜ ‡ŽŽ‡” • ‡ƒ”‹‡” ‡† ‡–– Œ¡ˆÚ”‡Ž•‡ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜ ȋ Ȍ ‡† •ƒƒ ˆ‘Dž ”—–•ƒDž ––‹‰ƒ” •‘ †‡ ƒ†”ƒ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ ˆ‘Dž ”—–‘ ƒ–– ˆ‘Dž ”ƒDž †”‹‰‡ •‘ —–”‡†• ‹–‡ ϐ‹• ”‡’”‡•‡–‡”ƒ†Ǥ Ž–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ •‘ ŒƒDž ˆ‘Dž ”• ‡†  ƒŽŽƒ• —–”‡†‹‰•ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜ ȋȌǤ ‹ŽŽƒ†‡ ‹ ‡ˆˆ‡–‡”‡ŽŽƒ‘ Š ƒDž ”›––ƒȋ‡ŽŽ‡”‘›––ƒȌƒ˜—–”‡†‹‰•ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡–Ǥ  

(48) †‡ƒ”ƒ’’‘”–„‡Šƒ†Žƒ•ˆ”ƒDž •–ƒ”‘ƒƒŽ›•ȋ‡ŽŽ‡”ƒ”‘•‹—Ž‡”‹‰Ȍǡ•‘•‹ŽŒ‡”•‹‰ˆ”ƒǑ †‡ ƒ†”ƒ ˜ƒŽ‹‰ƒ •‘”–‡• –”ƒϐ‹ƒƒŽ›•ǡ ‹”‘ƒƒŽ›•ǡ ‹ †‡– ƒ–– ‡•‹Ž†ƒ ˆ‘”†‘ ‹–‡ •‹—Ž‡”ƒ•Ǣ ˆ‘—• Ž‹‰‰‡” ‹•–ƒDž ŽŽ‡– ’ƒǑ  ˆ‘Dž ”ϐŽ›––‹‰ƒ” ‡ŽŽƒ •–ƒ”–-­‐ ‘ Š ƒǑ Ž’—–‡”Ǥ ŽŽƒ –”ƒϐ‹„‡”ƒDž ‹‰ƒ” ‹ ƒ’‡”• •‡”’ƒǑ ƒ”‘‹˜ƒǑ Ǥ   ‹”‘‹˜ƒǑ •‡”’ƒǑ ˜ƒ”Œ‡‡•‹Ž†–”ƒϐ‹ƒ–•”‘Dž ”‡Ž•‡”‘ Š‹‡ŠƒǑ ŽŽ‡”‹’”‹ ‹’ƒŽŽ–‹†ƒǑ ‰‘‰”ƒ†ƒ˜ •–‘ƒ•–‹Ǥ ”ƒϐ‹ƒ–‡”ƒ Šƒ” ‹†‹˜‹†—‡ŽŽƒ „‡–‡‡†‡‘Dž •–‡” ˜ƒ† ‰ƒDž ŽŽ‡” ”‹•–ƒ‰ƒ†‡ǡ ‘Dž •ƒ† Šƒ•–‹‰Š‡–‘ ŠŽ‹ƒ†‡ǡ‘ Š”‡ƒ‰‡”ƒ”’ƒǑ •–‘’’‘ Š•–‘Dž ”‹‰ƒ”‹–”ƒϐ‹ƒDž –‡–Ǥ‡ƒ‹˜ƒǑ ŽƒDž ’ƒ”•‹‰ „ƒDž •–ˆ‘Dž ”ƒƒŽ›•‡”ƒ˜ˆ‘Dž ”ƒDž †”‹‰ƒ”’ƒǑ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜–•ƒDž ˜–ƒ˜‰”ƒDž •ƒ†‡‘”ƒǑ †‡ǡ†ƒǑ  ˜ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜ƒ”‡•—Ž–ƒ– ”ƒDž ˜‡”•–‘”ƒ”„‡–•‹•ƒ–•‹ˆ‘”ƒ˜‘†‡ŽŽ‡”‹‰‘ Š˜ƒŽ‹†‡”‹‰ƒ˜‘†‡ŽŽ‡ǡ‘ Š†‡–†‡••—–‘–ƒ” ŽƒǑ ‰ –‹† ƒ–– •‹—Ž‡”ƒ ‹”‘‘†‡ŽŽ‡” ‹ ˆ‘Dž ”ŠƒǑ ŽŽƒ†‡ –‹ŽŽ •–‘”Ž‡‡ ’ƒǑ  †‡– ‘†‡ŽŽ‡”ƒ†‡ ‘”ƒǑ †‡–Ǥ ‘Dž ”†‡Ž‡ ‡† ‹”‘‹˜ƒǑ  ƒDž ” ƒ–– ˜ƒ”Œ‡ ˆ‘”†‘• ”‡•˜ƒDž ‰ ‘ Š ”‡•–‹† ƒ ˆ‘Dž ŽŒƒ• ‹ †‡–ƒŽŒǡ ˜‹Ž‡– ‘Dž ŒŽ‹‰‰‘Dž ” ‹‰ƒǑ ‡†‡ ƒƒŽ›•‡”Ǥ ‡– ϐ‹• ƒDž ˜‡ ‡ ‡•‘‹˜ƒǑ  ‡† ‡ ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘ ƒ˜ ‹”‘-­‐ ‘ Š ƒ”‘ƒƒŽ›•‡•‡‰‡•ƒ’‡”Ǥ  . φ͘υ͘. DĂŬƌŽĂŶĂůLJƐĞŶƐŐƌƵŶĚĞƌ  . ”ƒϐ‹ƒDž –‡– ‹ ƒ”‘ƒƒŽ›• Šƒ” –”‡ „‡•–ƒǑ †•†‡Žƒ”ǣ Ž¡ƒ”ǡ •‘ ”‡’”‡•‡–‡”ƒ” ˜ƒDž ‰ƒ” ‡ŽŽ‡” ˜ƒDž ‰ƒ˜•‹––Ǣ ‘†‡”ǡ ‘”•‹‰ƒ” ‘ Š ƒ†”ƒ ‘’’Ž‹‰ƒ” ‹ ƒDž –‡–Ǣ •ƒ– ‡–”‘‹†‡”ǡ •–ƒ”–-­‐ ‘ Š ƒǑ Ž’—–‡” ˆ‘Dž ” –”ƒϐ‹‡Ǥ  ŽƒDž  ƒDž ” Ž‹ƒ”–ƒ† ‘Dž ˜‡” Š‡Žƒ •‹ •–”ƒDž ‹‰ ˜ƒ† ‰ƒDž ŽŽ‡” ‡‰‡•ƒ’‡” •ƒǑ  •‘Šƒ•–‹‰Š‡–•‰”ƒDž •‘ Šƒ–ƒŽ‘Dž ”ˆƒDž Ž–ǤƒDž ‰ƒ˜•‹––‡†˜ƒ”‹‡”ƒ†‡‡‰‡•ƒ’‡”†‡Žƒ•†ƒDž ”ˆ‘Dž ”‘ˆ–ƒ —’’‹ϐŽ‡”ƒŽƒDž ƒ”•‘‘’’Žƒ••ƒƒ‡†‘†‡”Ǥ   dž ˜‡”˜ƒ”Œ‡ƒ˜ƒDž †ŽƒDž ‹•›•–‡‡–”‘Dž ”•‹‰‡––ϔŽÚ†‡1ǡƒDž ––‹ˆ‘”†‘’‡”–‹†•‡Š‡–ǡ‡†Š‘‘‰‡ †‡•‹–‡– ‘ Š Šƒ•–‹‰Š‡–Ǥ •–ƒƒ ˆ‘”†‘• ”‘Dž ”‡Ž•‡” „‡•”‹˜• ‹–‡ǡ —–ƒ „‡Šƒ†Žƒ• •‘ ‡ „ƒŽƒ•‡”‹‰•ˆ”ƒǑ ‰ƒǣ ƒŽŽ ”‡•‡ˆ–‡”ˆ”ƒǑ ‰ƒ ƒDž ” —’’ˆ›ŽŽ† ƒDž ” ϐŽ‘Dž †‡– ‹ ƒDž –˜‡”‡– ƒDž ” ‹ „ƒŽƒ• ‡† ƒ–ƒŽ‡–                                                                                                                           1ŽŽ‡”ϐŽ‡”ƒϐŽ‘Dž †‡•‘”‡’”‡•‡–‡”ƒ”‘Ž‹ƒ•‘”–‡”•ˆ‘”†‘ǡ–‹ŽŽ‡š‡’‡Ž‡––ϐŽ‘Dž †‡ˆ‘Dž ”’‡”•‘„‹Žƒ”‘ Š‡––ˆ‘Dž ”. Žƒ•–„‹Žƒ”Ǥ  . ”ƒϐ‹ƒƒŽ›•‘ Š’”‘‰‘•‡”  .  . ͡  .

(49) ”‡•‘” ˆ”ƒǑ  ‘ Š –‹ŽŽ ƒŽŽƒ ‡–”‘‹†‡”ǡ ‘ Š —–ϐŽ‘Dž †‡– ˆ”ƒǑ  ƒŽŽƒ ‘†‡” ƒDž ” ‹ „ƒŽƒ• ‡† ‹ϐŽ‘Dž †‡–Ǥ  ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ˜ŽƒDž ƒ”•‘ƒƒ˜ƒDž †ƒ•ˆ‘Dž ”ƒ––”‡•ƒ‡ŽŽƒ–˜ƒǑ  ‡–”‘‹†‡”ƒŽŽƒ•ˆ‘Dž ”‡”—––Ǥ   ‹Ž‡ Šƒ•–‹‰Š‡– ‡–– ˜‹••– ϐŽ‘Dž †‡ ‘Dž ˜‡” ‡ ˜‹•• ŽƒDž  ‡”ˆƒ” „‡”‘” ’ƒǑ  ŽƒDž ‡• ˜‘Ž—‡-­‐†‡Žƒ› ˆ— –‹‘ ȋ-­‐ˆ—–‹‘ ‡ŽŽ‡” ȌǤ‡ƒ ˆ—–‹‘ „‡•”‹˜‡” ŽƒDž ‡• dzˆ‘Dž ”†”‘Dž Œ‹‰dzǡƒŽŽ–•ƒǑ  †‡ –‹† †‡– –ƒ” ˆ‘Dž ”ϐŽ‘Dž †‡–ƒ––ƒ˜ƒDž †ƒŽƒDž ‡ǡ‰‹˜‡–†‡••dz˜‘Ž›dzǡƒŽŽ–•ƒǑ •–‘”Ž‡‡’ƒǑ ϐŽ‘Dž †‡–‡ŽŽ‡”ƒ–ƒŽ‡–„‹Žƒ”•‘ ƒ˜ƒDž †‡” ŽƒDž ‡Ǥ –– ‡š‡’‡Ž ’ƒǑ  —–•‡‡†‡– Š‘• ‡ –›’‹• -­‐ˆ—–‹‘ ‰‡• ‹ ϐ‹‰—” ͠Ǥ͟Ǥ ƒǑ  ŽƒDž ‰‡ ϐŽ‘Dž †‡– —†‡”•–‹‰‡” ŽƒDž ‡• ƒ’ƒ ‹–‡– ƒDž ” Ž—–‹‰‡ ’ƒǑ  ˆ—–‹‘‡• —”˜ƒ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜– Ž‹–‡ǡ ‡ ‘Dž ˜‡”•–‹‰‡”ϐŽ‘Dž †‡–ƒ’ƒ ‹–‡–‡‘Dž ƒ””‡•–‹†‡•ƒ„„–ˆ‘Dž ”ƒ––‡ˆ–‡”Ž‹ƒˆ‘Dž ”•ƒDž ”ƒ†‡–”ƒϐ‹ˆ‘Dž ”ŠƒǑ ŽŽƒ-­‐ †‡Ǥƒ”‘‘†‡ŽŽ‡”Šƒ”†‡„‡‰”ƒDž •‹‰‡ƒ––†‡‹–‡ƒ•‹—Ž‡”ƒ–”ƒDž ‰•‡Ž‘ Š‘Dž „‹Ž†‹‰ˆ—ŽŽ– —–ǡ ƒŽŽ–•ƒǑ  •‘ ‡–– ˆ‘Dž ”ŠƒǑ ŽŽƒ†‡ †ƒDž ” „ƒ‘˜ƒ”ƒ†‡ ŽƒDž ƒ” ‘ Š ‘”•‹‰ƒ” †”ƒ„„ƒ• ƒ˜ •–‘Dž ”‹‰ƒ” ˆ”ƒǑ  ‘Dž • dz•˜ƒ•dzǤ ‘Dž ”†”‘Dž Œ‹‰‡ ‹•‘Ž‡”ƒ• ‹ •–ƒDž ŽŽ‡– –‹ŽŽ Œ—•– †‡ ŽƒDž ƒ” ˜ƒ”• -­‐ˆ—–‹‘‡” ‰‡” ƒ’ƒ ‹–‡–•„”‹•–Ǥ  .   ‹‰—”ͤǤͣǣ–›’‹•-­‐ˆ—–‹‘Ǥ  . ˆ–‡”ˆ”ƒǑ ‰ƒ ’ƒǑ  ”‡•‘” ‡ŽŽƒ ‡–”‘‹†‡” „‡•”‹˜• ‹ ‡ ‡ˆ–‡”ˆ”ƒǑ ‰‡ƒ–”‹•ǡ ‡ŽŽ‡” ‘”‹‰‹-­‐†‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘ ƒ–”‹š ȋ•˜Ǥ -­‐ƒ–”‹•Ȍǡ •‘ ‹‡ŠƒǑ ŽŽ‡” ƒ–ƒŽ‡– ”‡•‘” ‡ŽŽƒ ‡–”‘‹†‡”ƒ ‹ ƒDž –˜‡”‡–Ǥ ‡ƒ ƒ–”‹• ƒ •ƒ’ƒ• ‰‡‘ ƒ–– –ƒ ŠƒDž •› –‹ŽŽ ˆƒ–‘”‡” •‘ ƒ–ƒŽ‡– „‘‡†‡ǡ ‡†‡Ž‹‘•–ǡ „‹Ž‹‡Šƒ˜ǡ‘ Šƒ–ƒŽ‡–ƒ”„‡–•’Žƒ–•‡”Ǥ––’ƒ”ƒ˜ ‡–”‘‹†‡”ሺ݅ǡ ݆ሻǡ†ƒDž ”݅ƒDž ”‡”‡•ƒ••–ƒ”–’—–‘ Š ݆ƒDž ”†‡••†‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘ǡƒŽŽƒ•ˆ‘Dž ”‡––-­‐’ƒ”Ǥ   ‘Dž ”†‡Ž‹‰ƒ˜ϐŽ‘Dž †‡’ƒǑ ŽƒDž ƒ”•‡”‰‡‘¡–—–Ž¡‰‰‹‰ǡ•‘ƒ‰‘Dž ”ƒ•‡ˆ–‡”‘Ž‹ƒ”‹–‡”‹‡”‘ Š ‡†‘Ž‹ƒƒŽ‰‘”‹–‡”Ǥ

(50) †‡––ƒƒ˜•‹––‘‡”ƒŽ‰‘”‹–‡”ƒˆ‘Dž ”ƒDž –—–ŽƒDž ‰‰‹‰ƒ––„‡•”‹˜ƒ••‘ „‡”‘‡†‡ ‡‘ ƒ˜ ”—––‡”• ”‡•–‹†ǡ ˜‹Ž‡– ƒDž ” ‡ ˆ‘Dž ”‡Ž‹‰Ǥ ‡– ƒDž ” ˜ƒŽ‹‰– ƒ–– ϐŽ‡” ”‹–‡”‹‡” ƒDž  ”‡•–‹†‡ –ƒ• ‡† ‹ —–ŽƒDž ‰‰‹‰‡ ˆ‘Dž ” ƒ–– •’‡‰Žƒ Š—” ˆ‘Dž ”ƒ”‡ ‹ ˜‡”Ž‹‰Š‡–‡ ˜ƒDž ŽŒ‡” •‹ƒ ”—––‡”Ǥ –– ˜ƒŽ‹‰–‘Dž ˜”‹‰–”‹–‡”‹—ƒDž ”‡š‡’‡Ž˜‹•ƒ˜•–ƒǑ †Ǥ‡••ƒ˜ƒDž ‰•‹”‡‰‡Ž•ƒƒ‡†”‡•–‹†‡–‹ŽŽ‡–– ‡†ƒƒǑ ––ǡ†‡‰‡‡”ƒŽ‹•‡”ƒ†‡‘•–ƒ†‡ˆ‘Dž ”ƒ––˜ƒDž ŽŒƒŽƒDž ‡Ǥ   ˜ƒŽ‹‰ƒDž –—–ŽƒDž ‰‰‹‰•‡–‘†‰ƒǑ ”—–’ƒǑ ƒ–––”ƒϐ‹•›•–‡‡–—’’ƒǑ ”‡ŒƒDž ˜‹–†ƒDž ”˜ƒ”Œ‡”—––•‘ ƒ˜ƒDž †•‡ŽŽƒ‡––-­‐’ƒ”Šƒ”•ƒƒ”‡•–‹†•‘˜ƒ”Œ‡ƒƒƒ˜ƒDž †”—––ǡ‘ Š‘”–ƒ”‡”‡•–‹†ƒDž  †‡”—––‡”•‘‹–‡ƒ˜ƒDž †•Ǥ‡•–‹†‡‡ŽŽƒ’—–‡”ƒ„Ž‹”ƒŽŽ–•ƒǑ †‡•ƒƒ‘ƒ˜•‡––˜‹Ž‡”—–– •‘ ˜ƒDž ŽŒ•ǡ ‘ Š ‹‰‡ ‡•‹Ž† –”ƒϐ‹ƒ– ƒ ˆ‘Dž ”„ƒDž ––”ƒ •‹ ”‡•–‹† ‰‡‘ ƒ–– ƒDž †”ƒ ”—––˜ƒŽǤ ‡––ƒ ƒŽŽƒ•—•‡”‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—ȋȌǡƒ˜ƒDž †ƒ”ŒƒDž ˜‹–Ǥ   ͢  .  . ”ƒϐ‹ƒƒŽ›•‘ Š’”‘‰‘•‡”  .

(51)   ƒDž –—–ŽƒDž ‰‰‹‰ ƒ ƒDž ˜‡ •‡ ‡† ŠŒƒDž Ž’ ƒ˜ •–‘ƒ•–‹• ƒ˜¡†ƒ”Œ¡˜‹–Ǥ ƒǑ  –ƒ• ŠƒDž •› –‹ŽŽ ƒ–– –”ƒϐ‹ƒ–‡”‹–‡Šƒ”’‡”ˆ‡–‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‘˜‹Žƒ”‡•–‹†‡”•‘ƒ—’’ƒǑ •‰‡‘ƒ––„›–ƒ”—––ǡ ‘ Š†ƒDž ”ˆ‘Dž ”‹–‡ƒŽŽ–‹†˜ƒDž ŽŒ‡”†‡”—––•‘‰‡”†‡ŽƒDž ‰•–ƒ”‡•–‹†‡ǤƒDž –—–ŽƒDž ‰‰‹‰‡‰ƒǑ ”‹•–ƒDž ŽŽ‡–—– ’ƒǑ ƒ––†‡–ϐ‹•‡––•ƒ„ƒ†‡ŽŽƒ‡”—––•”‡•–‹†ȂŒƒDž ˆ‘Dž ”–‡††‡ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜ƒ”—––‡”ƒ‡ŽŽƒ •ƒƒ -­‐’ƒ” Ȃ ‘ Š •ƒ‘Ž‹Š‡–‡ ƒ–– †‡ƒ ”—–– ˜ƒDž ŽŒ• ȋŒˆ „‡•”‹˜‹‰‡ ƒ˜ Ž‘‰‹–‘†‡ŽŽ‡ ‹ ƒ˜•‹––͠Ǥ͡ȌǤ   ƒǑ †ƒ†‡‘˜ƒ•–ƒǑ ‡†‡‡–‘†‡”ƒ„›‰‰‡”’ƒǑ ƒ––ƒ˜ƒDž †ƒ”‡•‘Dž ‡”‹‹‡”ƒ•‹‡‰‡”‡•–‹†—–ƒ ŠƒDž •› –‹ŽŽ ‡ˆˆ‡–‡”ƒ ’ƒǑ  ”‡•–‡ ƒ˜ ˜ƒDž ‰ƒDž –‡–Ǥ  ƒDž –—–ŽƒDž ‰‰‹‰ †ƒDž ” ˜ƒ”Œ‡ –”ƒϐ‹ƒ–• ”‡•˜ƒDž ‰ Šƒ” ˜ƒŽ–••ƒǑ ƒ––Š‡Žƒ–”ƒϐ‹ƒDž –‡–•–‘–ƒŽƒ”‡•–‹†‹‹‡”ƒ•ƒŽŽƒ••›•–‡‘’–‹ƒŽǤ  . φ͘φ͘. &LJƌƐƚĞŐƐŵŽĚĞůůĞŶ  . ƒǑ ‰‘–•‘ƒDž ”‘’’Žƒ––‹ŽŽƒ–ƒ‰ƒ†‡–‘ƒ––•›•–‡‡–—’’ƒǑ ”‡ŒƒDž ˜‹–ǡƒŽŽ–•ƒǑ ƒ–––”ƒϐ‹ƒ–‡”ƒ Šƒ” Šƒˆ– –‹† ƒ–– —–ˆ‘”•ƒ ‘ Š ŽƒDž ”ƒ •‹‰ •›•–‡‡–ǡ ƒDž ” ƒ–– ƒ”‘ƒƒŽ›•‡” ‹ ”‡‰‡Ž •‡” ‡† ”‡Žƒ–‹˜– ŽƒǑ ‰ƒ–‹†•Š‘”‹•‘–‡”ǤƒŽ›•‡”ƒ„‡Šƒ†Žƒ”‘ˆ–ƒ’‡”‹‘†‡”’ƒǑ ƒǑ ƒ†‡”‡ŽŽ‡”ƒǑ ”•ƒ”ƒ”‡ƒDž †ƒ‰ƒ” ‡ŽŽ‡” ˜‡ ‘”Ǥ ‘Dž ”—–‘ ƒ–– –”ƒϐ‹ƒ–‡” ƒ’ƒ••ƒ” •‹ƒ ”—––˜ƒŽ ‡ˆ–‡” –”ƒϐ‹•›•–‡‡–• ˆ‘Dž ”ŠƒǑ ŽŽƒ†‡ǡ ƒ †‡– †ƒǑ  ‘ •ƒǑ  ƒ–ƒ• ƒ–– †‡ ƒ’ƒ••ƒ” ˜ƒŽ ƒ˜ ˆƒDž ”†•ƒDž ––ǡ ˜ƒŽ ƒ˜ †‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‘ Š ˜ƒŽ‡– ƒ–– ‘Dž ˜‡” Š—˜—† –ƒ‰‡– ”‡•ƒǤ ”ƒϐ‹‡ˆ–‡”ˆ”ƒǑ ‰ƒ ƒ –‹ŽŽ‘ƒ ‡ŽŽ‡” ˆ‘Dž ”•˜‹ƒ ‹ ‡ ’”‘ ‡•• •‘ Ž‹ƒ” †‡ ˆ‘Dž ”‡–ƒ‰•‡‘‘‹•ƒ‹†‡ƴ ‘‡’”‘†—–•—–„—†‘ Š‡ˆ–‡”ˆ”ƒǑ ‰ƒǤ‡ˆ‘Dž ”ŠƒǑ ŽŽƒ†‡•‘”ƒǑ †‡”’ƒǑ  –”ƒϐ‹ƒDž –‡– Ȃ ‹ ˆ‘” ƒ˜ ‡š‡’‡Ž˜‹• ”‡•–‹†‡” ‘ Š ƒ˜•–ƒǑ † ‡ŽŽƒ ‘Ž‹ƒ ’—–‡” Ȃ ƒŽŽƒ• ‘ •ƒǑ  ‹ –”ƒϐ‹ƒƒŽ›•‘ˆ–ƒˆ‘Dž ”ƒDž –‡–•—–„—†Ǥ   ƒDž •›ƒ–ƒ•–‹ŽŽ‘’’Ž‹‰‡‡ŽŽƒ—–„—†‘ Š‡ˆ–‡”ˆ”ƒǑ ‰ƒ‰‡‘‡’”‘‰‘•—’’„›‰‰†‹ϐŽ‡”ƒ •–‡‰ǡ•‘› ‡–‰”‘˜–ƒ•ƒDž ‰ƒ•‘–•˜ƒ”ƒ†‡„‡•Ž—–•’”‘ ‡••‡”‡•‡ƒDž ”‰‡‘‰ƒǑ ”ǤƒŽ‹‰–ƒDž ” †‡•ƒǑ ƒŽŽƒ†‡ˆ›”•–‡‰•‘†‡ŽŽ‡ȋ•‡ϐ‹‰—”͠Ǥ͠Ȍ†ƒDž ”†‡–ˆ‘Dž ”•–ƒ˜ƒŽ‡–•–ƒǑ ”‡ŽŽƒƒ––’ƒǑ „‘Dž ”Œƒ‡”‡•ƒ ‡ŽŽ‡” ‡Œ ‰‹˜‡– –”ƒϐ‹ƒDž –‡–• ‰ƒDž ŽŽƒ†‡ ˆ‘Dž ”ŠƒǑ ŽŽƒ†‡Ǥ ƒDž ŽŒ‡” ”‡•‡ƒDž ”‡ ƒ–– ‰‘Dž ”ƒ ‡ ”‡•ƒ ‰ƒǑ ” †‡‡ ˜‹†ƒ”‡–‹ŽŽ†‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘•˜ƒŽǡˆ‘Dž ”ƒ––•‡†ƒ˜ƒDž ŽŒƒˆƒDž ”†•ƒDž ––‘ Š•Ž—–Ž‹‰‡˜‹Ž‡”—––•‘•ƒƒ˜ƒDž †ƒ•Ǥ   ˆ–‡”•‘–”ƒϐ‹ƒDž –‡–•ˆ‘Dž ”ŠƒǑ ŽŽƒ†‡‡ˆ–‡”ƒDž –—–ŽƒDž ‰‰‹‰••–‡‰‡–•‹ŽŒ‡”•‹‰ˆ”ƒǑ †‡•‘‰ƒDž ŽŽ†‡ƒDž ” „‡•Ž—–‡ ‹ ˆ‘Dž ”‡‰ƒǑ ‡†‡ •–‡‰ ˆƒ––ƒ†‡•ǡ ƒ ‡ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹˜ ’”‘ ‡•• ƒ˜ƒDž †ƒ• †ƒDž ” ”‡•—Ž–ƒ–‡ ˆ”ƒǑ  †‡– •‹•–ƒ •–‡‰‡– ƒǑ –‡”ˆ‘Dž ”• –‹ŽŽ †‡– ˆ‘Dž ”•–ƒ ‘ Š ”‡•—Ž–‡”ƒ” ‹ ‡ › ”‡•ƒ†‡’”‘‰‘•Ǥ ˆ–‡” ‡–– ƒ–ƒŽ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘‡”—’’ƒǑ •ˆ‘Dž ”Š‘’’‹‰•˜‹•‡ŒƒDž ˜‹–‡ŽŽƒ”‡•‡ˆ–‡”ˆ”ƒǑ ‰ƒ‘ Š–‹ŽŽ‰ƒDž ‰Ž‹‰ƒ’ƒ ‹–‡–Ǥ — ϐŽ‡”‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘‡”•‘ƒ˜ƒDž †•ǡ†‡•–‘‡””ƒDž ––˜‹•ƒ†‡„Ž‹””‡•’”‘‰‘•‡ǡ‡‡ˆ–‡”•‘˜ƒ”Œ‡‡š–”ƒ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘–ƒ”–‹†ƒǑ •–‡‡ƒ˜˜ƒDž ‰‹‰‰‘Dž ”ƒ•‡ŽŽƒ‘‰‰”ƒŠ‡–‘ Š–‹†•ƒǑ –‰ƒǑ ‰Ǥ–––”ƒϐ‹ƒDž –‡† › ‡––”ƒDž ‰•‡Ž”ƒDž ˜‡”‹”‡‰‡ŽϐŽ‡”‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘‡”ƒDž ‡––‡†‹†”‡–”ƒDž ‰•‡Žȋ

(52) ǡͧ͠͞͞ƒȌǤ  . ”ƒϐ‹ƒƒŽ›•‘ Š’”‘‰‘•‡”  .  . ͣ  .

(53)   ‹‰—”ͤǤͤǣ‡•˜ƒŽ‹ˆ›”•–‡‰•‘†‡ŽŽ‡Ǥ¡ŽŽƒǣȋͥ͠͞͞Ȍ  . ‡ –˜ƒǑ  ˆ‘Dž ”•–ƒ •–‡‰‡ ‹ ˆ›”•–‡‰•‘†‡ŽŽ‡ǡ ”‡•‰‡‡”‡”‹‰ ‘ Š †‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘•˜ƒŽǡ ‘–•˜ƒ”ƒ” ƒ–– —”•’”—‰•-­‐ ”‡•’‡–‹˜‡ †‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘•ˆƒDž Ž– ‹ ‡ -­‐ƒ–”‹• •ƒ’ƒ•Ǥ

References

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