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Sammanfattning

Bakgrund: Hörselnedsättning i barndomen kan ha många orsaker, såsom syndrom, kraniofa- cial missbildning och kongenital CMV-infektion. Alla nyfödda barn i Sverige hörselscreenas för att tidigt upptäcka eventuell hörselnedsättning och därmed kunna sätta in lämpliga habili- teringsåtgärder, vilket är essentiellt bland annat för barnets språkutveckling. Ungefär hälften av alla barn med medfödd eller tidigt debuterande hörselnedsättning har minst en riskindika- tor som anvisar behov av uppföljning av hörseln.

Syfte: Utföra en kartläggning av barn inskrivna i hörselhabiliteringen i Stockholms läns landsting, med fokus på orsaksdiagnoser samt riskindikatorer för medfödd eller tidigt debute- rande hörselnedsättning.

Metod: Retrospektiv journalstudie där studiepopulationen bestod av 297 barn (149 flickor och 148 pojkar) födda 2009-01-01 till 2013-12-31.

Resultat: 187 barn (63,0 %) hade minst en riskindikator, varav de två vanligaste var familje- historik samt neonatala indikatorer. 130 barn (43,8 %) hade en fastställd orsaksdiagnos, varav de vanligaste var syndrom associerade med hörselnedsättning, kraniofacial missbildning, he- reditet, kongenital CMV-infektion samt Connexin 26-mutation.

Slutsats: Andelen barn med minst en riskindikator var i denna studie något högre än vad tidi- gare studier kommit fram till och en stark koppling mellan riskindikatorer och fastställande av orsaksdiagnos kunde ses. Positivt var att en ökning av provtagning för CMV-infektion och Connexin 26 har skett sedan 2009, samt en ökning av fastställda orsaksdiagnoser.

Nyckelord: hörselscreening, CMV, Connexin 26, prematur, hörhjälpmedel

Abstract

Background: Childhood hearing loss can have several different causes, such as syndromes, craniofacial malformations and congenital CMV infection. Hearing screening is performed on all newborns in Sweden to enable early detection and intervention of hearing loss, which is essential for language development. About 50 % of all children with congenital or early-onset hearing loss have at least one risk indicator which suggests the need for follow-up.

Aim: Perform a survey of children enrolled in the auditory habilitation of Stockholm County Council, focusing on etiology and risk indicators for congenital or early-onset hearing loss.

Methods: A retrospective medical record study with a study population consisting of 297 children (149 females and 148 males) born between 2009-01-01 and 2013-12-31.

Results: 187 children (63,0 %) had at least one risk indicator, of which the two most common were family history and neonatal indicators. 130 children (43,8 %) had an established causal diagnosis, of which the most common were syndromes associated with hearing loss, craniofa- cial malformation, heredity, congenital CMV infection and mutation of the GJB2 gene.

Conclusions: The proportion of children with at least one risk indicator was in this study slightly higher in comparison with previous studies and a strong connection between risk in- dicators and the establishing of causal diagnosis could be seen. An increase in testing for CMV infection and mutation of the GJB2 gene and in establishing causal diagnosis has been done since 2009.

Key words: screening, CMV, GJB2, premature, hearing aids

References

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