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Advective Sediment Modelling with Lagrangian Trajectories in the Baltic Sea

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(1)UPTEC W05 015. Examensarbete 20 p 15 February 2005. Advective Sediment Modelling with Lagrangian Trajectories in the Baltic Sea Hanna Kling.

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(166) º ¼ ¸ ZZ Ò Ór» sgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvs × Ô6s & Ô6s  97 & sWÔ. -. 6 . q ¸ ¼ Ò

(167) ¸ Ӄ€E€ Ò º Ó EƒÓp¼†À ¸ qŠq ¸ ӊq Ò º Ó sgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvs Ô6s & sWÔ q ¸ ¼ Ò

(168) ¸ Óp€E€ Ò º Ó

(169) º ¼ ¸ ZZ Ò Ór» sgsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvs E Ò

(170) º €$ ¸ ¼ ¸ »rÀ ¸/¸ /À º  ¸  € svsgsŠsgsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvs "!$#µ %   º  ¸ EƒÓ

(171) º ¼ ¸ ZZ Ò Ór» svsgsŠsgsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvs & sWÔ6sWÔ »rZ º obEƒZ  Ò À  ƒZ1E€ Ò º Ó

(172) º ¼ ¸ Zq sgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvs & sWÔ6s & » (º ' ¸ ÀpÓ Ò ÓŠ» ¸*) pE€ Ò º ӊq Ò Ó º  ¸ EƒÓ

(173) º ¼ ¸ ZZ Ò Ór»GsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvs & sWÔ6s  € ¸ obEpZ € Ò  q ¸ E EƒÓp¼†€$ ¸ À ‰º

(174) º ¼ ¸ Z sgsgsŠsgsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvs & s & q ¸ ¼ Ò

(175) ¸ Ӄ€E€ Ò º Ó EƒÓp¼†À ¸ qŠq ¸ ӊq Ò º Ó sgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvs & s & sWÔ q ¸ €‚€‰Z Ò Ór» ' ¸ Z º  Ò ,€  sgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvs & s & s & À ¸ q rq ¸ ӊq Ò º Ó sgsŠsgsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvs & s & s  8E ' ¸ qÁsgsŠsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvs "/.Š"2 0 % sWÔ €$ ¸ 8E€ ¸ À €‚ÀpE  ¸  € º À 

(176) º ¼ ¸ Z sŠsgsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvs s &

(177) º ¼ ¸ ZZ Ò Ór»q ¸ ¼ Ò

(178) ¸ Óp€E€ Ò º Ó sŠsvsgsŠsgsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvs s 

(179) º ¼ ¸ ZZ Ò Ór»†À ¸ q rq ¸ ӊq Ò º Ó sgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvs s sWÔ EOÀ (º 4 Ò

(180) ŒE€ Ò º Ó º  € ¸ º Àpo Ò €EpZ ' ¸ Z º  Ò ,€  svsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvs s s & Ò

(181) OZ ¸

(182) ¸ Ӄ€E€ Ò º Ó sgsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvs s s  EOÀ (º 4 Ò

(183) ŒE€ Ò º ӊq º  hEƒÀ‰E

(184) ¸ € ¸ ÀrqzsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvs s s Õ ¸ 4  ¸ À Ò

(185) ¸ Ӄ€pq%svsgsŠsgsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvs µ .=  -h2z ÕKsWÔ Z º ӊ» q Ò

(186) ƒZ1E€ Ò º ӊq svsgsŠsgsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvs ÕKs & q ¸ ӊq Ò € Ò ' Ò (€  EpӃEƒ8Z vq Ò q sŠsgsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvs   "     9%   -      ×sWÔ €$ ¸

(187) ŒE Ò Ó%À ¸ qƒZ€ƒqysŠsvsgsŠsgsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvs ×s & €$ ¸ q ¸ ӊq Ò € Ò ' Ò ,€  EƒÓpEƒ;Z gq Ò q sgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvs ×s  Eƒo º ƒ€Ž€ ¸ q ¸ ¼ Ò

(188) ¸ Ӄ€E€ Ò º Ó

(189) º ¼ ¸ Z sgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvs ×s Õ ‰º Ó  Z Šq Ò º Órq sŠsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsgsŠsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvsgsŠsgsgsŠsgsvs. . × Ù. &. Ù Ø Ø. Ø Ô Ô Ô Ô ÔdÕ ÔM×. +.

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References

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