Birdland: Ornithological station and Visitor Centre at Lista

  



Astrid Cronwall

Handledare/ Leif Brodersen Prodekan/

Supervisor Vice dean Examinator/ Anders Johansson Prodekan/

Examiner Vice dean

Examensarbete inom arkitektur, avancerad nivå 30 hp Degree Project in Architecture, Second Level 30 credits

5 june 2014



Birdland –

Birdland –



Novaja Zemlja nesting place Barnacle Goose [Branta leucopsis]

Svalbard nesting place Barnacle Goose [Branta leucopsis]

Greenland nesting place Barnacle Goose [Branta leucopsis]

LISTA Island nesting place

European Golden Plover [Pluvialis apricaria]

France winter quaters Barnacle Goose [Branta leucopsis]

Portugal winter quaters European Golden Plover [Pluvialis apricaria]

North Africa winter quaters Song Trush [Turdus philomelos]

West Africa winter quaters Barn Swallow [Hirundo Rustica]

South Africa winter quaters Common Tern [Sterna hirundo]

India winter quaters Common Rosefinch [Carpodacus erythrinus]

Flyways for the birds at Lista

LISTA LIGHTHOUSE

Hanstholm Lighthouse

Borkum Lighthouse Boddam Lighthouse

Closest Lighthouses around The North Sea

Lista Lighthouse Ge ographic Ra

nge of Visibility: 21 N autical Miles

Geographic Range of Visibility

LISTA

Farsund

At the end of the road For thousands of years the migratory birds has travelled across the

earth in the same directions and returns to the same places generation through generation. They navigate by the magnetic field of the earth, star constellations, polarized light and through a visual memory of the geological landmarks like the coastlines. After they have made their journey across open sea they need place for resting. Thousands of birds gathers on places rich on food and alimentation. Lista is the first outpost after the long distance over the North Sea. The cultural landscape with its pens, grazing land and farmland makes, together with the shingle beaches and wetlands an ideal place for the migratory birds. Many species of birds finds in Lista good areas for both shelter, rest and food. The area around Lista is the most avian richest areas in Norway. More than 300 species are registered here. Hundreds of thousands migratory birds passes Lista each spring and autumn.

Lista Bird Observatory has been in operation since 1989. The Bird Observatory’s premier task is to identify the existence and development of bird populations and to collect quantitative data on bird migration over time and it is strategically located at the flyways for several migration birds. Later local as well as state efforts on the birdlife at Lista shows a growing interest and understanding of the importance of conservation and registration of migratory birds. Despite this the lack of space and appropriate locations makes it difficult to manage the daily operations at the Bird Observatory. It is situated in a small cottage in Lista Lighthouse village with only a few rooms to serve both accommodation and living spaces as well as office, ringing laboratory and storage. This makes it impossible to generate research on site and to apprehend the capacity of the site when it comes to the numbers and the diversity of birds.

This project answers to the need of appropriate locations for the Bird Observatory. It creates conditions for a national and an international research and a platform for the Norwegian Ornithological Society. It also gives spaces for environmental education and information where the architecture emphasizes the landscape as well as the bird- and wildlife. Local residents and occasional visitors are given room for recreation and meeting places and the project connects to a Norwegian culture of experience tourism. It underlines the Bird Observatory’s significance and creates a local and regional center for birdwatching.

The architecture creates a focus and an awareness of the surrounding landscape and alludes to a tradition of vistas but in the same time it offers the visitors to enter and explore the nature.

Just were the Skagerrak waters has turned into the North Sea you sense the small thin line of land between the sea and the mountains. The land of Lista is one of the southern endpoints in Norway. The area covers ground bays along the coast, sand dunes, swamps and mires, shallow nutritive lakes as well as pieces of woodland and hills hibernating on thousand-year-old moraine. It is an extraordinary and multiplex landscape with an international standard in a nature preservation context. It consist of ten separate nature reserves. Since the stone- and bronze age people have cultivated the soil of Lista and the area is characterized by many archeologists as one of the first inhabited places in Norway. The German activity in Lista during the Second World War have made clear marks in the landscape and there are about 400 bunkers in the area. During the years between 1940 and 1945 there were large prison-camps for Sovietic military prisoners on Lista. Since 1996 the ten nature reserves are ramsar protected areas which means that they are associated to the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance.

The landscape by Lista Lighthouse reaches out as an outpost in the sea. Around the peninsula there is no archipelago that takes on the forces of the sea. In the ground offing the ocean currents are strong and it is barely possible for navigators to find a port of refuge. The Lighthouse is a characteristic landmark in the rich and flat cultural landscape. Here in the Lighthouse village six new buildings for the Bird station are situated. The directions and placements of the new houses takes its starting point in the cultural heritage that composes the Lighthouse village. The view from the top of the village is considered to contain certain values and the houses are therefore located in the slope below the village, between the two stone walls.

With their long and low outlines the houses subordinates the vertical dominance of the Lighthouse but accentuates and becomes accentuated by the wide, flat landscape. The first building, the Ornithological station, is located at the same site as a former house and follows the same axis as the existing houses on the top of the hill. The three others follows the slope and are gradually slanting towards southwest. They seeks their way out in the sea in the direction for the best view of arriving seabirds. In different amount they are all fortified in the slope. Each of the houses has its unique relation towards the ground, the stonewalls and the rocks not to block the animals path between the two grazing lands on both sides of the Lighthouse village. On top of the largest rock on the beach the Exhibition house in laying. It reaches out like a pier towards the sea as a horizontal balance towards the Lighthouse.

All of the houses are in exposed in situ cast concrete with different amount of insulation, an adaption to a flexible program were the functions follows the changes of seasons and different demands of heating. Some of the houses are rather considered to be windbreaks and allows an active stay while others offers warmth and rest. The concrete connects to the bunkers in the area and degrades by time by wind and water. It will slowly become a part of the beach and the landscape. The material upbrings the construction with the load-bearing walls that ejects towards the sea and the material gives the construction the stability that is required to make correct observations in the binoculars. Interior walls and furniture is made of osb-board as a contrast in sense and warmth. On the rails along the exterior ramps alphamesh is hanged and brings the thoughts to the bird nets in the area.

The Warming house and the Birdwatching tower points towards Fuglesjøen (the Bird lake) where waders and weathers breeds and rests in the bleat water. The view, with the surrounding grazing lands creates a peaceful contrast to the sea and the wind on the other side. On the existing stonewalls across Fuglesjøen a boardwalk is build all the way to Gulebua. The old yellow cottage, with its instant contact with the sea, creates a complement to the buildings of the new Ornithological station. Close to net places two of the existing buildings in the Lighthouse village are restored to become accommodation for the ornithologists.

Seven people can stay at the former Bird station house, the little cottage in the end of the village. The other house contains kitchen, living room and guest rooms for visiting scientists and birdwatchers.

Birdland Ornithological station and Visitor Centre at Lista

Astrid Cronwall

Studio 6 Leif Brodersen and Teres Selberg

Special thanks to: Margrethe Wold, Albert Burgas Riera and Jesper Renck

1 Lighthouse

2 Lighthouse machine house 3 Ornithological station 4 Information and bookshop 5 Windbreak

6 Exhibition house

7 Temporary screening in bunker (summer season) 8 Bunker

9 Warming house 10 Birdwatching tower 11 Gulebua 12 Art gallery

13 Staff accommodation for the ornithological station 14 Staff accommodation for the ornithological station 15 Holiday accommodation

16 Workshop and storage for the ornithological station 17 Storage

18 Weather station 19 Old Lighthouse fundament 20 Old Lighthouse fundament 21 Netplaces

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Observation of birds

Since the beginning of history birds have fascinated the human being. In a Stone Age hut in Israel bones of over 80 species have been found and remains from waterbirds and seabirds have been found in shell moundson in the island of Oronsay off the coast of Scotland. Hunting of wild birds as well as their domestication would have required considerable knowledge of their habits. Poultry farming and falconry were practiced from early times in many parts of the world. Artificial incubation of poultry was practiced in China around 246 BC and around at least 400 BC in Egypt. The Egyptians also made use of birds in their hieroglyphic scripts, many of which, though stylized, are still identifiable to species. Like writing, the early art of China, Japan, Persia and India also demonstrate knowledge, with examples of scientifically accurate bird illustrations. In ancient Rome omens and foreshadowing’s were interpreted by persons who observed the flight of birds. The person where called auspex. The signs were said to be the will of the Gods and all formal decisions or public acts required a positive auspicium. Although the auspice or augur, in English, were not decision making they had the power to interpret the signs. Observing the birds as an omen reading has not only been practiced in the ancient Rome. According to different ancient sources both the Etruscans, the Greeks and the Egyptians used the skills of the augurs in divining bird signs.

The Greek philosopher Aristotle compiled the first known scientific list of birds, containing 170 species and Leonardo da Vinci studied their ability to fly. Hundred of scientists have tried to unfold the secrets of the birds. In the seventeen-century the English ornithologists Francis Willughby and John Ray came up with the first major system of bird classification that was based on function and morphology rather than on form or behavior. Willughby’s Ornithologiae libri tres completed by John Ray is sometimes considered to mark the beginning of scientific ornithology. Many of the first ornithologists during the eighteen-century were also hunters with small caliber rifles, wires and nets. They registered their observations and draw sketches of the birds to find out how the hunting could be simplified and which bird was good to eat. At this time a new kind of popular zoological guidebook were being published in Europe. Books that were easy to bring on the hunting . These books became enormously popular not only for hunters but for all nature romantics.

This vernacular movement within ornithology that later has been called birdwatching was pursued by a new type of nature scientist who questioned the Latin bird catalogues and rather wanted to observe nature in nature.

Bird ringing

Ringing, or banding, is an important tool in studying migratory birds. Using ringing, information related to various bird species migration routes, resting and wintering areas, and migration rates. Moreover ringing is an irreplaceable research method in many of ornithology compartments. Knowledge derived from the ringing promotes the protection and conservation of birds. Many ornithological matters of basic research regarding population ecology, evolutionary research or ethology is solved by ringing. Also applied research uses ringing materials.

The method of ringing birds with aluminum rings began in Denmark in the late 1800s. The reason was to find out where the birds are migrating , how old they are and if they come back to the same places from year to year. For most European bird species there are now answers to the initial questions, but there are still many ambiguities. New questions has arisen and today the birds’ strategies and ability to storage fat, moulting and orientate are studied through ringing. Birds are either ringed at the nest, or after being captured in fine mist nets, baited traps, Heligoland traps, drag nets, cannon nets, or by other methods.

Raptors may be caught by many methods, including bal-chatri traps.

From the first deployment of the mist nets, about a half hour before sunrise, to the close of the banding day, nets are checked every 30 to 40 minutes as conditions allow. The nets themselves are designed for the safe capture of birds, large and small, and each bird is placed in a small drawstring bag for its trip to the banding station. Once in the lab, birds are identified to species, ringed (or reprocessed if they had been banded previously), and information about their age, sex, wing length, fat deposits, and body mass is recorded. The ring itself is a small information bracelet. It causes no physical harm to the bird, nor does it impair flight, feeding, or any bird behavior. It is specifically adapted to the thickness of the bone. Songbird’s rings are made of aluminum while species dwelling in water, such as wading birds and ducks, are fitted with rings of steel, which better resists wear. Each ring has its own number, which becomes the bird’s ID number , and the address where you should send the found ring. While ringing, weighing, and examining the birds may add a little stress to their day, no injuries are caused. Many are migrating birds that will have traveled thousands of miles, faced enormous challenges, and have thousands of miles yet to go. The vast majority are actually quite calm during their short visit at the banding station. The whole process of collecting data for each captured bird takes less than a minute, after which the bird is promptly released to freedom.

During the nineteenth-century many zoological expeditions around the world was undertaken. The English naturalist Charles Darwin was one of those who collected significant information about birdlife during his expeditions. Early ornithologists were preoccupied with matters of species identification. Only systematic counted as true science and field studies were considered inferior through much of the nineteenth-century.

In 1901 Robert Ridgway wrote in the introduction to The Birds of North and Middle America that:

There are two essentially different kinds of ornithology: systematic or scientific, and popular. The former deals with the structure and classification of birds, their synonymies and technical descriptions. The latter treats of their habits, songs, nesting, and other facts pertaining to their life histories.

In the beginning of twentieth-century the Wright brothers, two American inventors studied the flight of the birds before they invented the first flying machine. In 1903 they made their first controlled, powered and sustained flight. Today ornithology has once again become a popular movement, that not only engage scientists but also average people. The numbers of members in different birdwatching clubs are increasing, not the least among woman. Ornithology has become a social phenomena and an important part of eco- and experience tourism. In many countries birdwatching guiding specified on watching of unique species are big business. Also the attitude towards science and birdwatching has changed. The international collaborations are dependent on local voluntary contributions. Bird watchers cooperates with ornithologists, farmers as well as scientists to attain the most successful bird conservation. Much of the practical field work on ornithology stations are made by voluntary seasonal workers, many students from different natural scientific programs. Statistics and observations from the field work are being used within many types of research. Advances in ornithology have progressed with many other scientific disciplines including ecology, anatomy, physiology, paleontology, evolutionary biology, and more recently molecular biology.

Bird conservation and birdwatching in numbers

Scandinavia

o The Swedish ornithological association, BirdLife Sweden, has 11,000 members but according to numbers from Sveriges Radio (Swedish radio broadcasting) about 200,000 Swedes are members of different birdwatching clubs and societies.

o The Norwegian ornithological association, Norsk Ornitologisk forening, has

9,500 active members. Also in Norway the interest in birdwatching is increasing, especially among women.

o Together the Nordic ornithological associations has 50,000 members. All the Nordic associations are connected to BirdLife International.

International

o As the world’s largest nature conservation Partnership BirdLife has more than 13 million members and supporters.

o This comprises 2.77 million members, and 10.8 million people who supported BirdLife Partners in 2012 without being members.

o BirdLife Partner organisations worked with 7,475 local groups, including action at 2,750 Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas; and our work involved 2.7 million children.

o BirdLife Partners managed or owned 1,553 reserves or protected areas covering 4.3 million ha of natural areas globally.

o The BirdLife Partnership employs 7,400 staff with a combined budget of US$ 539 million.

Quote from BirdLife International’s webpage

BirdLife International is the world’s largest nature conservation Partnership. Together we are 120 BirdLife Partners worldwide – one per country – and growing.

We are driven by our belief that local people, working for nature in their own places but connected nationally and internationally through our global Partnership, are the key to sustaining all life on this planet. This unique local-to-global approach delivers high impact and long-term conservation for the benefit of nature and people.

BirdLife is widely recognised as the world leader in bird conservation. Rigorous science informed by practical feedback from projects on the ground in important sites and habitats enables us to implement successful conservation programmes for birds and all nature.

We believe that our actions are providing both practical and sustainable solutions significantly benefiting nature and people.

The fundamental goal of bird ringing has always been to record the age, sex, wing length, fat deposits, and body mass of captured species as a way of monitoring, year to year, how avian populations are faring in the wild. But bird ringing research has many possible uses, including:

o Behavioral and migratory research o Longevity and life cycles o Prebasic molt in birds o Weight and plumage changes o Population monitoring o Habitat use

o Disease and environmental toxins

Ultimately, bird banding also helps us understand how to conserve the land and environments in which these migrating species live and breed.

The actual ringing moment can be utilized for environmental education*. Thus, given at certain bird stations in the U.S., Sweden and Lithuania opportunity for the general public to comply with the ringing.

Meanwhile, the audience gets a deeper insight in environmental conservation work. Experience shows that the importance of nature conservation is easier to understand when the audience is in direct contact with the protected objects.

* Environmental education is a learning process that increases people’s knowledge and awareness about the environment and associated challenges, develops the necessary skills and expertise to address the challenges, and fosters attitudes, motivations, and commitments to make informed decisions and take responsible action (UNESCO, Tbilisi Declaration, 1978).

Section B-B Section D-D

Sections1:400

Gunnarshaug Stavstø

Jølle Sennekre

Varnes Fort Varnes Lighthouse

Østhassel rescue station and Museum Varnes Fort

Pikkstein Nordberg Fort and Museum

Steinodden

Lista Lighthouse

Slevdalsvann

Borhaug

Bausje Østhasselstranda Havika Hanangervannet Kråkenesvannet Farsund

Kyststien Coastal Nature Trail

Jølle

Farsund

Kråkenesvannet Hanangervannet

Havika Bausje

Borhaug Steinodden

Pikkstein

Nordberg Fort and Museum

Slevdalsvann

Hanangervannet

Østhassel rescue station and Museum Future plans:

New parking lot, information space for the bird protection area, service area, rest hostel, toilettes and storage space for harbor. related needs.

About 60 m².

Hanangervannet New birdwatching tower with weather board and very well stabilized construction.

Slevdalsvann Future plans:

Restoration and conservation of Slevdalsvann. Boardwalks across the lake, birdwatching towers with information panels and amphi structures that enables the local schools to have outdoor teaching.

Lista Ornithological Station Present situation:

Located in a small cottage in the Lighthouse village with only a few rooms to serve both accommodation and living spaces as well as office, ringing laboratory and storage. Has been in operation since 1989 and the collected material constitutes unique time series for the presence of a large number of bird species in Norway.

Lista våtmarksystem Lista wetland system

Østhassel rescue station and Museum

Lista wetland system

The area around Lista is the most avian richest area in Norway. Over 300 bird species have been observed here. Great variety of habitats makes the area important both as a resting, wintering and nesting area. To provide adequate protection of bird life the most important areas has been given the status of bird sanctuaries. This is a more stringent protection than landscape preservation and each bird sanctuary has its separate regulations.The bird sanctuaries along the Lista beaches and the shallow waters of Prestvann, Nesheimvann, Hanangervann, Kråkenesvann and Røyrtjønn composes Lista wetland system. Because of the very important function this area makes for bird life, the area was given Ramsar status in 1996. All the areas were before this already protected under the Norwegian nature conservation act but the Ramsar status consolidated their status as internationally important areas. The Ramsar agreement gives Norway a binding international responsibility for the conservation and sustainable cultivation of the area. The Ramsar area at Lista includes a variety of habitats such as shallow water coastal areas, marsh and swamp areas as well as several shallow and nutrient rich lakes in the cultural landscape. The wetlands are highly fertile areas and the plant and animal life is diverse. Many species of fish, birds, plants and insects are directly related to the wetlands.

Later regional and local contributions and investments demonstrates and increasing interest and understanding of the importance of the birdlife at Lista. In 2014 the Norwegian Environment Agency appropriated 3,3 million NOK for restoring the Slevdalsvann nature reserve at Lista. The restoration will prevent to lose regional and national natural values. Slevdalsvannet was protected as a nature reserve in 2005. The reserve covers an area of 462 acres. The purpose of protection is to preserve an important wetland with swamps, meadows, rich vegetation, rich and distinctive birds, amphibians and other wildlife that has their natural habitat in the area. The area constitutes a special type of nature and holds a special scientific value and educational significance.

Both at the beaches at Østhassel and the waters at Hanangervannet there are plans to strengthen the importance of the birdlife at Lista. Close to Østhassel rescue station and Museum there will be a new parking lot to give space for visitors and bird watchers and a small house with information space for the bird protection area, service area, rest hostel, toilettes and storage space for harbor. At Hanangervennet a new birdwatching tower with weather board and a very well stabilized construction will be built.

In a small cottage in the Lighthouse village Lista Bird Observatory has been located since 1989. The Bird Observatory’s premier task is to identify the existence and development of bird populations and to collect quantitative data on bird migration over time. The observatory is strategically located at the flyways for several migration birds. Ever since its establishment all observation data has been recorded in the daily log and since 1990 the observatory also make standardized bird ringing. In Norway, this material constitutes unique time series for the presence of a large number of bird species. The material can be used for analyzes in phenology (direction of the flyways) in relation to climate change, analyzes of population maintains in relation to conservation, works with endangered species and general supervisions of nature’s condition.

Since 2005 the Norwegian Environment Agency supports the work at Lista Bird Observatory financially with an annual amount of 400,000 NOK. The daily work at the bird station is mainly based on voluntary support, and the need for workforce is high. Birdlife Norway encourages all its members to conduct a stay at the bird observatory during a part of the year to participate in the important work of bird conservation.

Today the lack of space and appropriate locations makes it difficult to manage the daily operations at the Bird Observatory. It is located in a small cottage in the light house village with only a few rooms to serve both accommodation and living spaces as well as office, ringing laboratory and storage. This makes it impossible to generate research on site and to apprehend the capacity of the site when it comes to the numbers and the diversity of birds.

To develop the work at the Bird Observatory the work needs larger and more appropriate locations. Since of the statistic’s dependence of the location the activity and work at the Bird Observatory must stay located in the Lighthouse village. The work is depended on that the net places will be remained at the same places and since of the intense work during high season it is important that there are proper accommodations for the workers at the site as well as proper working labs and storage.

Kyststien

In 2009 the municipalities along the southern Norwegian coast initiated the project “Sørnorsk kystnatur”

(Nature along the south coast of Norway). The project purpose is to stimulate the creation and preservation of new and existing values in the conservation areas along the coast. Since of its Ramsar status the area around Lista holds a specific importance within the project. The protected areas offers a wide range of natural experiences and cultural heritages that are accessible within short distances. The coast along Lista will be a venue for research, capacity building and for dissemination of knowledge. Experiencing tourism will be in focus. A goal of the project is to entice more people to visit the region, to create new products for tourism and to take charge of the qualities that the nature offers. By facilitating outdoor experiences and management, the project will stimulate value adding and preservation of natural heritage. The project shall also create and communicate knowledge and competence within nature preservation. By creating meeting places the knowledge and competence will be made accessible and stimulate to further research.

As a part of the project the municipality of Farsund has founded Kyststien (Coastal Nature Trail). Using and expanding existing paths and trails in the area the municipality has created a path going all the way from Farsund to Varnes Lighthouse. The trail is about 50 km long and can be experienced both as a whole, with and in smaller part for day trips. Along the way existing cultural heritages, museums and natural experiences are spread out. Among them is Lista Lighthouse village and the Bird Observatory.

Section C-C Section E-E

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Works of reference Fjeld, Per Olaf (1983).

Sverre Fehn on the Thought of Construction.

New York: Rizzoli

Kjeldsen, Kjeld & Rank Schelde, Jeanne & Asgaard Andersen, Michael & Juul Holm, Michael.

(2013).

New Nordic Architecture and Identity Louisiana Museum of Modern Art Jørgensen, Karsten & Stabel Vilde (2010) Ny norsk landskapsarkitektur

Gyldendal Akademisk

Lauri, Tomas & Isitt, Mark & Caldenby, Claes (2013) Svenska Naturum / Swedish visitor centres in nature Arkitektur Förlag

Publications

Dokk Holm, Erling, Døving, Runar (2012) Arkitektur N 8/12 Berre Nina (2011) Arkitekten nr. 11

Egeland, Solveig & Knudsen, Linn (2005)

På tur i Listalandskapet - kulturhistorisk guide før turer i et av våre eldste kulturlandskap Vest-Agder Fylkeskommune (2012)

Lista fyr 58 ° 06,6’ N 06 ° 34,0’ E References on internet Links Site:

http://www.riksantikvaren.no/Norsk/Tema/Bygninger/Fredete_bygninger/

http://www.riksantikvaren.no/sefrak/

http://www.farsund.kommune.no/fakta-om-kommunen/kart

http://www.kystverket.no/en/About-Kystverket/Contact-the-NCA/Employees-in-the-NCA1/

Anne-Mari-Almas-Berge/

http://www.rorgangare.se/3_geografisk_lysvidd.html http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyr

http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/NPP/news/earth-at-night.html

http://www.usc.edu/dept/LAS/arc/ugaritlight/ugarit/Pages/The%20Investigation/Geographic%20 Range%20of%20Visibility.htm

http://fylker.miljostatus.no/Vest-Agder/Tema-A-A/Naturomrader/Naturvernomrader/Lista-- internasjonale-verneverdier/Fuglefredning/

http://virtualnorge.com/havika/

http://www.bioforsk.no/ikbViewer/Content/76069/Rapport_Slevdalsvann_endelig.pdf http://www.miljodirektoratet.no/Global/dokumenter/Arrangementer/Trond%20 Rafoss,%20Farsund%20kommune,%20S%C3%B8rnorsk_kystnatur_erfaringer_fra_

verdiskapingsprogrammet,%20Lista%20270813.pdf

http://fylker.miljostatus.no/Vest-Agder/Tema-A-A/Naturomrader/Naturvernomrader/Lista-- internasjonale-verneverdier/Fuglefredning/

Links National Tourist Route Project:

http://www.umb.no/statisk/ilp/reiselivsseminar24jan2011/kevjen_nasj_turisteveger_regissert_

opplevelse.pdf FINA BILDER!

http://www.kth.se/polopoly_fs/1.399426!/Menu/general/column-content/attachment/1%20 Analyse%20Nasjonale%20Turistveier.pdf

http://www.norskform.no/no/norskform/Konkurranser/Tidliger-konkurranser/

Kritikkonkurranse-/Ingen-vinnere-i-kritikk-konkurransen-/

http://vimeo.com/66185160

http://www.aho.no/no/AHO/Aktuelt/Rektors-blogg/Konnotasjoner/

https://www.google.se/search?q=nasjonale+turistveger+kritikk&oq=kritikk+nasionale+turistveg er&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0.9910j0j7&sourceid=chrome&espv=210&es_sm=93&ie=UTF-8 http://www.vegvesen.no/Vegprosjekter/Om+vegprosjekter/Turistveger/Nyheter/Jubileumspris+ti l+Nasjonale+turistveger.380008.cms

http://www.turistforeningen.no/historikk/

http://www.historier.no/index.php?option=com_sobi2&sobi2Task=sobi2Details&sobi2Id=9929

&Itemid=305

Links Auspex:

Auspicier (av latin auspex “fågelskådare”, auspicium “iakttagande av tecken”) var i antikens Rom en person som tolkade omen genom att studera fåglars flykt. Auspicier kan även syfta på de tecken som gudarna sände till människorna.

https://www.google.se/search?q=aniarier&oq=aniarier&aqs=chrome..69i57.5958j0j8&sourceid=

chrome&espv=210&es_sm=93&ie=UTF-8#q=auspicier http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auspicier

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auspicia_Quaedam http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxima_auspicia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calchas

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auspice auspicia=ledning på latin (google translate)

undrar om det snarare handlar om ledning som i riktning?

Auspicia quaedam=Tecken på

På latin är auspicia ett substantiv, på spanska ett verb (sponsra?) Links Bird Observatories:

http://www.natursidan.se/nyheter/dagbok-fran-ottenby-fagelstation/

http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helgolandsf%C3%A4lla http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottenby_f%C3%A5gelstation

http://www.trelleborgsallehanda.se/trelleborg/article491066/Faringglar-flyger-in-varingren-till- Falsterbo.html

http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringm%C3%A4rkning

http://www.nrk.no/video/ny_verden_for_fuglekikkere/BF043C61CAF50E06/

http://www.birdlife.no/naturforvaltning/nyheter/?id=678 http://www.birdlife.no/prosjekter/fuglestasjoner.php https://www.duo.uio.no/handle/10852/27960

http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_v%C3%A5tmarksystem http://www.birdlife.no/fuglekunnskap/pdf/VF_23_IBA.pdf http://www.birdlife.no/internasjonalt/birdlife.php

http://www.agderfugl.net/stykker/stykkene/listaturen-07.php

http://www.google.se/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2F3.bp.blogspot.com%2F-l2eRIa1n0 C8%2FUYZb27RaspI%2FAAAAAAAAAhc%2FuqelIIoqvGs%2Fs1600%2FLista%252Bn ear%252Blighthouse.jpg&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fcyclingtheworldforbirds.blogspot.

com%2F2013%2F05%2Flista-final-birding-destination.html&h=664&w=1000&tbnid=RE1vKXS 0viXg9M%3A&zoom=1&docid=RgJECx296rr0DM&ei=PF93U6K2F-ub0AWSwIDADQ&tbm=i sch&ved=0CGUQMygQMBA&iact=rc&uact=3&dur=489&page=1&start=0&ndsp=17

Links Birds:

http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4ckning http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ornithology http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_ringing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornithology

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Experiment_on_a_Bird_in_the_Air_Pump http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:De_Arte_Venandi_com_Avibus.jpg http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A5geltopografi

http://www.birds.cornell.edu/Page.aspx?pid=1478

http://www.kevinkarlsonphotography.com/gallery/v/Woodpeckers/Three-toed+Woodpecker_+P acific+ssp_+BC_+June.jpg.html

http://www.dn.se/ekonomi/din-ekonomi/sa-fagelskadar-du-bast/

http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=83&artikel=1365079

http://www.kristianstadsbladet.se/kristianstad/article844458/Intresset-oumlkar-foumlr- faringgelskaringdning.html

http://www.ekoturism.org/illustrationer/fil_20051017155215.pdf

http://www.dagbladet.no/2012/05/22/kultur/bok/litteratur/fugl/fugler/21708194/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_education http://www.agamon-hula.co.il/node/21

http://www.powdermillarc.org/research/bird-banding.aspx Links Lista study trip:

http://www.akt.no/pris/

https://www.google.se/#q=buss+oslo+til+kristiansand http://www.nettbuss.no/bestilling/velg-avgang

http://www.akt.no/planner?lang=no&from=Kristiansand+rutebilstasjon+%28Kristiansand%29&

to=Borhaug+%28Farsund%29&time=14%3A00&date=17.03.2014&direction=1

Links music:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_TwBvLx-NYA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBY2nSLtcU4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fc99bRwEo3k https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IEC7sIfCtKs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L-bxuRKbFLk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LifAcqepJVI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8UVNT4wvIGY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yw_nLu3JxOk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6TKyz-MkvM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mG7F_Sbsg-M http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqWt49o7R-k https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4_4abCWw-w Links architecture:

https://www.naturvardsverket.se/Documents/publikationer/620-5376-0.pdf

https://www.google.se/search?q=knut+knutsen&espv=210&es_sm=93&source=lnms&tbm=isch

&sa=X&ei=qRPpUpOPD8SlyAPto4C4BQ&ved=0CAkQ_AUoAQ&biw=1280&bih=639 http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knut_Knutsen

http://www.tvark.se/atriumhouse/

http://www.archdaily.com/292706/hotel-tierra-patagonia-cazu-zegers-arquitectura/503c0b5328b a0d44570000ab_hotel-tierra-patagonia-cazu-zegers-arquitectura_corte_-3-png/

http://inthralld.com/2012/03/ski-slope-mountain-hill-cabin-by-fantastic-norway-architects/

http://www.pushak.no/pushak_project.php?projectid=1

http://www.ystadsallehanda.se/simrishamn/article1544722/Konstverk-flyttas-till-Norge.html http://www.kivikart.se/english.htm

http://www.pushak.no/pushak_project.php?projectid=1#

http://www.reiulframstadarkitekter.no/projects.asp?menu=projects&category=housing&submen u=&IDwork=136&page=8&IDimage=1026

https://www.google.se/search?q=REINOKSEVATN+RASTEPLASS&espv=210&es_sm=93&

source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=foU6U7bOOezb4QSivICYBQ&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAQ

&biw=1280&bih=640#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=mcjIfq6Sf1yBeM%253A%3BsKw-x6c0- uPSvM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fmedia-cache-ak0.pinimg.com%252F236x%252F7f%252F ab%252F41%252F7fab4132abe8864a0b01f12d36329c1b.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.

pinterest.com%252Fafossli%252Fpins%252F%3B236%3B355

https://www.google.se/search?q=juvet+landscape+hotel&espv=210&es_sm=93&so urce=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=cJQ6U8yrM9LR4QSW24CwCA&ved=0CAgQ_

AUoAQ&biw=1280&bih=640

http://plusmood.com/2008/11/juvet-landscape-hotel-jensen-skodvin-architects/juvet-landscape- hotel-3/

https://www.google.se/search?q=bird+watch+tower&espv=210&es_sm=93&tbm=isch&tbo=u&s ource=univ&sa=X&ei=7IxGU9HyNKTd4QTZ54CQBQ&ved=0CCYQsAQ&biw=1280&bih=60 5#q=bird+watch+tower+wheelchair&spell=1&tbm=isch

https://www.google.se/search?q=f%C3%A5geltorn+handikappanpassad&espv=210&es_sm=93

&biw=1280&bih=605&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=7Y5GU_7qOuf44QS9n4GoBA&ved

=0CAYQ_AUoAQ#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=WKvj-LEkkZma7M%253A%3B2CLx22sj8SGy- M%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.rordrommen.nu%252Fimages%252Ftorn.

JPG%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.rordrommen.nu%252Ftornhandik.htm%3B600%3B450 http://www.svenskttra.se/om_tra_1/tra-och-trabaserade-produkter/konstruktionselement http://www.alphamesh.de/index.php?page=ring-mesh

http://www.tidbecks.se/sv/produkter/krenelerade-naet-krenelerade-galler/

http://www.dorstener.se/duk.shtml

https://www.google.se/search?q=SO-IL+Kukje+Gallery&es_sm=93&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa

=X&ei=171XU923Domk4gSU94DACQ&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAQ&biw=1280&bih=640 http://www.google.se/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.byggahus.

se%2Fforum%2Fattachment.php%253Fattachmentid%253D101933%2526d%253D138 9201178&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.byggahus.se%2Fforum%2Fbyggmaterial-

byggteknik%2F227188-takkupa-information.html&h=1443&w=2560&tbnid=YFruEQmAs7s1c M%3A&zoom=1&docid=M80gYEmWHl9FZM&ei=-2JaU569Msn0ygPAtoGwBQ&tbm=isch&v ed=0CFgQMygFMAU&iact=rc&uact=3&dur=896&page=1&start=0&ndsp=14

http://www.minhembio.com/Timpolanen/157703/

http://boost.no-ip.org/huset/bilder/album/overvaning/index.html

http://www.byggahus.se/forum/byggmaterial-byggteknik/217212-takkupa-konstruktion.html http://www.konkretstockholm.se/Vindsombyggnader-2.htm

http://byggkatalogen.byggtjanst.se/materialforum/fortillverkade_takkupor/a1428 http://www.arkitekt.se/s45303

http://www.hfonstret.se/produktparmar/

http://www.tvark.se/kalmar-museum-of-art/

http://www.archdaily.com/12122/kalmar-museum-of-art-tham-videgard-hansson-arkitekter/

http://betong.se/2013/10/tham-videgard-vann-house-of-the-year/

http://www.arkitektur.se/tags/betong