• No results found

Buck converter for on-chip reference generation

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Share "Buck converter for on-chip reference generation"

Copied!
90
0
0

Loading.... (view fulltext now)

Full text

(1)

THESIS

BUCK CONVERTER FOR ON-CHIP REFERENCE GENERATION

Submitted By Abhay K Rai

Electrical and Computer Engineering Department

In partial fulfillment of the requirement For the Degree of Masters of Science

Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado

Summer 2010

(2)
(3)

!

"## $ $ %%"& '()*($ % "'+

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, -%' (.&

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

$ %/%& %0&1

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, )/ 0"'2 %"'1% ". .&0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

%3('$ #%&$ %()2 &$ 4"&5 (6%7 %80+

(4)

"0$#")%'& )(56430*0%(& "& 643/". $ (1%'%9%'%&6% (. 0"+&"8& (0(

:(&)1(3/". $ (1%'%9%'%&6%1%&%'($ "'$ "3'"/ )%(0$ (:. %'%9%'%&6% &)%3%&)%&$"93"8%' 0*33. 5/". $ (1%; < '33. %0(&)6"#3%&0($ %)9"'$ %#3%'($ *'%/('($"&0 4%& 3"8%' 0*33. 5 /". $ (1%)%6'%(0%0(0$ 4%3'"6%009%($ *'%0-%;1($ %. %&1$ 4< )%6'%(0%0 $ #3"0%0 64(. . %&1%0 & $ %'#0"94%()'""# (&) "$ 4%'9(6$ "'0$ " (64%/%(0$ (:. %:(&)1(3 /". $ (1%

'%9%'%&6% $(. 0" &%%)0$ " :% 06(. %) )"8& $ " = 9"'3'(6$6(.*0%0(&) 3'"/ )% ( 6"##"& #")% /". $ (1% "9 = 9"' "& 643 6'6*$ 0 40 $ 4%00 )06*00%0 ( :*6+

6"&/%'$ %' 8464 *0%0 (& (. $ %'&($/% $ " 3*. 0% 8 )$ 4 #")*. ($"& ; < 9"' 0$ (:. % '%9%'%&6% 1%&%'($"& (&) )'%6$ . 5 1%&%'($ %0( = '%9%'%&6% *0&1 ( &"/%. &)*6$ "' '33. %6*''%&$6(&6%. . ($"& $ %64& >*% 84646(&6%. 0 &)*6$ "''33. %6*''%&$(&)$ 4%'%9"'%

)"%0&"$'%>*'%(. ('1%6(3(6$ (&6%9"'9. $ %'&1 "9 &)*6$ "''33. % & (. $ %'&($/%$ "$ 4%

3*. 0%8 )$ 4#")*. ($"& ; < $ %64& >*% 03'"3"0%) 8464*0%06"##"& #")%:(0 (&)$ '(&06"&)*6$ (&6%;1 # < $ *& &1 $ "+%%3$ 4%'%9%'%&6%"*$ 3*$6"&0$ (&$9"'/('(:. %. "()0 (&)($ %#3%'($ *'%6"#3%&0($"& $ %64& >*% 0*0%)$ "# & # -%$ %#3%'($ *'%0%&0$/ $ 5

:4(5 *#(' ( . %6$ '6(.? "#3*$ %' &1 &%%'&1

". "'()" $ ($ % & /%'0$ 5

"'$ ". .&0 @ A

*##%'

(5)

/

$4(0:%%& ('%(.3'/ . %1%$ " :%(1'()*($ %0$ *)%&$ & $ 4% )%3('$ #%&$($

". "'()" $ ($ % & /%'0$ 5 "'$ ". .&0 5 %B3%'%&6% 4%'% 4(0 :%%& 9*. . "9

"33"'$ *& $%0 $ " . %('& 9'"# 9(6*. $ 5 (&) 0$ *)%&$ 0 8 $ 4 8 )% (&) )%%3 %B3%'$0% &

%&1 &%%'&1

8"*. ).+%$ "$ 4(&+#5()/ 0"' '"9 %"'1% ". .&0 9"'40 &/(. *(:. %1*)(&6%

$ 4'"*14"*$#5 7 "*'&%5 (0 ( 1'()*($ % 0$ *)%&$ & $ 4% )%3('$ #%&$ 0 #(&5 5%('0 "9

%B3%'%&6%8 $ 408 $ 64&1 '%1*. ($ "'0(&)3"8%'%. %6$ '"& 604(/%(. . "8%)4# $ "9"6*0"&

$ 4%6'$6(.(&) &$ %'%0$&1 00*%0"9(&53'":. %# $4(0:%%& (*& >*%3'/ . %1%$ ":% &

401'"*3

8"*. ) .+% $ " $ 4(&+ $ 4% #%#:%'0"9#5 $ 4%006"## $ $ %% 9"'$ 4%'/(. *(:. % 9%%):(6+ 8"*. ) .+% $ " $ 4(&+ '"9 $ %/%& %0&1 9"' 4%. 3&1 #% "& &*#%'"*0

"66(0"&0 1"$1'%($ . 5 :%&%9$ %) 9'"# 40 ($ 4 3'"1'(# 9"'"& 643 &)*6$ "' )%01& (&) 8(0(:. %$ " 0*66%009*. . 5 #3. %#%&$$ 4%04*&$3%(+&1 $ %64& >*%$ (*14$ &

@AC 0)%$ (. %) (&(. 500"9&"0% & 04%. 3%) #% & )(5$ ")(5 )%01&

(6$/ $%0(&)84. %8"'+&1 "& "*$ 3*$$ '(&06"&)*6$ (&6%(#3.9%'; < )%01& 9"'@ $ 4

"')%'%. .3$69. $ %'D E)%01& 3'"7 %6$9"'#5 $ (&9"') & /%'0$ 5 1&(.6"&)$"& &1 6. (00$ 4003'&1 8"*. ).+%$ "$ 4(&+ '"9 -%' (.& 9"'+&). 5(1'%%&1 $ ":% & #5 6"## $ $ %%(&)$ (+&1 $#%$ "'%()$ 40$ 4%00

8"*. ) .+% $ " $ 4(&+ '"9 %/ & %('9"'#(+&1 4#0%. 9(/(. (:. % $ " #%

64%%'9*. . 584%&%/%' &%%)%)40()/ 6%"& 8 )%/('%$ 5"9)%/ 6%345060'%. ($ %) 00*%0

(6)

/

8"*. ).+%$ "$ 4(&+#53('%&$ 0 4(#%. (&) '( ( 9"':%&1 (&%/%'%&)&1 0"*'6%"9&03'($"& (&)(0". %'%(0"& 9"'84" (# $ ")(5

8"*. ).+%$ "$ 4(&+#58 9% '3(&( ( 9"':%&1 #"0$3($%&$3%'0"& & #5.9%

(&) :%&1 (0"*'6% "9%&6"*'(1%#%&$ 8 $ 4"*$84"0% 84". %4%('$ %) 0*33"'$ $ 401"(.

8"*. ) 4(/% :%%& &%('. 5 #3"00:. % 8"*. ) (. 0" .+% $ " $ 4(&+ #5 $ ")). %')(*14$ %' (04/ ( 9"'9. .&1 #%8 $ 4%&%'15(&)$ %(64&1 #%$ 4($.9% 0(&%/%'%&)&1 . %('& &1

%B3%'%&6%

(0$:*$&"$$ 4%. %(0$ 8"*. ) .+%$ " $ 4(&+ #5 %#3. "5%' /(1" %64&". "1 %0

&6 9"'03"&0"'&1 #51'()*($ %0$ *)%0(&):%&1 3($%&$$ 4'"*14"*$$ 4%)*'($"& "9#5

1'()*($ %0$ *)%0

(7)

! " # $

% & ' ( )

' * # +! &"* )

# # "* " ,- . '/# 0 " # 1

# " # 1 2

' * # ! "!" # &"* 3

# #+ + ! "!" # " "* *" # $

" 0 "* *" # ! * ! $

4 % & ' ' ( 5 -

6 7 ' 7

& - (

#!!* 8 # " & ! 2

+! " ! 4

' - 5 , . ' ( 49

5 * " " #1 : 5# ' ! 4$

5 * " " *"; * )

+!* # 1 0 #1 2

#" & * "1 " ' 2

5 * " #1 "* " # <

2 5 = % 24

(+ # 1 24

'* / " * *"!!# 1 /# 0# 1 " # 22

5# ' 0 + : 22

' 0 2$

++ + ;" #1 3

#* # ' * 3

3 ' > 33

? 5 - ' - - 39

? ' ' 9

99

5 ' $

(8)

0 # " # # +!* @# 1 " /# 0# 1 / 0"

* "1 " 0 ,5#1 . " +"# *@ ! # " ! /

!!*@/# 0" 8 ";* ! * "1 7 1 "*

0 " / /"@ " 0# 0 * "1 1 *" # :

* =# 0 *" # , = .: 0# # " 0# ;@ " @# 1 0 ! # , .

0 /# 0/0#* !# 1 0 /# 0# 1 ! # " 7 " 0 / # 5#1

@ @ * , . 0 " # 0 * 1 0 #+ /0# 0 0 /# 0

# ! 0 @ * ! # "**@ * ;@! * /# 0+ *" # # 0

! + 0 # " A @ ! " # * " !#+#B" # "

- #* " *#+# 0 #!!* # 0 ! * "1

* 5 A @ *" # , 5 .: 0 " # , . # ! "

" 0 /# 0# 1 ! # # " # " 0 / # 5#1 4 0 #1 0 -

#* # # # * # 0# "

'/# 0# 1

* +

! & * "1 ! & * "1

(9)

4

(10)

0 " 0 ;" # @! :

' ! / ,; .

' ! ! , . "

4 ' ! ! / ,; ; .

; ! / /# 0 + ! / !!*@ " "* ; "** " /# 0

+ 1 *" 0 ! ! *" # @ /# 0 + 1 *" # 0 # "# *@ 0#10

# # @" +!" #B '/# 0+ 1 *" " # !*" *# " * "1 1 *" " *" # *@0#10 ! 7 ; " *# " * "1 1 *" " # # # CD '# 0 ! / # # *# " 1 *" 0" # #!" " "# *@*" 1 "+

! / 7 0 @0" ; " A " *@ * 7 @!# "**@;@+ # 1 0 + 0 " # 7 /0# 0+" 0 1 *" ; * @" *" 1 "!!*# " # /0 #B " # # @"

# # "*7 *# " * "1 1 *" " ; CD 1 "*7 " @;" # /# 0 ! /

!!*@ # # " " +! 7 " 0 / # 5#1

!" #

(11)

2

! * /# 0+ *" # 1 **

" # /# 0

#

& "!" # "

& # " *"!!# 1 /# 0

* ;@! * /# 0+ *" # # " @ 1 *" # 1 0 ! # @ @ *

" ; " 8 ; "# 0 # * "1 ! 0 /# 0 # 0 0 " 0

/# 0 !!*@" # * 0 ! / !!*# 0 * " C4D # # #

" #* 0 #!!* 0# # ; " # !!

0" 1 # =0 0 0 10" # " 7 0 #

+"# "# 0 ;@" # 1 " "

"!" # # # " #* #!!* * "1 0 # # " /# 0

1 *" # "**@ " " " 0 # CD 0 ! ! 0# # #

# @7 ; # " # * / # 0 # # " 0" 0 # "*/"@ "

!" 0 0 * / # 0 # 0# # " ; !*" /# 0 "

*"!!# 1 '5 /# 0# *#+# " 0 # !

(12)

3

5#1 3 0 / 0 " * "1 /" + 0 10 0 # /0 /# 0 #

! " *

$% & % '

0# # # " ! " # # 0 0 / " " E!*"# ; * /

( " # ' !

) *)

(+ " # ' !

) *) ,

(13)

9

0 # # 7 /0 0 /# 0# * 7 0 /# 0 0 #

, - . " 0 / # 5#1 2" 0# * # " ! # # * "1 " 0 #

# 0 * "1 # 1 " 0" 0 ! * "1 0# * "1 " " *# "

# " # 0 # =0 0 # # 7 0 1@ # #

# " # 1 0 " /0 0 /# 0# * 7 0 # " A # 1@CD

& - F& # & ) , .

F , .

0 "!" # + 0 0 # G 0" 1 # " " ! * "1

* 7 0 "!" # # *" 1 10 0" 0 ! * "1 0" 1

#1 # # " *@ # 1 /# 0# 1 @ * 0# " 0 "!" # # 0" 1# 1 =0 0

/# 0# * 7 0 * + " @# 1 " 0 / # 5#1 2" '# 0 # #

;#" 7 # # 0 / # 0 !#

! =0 0 /# 0 # ! 7 0 # +"# "# 0 * " "

0 / # 5#1 2; 0 # G +"1 # # * " 7 0 0 10 0

# " *# " *@7 " +# ;@ 0 * "1 " 0 # " #

# "

& - 55 F & ) , 4.

55 F, . , .

'# 0 " "1 * "1 " 0 # # B # " @ " 7 # 1 0 *

;"*" A " #

& - H& - 55 55 F) , 2.

C& 1 & ) D H, & ) . , . F)

& 1 I & ) I & ) H& ) F)

(14)

$

& ) F &1 ," +# 1 # "* +! . , 3.

0 # +"# "# * / ;@ # 1 # * "1 /0 0 "!!*# * "1 #

+ 0 # " " " * "1 ** /# 0 ! # " !" 0 0 #

=0 0 /# 0# ! 7 0 # * / 0 10 0 # C2D

" # ! $

0" / # # + ! " # : # #

+ , . " # # # + , . 0 ;

" # * " #1 ;" ; 0+ ! " #

- ' ,

0 # # + 7 0 # * / # *@ 0" # 7

# # "*/"@ 1 " 0 B # 1 0 55 ! # 7 " 0 / # 5#1 9;

0 * "1 ! " # *# " *@/# 0 0 @ @ * 0 /# 0 " 1#

* "1 # ! ! 0 # # !" "+ , 1 # " "!" #

"* . C3D

(15)

<

& ) J& 1 F J F @ @ *

0 # 0 # # + , .7 0 ! * "1 " ;

** ;@ **# 1 0 @ @ * " " 1 )

0 # # # + , . C4D7 0 # # # #

" ; # 5#1 9" 0" # # # # # "* " + #+ , - F ).

/0# 0 " 0 " "1 # " * 0" 0"* 0 #

#!!* CD 0 55 ! # 7 0 ! / 0 * " # " # !!*# ;@ 0

"!" # " "* 0 # 0 # # # + 7 0 ! * "1 #

! 0 # # +! "* " 0 @ @ * 0 /# 0C3D

(16)

)

% & ' (

0 * "1 ! # ** ;@ # 1 " 0#10 A @ ! * /# 0+ *"

* , = . #1 "* # 0 /# 0# 1 * + , " # /# 0. @!# "**@ 0

A @ 0 ! * /# 0+ *" * #1 "* # # 0 " 1 0

% B 0 " / ; # : 5# 7 " A @ # " 7 +! ; +

+"** 7 *#10 " 0 "! CD 0 ; # # 0" 0 *"@ + # ! !

" ;@ 0 /# 0# 1 #+ # * /

@!# "**@7 # # ++ 0" 0 ; # # + , .

E! * " ** /# 1 "

0 1"# # ";* # + 7 0 ! & * "1 ,& ) . # "!! E#+" *@

;@ # ! * "1 ,& 1 . " 0 @ @ * *@7 1" * * " 0

+! "* # # + 7 & ) ! & 1 7 @ @ * 7 #

"* 7 * " " A @

5 # " # # + 7 0 A @ ! " #

0 " # ! # # + " ; # 0" # # #

+

4 # + ! " # ! +"** #!!* # ! & * "1 &

" # CD

# 1 +! * # 7 " 0 +! G "* # * ;" "# # #

!" "+

(17)

" # ) ' + ,

'# 0 "* 0 # +# 0 ! " # 1 + 0 ; C4D7

# #1 !*"@ " #+! " * # ; #1 0 # #

;@ + # 1 1@ + 0 * # "* # # 7 # 1 # # " +"1 # # * "

; A *@ # 1 0 1@ 0 # # C9D

=0 0 # # # 0" 1# 1 CD:

& - F & ) F- # - J , .

# - J F & ) J- , .

K# - F & ) J- LCK D

K# - F & ) J- LC D , 4.

=0 # # 0" 1# 1:

& - F& 1 I& ) F- # - J

& 1

(18)

# - J FC& 1 I& ) DJ- K# - F,& 1 & ) J- .LCK D

K# - FC& 1 & ) J- DL , .

5#1 0 / 0 0 10" * "1 " 0 #

- F - I MK# - MJ F& ) J , .& ) J -5 F& CJ , .J -5D , 2.

- ? F - HMK# - MJ F& ) J H, .& ) J -5 F& ) CJ H, .J -5D , 3.

% &

$ $ )* +

0 # # "* " # 0 +# #+ + # " " /0# 0 0 # " 0

; " @ # + @ # " "* * / 0" 0 # # "* # "

" 0 ; ! " # 0 # # # + 0

# " "* # # # "* +"# "# # 1 0 * " /0#* 0 /# 0# #

" @ +# 0 +# #+ + # " " @ !! 0 A # !

(19)

4

0 0" 0 * " # !! / " # #

! * "1 " # ! CD

+# 0 # # "* # " 7 0 +"E#+ + # #!!* K# -

+# #+ + ! "1 * " A # + # ! # # - F) F - I CMK# - MJ D F& ) CJ , .J -5D

- F, ? . ? J 5 , 9.

? F& ) J , $.

? F @ @ * "* *" " +# #+ + # ! * "1

5F5 A @

% . .

" 0 10 0 # +# 0 # N A # " " #

" # 17 /0# 0# # " 0 "!! E#+" !0@ # "* #B 0 # '" " # 1 0

# " 0 # # @7 /0#* # " # 1 0 +! " 0

# 7 0 '5 " 0 # CD 0 ! " " # 1 0 # #

(20)

+# /# 0 0 +"E#+ + # 0 / " +# #+ + #

" +"E#+ + * "

$ ,

" # #1 " # /# 0# 1 ! / !!*# + 0" " /# 0# 1 #+

" 0 * ; ";* /# 0 " 0 * "1 !# ! ;@ 0 # & * "1

" # 1: 5 " # "* /# 07 0 +"E#+ + /# 0 * "1 ,& /# 0O+"E . # 0 +"E#+ +

* "1 # ! CD " # "* /# 07 & /# 0O+"E F & # +"E H & 5 /0 & 5 # 0 +"E#+ + /" ! " 0 /# 0 , /" # !. " +"E#+ + * "

'/# 0 " # 1 # "* *" ;" 0 " "1 "* /# 0 # 1

7 0 # # A "* /# 0 # 1 /# 0 # A "*

B

/# 0 F,# -+# H# -+"E . L J , $.

/# 0 FC,# -+"E K# - .H# -+"E D L J FC# -+"E K# - D L J

/# 0 FC# -+"E K# - J D L F# - L

/# 0 P# - L +"E , <.

(21)

2

! ) ' % . + % * %/ 0 % %1 2

$ ,

# " @ 0" 0 # 0 * ; ";* *" # *@ " # / "

" @ # " # 0 "!!*# " # 0 # G " "1 #

A "* 0 * " #+ 0 ! # 0 #+ 0 # # # 1 "

(22)

3

0 / # 5#1 2 0 # N /" ! # # " # + + E 0

+"E#+ + ! CD

# F,# -+# H# -+"E . L J , ).

# FC,# -+"E K# - .H# -+"E D L, . J FC# -+"E K# - D L, . J

# FC# -+"E K# - J D L, . F# - L, .

# P# - L, +# . , .

( ) '

0 +"E#+ + * "1 " 0 # # 0 +"E#+ + # ! * "1 0

* "1 " # 1 " * / 10 0" " +"** ' 0 @ # " " @

# * ; 0# "!!*# " #

/ # #!" # # 0 *#+# # 1 " /0 0 # 1 " # 0 / " " "1

! / " ; "* *" " ** / :

# F, +# . L# - L& , .

/0 & # 0 * "1 !" 0 # " 0 1# ! ?

# ! $!$ '$

0 "!" # * "1 0 * /# 0 " 0 +"E#+ + ! * "1 "**@

(23)

9

& +"E F& ) HK& ) J , 4.

=0 K& ) F #!!* * "1

& ) F ! * "1

0 ! "!" # " # 0 +# #+#B 0 * "1 0 " #!!* " 0

! " ; '# /# 0 ! / 1 *" " "**@ # 0#10

7 0#10! +" ! / !!*# 7 0 "!" # 0 * ; 0 +# #+ +

* - # " "!" # ; " # # "* # # " " # "

"!" # /# 0 # # " 0 0 ;" # # # # "

, ' . 5 @ 0#10 ! +" ! / !!*# 7 + #+ # # " @ !

"!" # # !" "** * 1 " * / 10 # # # " 0 +"E#+ +

"** / ! * "1 0 " #!!* " + #+ ! # # " 0 #+

#1 0 7 + 0 #!!* ! # # " # " ; # # 7 " !

"!" # /# 0"+!* "!" # " " * / ' # A #

0 ! * "1 #!!* * ; ;@

• # 1 0 ' ;@ +;# # 1 "!" # # !" "** * # 1 "!" # /# 0

* / '

• 0 #!!* # ;@# " # 1 0 # # # " # " # 1 0

/# 0# 1 5 A @

#!!* # 0 # * / 0 10 0 "!" # * " # 1 0 " "1

* /# 1 0 10 0 * " C$D

(24)

$

$ , ) '

" - - ! $!$ $ $ $ ./0

Q FR , J .,K# - J . FK# - J$5 FC,& ) J - ., . D J $5 F, .& ) J$-5 QF LK& )

FQJK& ) FC, . & ) D1K& ) $-5 F,4 . & ) JK& ) F , .

S&J& ) F, +# .J$- 5 , 2.

K& ) F #!!* & * "1

K& ) J& ) F! "1 #!!*

"$ $ $ # ! !

+! "* ! * !; / "* *" # 1 " 0 4 "

#+ *" # 1 " '! 2

I +#

,S&J& ) .L$-5

(25)

<

1 " " 7 " " /# 0 # " 7 ' " # !7 /# 0

# " " 0 *"!!# 1 /# 07 # " "* /" 0 " + 7 /0# 0# 2 9 #+ 0 # # "* # " "*

"E#+ + ! & * "1 &# +"E := ) & ⋅

# #+ + ! & * "1 &# +# := 3 & ⋅

! & * "1 &) := ) < & ⋅

'/# 0# 1 5 A @ := 492 % B ⋅

"E - " *+"E := $+

*+# := 4+

# #+ + - "

*+"E &)

:= *+# *+"E 4)) = Ω

"E#+ + - " # "

# #+ + - " # " *+# &)

*+"E

:= *+# = 2 Ω

#+ #

:= = 339 × ) 3

# #+ + @ @ * +# &)

&# +"E

:= +# = ) 2

+"E &)

&# +#

:= +"E = ) 234

"E#+ + @ @ *

- , − +"E . ⋅ *+"E

:= ⋅ - = 92 × ) F *

" - - 2 $

(26)

)

-" # *

3 ) , ,

(27)

" # #+ *" # /" !" !" "+ # / !/" ! + # 1 &# 7 - "

@ @ * " " #";* 7 " 0 / # 5#1 $ 5#1 9 0 / 0 ;" # ! * ! ; 0 +" # /# 0 #!!* " **" # #* "!" # '/ " '/

" 7 *"!!# 1 * 1 " ;@" *"!!# 1 * 1 "

*"!! # " ; ! 1 "++

4%

(28)

56 ,,

5#1 < 0 / 0" 0 ; # ! " # 1 # # # + "

5#1 ) 0 / 0 #!!* 5#1 0 / #!!* * "1 /# 0 0 #!!*

" **" # 0 #A " #* "!" # 0 +"E#+ + "* #!!*

* "1 # )2 +&

(29)

4 6 ,, &

5#1 9 I 0 / 0" ! #!!* * "1 " " "1 ! * "1 !

# ! * "1 7 @ @ * 7 # " "!" # "* " 0 # ' 0# * "1 #

# *@ " " 0#! 7 # /#** * " " ! ! / !!*@ 8 # " # , ' . ! +" " "* # /#** * # " ! # " @ # #"*

# # ++ + " #" # /0# 0/#** ; "+!*# # ;@" ; A "1 "

0 # /#** ; + !" #1 "* * # 1 # @! ! +"

5 0# ! * "1 ; " " 0#! ! # " " "* " #

;" 1"! 7 A # " # # *#+# " #!!* ! * "1 "

" 0# # # # # # +! " #" # " & 1

(30)

3 & ' "

( 4 *

5 6 "

" 6

' * (

" # #"* # # A # # 1 " ++ + !!*# ;@" 0#! 7 " @

++ + " #" # /#** * " " ! /0# 0; + !" 0

#1 "* " # "+!*# # ;@ ; A "1 0# # #"* "1 # !" " " "* 1

7 # /#** * # ! +" 1 " " # " 0 +"@; +

# ";* 0 "!!*# " # 0# A # " 0#! ! # " "

* "1 #!!*

" # "* ; 7 ! * "1 " #" # # +# #+#B ;@ # 1 0

* =# 0 *" # , = . 0 * 5 A @ *" # , 5 . 0 #A

/0# 0+# #+#B ! * "1 " #" # 0" 1 # * " & 1 0# 0 #A

*@ A # " *@ = !0" * * !, --.7 ; 0 A # +"@1

"*#" # ;" ;" 7 1 " # 1 #1 "* # " # ,' . ! +" 0 "**

@ +

+"@ "* "* A # ; 1 " 0#! /0# 0 +"@ ; "

# ";* * # " * / ! / 0#! + ;#* "!!*# " #

# "* #!!* 8 # 0 #A A # " "!" # /0# 0 " # " #

# " 0 " "1 * / 0 10 0 * "

/ " "!" # +"@ ; " #";* * # + ;#* "!!*# " # "

"* # A # " E " !#

(31)

2

! ! * # #; ; * / " " " # 1 + 0" # + "* 1

/# 0" ++ + ;" 0 #A " 0# !" "+ # !

" ,,

5#1 4 0 / " ! * ! ; /# 0 " ;" # #!!* " **" #

0 + 9 # " # "* ! " # "* " " +!*# # , . /0# 0

* "1 " # /# 0" " 1"# " 1 +

5#1 4 " 0 / ! ;@# " 5#1 4 ; 0 / 0 /

" !0"

(32)

3

% ,, 7 + 1/8 ,,

' )

(33)

9

" " 2 +' # A # 1 " " +" 0# 1 !0" +

7 0 / 7 # 0 / " " 7 0 @/#** E" *@ " * " 0 0 "

0 /#** * # B * "

" # 0# 7 ! " H !0" #!!* ; 7 #

*@ ! " #!!* /0# 0# !0" /# 0# #!!*

/# 0" B 0# ;8 # ; " 0# 7 ;

;#" " " # ++ + * "1 <)) +& " 0 / # 5#1 4

!% 1/8

(34)

$

( % ,, 7 + 1/8 ,,

$9 ) ' (

(35)

<

0# 0 #A " * # #!!* " ! " * " !" "+ #

/ ! /" ! # @ 0# ;" # ! !" "+ " #" # *#

" " 1+7 * " # " -7 @ @ * " # ! * "1 &

-% ' ,, :

(36)

4)

31 , ' ,, :

41 , ,, / , , , , ' ; <

(37)

4

51 , ,, + , ' ; < 55

5#1 4 9 I 4 ) 0 / 0 * " " * "1 " #!!* 8 # 0 ** /# 1

* # " "/ + 0 #+ *" #

5#1 4 < 0 / 0" " # "* #!!* $ T& /" " 0# /0 ( + /"

5#1 4 < " 4 ) + " 0" # " ( + # 1 + 0" # + # "!!*# 7 #!!*

* "1 " ; **

(38)

4

1 , ' ,

5#1 4 0 / ! * "1 /0 & # / ! + 3& )& /0# 0# HJ )U

+# "* !!*@ * "1 0# & # ! /" " 0# ;@ ++ + ;#" # 1

'5 "# # #; "

F J T ? =J- ,& (' I & . ,4 .

=0

T# + ;#*# @ " 0" 1 " # , * J0 * # 'J '.

& (' # "# * "1

? # E# "!" # "

= # 0" * /# 0

(39)

44 - # 0" * * 1 0

& (' # 1" * "1

& # 0 0 * * "1

V JV& (' FT ? =J- ,& (' I & . F1 + ,4 .

;#*# @,T. " 0 0 * * "1 ,& . " '5 " +! " ! C$D

" " ; #; ;@ A ,4 4. " ,4 .

T W 4J ,4 4.

& W ,4 .

A ,4 4. " ,4 . 0 / 0" 0" 1# 1 T " * "1 & & ,F & (' I & .

0" 1 # +! " +! " " 0 0 ! "# E 7 0 / #

" ; +! " # 1 ( + # 1 + 0" # + / " ; # # C)D #

+! " +! " # 7 # " *@# 1 " ( + # 1 + 0" # +

(40)

4

8 / , ,

+! " # # # ;#" 1 " 0 / "; # 5#1 4 # ;" 0

# +! " ! # 0 0 * * "1 ' " ' * /

+! " # * "1 " ; ; "# C D ;@ + "**@ +! " # 1 0 +! " # & " & "1 # & " & " *# " *@

/# 0 +! " " " ; + * " :

& , . F& , ) . I X & , I ) . ,4 2.

M& , .M FM& , ) .M X & , I ) . ,4 3.

(41)

42

=0 ) # 0 +! " /0 0 #1 ; ,1 "**@

9Y .7 " X & " X & " 0 +! " # # 0 0 0 * * "1

' " ' " # 7 ! # *@

5# "* * "1 # ; "# ;@ ; " # 1 M& M + " "* &

* / * "1 ;#" # # # + ;@ " " ! # # + ;@

' '4 # +; #" # # @# !!*# ;@ 2

# # @ # + ;@ 7 7 " # 0" 0 ; *

* "1 ,& ' . # B *#+# " 0 ;" 1" ;#" " #+!

! / !!*@ 8 # " # , ' . * "1 # :

& 5 F, H J .& (' I M& (' M ,4 9.

+! " ! & " ; ; "# ;@ # #" # 1 A 4 9 /# 0 !

" 1# ;@ A 4 $

,4 $.

0# +! " ! # 1 ;@ " *# " + " " *# " +

; "# ,V& 5 JV .M F F) /0 # + +! " 7 0 *# " + # B ;@

" # " # 7 /0# 0# 1# ;@:

J FX & J X & I ,4 <.

7 0 *# " + # B " F ;@ 0 " # #B# 1 " # 7 1# ;@:

(42)

43

,4 ).

A 4 < " 4 ) 0 / 0" +! " # # " ; !#+#B ;@ # #

!" "+

/ , ,

5#1 4 4 0 / 0 ! +! " +! " " #" # "* 0 / 0

/ ! " 9Y

(43)

49

7

" * 4 ) + (

@ "* ! #;* " 0# 7 # * # 1 * !# 7 / "1 " "

#+!* # #"* !"# /# 0 " !* 7 " **# 1 * " /" ! + 7 0 / # " "* 1 #1 # " + * # #+ # !#+#B" # ! ;* + C D7 "

" * # " # " "* " # "** !" "+ 7 * " ! * 1@ /"

0 /" +# 0" 0 * " / * ! # 0 "!";#*# @

+"E#+#B# 1 0 * "1 /# 1 " 0 ! /0#* #** + # 1 0 1"# 7 ;" /# 0"

# A # + #+! ;@ 0 "!!*# " # " ! # # " # 0 # #"* !"#

/# 0 !* * " C2D /" 0 10 ; # #* 0 " +# +" 0

# 0 1 + 0 * " " # /" # "*# # +# +" 0 # # #

! # 7 0# # # / * 0" + 0 1"# A # + 0 * !#

! * 1@7 /0#* # 1 + #+! + # # 7 1"# " ;" /# 0 0 *

" 7 #+! #1 # # " *#+# " # ! * "1 /# 1 / "1 "+!*# #

* " #*@ + "** ! # # " # 7 ; / * *# *@ ; * ! / # # 0" 0 * "

0 #1 /" +!* #*#B# 1 " Z # # " A [ "!! " 0 "**

"# / +# " #1 A " # / # " 0 7 " " *";

#! /" * ! ;" 0 #1 A " # 0# #! /" " 0 0

#1 !" " # # 0" / * + "** ! # # " # /0#* +# #+#B# 1 ! / +!# 0 # "* # # /" #1 !;@ !7 " # 1 /# 0 " +" @ # "*

+! " ! #;* 7 " # 1 /# 0" +!* !" # "* # # 7 E ! " # "*

++ + ;" , 5 . ; # # 0 5 # # /" #

(44)

4$

"** /# 0# 0 ! 0# #1

! ) % ,

0 # # #"* #1 /" + * /# 0 *@ " # 5 # ! "1 /"

* ; # ! +" " +!" /# 0" 5 # ! 5 0 "+

1 + 7 " 5 /#** A # " *" 1 " " 0 *" 1 "!" # " /#** * " " * / J

0# "1 J # " +# # 1 " # # # * " 0 #+! "

#1 !" "+ ; " /# 0 0#

0 # #1 !" "+ 0" /" # /" 0 * * ! 1"# 5 0#

#+!* # # 7 0 * * !1"# # :

/ ) = β + , .

=0 7 1 + 7 1 + " " " " " 1 " 1 " 0 # !

" X # 0 ;" "

(45)

4<

# / 0" 0 ! * !1"# A # + /# 0" +"** +" 1# # 0

)7 " 0" β # 0 J4 ' * * !1"# A # + # 0

)

0# / 0 # 1"# A " # 7 0 A # + 0 # # # 1"# "

/ * ; "!! E#+" *@ ) 7 0 / 0 A " # 0 +!* * "

1"# # :

/ ) = β +

4

+ + 2

+

, .

0 " # # "* + # 0 +# " /#** * / 0 1"# + /0" 7 0 / 7 Z;"

0 * ! [ "* *" # ;" !" # "* 1 + " 1 "* # # " 0" "

# # # 1"# ) "** " # /#** # 5 0 + 7 !" # "* "*

1 + J 7 # 0 0 ) $ µ+ 0 * 1@7 " ) $ µ+ * 1 0/#** ! # 0 1"#

"** " # 0# # # " ; # # *" # 0 #1 ! # 0

"* *" # # # " 0" # ; # "

" # 1 0 * " #1 0 E * * +!* E# @7 0 "

7 # # 1 / " # " 0 # 0 # #"* !"# 7 " # #

!*" 0 ! # 0 #10 # 0 ! # 1 # # 0

" # # "* " # 0" "* " @; # A , . 0# ! # 7 0 *@

" # 0" " +# " 0 0 " 0 # ! "1 7 0 "#*

0 ! "1 7 " 0 * "1 ;#" "** "1 0 0 " # 0

# ! "1 # " 0 " " 0 "#* # 0 ! "1 " "#* 0

* "1 ;#" " "* ! # "* " 0# ! # 7 # *@ !" " +# 1 & 1

(46)

)

,& H& & . "** " # # 32) +& % !# 1 0 " * "1 # "*

+ 0 0 #1 ! /#** #+!*# @ " 0# 1 0 #1 !" "

1 * #

+ # # *@ # #1" #1 " 7 " " *"; + * 0

"+!*# # /" * ! 0 " *"; # ! # # !! #E

0 # "* *" # # 0 " *"; + * *" 0 " # , # @ 1"# . A @ ω !E F1 + J ? 7 /0 ? # " #+" 0 * " "!" # "

0 #1 A " # 0 !0" +" 1# " # "!! E#+" *" # 0#!/# 0 0 " #

A @ " :

≈ " ω ,=

ω ω ,= ≈ ω / J 4 , 4.

" 0 / *" # 0#! 7 0 " # A @ " ; +#

+ 0 0 # 92 ° " 1 /" * +"E#+#B ;" /# 0"

+# #+#B *# 1 #+ 0 /# 0 "!" # "!!*# " # 0

0 #1 #! # * 0 #1 Z ; [7 " ** / :

+ ' 7

.

7

.

(47)

! 1, 9 ' ) % > % >

(48)

0 "* "!" # " " 0 * " # "* *" ;" :

.7 = . + + + , − β . ' , .

1 + # "* *" ;" 0 ;" /# 0 A # + # 1 0 "!! E#+" # :

ω ≈ β

.7

, 2.

1 + # "* *" ;" 0 ! # *@ "* *" " # A @ "

0 #1 ; =# 0 0 !" "+ # !*" 7 0 +"# 0 #1

#! # * # 1 ! 1 + J " 7 "* *" # 1 0 7 * # 1 !

J=7 "* *" # 1 0 /# 0 7 " # # 1 0 " " ;" "** 0 0

!" "+ "** 0 " # # 0 # #

0 " #*# @ 0# #1 #! /" # # ! #;* # 0 ! 1# 1

" "** * # 0 # # 0 #1 !" /" " 0 /# 0 "* !" "+

# #1" /0 0 0 " # * 1 0 " ! / +!# " 0"

0 /" +"** '# 0 +# #+"* * 1 0 / "* # + " # #

+ 0 1"# A # + 0 # # 7 /" ";* # 0 + " #E " +

+@ 0 #1 " #";* / +@ /"@ 0 10 0 # 1 " 0 0

!" "+ 7 /" "# ;@ 0 !" # "* *#+# 0 ) $ µ+ 0 * 1@

0 ** /# 1 A " # 7 # ;@> ( C)D7 /" 1"# # #10 # 0 #

! +" 0 # # :

(49)

4

) = β

#/

.

γ , + γ

γ ,

ω ω ,?

+ γ γ ,

4 + ω

ω ,@ + ω ω ,@

+ 2 + ω

ω ,@

, 3.

0# A " # # # " 0" !# 1 0 0 " " # 0 # # +"** "

+!" 1 + / * # '# ; 01 + " 1 + " "# ;@ 0

#1 # # 7 / # #1" 0 ! / +!# " !" # "* #+!*# " # +# #+#B# 1 1 +4 7 1 + " 1 +2 7 " # " 0" !# 1 0 +"** #+! 0

! / ! +" " / ** " 0 # ! +" = 0" /# 0# 0 !" # "*

*#+# 0 0 * 1@7 ) 4 /" " " ";* 0 # 1 +4 J1 + " ) / * ;

" ";* 1 + J1 + " 1 +2 J1 +

+"# # 1 #1 ; 7 "1"# 7 ;@ # 1 0 " *"; #1 # +

" 0 0 + * # " #";* #1 !" 0" / 0" # 7 11 J -7 /"

+# ; "!! E#+" *@ J ))) +# #+#B ! / =# 0"** 0 * #

# 0" 7 / !* 0 0 10 4 " " #

+ ' . 7

* # 1 # 5#1 4 ; * /:

(50)

! + , ' ' + ,

0 " *"; ! 1 "+ 0" 1 " 0# !* /" ! * " ;*" " @ ** # 0

#1 !" 0" /" #+!" # "* + 0 " ! # 0" 1 + J /" "*#B";* " @

0 * # 1 # / * ; #+! #;* #+!" # "* " @ 0 " 5

E"+!* 7 / 0 # "** / # /# 0 1 " 0" 4)) µ+ 5 0# " 7 / 0 0" " # # ; /* 0"! 7 ; " 0"! 0" 0" " +# #+ + "* 1 0

11 J -7 "E# 7 ; "** #+!" # "* "* "* 1 0 11 J, H . "E# 0 #!

"* " +" # "**@! " # "** 1 " 0 * / ! / !" # "* #1 :

C+ 7 + 7 +47 + 7 +2D F O /,) 297 ) )4 27 ) )) 7 ) $ )37 ) $ )37 ) 47 ) 7 ) 7 0.

0 # "* "* + 0# ! " , / #1 # # " #1# .:

(51)

2

= F )) µ+

= F4$ µ+

=4 F2) µ+

= F4) µ+

=2 F4) µ+

0 " F$)) µ

"#* F ) µ

0# ! # 7 0 # # # 5#1 3 /" #+ *" " +# 0" #1 #! /"

# +# 1 ! /# 0 " ";* "* 0 1"# /" 7 " 0 !" ;"

! +" + ! # # " # 0 # /" E + *@* /7 * " # 1 !* @ + #

0 # ; 1 0 ;#" # # @

0 !;" " " # ! # # " # /" + 7 +# 1 ; "!! E#+" *@44

# " 42 ! 0 # #1" # 7 # /" 0" 0 !0" +" 1# /"

) °7 0 " 1 92 ° / 7 # 4 /" @ # 0 # # 7 " 0 "#

"!" # " 4 / * 0" 0 " # 1 0 !0" +" 1# 7 /

8 1+ 0# #* 0 # # /" +!*

$ ' $, $

* "1 # # # ;#" # # /" #1 1 " & H& & /0 & # ) 2

& ' " ' # # ' ) $ T+ +#E #1 "* ! 0 * 1@

, ) $+ . " & & /" 0 ; 2) +& " ' # A # " & (' ,F

(52)

3

& H& & . 2 & " <)) +& " ' # 32) +& " $)) +&

0#! 0 " J ) /" 1 " " & # 1 0

#1 " # # 5#1 ;#" 0 " # 7 " " # # ;@ "

# 0# 0 + ! # " 0#10 /# 1 " ;#" CD # 5#1

# # " " # " ! " # 0 # 1# 0 #B 0 +! #

+;# " # +# 0 * "1 7 & (' 7 /0# 0 # ;#" ; A

"1 5#1 2 0 / 0 " "* ;#" # 1 ;* 7 /0# 0 1 " " ;#" "

+#

=J -

!!"

(53)

9

!( + + #

(54)

$

!$ '

(55)

<

4 $ , $ $

0 " # ! * " " " ) +& !# 0 / # 5#1 9

0 ! ; 1# " )) " " "+!*# 1 ! # # \< 32 0# " 7 ) U

@ "+# *# 1 # # + = "* " "* 0 " # #+ *" # 5

*" 1 ! 7 0 *# 1 " 1 ; @ ) U7 ; # 1 " 0" ) 2 )U

0 ! # # "!!*# " # 0" "+ #1 # 1 7 0" ! 1 " 0" ) +& # !" # # ! #1 "* # 0 !" ;"

!- , , ' ' 1/8

5 5#1 , $.7 " # ! #1 "* /" 0 0" # # "**@ *#! " 0 ! 0#

* " *@ 0 / 0 1 " 1 0 0 * " 0 +"E#+ + !

(56)

2)

/# 1 # /# 0# * 0" 2 +& 0 !!*@ "#* 0# #1 "* 0 / + " # "

# # " 0#10 # * * 7 " 0" ; ! # *@ #

5#1 $ = 1 , *)

* * ! !* 0 # + #" # # 0 / # !4 0 *

* !1"# " ;" /# 0"1 ! *@/# 0 0 * 0 #1 ! # 1 0

" *"; + * 0 !0" +" 1# # ) ° 0# # #10 " 1 " 0# " 92 ° !0"

+" 1# 0 # "* "#* " !*" /# 0 4" " 4;7 /0# 0/#** #

" "# "!" # " 0" /#** " !0" +" 1#

(57)

2

5#1 < . , 6 , ' % &

5#1 ) # 0 * * ! ! 47 +!* /# 0 0 ;#" # # @ 0#

#+ *" # # # " " ! ;* + /# 0 0 1"# 0" /" ! #* 0 ;#" # # /" # 0# !* " "**@ 0 / " # " # 0 !0" +" 1# 7 /0 /

0 * ; # 1 " " + ) ° "!! E#+" *@92° / 7 0 0"! 0 +"1 # !* # # " 0 ;" /# 0 0" + 0" / " * # 1 # #

! 0 ! ;* + # /# 01"# 7 " 0# ! ;* + # " ;@ 0 0# / #E 7 0 1"# +" 1# / * ;

0 # # !" "+ * 0 10 " * + *# 1 " # 1 " *"; " 0 0

+ * # " #";* #1 !" * " #1 0" + "** 0 ! # # " # ! *@

(58)

2

! 5 , , ' , 1/8

(59)

24

8 4 9 &

! "

5#1 3 0 / 0 +!* /0# 0 ;#" 1 + # 1 / "

; 0 #A * ; +;# " # " * " " /# 0 0 ** /# 1

" " 1 + " 0 # "1

( ' 1/8'

0 # " 0 # "* # # 5#1 2 "+ + ; "!!# 1 " " **" # 5#1 2 0 / 0" # *" 1 # "* " ; " 0 0 @ " @# * " *

;#" # # 0# ! * 1@ * # " # "* , . 1 ; / 0 1" /0# 0

0 * # /# 0 ! # " + # 0 # 0

F1 + , MM ) . ,2 .

(60)

2

# # #*#B# 1 " * ;#" *# # 5#1 2 /#** " " ++ + ;"

" **" # 0 1"# 0# #1 " # # + " *@0#10

( 8

+ 1"# " ; ; "# ;@ " **" # 5 0# ! ! 7 /

# #"* # '5 / 0 + ! # " # #"* +"** #1 "*

# " J1 + !*# 1 0 + " " ! # # ;" "+!*# # /# 0 /

"1 " * 7 0 # #"* # " ; + 1" # ] J1 + 0# 1" #

# " # " #*@ ** 0 10 0 0# # # #**" 7 5

* "1 ** #**" " # /# ;" "+!*# #

(61)

22

# 1 " ! # # # # " /# 0 1" # "** / "*#B" #

" @ # " ; / J1 + " ^ @ 0 # 1 # #B ; "+ " *

# 0 # # 7 /0# 0 * # @0#10 # #"* ! ,# # # /# 0 ))U

+" 0# 1. 0# * " # 0 " # "* * " " # #"* # # 0

" " "1 0# # # # # 0" # 0 # " " **" # 7 #

! " @ ! * 0 # # " 0 / # #"* "1 " ; # *@

!* /# 0 +! " # 0 # "* # # # 0 / # 5#1 2

- " # ; +" 0 " # " +# +" 0 # " 1 "* ! ! 7 0 / 0# # "!!*# " # 7 0" 1# 1 0 #B * " # 0" 1 0 * "

#+! " " 0 0" 1 0 "** ( +

# ! # "

; " ; +" " 1@ # "!!*# /0# 0 * # *"!!# 1 *

1 " # / 7 *"!!# 1 * 0" " #E "+ *"@/0# 0"

0 G # # @ # 1 0 * / " 0 #A C4D #; ; * /7

/# 0# 1 " # " ; +" " " " 0 /# 0# 1 " # " ; +" * /

/ 0 + " ! ! ; " # **";#*# @ * / # " 0#10

# /# 0

# 0 + ," *# # 5#1 2 .7/0 1 0#107 " ! * 1 " 1 " "

0#10! * /# 0" 0#10 " # * ! # 7 /0# 0 0 )))) "

0 /# 0'= /0# 0 & 0 1" ' E

* 7 " " " 0 ! /# 0 / /0# 0

(62)

23

) < & ' 1" " ;@ # /0# 0# *#10*@ 0 '

0 E !7 0 " " 0 E " '= 0# !

# #* 0 " 0 # *" 7 # 1 0 *" '= 7 /0# 0

) & 0 ' 1" 7 /0# 0 0" ' # **@

(!* ) %

0# + 0 ** 0#10 # /# 0 ;@ **# 1 # 1" * "1

# "* # ! /0# 0 * 0 , . ;@ # /0# 0# # *@ *

0 * / # " @;#1 ' # !! 0 *" 1 "+

" "* ; *"@ ;@ 0# + 0 7 /0# 0 0 *! ! 0 /# 0# 1

" # 1 " 0 /# 0# 1 0 ! / !!*@

' :;/'

:;<'

:;='

:;>'

'=

&O(

- -

& O

& O '=

'=

'=4 '=

'=$

'=< O

0 '=)

'=

) 0#!* "

/

-%

(63)

29

'/# 0# 1 0 ! / !!*@ * # " 0#10! / , . #1 "* 1 "

;@ ;* #1 "* # /# 0 G * 0 ! * /

#1 "* " 0#10 #1 "* " 0 ! )))) * 0 !/"

# 1 0 =0 # 0#107 0 # # + ;@ /# 0

@ * 1 =0 0 ! " 0 ) ) # ! 7 " "@ " ) )

#* # 0#10

0 ! # 0 0 /0# 0# ! #;* # 1 "

!" # *" /# 0 " # 1 0 0 # 1 " !" # *" /# 0 "

!" # *" * "1 0 1" 0 0#10 # /# 0

0 0#10 # /# 0 ; /0#* 0 #1 "* # 0#10" # /#** ; /0

F ) =0 #1 "* # " , F ).7 # 0 ! 7 /0# 0 0

" * "* ))))

0 # # / 0 * 5#1 2 # 1 " # 1 ;

"!!*# 1" **# 1 0 0 0#10 # /# 0 "

"* ; 1 " + " " * "1 " " # " ! #"* # #

" " 1 +

1 " " ; *# " ;@ 0" # 1 +"** ! #"* ! # ; 1# # 1

" *" 1 ! #"* ! *"

! / !7 ;* 1 " " 0#10! * /0# 0 0 ! ))))

0 '=) " '= '= ) /0# 0 & * "1 1"

0#10 # /# 0 # 1 0" # /#** ; **@ =0 1 0#10 #

" 0 " " ! # 1 /# 0 @ # # 1 * 1

(64)

2$

! ))) 0" 0 /#** '= " 0 /# 0

/0# 0/#** ) & 1" ' 0# ! /#** " # + "*

0#10 # /# 0 =0 " 0 " "* ) ) # /#** '= ) "

0 0 /# 0 # 1 /# 0 '= ) /#** ( 0 1" 7

# 1 0" /# 0# **@ 0 /#** ! # 1 " " 0# 1 "

"* ) ) #* # 0#107 /0# 0 0" #* # 0#107 #

* / /#** 0 7 " 0 /0 * ! /#** " "1"#

*"@ 0 " 1 " "* 7 " / * @ * & " ;

' /0# 0/#** 0" /#** +"# ; /# 0

((* ) 6 ) '

-%

'=) '= '= '=4 '=< '= ) '= ) '= ) '= ) '= ) '=)

) 4 < ) ) ) )

) )

@ 0

(65)

2<

" 0 #+!* + " # 7 0#10 # ' /# 0# #+!* + # 1 "* +"**

' /# 0 /0# 00" "** 0 1 0 " "** 0 "#

1 0 (" " # # # "**@ ** * 0 * / "

($A* ) 6 %%

& O

& O

&

&

&

&

5 5 5

5

5

(66)

3)

(-* ) 6 ) ' '

5#1 2 $ 0 / 0 #+ *" # * # * / " # "

(3 '' * ) ' ''

5 O

5 O

5 O

& O

(67)

3 -- " 4 ?$ ,

# "* ;"* /" " " ++ + ;" ;* /0# 0 ; #1

# 0

5#1 2 < 0 / 0 !* * 0 #1 /0# 0 # "* ++ + ;"

+!# # 1 " # "* ;"* " " * "1 ** " 0 / # 5#1 2 ) 5#1 2 0 / # "* ;"* 0 +" #

(4/ , 1/8

( 5 ' + # ,

(68)

3

( % +

$

; #* # * 0 + " ; #+!* + + " ! " ! " #!!* "

" "1 * "1 # 1 0 ** /# 1 0 + C D:

(69)

34

( A #

" ! " " "** @ 0 # ! #1 "* 1 " " ! * /0 "

! " * "1 # " # # # / ! :

# ! " #1 "*

" + ! " ! " * "1

0 ! " # " ; " 0# ;@ "+!*# 1 0 # ! #1 "* /# 0 / +" 0

"!" # , F . " # # " #+ ,_ " _ . " +!" # 1 0 ! #"*

* ! " 0 "!" #

(70)

3

A( # ) '

0 # ! #1 "* # " + # "**@ # 1 0 #+ "+ 7 " # "

+ # "**@ # 1 0 #+ "+ 0 " # # ; / 0 / #+ "+ #

0 #+ /0 # ! #1 "* " 0 # ! " "*

=0 "!" # # # ! " 0 # " _ 7 "!" # /#** 0 * 0

0" 1 0 ! # _ "+!* 0 7 # 1 #+ "+ /0 0 # !

# # "* #1 "* # + # "**@ # " # 17 "!" # /#** "*/"@ 0" " 0#10

! #"* 0" "!" # 7 # 1 0 *" 0 +!" " ; * / " # ! 0

*" 0 +!" " /#** # 0 * " * / #* 0 # ! # # "* #1 "* " 0

# ! " "* # 1 #+ "+ /0 0 # ! # # "* #1 "* # + # "**@

" # 17 "!" # /#** "*/"@ 0" " * / ! #"* 0" "!" # 7 # 1 0

*" 0 +!" " ; 0#10" # !

(71)

32

* / 0#10 " # # " 0 *" 0 +!" " /#** ";* 0 /# 0 ! * 1 " 1 " " ! * ,0#10 " * @ * . # *" # ! #1 "* +

"!" # 4 " +!" 0 ! #"* * ! " & E , A 2 . /# 0 0

* "1

& ? F& H,& & . F& H # #"* #1 "* "+!*# ,2 .

0 /# 0 ! * 1 " "*#B # 5#1 2 # # 1 1 " ! " ! *

, # *@0#10 * @ * . ! " #

( ! ' , #

'#+#*" *@7 0 ! * 1 " " ; + # # "**# 1 1 " ! " ! *

"** @ # 7 " 0 / # 5#1 2 2

( ( '

(72)

33

> "" @

*7 " 0 " 0 #A # ! # 0# 0 # ;" 1 + # 1 "

++ + ;" 7 /0# 0 # " "* " # 0 E! # = " 5

0 #A

0 / 0 #A # " ; * # + " " " # # @! # # / /0# 0 *

# * / " @+ ;#* "!!*# " # A # " + *" 0# 0 ;" ;" #1 "*

" 0#10 " A # A @ " "* 1 ! # 1 7 0# #

"!!*# " # = # " # ";* 0 #A " # /#** # /# 0# 1 # 7 /0# 0 /#** ; "*#" ;" ;" 7 * # 1 # ! @ + * * '

0 ! # # " 0 #; # 0# / # * :

( " # 1 " !0" 0 # # 1 " "

# 8 # 1 # 0 ! ! #!!* 8 #

# @# 1 " # ";* 0 #A +! " +! " # ! * "1

" #" # " / ** " * "* " 1* ;"* # +# +" 0 4 +! " # 1 +! " " #" # " 0 0#!

# # 1 # " # 0# / / * ; *#";#*# @ # 1 0 !

0 #A # * # 1 " **" # " / ** " #+!* + " # " # 1 0 1 +

# 1 + 0" # + # 7 0 !# #!* ! " # # 7 ; #** ;

+ " ;@+" " # 1 0 # # " # 1 # E # # # " # /"

# 1 # # #+ *" 7 0 / " # # "* " "*@ # ;" ! " #" # /"

; @ 0 ! 0# 0 #

(73)

39

A # $ $ ,

A $ ? $B $ $ 5 ##

A C $, ,

A $ ,

# . - 6 -%6-36-76-80D;;;

#E ),, E E! E #6 ,,%E 6;;;

,,7E 6* 6*!6,-3E,- 6,-7E,- 6;;;

,-8E,- 6 +

A

A ! # $

A -$ F$ $!6?$

A -$ 1$ $ # - # $ $B

! ; D 3: G 8H

A # ?$ $ $ , -$ # - $?

A !! I #! J $ -

! ; #D=;8K ! ; H

! ; D 3K ! ; H

! ; D=;<K ! ; H

A ?$ 2 - - # - #

(74)

3$

A # $ $B - $ G $

A -

! ;# D%:: >H

! ; D%K!K ! ;#H

! ;!- D=8K!1 <:H

! ; D;:: H

A # - ,$ $ 6#,-1 L :6

A ,-1, D%:6; <# " $ "

A ##

;* D* H

;*!D*!H

;,-3E,- D,-3E,- H

;,-7E,- D,-7E,- H

;,-8E,- D,-8E,- H

A -$ -%# ?$ ! $ -$ , 2 -

!ID ! ; K$ )! ;!-+H

-%;# D !IK31 )%K!+H

(75)

3<

A ! , 1 ,,$ 1 ,,# # $

A !#

, E ,,D ! ) ;* 6;;;

; , E ,,6 ;* +H

! , E ,,D ! ) ;* 6;;;

;! , E ,,6 ;*!+H

E ,,D ! ) ;* 6;;;

; E ,,6 ;* +H

! E ,,D ! ) ;* 6;;;

;! E ,,6 ;*!+H

A -$ $ # $-! #

A #

? $D ! ; #1 ) )! ; #M ! ; + ;;;

K) M ,, E E! E #K) M! , E ,,+++H

A -$ $ $! $ $ ? ?B

A $-! #

D)! ; M) G ? $+K ! ; # + 1 ;;;

) G E ,,K ,,%E G ! E ,,K;;;

,,7E +H

A $ $ ,- # - G -8?$ ,

(76)

9)

A ! # $ $

A - ,- ?$ ?$ 2 -

- ;,- D ! ; K 1 ? $H

A -%,- ?$ !- 2 - $ $ , N ?N

-%;,- D%K!K-%;#K ,,%E K H

-3;,- D- ;,- K ;,-3E,- H

-7;,- D- ;,- K ;,-7E,- H

-8;,- D- ;,- K ;,-8E,- H

A ,,!$ $- ?$ , N ? N

- ; ,,D ,, E E! E #K)! ; M ! ; #+H

-%; ,,D ,,%E K H

A - # # B - $ !

- ;# D- ;,- 1 )%K!K- ; ,,+H

A # !$ $- $ -!

A $ $ !

- ;,- D !E,- ) 6O !O 6;;;

;*!6- ;#+H

-%;,- D !E,- ) 6OO 6;;;

(77)

9

;* 6-%;#+H

- ; D- ;,- 1 - ;,- H

-%; D-%;,- 1 -%;,- H

- ; D !E ) 6O !O 6 ;*!6;;;

- ;,- +H

-%; D !E ) 6OO 6 ;* 6;;;

-%;,- +H

- ;9 D- ; 1 - ; H

-%;9 D-%; 1 -%; H

-3; D- ; M-%; H

-7; D-%; H

-8; D-%; H

-3;,- D-3;,- 1 -3; H

-7;,- D-7;,- 1 -7; H

-8;,- D-8;,- 1 -8; H

-3; D !E ) 6OO 6 ;* 6;;;

-3;,- +H

(78)

9

-7; D !E ) 6O !O 6 ;*!6;;;

-7;,- +H

-8; D !E ) 6O !O 6 ;*!6;;;

-8;,- +H

-3;# D !E#) 6OO 6 ;* 6-3;,- +H

-7;# D !E#) 6O !O 6 ;*!6-7;,- +H

-8;# D !E#) 6O !O 6 ;*!6-8;,- +H

- ;, D- ;,- 1 !) ;*!6;;;

;* 6- ;#6 ;!#6 ;!,-, +H

-%;, D-%;,- 1 !) ;* 6;;;

;* 6-%;#6 ; #6 ; ,-, +H

-3;, D-3;,- 1 !) ;* 6;;;

;* 6-3;#6 ; #6 ; ,-, +H

-7;, D-7;,- 1 !) ;*!6;;;

;* 6-7;#6 ;!#6 ;!,-, +H

-8;, D-8;,- 1 !) ;*!6;;;

;* 6-8;#6 ;!#6 ;!,-, +H

-3;9 D-3; 1 -3; H

-7;9 D-7; 1 -7; H

-8;9 D-8; 1 -8; H

(79)

94

A $ $ !,$

:D? $K- ;,- 1 )) - ;, M-3;, + 1 ;;;

) M-%;,- 1 -%;, + M-8;, 1 ;;;

) M-7;,- 1 -7;, ++H

A # , $ 6$ , B

A -- 6 , $ $

A # , !$ J $ $?

A -! $ $ , ;

A #- ;,- L%:P P-%;,- L%:P P;;;

A -3;,- L%:P P-7;,- L%:P P;;;

A -8;,- L%:

A - ; D $ H -%; D $ H -3; D $ H

A -7; D $ H -8; D $ H

A

A #- ;9 L3:: G>

A -3; D $ H

A

(80)

9

8 '

(81)

92

8 ' !

(82)

93

8 ' !

(83)

99

8 ! ' !

(84)

9$

8 ( ' !(

(85)

9<

8 $ ' !$

(86)

$)

8 - ' (4

8 3 ' ( 5

(87)

$

8 4 ' (

(88)

$

CD ( 1 **# 7 Z 23 7 - / * # 7 * " ' "

# 7 ![' ))<

CD " # 1 " #";* ! 0" " # # /# / # +

/# 1@ 0 " 1 / ; # : 0 !:JJ/// /# 1@ 0

" 1JO# * J!# !0!`*1F a +!O# F $a " O+ F$J 4J ))<

C4D 4< " " 0 0 !:JJ/// E ; +J! J" J 4< !

CD 0" 7 *" " ;;# , ))9. / * # : 7

"!!*# " # " #1 =#* @ #"

C2D 0 !" # "* #1 " ; ;@6 0 "0 C *# D "#*";* : 0 !:JJ /0# 1J )J+"*"@ #"J# O#"O! *J! ))$J" 0" O #"* !

C3D "@+ 7 Z +@ # @# 1 '/# 0# 1 / ' !!*# [7 ))2

C9D ' ! / : ' ' "* # # C *# D7 "#*";* :

0 !:JJ # 1 " J\ " J! O0+*J 0)9 J 0)9 ! 0+b#

C$D 7 6 7 Z " # "* +! " "*@ # /# 0+ ! / !!*# [7 7 ))3

C<D "* ' 0 ** " 6 1 " "7 "E#+ 1 " C *# D

"#*";* :

0 !:JJ! / * # +J! / O @ + J O O J! / O;

O #1 O +@ #

(89)

$4

C)D # ! / !!*# C *# D "#*";* :

0 !:JJ/// " # "* +J" J J 223 !

C D %" " 1 - 17 Z ' & * "1 " = #10 S& ('

' - / ! -# " 1 *" [7 6 ' *# ' " # # 7 & -

4$7 7 6" ))47 3 2)

C D =#** @ '" 7 Z "* 1 #1 #"* [7 '!# 1 ))$

C4D ; = # 7 Z5 "+ "* / * # [7 %* / " +#

;*# 0 7

C D " " " 07 Z / * # # # [7 6 0 =#* @" ' 7 ))

C2D 0B" "B" #7 Z #1 "* 1 ' 1 " # # [7 " " ( "/

#**7 ))4

C3D ' 0" 8 7 Z) 2 & "* 1 # # 0 #A " 0 # !!*# " # #

" 5#* #1 [7 6 ' *# ' " # # & * )7 7 !! 494 4$97

))2

C9D 7 +" 7 Z - [7 9 !! < 7 5"** ))<

C$D ' # # 1 Z 243 - # " "*@ # : * " ' " # 7

![-4 437 5 ))$

C<D +" 7 Z 4 2 &-' '#1 "* # # # 1 # # [7 03 !! $97 ' ) )

C)D >" 1 ( * E Z5 * " # "*@ # " #1 A " # [7

4 2 # / # 97 !! <7 ' ) )

(90)

$

C D ' "**@" Z #1 ! 5 **@ # #"* 5 * " '

! " # "* +!*# # [7 6 ' *# ' " # # & * 7 37 !! 949 94<7 <$<

C D ;0"@ "# " 6 @' 7 Z #10 +" # " 2 0

**#!# '/# 0 "!" # -" 5#* [ 4 2 ' " # # @ 8

7 6 ) )

C4D ;0"@ "# " (#**# 10"+7 Z'* / " * " - " '/# 0[7 ' J <<$<) " 1 $7 ))$

C D "# "*7 Z'#1 "* # # # 1 !# "* # [7 ' "

'922 )9< 6 4)7 ))<

C2D 6 # ;; 7 Z 2 ( B7 $&7 &" #";* ("# 7 # # 0 @ !

+!*# # [7 ))2 ' ( ' 5

))27 3 2 3 $

C3D 0+ " 0# * # 7 Z 5 **@ "*" # #"* =# 0

++ 5 /" " 0 ++ 5 ;" [7

6 - 5 ' - ' '7 & - 4$7 7 - ))47

334 33$

C9D 6 " ("*" 7 Z' ! *" =# 0 "!# #" # 1 " @ "+#

! ' "*# 1[7 ' ' '

'>' 'c : ( - '7 & - 2 7 47 ))97 <

29

C$D "* "+ 7 Z' +# 0@ # " # " # # #!* [7

( "/ #**7 4 7 ))4

References

Related documents

For students enrolled 2012-2017 these credits consist of 60 ECTS credits of courses divided between mandatory courses and core elective courses as stipulated below, 30 ECTS

The requirement for independent elective courses (open or advanced) can also be fulfilled through successful participation in one of the approved optional program components

The combined organic phases were washed with brine 2 × 50 ml, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated to yield crude 1 as yellow crystals 9.0 g, 98% crude yield NMR of the crude product

Keywords: Photonics, magnetoplasmonics, magneto-optics, magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE), plasmon ruler, nickel, cobalt, gold, silicon, localized surface plasmon

The proposed shadow effect determination method uses simulated wind speed deficits in conjunction with observed wind distributions to quantify the shadow effect, with regard to both

decrease in fan-outs. This also affects the state registers in communication clock domain and there is now less chances of state disorder which was one of the main contributors in

It discusses the impact of these transnational conflicts on Christian-Muslim relations in Nigeria in the light of the implementation of the Sharia Law in some

In the European Commission document for Country Profile Key Indicators (2015), quality of governance is included as one of the main sections. As discussed in the literature review