multi i N: DFT, section N: LPC, section

(1)

VOWEL i

Vowel ID AUDITORY ANALYSIS FORMANT PATTERN

Voicing and timbre Visual impression of energy Formant F1 F2 F3

P. 0 P. 1 P. 2 P. 3 P. 4 P. 5 mean start end diff distribution in F-pattern measurements start end change start end change start end change

F E M A L E

FM16i 225 226 222 225 225 225 225 53 53 0% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak weak strong weak weak

0% 0% -2% 0% 0% 0% N: DFT, section 310 321 4% 2566 2446 -5% 3409 3409 0%

N: LPC, section 260 280 8% 2520 2480 -2% * 3390 *

FM28i 228 224 223 220 222 221 222 51 47 -8% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak strong strong weak weak

fem. multi i1 2% 0% 0% -2% -1% -1% N: DFT, section 281 301 7% 2506 2486 -1% 3629 3308 -9%

N: LPC, section 240 290 21% 2530 2460 -3% 3580 3250 -9%

FM39i 230 225 222 223 222 221 223 51 48 -6% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak strong strong weak weak

fem. multi i2 2% 0% -1% -1% -1% -2% N: DFT, section 301 321 7% 2466 2506 2% 3649 3027 -17%

N: LPC, section 250 290 16% 2450 2450 0% 3700 * *

CS52i 227 222 220 220 219 218 220 53 48 -9% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak strong weak weak weak

fem. sag 1 2% 0% -1% -1% -1% -2% N: DFT, section 281 301 7% 2506 2406 -4% 3368 3409 1%

N: LPC, section 250 300 20% 2505 2450 -2% 3420 3530 3%

CS63i 252 252 247 246 240 247 246 54 50 -7% N/P: Vis. analysis strong weak strong strong weak medium

fem. sag 2 0% 0% -2% -2% -5% -2% N: DFT, section 301 321 7% 2506 2446 -2% 3008 2988 -1%

N: LPC, section 260 260 0% 2560 2310 -10% * 3230 *

CS74i 256 253 252 249 250 250 251 55 52 -5% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak weak strong weak weak

1% 0% 0% -2% -1% -1% N: DFT, section 347 341 -2% 2449 2466 1% 3449 3228 -6%

N: LPC, section 250 250 0% 2330 2380 2% 3580 3420 -4%

M A L E

DM22i 126 125 125 125 127 124 125 56 57 2% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak medium strong strong strong

1% 0% 0% 0% 2% -1% N: DFT, section 241 261 8% 2065 2186 6% 2988 3068 3%

N: LPC, section 240 240 0% 2080 2200 6% 2970 3000 1%

DM33i 128 128 128 126 126 127 127 59 57 -3% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak strong strong strong strong

male multi i1 0% 0% 0% -2% -2% -1% N: DFT, section 204 221 8% 2245 2265 1% 3143 3108 -1%

N: LPC, section 230 230 0% 2200 2310 5% 3180 3100 -3%

DM44i 128 127 125 126 124 126 126 63 53 -16% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak strong strong strong medium

male multi i2 1% 0% -2% -1% -2% -1% N: DFT, section 224 220 -2% 2224 2286 3% 3142 3047 -3%

N: LPC, section 240 240 0% 2220 2270 2% 3100 3030 -2%

DS56i 141 141 133 132 135 131 134 55 55 0% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak strong strong strong strong

male sag i1 0% 0% -6% -6% -4% -7% N: DFT, section 220 240 9% 2205 2205 0% 3107 3007 -3%

N: LPC, section 250 250 0% 2250 2250 0% 3110 3170 2%

DS67i 117 116 111 109 110 110 111 65 52 -20% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak strong strong strong strong

male sag i2 1% 0% -4% -6% -5% -5% N: DFT, section 204 201 -1% 2143 2266 6% 3122 3108 0%

N: LPC, section 240 240 0% 2260 2300 2% 3120 3120 0%

DS78i 113 113 111 114 110 107 111 57 55 -4% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak strong strong strong strong

0% 0% -2% 1% -3% -5% N: DFT, section 221 265 20% 2145 2347 9% 3108 3102 0%

N: LPC, section 240 240 0% 2210 2360 7% 3100 3100 0%

Pressed / strained voice at start, modal at end. Less sharp at end.

F1 weak, other Fs strong. Continuous F2 rise. F3F4 amalgamation after 1/2 V (with voice quality change), F4 steady, F3 more unstable.

Voicing somewhat disturbed in quality at end, possibly by phlegm. Minimal timbre change.

Voicing modal /pressed at start, getting weaker.

Sharper at start. Minimal timbre change.

Voice somewhat breathy from 1/2 vowel, and unstable towards end . Sharper at start. Timbre change, more spread?

F1 weak, F2F3 strong. F4 less well defined when voice gets weaker, not possible to measure at end.

F1 weak, other Fs strong. F3F4 falling and moving closer together at end.

F1 weak. F2 strong. F3F4 strong, well defined at start, after 3 s weaker, falling, moving closer to each other, less well defined.

A little unstable voicing. Varying in sharpness. Moving direction CV2?

Uniform voicing, modal to pressed. Sharper at end = closer / tenser?

A little unstable with voice.

Uniform voicing, modal to pressed. Sharp all through.

Minimal timbre change.

F1 weak. F2 and F3 strong. F4 less well defined from 1/3 onwards.

F1 weak, other Fs strong. F2 not well defined at first 1/2 of vowel, then rising and better defined.

Unstable voicing first second, then uniform. Somewhat breathy. "Sharper" at start = tenser?

Somewhat breathy, a little pressed at end. Moving back. Lips less spread at end?

F2 falling. F3F4 not easily separabile, both unstable.

F2 F4 strong at start. F3 possibly unstable.

Uniform voicing. Getting somewhat weaker towards end. Somewhat breathy. Moving direction CV2.

Uniform voicing. Somewhat breathy. Moving direction CV2. Sharpness at end.

F1 and F3 weak. F2 strong. F3 might drop but it is impossible to observe. F4 weak at end.

F1 and F3 weak. F2 strong. F4 weak at end.

FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY ENERGY

Uniform voicing. Clean closure voice quality, modal on the limit to pressed /strain. Moving direction CV2.

Sharpness at start.

F1 and F3 weak. F2 weak at start. F4 strong.

(2)

VOWEL y

F E M A L E

FM25y 228 227 222 222 224 224 224 52 50 -4% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak weak weak medium medium

fem. multi y1 0% 0% -2% -2% -1% -1% N: DFT, section 281 281 0% 2667 2426 -9% 3288 3047 -7%

N: LPC, section 260 260 0% 2670 2470 -7% 3340 2940 -12%

FM36y 214 220 222 225 226 223 223 50 48 -4% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak medium weak weak weak

fem. multi y2 -3% 0% 1% 2% 3% 1% N: DFT, section 301 301 0% 2526 2526 0% 3068 2967 -3%

N: LPC, section 250 250 0% 2450 2450 0% 3020 3020 0%

FM47y 221 222 223 221 221 224 222 51 50 -2% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak medium medium weak weak

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% N: DFT, section 301 321 7% 2466 2386 -3% 3008 3108 3%

N: LPC, section 250 250 0% 2430 2350 -3% 2940 3080 5%

CS60y 252 254 250 253 252 251 252 57 54 -5% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak medium weak strong weak

fem. sag y1 -1% 0% -2% 0% -1% -1% N: DFT, section 327 301 -8% 2449 2426 -1% 3041 2847 -6%

N: LPC, section 260 260 0% 2450 2390 -2% 2900 2900 0%

CS71y 258 253 252 252 255 251 253 50 50 0% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak strong strong weak medium

fem. sag y2 2% 0% 0% 0% 1% -1% N: DFT, section 321 321 0% 2426 2326 -4% 3007 2827 -6%

N: LPC, section 260 260 0% 2370 2300 -3% 2850 2850 0%

CS83y 250 252 253 249 251 247 250 51 52 2% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak weak medium weak medium

-1% 0% 0% -1% 0% -2% N: DFT, section 341 341 0% 2406 2165 -10% 2867 2887 1%

N: LPC, section 260 260 0% 2500 2280 -9% 2890 2890 0%

M A L E

DM30y 124 126 127 126 124 127 126 58 49 -16% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak medium weak medium weak

male multi y1 -2% 0% 1% 0% -2% 1% N: DFT, section 221 241 9% 2021 2125 5% 2531 2466 -3%

N: LPC, section 240 240 0% 2060 2220 8% 2630 2560 -3%

DM41y 125 126 124 124 125 125 125 56 48 -14% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak strong weak strong weak

male multi y2 -1% 0% -2% -2% -1% -1% N: DFT, section 201 225 12% 2065 2142 4% 2546 2388 -6%

N: LPC, section 240 240 0% 2100 2190 4% 2590 2480 -4%

DM52y 119 112 112 112 112 109 111 56 51 -9% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak strong weak strong weak

6% 0% 0% 0% 0% -3% N: DFT, section 241 225 -7% 2105 2061 -2% 2506 2347 -6%

N: LPC, section 240 240 0% 2080 2180 5% 2560 2350 -8%

DS64y 125 123 124 123 121 120 122 57 49 -14% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak weak weak strong strong

male sag y1 2% 0% 1% 0% -2% -2% N: DFT, section 220 204 -7% 1985 2061 4% 2466 2367 -4%

N: LPC, section 230 230 0% 2100 2100 0% 2520 2420 -4%

DS75y 112 109 110 109 111 110 110 52 45 -13% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak strong weak strong weak

male sag y2 3% 0% 1% 0% 2% 1% N: DFT, section 181 245 35% 2065 2061 0% 2506 2449 -2%

N: LPC, section 240 240 0% 2140 2140 0% 2500 2400 -4%

DS86y 113 113 111 110 109 110 111 48 41 -15% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak weak weak strong weak

0% 0% -2% -3% -4% -3% N: DFT, section 204 204 0% 2020 2102 4% 2510 2429 -3%

N: LPC, section 220 220 0% 2000 1950 -3% 2610 2450 -6%

Modal to breathy voicing, weak, getting weaker.

Minimal timbre changes.

F2 very weak. Amalgamation of F2 and F3 during noise, not possible separate but seem stable.

Modal to pressed voicing, effortful start, getting weaker. Small timbre change.

Modal voicing. Less tenseness in rounding at end?

Uniform modal voicing. Sharper at start, holding voice back? Minimal timbre change.

Modal voicing, getting weaker. Less tenseness in rounding at end?

F2 very weak. F3 drops as noise begin. F3, F4 and F5 well defined during 8 s in middle of vowel F2 very weak. F3 F4 move continuously further apart.

Formants less well defined from 1/5. F2 very weak.

F2 very weak. F3 F4 move continuously further apart.

Sound file quality not too good. Modal to breathy voicing. Variation in sharpness, sharper at end, could be amplitude modulation. Timbre change during first 1/2 s of vowel, more rounding?

Uniform modal to pressed voicing, getting much weaker towards end. Sharper at start = possibly more tenseness in rounding at start.

Very weak F2, amalgamation of F2 and F3, not possible to separate during noise. F4 not well defined last 1/4.

F4 unstable or only weakened.

Modal to breathy voicing. Sharpness variation.

Sharpness here = presence of strong F5 at 4400 Hz.

At sharp points vowel sounds unrounded. These timbre differences connected to source?

Uniform modal to breathy voicing. Minimal timbre changes.

Small F2 movement during first 1/2 second, then all stable.

Formants decrease at strong F5 appearance.

Uniform breathy to modal voicing. Possibly less rounding at end.

Breathy to modal voicing. Sharper at end = more modal voice? Minimal timbre changes.

Impossible to identify formants through noise, except for F3 and F4 from 1/2 vowel (P-sound).

F2, F3, F4 sometimes identifiable through noise, but the pattern is very weak, impossible to make stability judgmenet.

Air friction - bad sound quality / breathiness at start.

Sharper at end = stronger / more modal voicing?

Timbre change: sounds more rounded at end.

Only F2 possible to track, seems stable (P-sound).

(3)

VOWEL U

F E M A L E

FM26U 227 223 226 225 224 220 224 56 51 -9% N/P: Vis. analysis medium medium weak weak strong strong

fem. multi U1 2% 0% 1% 1% 0% -1% N: DFT, section 286 261 -9% 2102 1925 -8% 2571 2607 1%

N: LPC, section 250 250 0% 2080 2000 -4% 2690 2560 -5%

FM37U 227 221 223 222 221 221 222 55 48 -13% N/P: Vis. analysis medium medium weak weak strong weak

fem. multi U2 3% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% N: DFT, section 306 321 5% 2000 1925 -4% 2653 2707 2%

N: LPC, section 240 260 8% 2030 1850 -9% 2600 2650 2%

FM48U 232 222 223 221 221 221 222 54 52 -4% N/P: Vis. analysis weak medium weak weak strong strong

5% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% N: DFT, section 306 301 -2% 2082 2005 -4% 2510 2687 7%

N: LPC, section 300 300 0% 2080 2040 -2% 2600 2700 4%

CS61U 207 243 246 239 247 244 244 55 47 -15% N/P: Vis. analysis strong weak weak weak strong weak

fem. sag 1 -15% 0% 1% -2% 2% 0% N: DFT, section 327 341 4% 2265 1925 -15% 2735 2607 -5%

N: LPC, section 270 270 0% 2280 1940 -15% 2650 2580 -3%

CS72U 258 252 248 248 246 251 249 54 53 -2% N/P: Vis. analysis medium weak strong strong medium medium

fem. sag 2 2% 0% -2% -2% -2% 0% N: DFT, section 327 341 4% 2041 2005 -2% 2776 2687 -3%

N: LPC, section 280 280 0% 2100 2020 -4% 2780 2580 -7%

CS84U 262 251 248 247 247 250 249 56 53 -5% N/P: Vis. analysis medium medium weak medium strong weak

4% 0% -1% -2% -2% 0% N: DFT, section 327 361 10% 2163 1945 -10% 2673 2606 -3%

N: LPC, section 270 270 0% 2220 2020 -9% 2760 2680 -3%

M A L E

DM31U 125 131 125 126 128 123 127 54 49 -9% N/P: Vis. analysis medium weak weak medium medium weak

male multi U1 -5% 0% -5% -4% -2% -6% N: DFT, section 281 261 -7% 1584 1564 -1% 2226 2206 -1%

N: LPC, section 270 270 0% 1530 1530 0% 2290 2230 -3%

DM42U 123 123 125 123 125 125 124 53 51 -4% N/P: Vis. analysis medium weak medium medium medium weak

0% 0% 2% 0% 2% 2% N: DFT, section 261 261 0% 1564 1564 0% 2246 2306 3%

N: LPC, section 290 290 0% 1540 1420 -8% 2280 2280 0%

DM53U 116 116 112 112 111 112 113 50 47 -6% N/P: Vis. analysis medium weak medium medium medium weak

male multi U1 0% 0% -3% -3% -4% -3% N: DFT, section 281 255 -9% 1624 1612 -1% 2326 2367 2%

N: LPC, section 290 360 24% 1550 1550 0% 2380 2380 0%

DS65U 123 120 116 112 111 111 114 51 47 -8% N/P: Vis. analysis weak medium weak weak medium weak

male sag U1 3% 0% -3% -7% -8% -8% N: DFT, section 280 265 -5% 1563 1571 1% 2365 2326 -2%

N: LPC, section 280 280 0% 1480 1460 -1% 2420 2420 0%

DS76U 112 113 110 111 108 109 110 50 45 -10% N/P: Vis. analysis medium weak medium weak medium weak

male sag U2 -1% 0% -3% -2% -4% -4% N: DFT, section 281 286 2% 1604 1571 -2% 2326 2347 1%

N: LPC, section 270 270 0% 1550 1550 0% 2490 2440 -2%

DS87U 112 113 112 110 106 110 110 48 43 -10% N/P: Vis. analysis medium medium strong medium strong weak

-1% 0% -1% -3% -6% -3% N: DFT, section 286 265 -7% 1612 1591 -1% 2388 2408 1%

N: LPC, section 250 250 0% 1550 1450 -6% 2400 2400 0%

Modal to breathy voicing, getting weaker. Minimal timbre changes, possibly tighter lips at end.

No resonances reliably visible through noise. In P- sound F2 stable, F4 is falling, F3 not identifiable.

Uniform modal voicing, getting somewhat weaker.

Uniform modal voicing. Minimal timbre changes.

Modal voicing, somewhat unstable. Minimal timbre changes.

Uniform, modal to breathy vocing. Minimal timbre changes.

Only F5 visible through noise. In P-sound F3 not well defined after 5 seconds; F2 and F4 better defined last 1/2 of vowel.

Very stable F-pattern. Impossible to identify formants through noise, but quite well defined at end points. F4 strong.

Well defined formants at start and end, but impossible to identify through noise. In P-sound F3 quite well defined, other formants not.

Impossible to identify formants through noise in N- sound; in P-sound F2 well defined and stable.

Uniform voicing, modal to breathy. Timbre change:

more y at first seconds, then more U - lips?

Uniform modal voicing, getting weaker. Minimal timbre changes.

Impossible to identify formants through noise in N- sound; in P-sound F1, F2, F3 well defined first 1/2 of vowel.

F-pattern stable, except for F2 movement first seconds, falling, then leveling out. F3 strong first 3 seconds, then weaker as F2 gets stronger.

Uniform, modal to breathy vocing. Small timbre change during first second: rounding changes to tighter?

Voicing unstable at start, getting more uniform. Timbre change: more y-lips at start than at end?

F4 not well defined, only at scattered places measurable. F2 and F3 falling continuously.

Very stable pattern except for first second, where F2 is falling. F3 strong, particularily at first half of vowel.

Air friction - bad sound quality at start. Voicing unstable at last part of vowel, probably from exhaustion. Small timbre change but difficult to hear what due to unstable voice.

Breathy to modal voicing. Sharper at end = more modal voice? Minimal timbre changes.

Impossible to identify formants through noise in N- sound; in P-sound F1, F3, F4 well defined and looking stable.

F1 quite well defined. F2 and F4 not identifiable through noise, too weak. F3 well defined at scattered parts through vowel, seems to rise.

Uniform voicing. Small timbre change sounds like change in rounding.

F3 and F4 alternates in being well defined: F3 well defined at first 1/2 and last 1/4 of vowel.

(4)

VOWEL e

F E M A L E

FM17e 232 231 221 224 226 222 225 58 63 9% N/P: Vis. analysis medium strong strong strong weak strong

fem. multi e1 0% 0% -4% -3% -2% -4% N: DFT, section 421 408 -3% 2627 2347 -11% 3549 2878 -19%

N: LPC, section 440 440 0% 2540 2320 -9% 3050 2800 -8%

FM29e 224 221 218 224 222 224 222 59 57 -3% N/P: Vis. analysis strong strong strong strong strong strong

fem. multi e2 1% 0% -1% 1% 0% 1% N: DFT, section 388 401 3% 2388 2306 -3% 3265 2959 -9%

N: LPC, section 450 450 0% 2400 2300 -4% 3150 2950 -6%

FM40e 226 226 225 223 225 225 225 54 55 2% N/P: Vis. analysis strong strong strong strong weak strong

0% 0% 0% -1% 0% 0% N: DFT, section 381 401 5% 2466 2346 -5% 3188 2947 -8%

N: LPC, section 410 410 0% 2480 2330 -6% * 2950 *

CS53e 233 247 243 251 250 237 246 55 53 -4% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak weak strong weak weak

fem. sag 1 -6% 0% -2% 2% 1% -4% N: DFT, section 341 361 6% 2546 2506 -2% 3128 3188 2%

N: LPC, section 320 320 0% 2500 2420 -3% 3100 3250 5%

CS64e 256 257 249 250 248 253 251 56 50 -11% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak strong medium weak weak

fem. sag 2 0% 0% -3% -3% -4% -2% N: DFT, section 367 341 -7% 2469 2429 -2% 3061 3122 2%

N: LPC, section 300 300 0% 2520 2440 -3% 3210 3270 2%

CS75e 259 260 252 249 250 250 252 57 53 -7% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak strong medium weak weak

0% 0% -3% -4% -4% -4% N: DFT, section 347 381 10% 2429 2426 0% 3102 2907 -6%

N: LPC, section 280 280 0% 2330 2260 -3% 3030 3030 0%

M A L E

DM23e 128 124 126 127 127 124 126 68 64 -6% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak strong strong weak weak

male multi e1 3% 0% 2% 2% 2% 0% N: DFT, section 327 327 0% 2082 2225 7% 2429 2612 8%

N: LPC, section 350 330 -6% 2140 2240 5% * * *

DM34e 124 125 123 124 124 124 124 65 60 -8% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak strong strong weak weak

male multi e2 -1% 0% -2% -1% -1% -1% N: DFT, section 327 306 -6% 2163 2265 5% 2551 2633 3%

N: LPC, section 340 340 0% 2220 2290 3% * * *

DM45e 124 124 122 122 124 124 123 67 67 0% N/P: Vis. analysis medium weak strong strong weak weak

0% 0% -2% -2% 0% 0% N: DFT, section 306 306 0% 2122 2306 9% 2408 2775 15%

N: LPC, section 350 350 0% 2180 2340 7% * * *

DS57e 127 129 129 130 128 124 128 69 58 -16% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak * strong strong weak weak

male sag e1 -2% 0% 0% 1% -1% -4% N: DFT, section 346 320 -8% 2142 2305 8% 2469 2446 -1%

N: LPC, section 350 320 -9% 2200 2300 5% * * *

DS68e 116 114 111 111 109 110 111 68 58 -15% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak strong strong weak weak

male sag e2 2% 0% -3% -3% -4% -4% N: DFT, section 347 341 -2% 2225 2285 3% 2469 2506 1%

N: LPC, section 350 350 0% 2200 2330 6% * * *

DS79e 117 114 111 110 110 111 111 65 57 -12% N/P: Vis. analysis weak weak strong strong weak weak

3% 0% -3% -4% -4% -3% N: DFT, section 327 341 4% 2225 2365 6% 2490 2625 5%

N: LPC, section 310 310 0% 2260 2360 4% * * *

Modal to pressed voicing. Clear timbre change, from close to CV1 to close to CV2.

F1 getting stronger. F2 strong and falling. F3 not well defined at start but is decreasing dramatically. F4 unstable.

Modal uniform voicing. Sharper at end. Small timbre difference, sounds more open/back.

Small scattered jumps in voicing. Somewhat breathy.

Timbre stable.

F1 strong and stable. F2 somewhat unstable, with voice? F3 not well defined at start and middle. F4 weak and falling continuously.

F1 strong. F2 less well defined first 1/3 of vowel. F3 less well defined after first 1/3 of vowel. F4 very weak.

Voicing uniform, somewhat breathy. Quality stable but not very e-like; sounds more like rounded CV1.

Uniform voicing, except for small phlegm disturbance at end. Timbre moving slightly backwards.

F2 and F4 strong.

F1 quite weak. F2 stronger at end. F3F4 alternates in amplitude first 1/2 of vowel.

Modal uniform voicing. Minimal timbre changes.

Uniform voicing, modal to pressed . Timbre change, sounds more open.

F3 very weak Very stable pattern.

Uniform modal voicing. Nasality last 1/3 of vowel.

Sounds closer to CV1 at start and CV2 at end.

F3 very weak, decreases.

F3 very weak.

F2 strong and increasing. F3 very weak.

F3 very weak

F4 less well defined from 1/2 of vowel, at change in voicing.

Voice quality modal, from 1/2 of vowel nasalization amd scattered irregularities in voicing.

Modal voicing, last part of vowel scattered irregularities. Minimal timbre change.

First 1/2 uniform modal voicing, then weaker and possibly nasal. Minimal timbre changes.

Uniform voicing, modal to pressed. Timbre closer to CV1 than CV2, start more open than end, or change in sharpness = tenser at end?

(5)

VOWEL oe

F E M A L E

FM27oe 223 222 221 220 224 222 222 57 53 -7% N/P: Vis. analysis strong strong strong weak strong medium

fem.multi oe1 0% 0% 0% -1% 1% 0% N: DFT, section 388 381 -2% 2041 1965 -4% 2653 2627 -1%

N: LPC, section 430 430 0% 2070 2020 -2% 2640 2670 1%

FM38oe 224 222 224 221 220 226 223 57 53 -7% N/P: Vis. analysis strong medium strong medium strong medium

1% 0% 1% 0% -1% 2% N: DFT, section 551 521 -5% 2020 1925 -5% 2653 2647 0%

N: LPC, section 400 400 0% 2040 1950 -4% 2660 2700 2%

FM49oe 210 213 221 225 220 222 220 54 54 0% N/P: Vis. analysis strong strong weak weak strong strong

fem.multi oe2 -1% 0% 4% 6% 3% 4% N: DFT, section 344 391 14% 2203 2129 -3% 2672 2730 2%

N: LPC, section 350 435 24% 2180 2066 -5% 2680 2700 1%

CS62oe 246 248 247 248 249 250 248 56 48 -14% N/P: Vis. analysis strong weak weak weak strong weak

fem. sag oe1 -1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% N: DFT, section 429 461 7% 2143 2045 -5% 2674 2647 -1%

N: LPC, section 480 480 0% 2170 2040 -6% 2700 2700 0%

CS73oe 242 251 250 249 248 248 249 56 53 -5% N/P: Vis. analysis strong weak weak strong strong strong

fem. sag oe2 -4% 0% 0% -1% -1% -1% N: DFT, section 441 420 -5% 2286 2286 0% 2827 2837 0%

N: LPC, section 440 330 -25% 2270 2270 0% 2760 2860 4%

CS85oe 247 252 254 246 251 250 251 58 58 0% N/P: Vis. analysis strong strong weak strong strong strong

-2% 0% 1% -2% 0% -1% N: DFT, section 408 449 10% 2163 2041 -6% 2796 2857 2%

N: LPC, section 450 480 7% 2090 2040 -2% 2760 2760 0%

M A L E

DM32oe 127 129 126 127 127 127 127 63 61 -3% N/P: Vis. analysis strong strong strong strong strong strong

-2% 0% -2% -2% -2% -2% N: DFT, section 510 551 8% 1347 1286 -5% 2245 2367 5%

N: LPC, section 510 540 6% 1380 1240 -10% 2320 2400 3%

DM43oe 125 129 125 125 124 125 126 66 62 -6% N/P: Vis. analysis medium medium strong strong strong strong

male multi oe1 -3% 0% -3% -3% -4% -3% N: DFT, section 571 571 0% 1245 1225 -2% 2286 2347 3%

N: LPC, section 610 610 0% 1270 1250 -2% 2300 2390 4%

DM54oe 110 115 112 111 113 112 113 62 57 -8% N/P: Vis. analysis strong medium strong strong strong strong

male multi oe2 -4% 0% -3% -3% -2% -3% N: DFT, section 510 523 3% 1388 1343 -3% 2301 2307 0%

N: LPC, section 550 550 0% 1350 1290 -4% 2310 2310 0%

DS66oe 113 108 108 108 109 107 108 63 56 -11% N/P: Vis. analysis strong strong strong strong weak medium

male sag 1 5% 0% 0% 0% 1% -1% N: DFT, section 530 551 4% 1224 1265 3% 2387 2387 0%

N: LPC, section 560 560 0% 1240 1240 0% 2350 2440 4%

DS77oe 109 110 108 108 109 108 109 61 53 -13% N/P: Vis. analysis strong medium strong weak strong weak

male sag 2 -1% 0% -2% -2% -1% -2% N: DFT, section 490 541 10% 1347 1363 1% 2367 2426 2%

N: LPC, section 540 540 0% 1280 1280 0% 2420 2420 0%

DS88oe 110 110 109 110 110 111 110 59 52 -12% N/P: Vis. analysis medium strong strong medium medium medium

0% 0% -1% 0% 0% 1% N: DFT, section 490 461 -6% 1306 1283 -2% 2347 2386 2%

N: LPC, section 450 450 0% 1230 1230 0% 2420 2420 0%

Modal to breathy voicing, getting more unstable at end and considerably weaker. Minimal timbre changes.

F1 and F2 well defined. F3 and F4 not well defined first 1/3 of vowel, then better defined.

Modal voicing, somewhat unstable at end of vowel.

Modal unstable voicing. Getting weaker. Small timbre change, moving backwards?

Modal to breathy voicing, wobbling increases towards end of vowel. Small timbre change, moving back? or tenser lips at end?

Modal to breathy voicing, uniform at start, somewhat unstable at end. Getting weak early in vowel. Minimal timbre changes.

Formants weaker / less well defined with voice weakening, but pattern is stable. F4 moves somewhat.

F1 and F2 well defined. F3 and F4 not well defined at first 1/3 of vowel. F4 decreases.

Formants well defined, wobbling with voice. F4 increases first 1/2 of vowel, decreases last 1/2.

F1 and F2 well defined. F3 not well defined during second 1/4 of vowel, F4 not well defined during first 1/2 of vowel.

F1-F4 well defined, except for F3 during second 1/4 of vowel. F2 decreases.

F1 is increasing slowly. Stable F2. F3 increases during first 1/2 of vowel, then decreases. F4 not well defined and amalgamates with F5, seems unstable.

Modal to breathy voicing, getting much weaker towards end, also irregularities towards end. Fatigue? Small timbre change.

Modal voicing, getting pressed-like towards end. Small timbre change, tenser at end? Timbre not very oe-like, not enough rounding?

Irregularities and voicing, and getting pressed-like at end. Timbre change, getting more open and possibly tenser in lips.

Uniform modal voicing. Clear timbre change, sounds more back and open.

F1 increase continuously. F2 is stable. F3 increase first 1/2 of vowel, then decrease. F4 not well defined last 1/2 of vowel.

F2 not well defined at first 1/3, F2F3 not well defined at last 1/4. F2 falls. F1 and F3 stable. F4 weak and decreasing.

In P-sound F1 looks stable, F3 increases somewhat, F2 not discernable.

Formants not identifiable through noise. In P-sound F1 and F3 well defined, F2 and F4 very weak.

Uniform modal voicing, scattered irregularities towards end. Small timbre change - less tense lips at end?

Impossible to identify formants through noise. In P- sound F1 and F3 are strong, F2 well defined at first 1 second, then not identifiable.

Uniform voicing. Minimal timbre changes.

Sounds nasalized at start. Minimal timbre changes.