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A Scandinavian "Magna Charta"?: The Scandinavian Corps and the politics of memory in South Africa (1899–1927)

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(1)Historia͸ͳǡʹǡ‘˜‡„‡”ʹͲͳ͸’’ͷͶǦ͹ͺ. AScandinavian“MagnaCharta”? TheScandinavianCorpsandthepoliticsofmemory inSouthAfrica(1899–1927)   ChristianGerdov   Abstract  Š‹•ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‡šƒ‹‡•Š‘™–Š‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ‘”’•ǡ™Š‹ Šˆ‘—‰Š–‘–Š‡‘‡”•‹†‡ˆ‘” ƒ „”‹‡ˆ ’‡”‹‘† †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ‘—–Š ˆ”‹ ƒ ƒ” ȋͳͺͻͻȂͳͻͲʹȌ ƒ† ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡† ‹ –Š‡ „ƒ––Ž‡‘ˆƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹‘ͳͳ‡ ‡„‡”ͳͺͻͻǡ™ƒ•”‡‡„‡”‡†ƒ† ‘‡‘”ƒ–‡† ‹‘—–Šˆ”‹ ƒˆ”‘ͳͺͻͻ–‘ͳͻʹ͹Ǥ

(2) ‹–‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ‘•–‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ’‡‘’Ž‡”‡•‹†‡– ‹ ‘—–Š ˆ”‹ ƒ ™‡”‡ ‘’’‘•‡† –‘ –Š‡ ‘”’•ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ ‡”‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ ‘—‡– ‹ ‹–• Š‘‘—” ‡– ™‹–Š Ž‹––Ž‡ ‹–‡”‡•– ƒ‘‰ –Š‡Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡƒ– –Š‡ —˜‡‹Ž‹‰ ‡”‡‘› ‘ˆ –Š‡ˆ‹”•–‘—‡––Š‡‡‘”›‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘”’•”‡•‘ƒ–‡†™‹–Š–Š‡’‘•–Ǧ™ƒ”ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡‘ˆ „”‘–Š‡”Š‘‘† ƒ† —‹–› „‡–™‡‡ ‘‡” ƒ† ”‹–‘ ‹ ‘—–Š ˆ”‹ ƒǤ

(3)  –Š‡ ͳͻʹͲ• –Š‡ ‡‘”› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘”’• ™ƒ• ”‡˜‹˜‡† ƒ‘‰  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ’‡‘’Ž‡ǡ ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Ž› –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ƒ‰ƒœ‹‡Framȋ ‘”™ƒ”†Ȍǡƒ† ‘‡‘”ƒ–‹˜‡‡˜‡–•™‡”‡Š‡Ž†‘–Š‡‘ ƒ•‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ʹͷ–Š ƒ‹˜‡”•ƒ”› ‘ˆ –Š‡ „ƒ––Ž‡Ǥ  ‡™ ‘—‡– ™ƒ• Žƒ–‡” ‡”‡ –‡† ƒ† —˜‡‹Ž‡† ‹ ͳͻʹ͹ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘ˆ „”‘–Š‡”Š‘‘† ƒ† ”‡ ‘ ‹Ž‹ƒ–‹‘ †‘‹ƒ–‡†›‡–ƒ‰ƒ‹ǤŠ”‘—‰Š–Š‡‡‘”›‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘”’•ǡ–Š‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ Ž‡‰‹–‹‹•‡† –Š‡‹” ’Žƒ ‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‘—–”› ƒ† „‡ ƒ‡ †‡†‹ ƒ–‡† ‘—–Š ˆ”‹ ƒ•Ǥ —– ƒ• –Š‡› „‡ ƒ‡ ˆ—ŽŽ› ‹–‡‰”ƒ–‡† ‹–‘ ™Š‹–‡ ‘—–Š ˆ”‹ ƒ •‘ ‹‡–›ǡ –Š‡ ‡‘”› ‘ˆ –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ‘”’•ƒ’’‡ƒ”•–‘Šƒ˜‡ˆƒ†‡†Ǥ  Keywords:  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’•ǡ ‘—–Š ˆ”‹ ƒǢ „”‘–Š‡”Š‘‘†Ǣ ‘‡‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǣ ‡‘”›Ǣ‘—‡–Ǣ‹†‡–‹–›Ǣ”ƒ ‡Ǥ  Opsomming  ‹‡”†‹‡ƒ”–‹‡Ž•–‡Ž‘†‡”•‘‡‹ƒ†‹‡™›•‡™ƒƒ”‘’†‹‡ƒ†‹ƒ™‹‡•‡‘”’•ǡ™ƒ– ˜‹” ǯ ‘”– –›†Œ‹‡ ƒƒ †‹‡ ‘‡”‡ •‡ ƒ– ‹ †‹‡ —‹†Ǧˆ”‹ƒƒ•‡ ‘”Ž‘‰ ȋͳͺͻͻȂͳͻͲʹȌ ‰‡˜‡‰Š‡–ǡ‡‘‘ƒƒ†‹‡Žƒ‰˜ƒƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹‘’ͳͳ‡•‡„‡”ͳͺͻͻ†‡‡Ž‰‡‡‡ Š‡–ǡ ˜ƒƒˆ ͳͺͻͻ –‘– ͳͻʹ͹ ‹ —‹†Ǧˆ”‹ƒ ‘–Š‘— ‡ Š‡”†‡ ‹•Ǥ ƒ˜ƒŽ‹ ™ƒ• †‹‡ ‡‡•–‡ƒ†‹ƒ™‹´”•™ƒ–‹—‹†Ǧˆ”‹ƒ™‘‘ƒ‰–‹‰™ƒ•‰‡ƒ––‡‡†‹‡‘”’•ǡ‡†‹‡ .

(4)  ʹͲͳ͸

(5)  ‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š ƒ ƒ•–‡” ‘ˆ ”–• †‡‰”‡‡ǡ ƒŒ‘”‹‰ ‹ ‹•–‘”›ǡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ ‘–Š‡„—”‰ǤŠ‹•ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹•„ƒ•‡†‹’ƒ”–‘›†‹••‡”–ƒ–‹‘™Š‹ Š‹• ‡–‹–Ž‡† DzǮ‡ —†‡ ‹ ‡ ˜‹ƒǡ „Ž‘–– ˆƒŽŽƒ —†‡ †‡ǯǣ ‹•–‘”‹‡„”—‡– ‘ †‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹•ƒ¤”‡‘ ŠŽƒ‰‡–˜‹†ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹‹˜‡”‹‰‡ǡͳͺͻͻȂʹͲͳͷdzǤ

(6) –‡šƒ‹‡• Š‘™–Š‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ‘”’•ƒ†‹–•’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡„ƒ––Ž‡‘ˆƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹ǡ™ƒ• ”‡‡„‡”‡†ƒ† ‘‡‘”ƒ–‡†‹™‡†‡ˆ”‘ͳͺͻͻ—–‹ŽʹͲͳͷǤ.  Howtocitethisarticle:Ǥ ‡”†‘˜ǡDz ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒǮƒ‰ƒŠƒ”–ƒǯǫŠ‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ‘”’•ƒ†–Š‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹ •‘ˆ‡‘”›‹‘—–Šˆ”‹ ƒȋͳͺͻͻǦͳͻʹ͹ȌǡHistoria͸ͳǡʹǡ‘˜‡„‡”ʹͲͳ͸ǡ’’ͷͶǦ͹ͺǤ Š––’ǣȀȀ†šǤ†‘‹Ǥ‘”‰ȀͳͲǤͳ͹ͳͷͻȀʹ͵ͲͻǦͺ͵ͻʹȀʹͲͳ͸Ȁ˜͸ͳʹƒ͵ Copyright:̹Š‡—–Š‘”ȋ•ȌǤ—„Ž‹•Š‡†—†‡”ƒ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•––”‹„—–‹‘‹ ‡ ‡Ǥ . 54.

(7) ‡”†‘˜Ȃ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒdzƒ‰ƒŠƒ”–ƒdzǫ . ‘’”‹‰–‹‰˜ƒǯ‘—‡–‘Š—ŽŽ‡–‡˜‡”‡‡”Š‡–™‡‹‹‰„‡Žƒ‰•–‡ŽŽ‹‰—‹–‰‡Ž‘Ǥ‹‡ ‡‡”•–‡ ‘—‡– •‡ ‘–Š—ŽŽ‹‰•‡”‡‘‹‡ Š‡– ‡‰–‡” ƒƒŽƒ ‰‡˜‹† „› †‹‡ ƒǦ ‘‘”Ž‘‰•‡ƒ””ƒ–‹‡ˆ˜ƒ‡‡Š‡‹†‡„”‘‡†‡”•ƒ’–—••‡‘‡”‡”‹–‹—‹†Ǧˆ”‹ƒǤ

(8)  †‹‡ͳͻʹͲǯ•Š‡–†‹‡‘”’••‡ƒ‰‡†ƒ‰–‡‹•‘†‡”ƒ†‹ƒ™‹´”•Š‡”Ž‡‡ˆǡ˜‡”ƒƒ†‡—” †‹‡ –›†•”‹ˆ Fram ȋ‘‘”™ƒƒ”–•Ȍǡ •‘™‡Ž ƒ• †‹‡ ‰‡†‡ˆ‡‡•–‡ ™ƒ– –›†‡• †‹‡ ʹͷ•–‡ Š‡”†‡‹‰ ˜ƒ †‹‡ •Žƒ‰ ‰‡Š‘— ‹•Ǥ ǯ —™‡ ‘—‡– ‹• Žƒ–‡” ‘’‰‡”‹‰ ‡ ‹ ͳͻʹ͹ ‘–Š—Žǡ ‡ †‹‡•‡Žˆ†‡ ƒ””ƒ–‹‡ˆ ˜ƒ „”‘‡†‡”•ƒ’ ‡ ˜‡”•‘‡‹‰ Š‡– ™‡‡”‡‡• †‹‡ „‘–‘‘ ‰‡˜‘‡”Ǥ ‡—” ‹††‡Ž ˜ƒ †‹‡ ‘”’• •‡ ƒ‰‡†ƒ‰–‡‹• Š‡– †‹‡ ƒ†‹ƒ™‹‡•‡ „‡˜‘Ž‹‰ •› ’Ž‡ ‹ †‹‡ Žƒ† ‰‡Ž‡‰‹–‹‡‡” ‡ •‘†‘‡†‡ –‘‡‰‡™›†‡ —‹†Ǧˆ”‹ƒ‡”• ‰‡™‘”†Ǥƒƒ–‡Š—ŽŽ‡‡‰–‡”–‡˜‘ŽŽ‡‹†‹‡™‹–—‹†Ǧˆ”‹ƒƒ•‡•ƒ‡Ž‡™‹‰‘’‰‡‰ƒƒ Š‡–ǡŠ‡–†‹‡ƒ†‹ƒ™‹‡•‡‘”’••‡ƒ‰‡†ƒ‰–‡‹•Žƒƒ”„Ž›Ž‹‘‘˜‡”˜ƒƒ‰Ǥ  Sleutelwoorde: ƒ†‹ƒ™‹‡•‡ ‘”’•Ǣ —‹†Ǧˆ”‹ƒǢ „”‘‡†‡”•ƒ’Ǣ ƒ‰‡†ƒ‰–‡‹•Ǣ Š‡”†‡‹‰Ǣ‘—‡–Ǣ‹†‡–‹–‡‹–Ǣ”ƒ•Ǥ  ‘‰–Š‡ƒ›‘—‡–• ‘‡‘”ƒ–‹‰–Š‡ˆƒŽŽ‡•‘Ž†‹‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡‘—–Šˆ”‹ ƒ ƒ” ȋͳͺͻͻȂͳͻͲʹȌǡ –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ –™‘ ƒ– ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹ ™Š‹ Š ƒ”‡ †‡†‹ ƒ–‡† –‘ –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’• –Šƒ– ˆ‘—‰Š– ‘ –Š‡ ‘‡” •‹†‡ †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ™ƒ”ǡ ƒ† ‹–• ‡„‡”• ™Š‘ ˆ‡ŽŽ ‹ „ƒ––Ž‡ ‘ ͳͳ ‡ ‡„‡” ͳͺͻͻǤ ‡”‡ –Š‡ ™‘”†  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ”‡ˆ‡”• –‘ –Š‡ ˆ‘—” ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹–‹‡• ™Š‘ ˆ‘”‡† –Š‡ ƒ‹ ’ƒ”– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘”’•ǡ ƒ‡Ž› ™‡†‡•ǡ ƒ‡•ǡ ‹•ǡ ƒ† ‘”™‡‰‹ƒ•ǡ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š –Š‡ ‘”’• ƒŽ•‘ ‹ Ž—†‡† ƒ •ƒŽŽ‡” ‰”‘—’ ‘ˆ ‘Ǧ  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‡„‡”•Ǥͳ ‘‡ ͷͲ ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’• Šƒ† „‡‡ ’‘•‹–‹‘‡†ƒ–ƒ’‹ ‡–‡ƒ”ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹Ǥ‡••–ŠƒŠƒŽˆ‘ˆ–Š‡†‹‡†ǡ‡‹–Š‡”†—”‹‰ –Š‡„ƒ––Ž‡‘”ƒ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–‘ˆ–Š‡‹”‹Œ—”‹‡•Ǥˆ‡™ƒƒ‰‡†–‘‡• ƒ’‡„ƒ –‘–Š‡‘‡” Ž‹‡•ǡ„—––Š‡”‡•–™‡”‡–ƒ‡ƒ•’”‹•‘‡”•‘ˆ™ƒ”„›–Š‡”‹–‹•ŠǤʹŠ‡”‡ƒ‹†‡”‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘”’• ‘–‹—‡† –‘ ˆ‹‰Š– ƒŽ‘‰•‹†‡ –Š‡ ‘‡”•ǡ „—– –Š‡•‡ ‡ ™‡”‡ ƒ’–—”‡† ‹ ‡„”—ƒ”›‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰›‡ƒ”ǡ™Š‡‰‡‡”ƒŽ‹‡–”‘Œ±•—””‡†‡”‡†ƒ–ƒƒ”†‡„‡”‰Ǥ  Š‹• ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ †‹• —••‡• Š‘™ –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’• ™ƒ• ”‡‡„‡”‡† ƒ† ‘‡‘”ƒ–‡†‹‘—–Šˆ”‹ ƒˆ”‘ͳͺͻͻ–‘ͳͻʹ͹Ǥ

(9) –ˆ‘ —•‡•‘–Š‡–™‘‘—‡–•ǡ –Š‡‹” —˜‡‹Ž‹‰ ‡”‡‘‹‡• ƒ† –Š‡ ‘‡‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‡˜‡–• Š‡Ž† ‹ Š‘‘—” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘”’•ǡƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•–Š‡ʹͷ–Šƒ‹˜‡”•ƒ”›‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒ––Ž‡‘ˆƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹ǤŽ–Š‘—‰Š”Ž‡† ‹†•˜‹ Šƒ• ƒŽ•‘ ™”‹––‡ ‘ –Š‹• •—„Œ‡ –ǡ ƒ† ƒ”‰—‡• –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‡‘”› ‘ˆ –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’• ™ƒ• —•‡† †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ͳͻʹͲ• –‘ ”‡‹ˆ‘” ‡ ƒ •‡•‡ ‘ˆ ’ƒǦ  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ •‡–‹‡– ƒ‘‰ –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‹‰”ƒ–• ‹ ‘—–Š ˆ”‹ ƒǡ Š‹• †‡• ”‹’–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘”’•ƒ†Š‹•ƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘‡‘”ƒ–‹˜‡‡˜‡–•Š‡Ž†ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡. ͳǤ ʹǤ. ‹•™‡”‡ǡŠ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‘–ƒŽ™ƒ›•’‡” ‡‹˜‡†ƒ• ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ•Ǥ Š‡ ’”‹ƒ”› •‘—” ‡• †‹ˆˆ‡” ‘ –Š‡ ‡šƒ – —„‡” ‘ˆ ‡ ™Š‘ ™‡”‡ •–ƒ–‹‘‡† ƒ– –Š‡ ‘—–’‘•–ǡ ƒ† Š‘™ ƒ› ƒƒ‰‡† –‘ ”‡–”‡ƒ–Ǥ ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ •‡‡ Dz ‘• ‡ ˜‡• ”‹‰•ˆ¤‰‡dzǡ Dagens Nyheter, ʹͲ ‡„”—ƒ”› ͳͻͲͲǢ Dz‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹•ƒ ¤”‡dzǡ Dagens Nyheter, ͻ ƒ› ͳͻͲͲǢ Dz‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹•ƒ ¤”‡ ‹ ‘‡””‹‰‡–ǣ ڌ–ƒ– –¤Ž„‡”‰ ‡”¡––ƒ”dzǡDagensNyheter,ͳͻ—‰—•–ͳͻͲͳǢƒ†DzŽƒ†‘‡”ƒdzǡSydsvenskaDagbladet Snällposten,ʹͺ —Ž›ͳͻͲͳǤ. 55.

(10) ‡”†‘˜Ȃ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒdzƒ‰ƒŠƒ”–ƒdzǫ . ™ƒ” ›‡ƒ”•ǡ ‹• •‘‡™Šƒ– ˆŽƒ™‡†Ǥ͵ › ‹‰‘”‹‰ –Š‡ ’‡”‹‘† ’”‹‘” –‘ ͳͻͳͶǡ ‹†•˜‹ †‘‡• ‘–ǡˆ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ ‘•‹†‡”Š‘™–Š‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ•™Š‘™‡”‡”‡•‹†‡–‹‘—–Šˆ”‹ ƒ ˜‹‡™‡† –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‘—–•‡–ǡ ‘” †‘‡• Š‡ †‹• —•• –Š‡ ‡ƒ”Ž‹‡” ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘ˆ ‡”‡ –‹‰ ƒ ‘—‡– ƒ– ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹ ‹ Š‘‘—” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘”’•Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ „› ‘– ƒƒŽ›•‹‰ –Š‡ –™‘ ‘—‡–• ‘” –Š‡ —˜‡‹Ž‹‰ ‡”‡‘‹‡•ǡ Š‡ ˆƒ‹Ž•–‘•‹–—ƒ–‡–Š‡ ‘‡‘”ƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡™‹†‡” ‘–‡š–‘ˆ’‘•–Ǧ™ƒ”‡‘”›’‘Ž‹–‹ • ‹‘—–Šˆ”‹ ƒǤ

(11) ‘–Š‡”™‘”†•ǡŠ‘™–Š‡ ‘‡‘”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘”’•„‡ ƒ‡ Ž‘•‡Ž› ‹–‡”–™‹‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‘‡‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™ƒ” ‹ ‘—–Š ˆ”‹ ƒǤ

(12)  ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ ‘‡ •Š‘—Ž†ƒŽ•‘ ‘’ƒ”‡Š‘™–Š‡ ‘”’•™ƒ• ‘‡‘”ƒ–‡†‹–Š‡‘”†‹ ”‡‰‹‘ǡ„‡ ƒ—•‡ –Š‹• ”‡˜‡ƒŽ• ‡”–ƒ‹ •–”‹‹‰ •‹‹Žƒ”‹–‹‡• ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‘—–Š ˆ”‹ ƒ ƒ•‡Ǥ Š‡•‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ’‡”•’‡ –‹˜‡•ƒ”‡‡ ‡••ƒ”›–‘ˆ—ŽŽ›—†‡”•–ƒ†–Š‡“—‡•–‹‘•‘ˆ™Š›–Š‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’• ™ƒ• ”‡‡„‡”‡† ƒ† ‘‡‘”ƒ–‡† ‹ ‘—–Š ˆ”‹ ƒǡ ƒ† ™Šƒ– •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ ‡ –Š‡‡‘”›‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘”’•Š‡Ž†Ǥ  Š‡ ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‹• •–”— –—”‡† Š”‘‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽŽ› ‹ ‘”†‡” –‘ •Š‘™ –Š‡ Šƒ‰‡• ‘˜‡” –‹‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‘‡‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’•Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ’ƒ”– ‰‹˜‡• ƒ „”‹‡ˆ ‹–”‘†— –‹‘ –‘ –Š‡ Š‹•–‘”› ‘ˆ –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‹ ‘—–Š ˆ”‹ ƒ ƒ† –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ‘”’•ǤŠ‡•‡ ‘††‡ƒŽ•™‹–Š–Š‡’”‘Œ‡ –‘ˆ‡”‡ –‹‰–Š‡ˆ‹”•–‘—‡– ‹ Š‘‘—” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘”’• ƒ† ‹–• —˜‡‹Ž‹‰ ‹ ͳͻͲͺǤ Š‡ –Š‡ †‹• —••‹‘ –—”• –‘ –Š‡ ‘‡‘”ƒ–‹˜‡‡˜‡–•Š‡Ž†‹ͳͻʹͶ‹Š‘‘—”‘ˆ–Š‡ʹͷ–Šƒ‹˜‡”•ƒ”›‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒ––Ž‡ ƒ– ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹Ǥ Š‡ ‡š– ’ƒ”– ”‡˜‘Ž˜‡• ƒ”‘—† –Š‡ ’”‘Œ‡ – ‘ˆ ‡”‡ –‹‰ ƒ •‡ ‘† ‘—‡– ‹ Š‘‘—” ‘ˆ –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’•ǡ ƒ† ‹–• —˜‡‹Ž‹‰ ‹ ͳͻʹ͹Ǥ Š‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ”ƒ ‡ ƒ† –Š‡ “—‡•–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‹†‡–‹–› ƒ”‡ –Š‡ †‹• —••‡†ǡ ƒ† ˆ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ –Š‡ ˆ‹†‹‰•‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ƒ”‡•—ƒ”‹•‡†Ǥ  ScandinaviansandtheSouthAfricanWar  Š‡‹ˆŽ—š‘ˆ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ‹‹‰”ƒ–•‹–‘‘—–Šˆ”‹ ƒ’‡ƒ‡††—”‹‰–Š‡ͳͺͻͲ•ƒ† ƒ”‘—† ͳͻͲͲǡ ƒ• –Š‡ ™ƒ” ‰ƒ‹‡† ‘‡–—Ǥ Š‡‹” ˜‹‡™• ‘ ‡”‹‰ –Š‡ ™ƒ””‹‰ ’ƒ”–‹‡•™‡”‡ǡƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡Š‹•–‘”‹ƒ”‡ —ƒ”ƒ”Ž••‘ǡŽƒ”‰‡Ž›•Šƒ’‡†„›–Š‡‹” ’Žƒ ‡‘ˆ”‡•‹†‡ ‡ǤŠ‘•‡™Š‘Šƒ†•‡––Ž‡†‹–Š‡‘‡””‡’—„Ž‹ •–‡†‡†–‘•›’ƒ–Š‹•‡ ™‹–Š–Š‡‘‡”•ǡ™Š‹Ž‡–Š‘•‡™Š‘Šƒ†–ƒ‡—’”‡•‹†‡ ‡‹–Š‡”‹–‹•Š ‘Ž‘‹‡•‘ˆ–‡ •—’’‘”–‡† –Š‡ ”‹–‹•ŠǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‹• –‡†• –‘ „‡ ƒ ”ƒ–Š‡” •‹’Ž‹•–‹  ‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘ „‡ ƒ—•‡ ‹– †‘‡• ‘– ƒ ‘—– ˆ‘” –Š‘•‡ ™Š‘ †‡ ‹†‡† –‘ ”‡ƒ‹ ‡—–”ƒŽǤ ‘”ǡ ƒ• ͵Ǥ. ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ ‹†•˜‹ ™”‹–‡•ǡ DzǤǤǤ –Š‡ ˜‘Ž—–‡‡”• ™Š‘ Œ‘‹‡† –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’• ™‡”‡ ˆ‹‰Š–‹‰ ƒ ’‡” ‡‹˜‡† ƒ”‹•–‘ ”ƒ–‹  ‘’’‘•‹–‡ǡ ™Š‹ Š ƒŽ•‘ ”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ –Š‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ƒ™ƒ‡‹‰‘ˆ‘”™ƒ›dzȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ‘”™ƒ›ǯ•‘’’‘•‹–‹‘ƒ‰ƒ‹•–Dzƒ”‹•–‘ ”ƒ–‹ dz™‡†‡ǡ™Š‹ Š ‰‘˜‡”‡† ‘”™ƒ› ƒ– –Š‡ –‹‡ȌǤ —– –Š‹• ƒ”‰—‡– †‘‡• ‘– ƒ ‘—– ˆ‘” –Š‡ ˆƒ – –Šƒ– ™‡†‡•™‡”‡‹–Š‡ƒŒ‘”‹–›‹–Š‡ ‘”’•ƒ†–Šƒ–•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡™‡”‡ƒ”‹•–‘ ”ƒ–•ȋ–™‘ ™‡”‡„ƒ”‘•ȌǤ

(13) –‹•–Š—•—Ž‹‡Ž›–Šƒ––Š‡›ˆ‘—‰Š–ƒDz’‡” ‡‹˜‡†ƒ”‹•–‘ ”ƒ–‹ ‘’’‘•‹–‹‘dzǤ ‡‡ Ǥ ‹†•˜‹ǡ Dzš’”‡••‹‘• ‘ˆ ƒǦ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‡–‹‡–• ‹ –Š‡ ƒ‰ƒœ‹‡ Fram ƒ‘‰ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ‹‰”ƒ–•‹‘—–Šˆ”‹ ƒǡͳͻͳͶȂͷͶdzǡ‹ Ǥ ƒ”˜ƒ”†ƒ†Ǥ–ƒ†‹—• ȋ‡†•Ȍǡ Communicating the North: Media Structures and Images in the Making of the Nordic Region ȋ•Š‰ƒ–‡ǡ —”Ž‹‰–‘ǡ ʹͲͳ͵ȌǢ ƒ† Ǥ ‹†•˜‹ǡ Spaces of Scandinavian Encounters in Colonial South Africa: Reconfiguring Colonial Discourses ȋ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ ‡”‰‡”‡••ǡ‡”‰‡ǡʹͲͳ͵Ȍǡ’Ͷ͵Ǥ. 56.

(14) ‡”†‘˜Ȃ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒdzƒ‰ƒŠƒ”–ƒdzǫ . ”‡†‡”‹  ƒŽ‡ ’‘‹–• ‘—–ǡ †‘‡• ‹– ‡š’Žƒ‹ –Šƒ– ƒ›  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ”‡•‹†‡–• ‹ –Š‡ ”ƒ•˜ƒƒŽŠƒ†‘– ‘‡–‘–‡”•™‹–Š–Š‡‹”•–ƒ–—•ƒ••‡ ‘†Ǧ Žƒ•• ‹–‹œ‡•ǤͶ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ‹– ™ƒ• ‹ –Š‡ ”ƒ•˜ƒƒŽ ȋ–Š‡ —‹†Ǧˆ”‹ƒƒ• Š‡ ‡’—„Ž‹‡Ȍ –Šƒ– –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’•™ƒ•ˆ‘—†‡†ǡͷƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š ƒŽ‡‘–‡•–Šƒ–‹–‹•™‡ŽŽǦ‹‰Š‹’‘••‹„Ž‡–‘ƒ• ‡”–ƒ‹ Š‘™ ƒ› ‡„‡”• –Š‡”‡ ™‡”‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‘”’• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‘—–•‡–ǡ ‘” Š‘™ ƒ› ‡™ ”‡ ”—‹–• ‡Ž‹•–‡† Žƒ–‡”Ǥ ‡–ƒ‹Ž• •— Š ƒ• –Š‹• ™‡”‡ ‘– †‘ —‡–‡† ƒ– ƒ› ’‘‹–ǡ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š ‘•– ’”‹ƒ”› •‘—” ‡• ƒ‰”‡‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‘”’• ‘’”‹•‡† ‘”‡ –Šƒ ͳͲͲ ‡„‡”•ƒ†–Šƒ–ͳ͵‘ˆ–Š‡•‡™‡”‡‘Ǧ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ•Ǥ͸  Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’• ™ƒ• Žƒ”‰‡Ž› ‡– ™‹–Š †‹•–”—•– ƒ† ‡˜‡ †‹•†ƒ‹ „› –Š‡‹” ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™ ‘—–”›‡ ‹ ‘—–Š ˆ”‹ ƒǡ ‹ ’ƒ”– „‡ ƒ—•‡ –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ• –Š‘—‰Š– –Šƒ––Š‡•—’’‘”–ˆ‘”–Š‡‘‡”•™‘—Ž††ƒƒ‰‡–Š‡‰‡‡”ƒŽ”‡’—–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ• Ž‹˜‹‰ ‹ –Š‡ ‘—–”› ƒ† ‹‰Š– ‹’ƒ – ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡Ž› ‘ –Š‡ ’”‘•’‡ –• ‘ˆ –Š‘•‡ ™Š‘ †‡ ‹†‡†–‘”‡ƒ‹‡—–”ƒŽǤ͹ ‘”†‹‰–‘ ƒŽ‡ǡ™‡ŽŽ‘˜‡”ƒͳͲͲ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ•Š‡Ž†ƒ ͶǤ. ͷǤ. ͸Ǥ. ͹Ǥ.  ‘”†‹‰ –‘ ‘–‡’‘”ƒ”› ‡™•’ƒ’‡” ƒ”–‹ Ž‡• ‹ ™‡†‡ǡ –Š‡ ƒŒ‘”‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‹ ‘Šƒ‡•„—”‰•›’ƒ–Š‹•‡†™‹–Š–Š‡”‹–‹•ŠǤ‡‡ǡDz˜¤¤”‹ ”ƒ•˜ƒƒŽdzǡ Svenska Dagbladet, ͸  –‘„‡” ͳͺͻͻǢ Dzƒ†‹ƒ˜‡”‡ ‹ ›†ƒˆ”‹ƒ ‘ Š ”‹‰‡–dzǡ Nya Dagligt Allehanda, ͺ ’”‹Ž ͳͻͲʹǢ Ǥ Ǥ ƒ”Ž••‘ǡ Dz‘”•‡ ‡ƒ•Œ‘‡” ’¤ ‘‡””‹‰‡ͳͺͻͻȂͳͻͲʹǣƒŽ›•‡ƒ˜‘”•‡†˜‹•‡”• ‘Ž†‹‰‡”‘‰‡‡•”‹˜‡Ž•‡ ƒ˜‘”•‰ƒ•Œ‡‡–ǡ

(15) Ž—†‡”–‘”†‡‹ޔǦˆ”‹ƒdz,†‹••‡”–ƒ–‹‘ǡ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ ”‘†Š‡‹ǡ ͳͻ͹ͺǡ ’’ ͻ͵Ȃͻ͹Ǣ Ǥ Ǥ ‹“—‹•–ǡ Scandinavians and South Africa: Their Impact on the Cultural, Social and Economic Development of pre1902 South Africa ȋƒŽ‡ƒǡ ƒ’‡ ‘™ǡ ͳͻ͹ͺȌǡ ’’ ͳ͸ʹȂͳ͹͵Ǣ Ǥ ƒŽ‡ǡ DzŠ‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’• ‹ –Š‡ ‡ ‘†‰Ž‘Ǧ‘‡”ƒ”dzǡHistoriaǡͶͷǡͳȋʹͲͲȌǡ’’ʹʹͳȂʹʹ͵Ǥ Š‡ ‹†‡ƒ –‘ ˆ‘” ƒ ‘”’• ™ƒ• ˆ‹”•– ”ƒ‹•‡† ƒ– ƒ ‡‡–‹‰ Š‡Ž† ‹ ‘Šƒ‡•„—”‰ǡ ™Š‹ Š „”‘‡ †‘™ †—‡ –‘ ƒ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡ ‘ˆ ‘’‹‹‘Ǥ šƒ –Ž› ™Š‡ –Š‡ ‘”’• ™ƒ• ˆ‘—†‡† ‹• — ‡”–ƒ‹Ǥ  ‘”†‹‰ –‘ ‹“—‹•–ǡ Scandinavians and South Africaǡ ‹– ™ƒ• ‹ ‡’–‡„‡”ǡ „—– ƒ ‘”†‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‘” „‡Š‹† –Š‡ ‘”’•ǡ Š”‹•–‡” ‰‰Žƒǡ –Š‡ †‡ ‹•‹‘™ƒ•ƒ†‡ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡‘—–„”‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡™ƒ”ȋͳͳ –‘„‡”ͳͺͻͻȌǤ‘–Š‡”‡„‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘”’• ™”‘–‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡› ™‡”‡ ”‡ƒ†› –‘ •‡– ‘—– „› ͷ  –‘„‡”Ǥ ‡‡ Ǥ ‘”†ƒ ȋ‡†ǤȌǡ Boerer och Engelsmän: Skildringar ur det Sydafrikanska Kriget, 1899–1901. Av Österbottningarna Matts Gustavsson, Nils Viklund m.fl. Medlemmar av den Skandinaviska Kåren ȋ˜‡•ƒ ‘Ž•‘Žƒ• ¡‡”ǡ ‡Ž•‹‰ˆ‘”•ǡ ͳͻͳͲȌǡ ’ ͳͷǢ Š‡ ‹Ž‹–ƒ”› ” Š‹˜‡• ‘ˆ ™‡†‡ ȋ”‹‰•ƒ”‹˜‡–Ȍ ȋŠ‡”‡ƒˆ–‡” ”Ȍǡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹•ƒ ¤”‡• ”‹˜ ȋŠ‡”‡ƒˆ–‡” Ȍǣ ‘Ž—‡ ͳǡ ”‘‡‘”‹ƒ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹•ƒ ”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘‡ ‹ ”ƒ•˜ƒƒŽ •ƒ– †‡•• ˆÚ”Š¤ŽŽƒ†‡ –‹ŽŽ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹•ƒ ¤”‡ ‘ Š †‡•• „—Žƒ• ¤”‡ǡ ͳͺͻͻȂͳͻͲͲǢ‹“—‹•–ǡScandinaviansandSouthAfricaǡ’ͳ͸ʹǢ ƒŽ‡ǡDzŠ‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’•‹–Š‡‡ ‘†‰Ž‘Ǧ‘‡”ƒ”dzǡ’ʹʹʹǤ ”ǡ ”Žƒ† ‘••„‡”‰ ” Š‹˜‡ ȋŠ‡”‡ƒˆ–‡” Ȍǣ ‘Ž—‡ ʹ͸ǡ ‹Žƒ‰ƒ ȋ‡š—”‡Ȍ Ǥ

(16)  Žƒ‰‡– ˜‹†ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘‹–‡†‡ͳͳ‡ ͳͺͻͻǡ‡Ž–ƒ‰ƒ†‡ƒ˜†‡ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹•ƒ¤”‡Ǣ ”ǡǣ‘Ž—‡ʹǡ៬”–‡ ‹‰ژ‡”†‡ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹•ƒ¤”‡Ǣ”ǡǣ‘Ž—‡ͳǡ ‡”¡––‡Ž•‡ ‘ ‘‡””‹‰‡– ‘ Š ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹•ƒ ¤”‡ ƒ˜ ”‹ –¤Ž„‡”‰ ȋͳͻͳͲȌǡ ’—„Ž‹•Š‡† ƒ—• ”‹’–Ǣ ƒŽ‡ǡ DzŠ‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’• ‹ –Š‡ ‡ ‘† ‰Ž‘Ǧ‘‡” ƒ”dzǡ’ʹʹͶǤ ‘‡•ƒ‹† ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ•™‡”‡‡˜‡†‹•‹••‡†„›–Š‡‹””‹–‹•Š‡’Ž‘›‡”•„‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆ –Š‡ •—’’‘”– –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’• ‰ƒ˜‡ –‘ –Š‡ ‘‡”•Ǥ Š‹• ƒ—•‡† –Š‡ –‘ Žƒ‡–ǣ Dz‡ ȏ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ•Ȑ Šƒ˜‡ „‡ ‘‡ ‹ŽŽǦˆƒ‡† ƒ† —•– ‘™ •—ˆˆ‡” –Š‡ ‘•‡“—‡ ‡• –Š‡”‡‘ˆǤdz‡‡Dz˜‡•ƒ”‡‹”ƒ•˜ƒƒŽdzǡSvenskaDagbladet,͵ –‘„‡”ͳͻͲͲȋ–”ƒ•Žƒ–‡†. 57.

(17) ‡”†‘˜Ȃ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒdzƒ‰ƒŠƒ”–ƒdzǫ . ‘—–‡”Ǧ‡‡–‹‰ ‹ —”„ƒ ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡› †‹• ”‡†‹–‡† –Š‡ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘”’• ƒ† Dz‹•‹•–‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡‹” ‡–Š‹  ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™• ‹ ‘Šƒ‡•„—”‰ ƒ† ”‡–‘”‹ƒ ȏ†‹†Ȑ ‘– ”‡’”‡•‡– –Š‡ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ •‡–‹‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ• ‹ ‘—–Š ˆ”‹ ƒdzǤͺ ‹‹Žƒ” ‘’‹‹‘• ™‡”‡ ˜‘‹ ‡† „›  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ• ”‡•‹†‹‰ ‹ Ž‘‡ˆ‘–‡‹ǡ ‘‡ ‘ˆ ™Š‘ǡ ‹ ƒ Ž‡––‡” –‘ ƒ ™‡†‹•Š‡™•’ƒ’‡”ǡ™”‘–‡ǣ  ‡ –Š‘—‰Š– ‹– ™‹•‡•– –‘ ”‡ƒ‹ ‡—–”ƒŽǡ ƒ† ƒŽŽ ™‘—Ž† ’”‘„ƒ„Ž› Šƒ˜‡ ‰‘‡ ™‡ŽŽ Šƒ†‹–‘–„‡‡ˆ‘”•‘‡‘ˆ‘—”ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™ ‘—–”›‡ǡ™Š‘ǡˆ‘”–Š‡‹”‘™’‡”•‘ƒŽ ‰ƒ‹ǡ‘ˆˆ‡”‡†–Š‡‹”•‡”˜‹ ‡•–‘–Š‡‘‡”‰‘˜‡”‡–ǤǤǤǤ—‹‰Ž›ǡ–Š‡›—•‡†–Š‡‹” ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡‘˜‡”–Š‡‹”ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™ ‘—–”›‡ǡƒ† Žƒ‹‹‰–Š‡›Šƒ†‘‘–Š‡”‹–‡”‡•– –Šƒ Ž‘˜‡ ˆ‘” –Š‡‹” ‡™ˆ‘—† Š‘‡Žƒ† ǥ –Š‡› „‡‰ƒ –Š‡‹” †‹”–› ™‘”Ǥ Š‡› ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡† ‡‡–‹‰• ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡› ’ƒ‹–‡† –Š‡ •—ˆˆ‡”‹‰• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘‡”• —†‡” –Š‡ ‰Ž‹•Š›‘‡‹„”‹‰Š– ‘Ž‘—”•ǤŠ‡•‡Š‡ Š‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘‡”‰‘˜‡”‡–™‘”‡† ™‹–Šƒœ‡ƒŽ™‘”–Š›‘ˆƒŠ‹‰Š‡” ƒ—•‡Ǥͻ.  — ŠŠƒ”•Š”‡•’‘•‡•”ƒ‹•‡–Š‡“—‡•–‹‘‘ˆ™Š›–Š‡•‡‹‹‰”ƒ–•ǡ˜‡”›ˆ‡™‘ˆ ™Š‘ Šƒ† ƒ› ‹Ž‹–ƒ”› ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ǡ ‡˜‡”–Š‡Ž‡•• †‡ ‹†‡† –‘ Œ‘‹ –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’•ƒ†–‘•—’’‘”––Š‡‘‡”•Ǥ ‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒ–‘”„‡Š‹†–Š‡ ‘”’•ǡŠ”‹•–‡” ‰‰Žƒǡ–Š‡‹”†‡ ‹•‹‘–‘ˆ‹‰Š–ƒŽ‘‰•‹†‡–Š‡‘‡”ˆ‘” ‡•™ƒ•‘–‹˜ƒ–‡†„›‰”ƒ–‹–—†‡ˆ‘” –Š‡Š‘•’‹–ƒŽ‹–›–Š‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ•Šƒ†‡Œ‘›‡†‹–Š‡–™‘‘‡””‡’—„Ž‹ •ǤŠ‡”‡™‡”‡ ƒŽ•‘ ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘”’• ™Š‘ Žƒ–‡” Žƒ‹‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡› Šƒ† ˆ‘—‰Š– ˆ‘” ™Šƒ– –Š‡› „‡Ž‹‡˜‡†–‘„‡ƒŒ—•–ƒ†”‹‰Š–‡‘—• ƒ—•‡ǤͳͲ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‡‹”‘–‹˜‡•™‡”‡’‡”Šƒ’•‘– ‡–‹”‡Ž›ƒŽ–”—‹•–‹ ǡ„‡ ƒ—•‡‡Ž‹•–‹‰‡ƒ––Šƒ–‡„‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘”’•™‡”‡‡–‹–Ž‡†–‘ ƒ––ƒ‹ ‹–‹œ‡•Š‹’ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘‡” ”‡’—„Ž‹ • ƒ† –Š‹• —†‘—„–‡†Ž› ’Žƒ›‡† ƒ ‹’‘”–ƒ– ’ƒ”– ‹ –Š‡ †‡ ‹•‹‘ –‘ Œ‘‹ –Š‡ ‘”’•Ǥͳͳ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ •‹ ‡ ‘•– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‡”‡ —‡’Ž‘›‡†–Š‡”‡™ƒ•ƒŽ•‘ǡƒ•‹“—‹•–™”‹–‡•ǡDzǥ–Š‡Š‘’‡–Šƒ–‹ˆ–Š‡‘‡”•™‘ǡ –Š‡› ™‘—Ž† ”‡ƒ’ –Š‡ „‡‡ˆ‹–• ‘ˆ „‡‹‰ ‘ –Š‡ ˜‹ –‘”‹‘—• •‹†‡dzǤͳʹ ‡ –Šƒ– ƒ• ‹– ƒ›ǡ. ͺǤ ͻǤ. ͳͲǤ ͳͳǤ. ͳʹǤ. „› –Š‡ ƒ—–Š‘”ȌǢ ƒ† ƒŽ•‘ ƒŽ‡ǡ DzŠ‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’• ‹ –Š‡ ‡ ‘† ‰Ž‘Ǧ‘‡” ƒ”dzǡ’ʹʹʹǤ ƒŽ‡ǡDzŠ‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ‘”’•‹–Š‡‡ ‘†‰Ž‘Ǧ‘‡”ƒ”dzǡ’ʹʹʹǤ Dz˜‡•ƒ”‡ ‹ ”ƒ•˜ƒƒŽdzǡ Svenska Dagbladet, ͵  –‘„‡” ͳͻͲͲ ȋ–”ƒ•Žƒ–‡† „› –Š‡ ƒ—–Š‘”ȌǤ  •‹‹Žƒ” ƒ––‹–—†‡ ™ƒ• ˜‘‹ ‡† „› –Š‡ ƒ’‡ ‘™Ǧ„ƒ•‡† ‘”™‡‰‹ƒǦ™‡†‹•Š ‘•—Ž ‰‡‡”ƒŽ ȋ‘”™ƒ› ™ƒ• ’ƒ”– ‘ˆ ƒ —‹‘ ™‹–Š ™‡†‡ ˆ”‘ ͳͺͳͶ –‘ ͳͻͲͷȌǤ ‡ Žƒ‹‡†–Šƒ–ƒ›‡„‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘”’•Šƒ†‡‹–Š‡”„‡‡Ž—”‡†‘”ˆ‘” ‡†–‘Œ‘‹—’Ǥ ‡‡Dz¤” ‡‡”ƒŽ‘•—Ž‹ƒ’‘‘‡””‹‰‡–dzǡSvenskaDagbladet,͹‡’–‡„‡”ͳͻͲͳǤ Ǥ‰‰ŽƒǡRedogörelseöverMagersfonteinMinnesfesternasndamålochResultat:1899– 11Dec.1924ȋŽ“˜‹•–Ƭ‹•‡ŽŽǡ’’•ƒŽƒǡͳͻʹ͸Ȍǡ’ͷǤ ‘‡‡„‡”•†‹†‹†‡‡†ƒ––ƒ‹Dz„—”‰Š‡”’ƒ’‡”•dz‹ƒ ‘”†ƒ ‡™‹–Š”–‹ Ž‡ͳͶͶʹǡ‹ ‡ˆˆ‡ – ˆ”‘ ʹͻ ‡’–‡„‡” ͳͺͻͻǤ Š‡•‡ ’ƒ’‡”• ™‡”‡ •‹‰‡† ‹ ”‡–‘”‹ƒ ‘ –Š‡ ͳ͵  –‘„‡” ͳͺͻͻǤ ‘™ ƒ› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡ ‡‹˜‡† •— Š ’ƒ’‡”• ‹• †‹ˆˆ‹ —Ž– –‘ ‡•–‹ƒ–‡ǡ ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ›™‹–Š”‡‰ƒ”†–‘–Š‡‡™”‡ ”—‹–•ǤŠ‡Žƒ ‘ˆ†‘ —‡–ƒ–‹‘ƒ‡•‹–™‡ŽŽǦ ‹‰Š‹’‘••‹„Ž‡–‘ƒ• ‡”–ƒ‹Ǥ‡‡”ǡǣ‘Ž—‡͵ǡȋ—”‰Š‡”ƒ’‡”• ”ƒ–‹‰ ‹–‹œ‡•Š‹’ȌǤ ‹“—‹•–ǡScandinaviansandSouthAfricaǡ’ͳ͸ͷǤ. 58.

(18) ‡”†‘˜Ȃ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒdzƒ‰ƒŠƒ”–ƒdzǫ . ƒ›‡„‡”•Žƒ–‡”†‡‹‡†ƒ›‹–‡”‡•–‹•— Š’”‘•’‡ –•ǡƒ†‘’’‘•‡†–Š‡‘–‹‘ –Šƒ––Š‡›™‡”‡•‹’Ž›Dz‡” ‡ƒ”‹‡•dzǤͳ͵  Š‡ ‘”’• ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡† „”‹‡ˆŽ› ‹ –Š‡ •‹‡‰‡ ‘ˆ ƒˆ‡‹‰ ȋ–‘†ƒ› ‘™ ƒ• ƒŠ‹‡‰Ȍ „—– ƒ†‡ ‘ ‰”‡ƒ– ‹’ƒ – –Š‡”‡ ƒ† Šƒ† ƒŽ”‡ƒ†› ‘˜‡† ‘ „‡ˆ‘”‡ –Š‡ •‹‡‰‡ ƒ‡–‘ƒ‡†Ǥ

(19) •–‡ƒ†‹–™ƒ•ƒ–ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹ǡ‡ƒ”‹„‡”Ž‡›ǡ–Šƒ––Š‡‹”‘•– ‡‘”ƒ„Ž‡„ƒ––Ž‡™ƒ•ˆ‘—‰Š–Ǥ

(20) –™ƒ•Š‡”‡–Šƒ–ƒ„‘—–ͷͲ‡„‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘”’•™‡”‡ •–ƒ–‹‘‡† ƒ– ƒ ’‹ ‡–ǡ ™‹–Š –™‘ ‘‡” ‘ƒ†‘• ’Žƒ ‡† ‡ƒ”„›ǡ ƒ† –Š‡› ™‡– ‹–‘ ‘„ƒ– ƒ‰ƒ‹•– –Š‡  ‘––‹•Š ‹‰ŠŽƒ†‡”• ‘ –Š‡ ‘”‹‰ ‘ˆ ͳͳ ‡ ‡„‡” ͳͺͻͻǤ

(21) ‹–‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ–Š‡ ‘––‹•Š ‹‰ŠŽƒ†‡”•™‡”‡•—”’”‹•‡†„›–Š‡ˆ‹”‡ˆ”‘–Š‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ• ƒ† •—ˆˆ‡”‡† Š‡ƒ˜› Ž‘••‡•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‡› •‘‘ ”‡‰ƒ‹‡† –Š‡‹” ‘’‘•—”‡ ƒ† ƒƒ‰‡†–‘ ‹” —˜‡––Š‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ•ǯŽ‹‡•ǡ™Š‡”‡—’‘–Š‡–ƒ„Ž‡•™‡”‡–—”‡†Ǥ ‹‰Š–‡‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ• †‹‡† ƒ† ‘Ž› ƒ ˆ‡™ ƒƒ‰‡† –‘ ”‡–”‡ƒ– –‘ –Š‡ ‘‡” Ž‹‡• ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘”’• ƒ”‡ „‡Ž‹‡˜‡† –‘ Šƒ˜‡ ”‡ƒ‹‡†Ǥ Š‡ ”‡•– ‘ˆ –Š‘•‡™Š‘Šƒ†„‡‡•–ƒ–‹‘‡†ƒ––Š‡’‹ ‡–Žƒ›™‘—†‡†ƒ†™‡”‡•‘‘ ƒ’–—”‡†„› –Š‡”‹–‹•ŠǤ ‹˜‡‘ˆ–Š‡™‘—†‡†‡Žƒ–‡”†‹‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡‹Œ—”‹‡•–Š‡›Šƒ†•—ˆˆ‡”‡†‹ –Š‡„ƒ––Ž‡ǤͳͶ  ͳ͵Ǥ. ͳͶǤ. DzŽƒ†‘‡”ƒdzǡSydsvenskaDagbladetSnällposten,ʹͺ —Ž›ͳͻͲͳǢ”ǡǣ‘Ž—‡ͳǡ ‡”¡––‡Ž•‡ ‘ ‘‡””‹‰‡– ‘ Š ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹•ƒ ¤”‡ ƒ˜ ”‹ –¤Ž„‡”‰ ȋͳͻͳͲȌǡ ’—„Ž‹•Š‡† ƒ—• ”‹’–Ǣ ƒ”Ž••‘ǡ Dz‘”•‡ ‡ƒ•Œ‘‡” ’¤ ‘‡””‹‰‡ǡ ͳͺͻͻȂͳͻͲʹdzǡ ’’ ͻͷȂͻ͸Ǣ ǤǤ Ž—†ǡ DzŠ‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ• ƒ† –Š‡ ‘‡” ƒ”dzǡ South Africa Internationalǡ ͳͲ ȋͳͻͺͲȌǡ ’’ ʹʹ͵ȂʹʹͺǢ ƒŽ‡ǡ DzŠ‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’• ‹ –Š‡ ‡ ‘† ‰Ž‘Ǧ‘‡”ƒ”dzǡ’ʹʹͷǤ Š‡ –‘–ƒŽ —„‡” ‘ˆ ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’• ™Š‘ ’‡”‹•Š‡† ƒ– ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹Šƒ•‘ˆ–‡„‡‡‡šƒ‰‰‡”ƒ–‡†ǡ—•—ƒŽŽ›„‡ ƒ—•‡‹–‹ Ž—†‡•–Š‘•‡™Š‘†‹‡† ‹ ‘„ƒ– ƒ– ƒƒ”†‡„‡”‰Ǥ Š‹• ‹• ™Š› –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ ʹͺ ƒ‡• ‡‰”ƒ˜‡† ‘ –Š‡ ‘”‡”•–‘‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‹”•–‘—‡–ǡ™Š‡”‡ƒ•‘Ž›ʹ͵†‹‡†ƒ–ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹Ǥ–Š‹•ǡ •‡‡Dz˜‡•ƒ”‡‹”‹‰‡–dzǡGöteborgsHandelsochSjöfartstidning,͵ƒ” ŠͳͻͲͲǢDz ‘• ‡˜‡•”‹‰•ˆ¤‰‡dzǡDagensNyheter,ʹͲ ‡„”—ƒ”›ͳͻͲͲǢ ǤǤ ƒ‡ǡBlandBoeroch Britter:SkildringarfrånKrigetiSydafrika,1898–1900:Med16Illustr.efterFotografier ȋ Š‹†–• ‘–”Ǥǡ ‡Ž•‹‰„‘”‰ǡ ͳͻͲͳȌǡ ’’ ͶͶȂͷ͸Ǣ Dz˜‡•ƒ”‡ ‹ ‘‡””‹‰‡–dzǡ SydsvenskaDagbladetSnällposten,͸ƒ” ŠͳͻͲͶǢǤ–¤Ž„‡”‰ǡDzƒ†‹ƒ˜‹•ƒ¤”‡dzǡ Vårt Försvarǡ ȋͳͻͲͶȌǡ ’’ ͳͻȂʹͲǤ ‡‡ ƒŽ•‘ ”ǡ ǣ ‘Ž—‡ ʹͷǡ ‡––‡” ˆ”‘ ŒƒŽƒ” ƒ‡ ‡––‡”•‘ –‘ ”Žƒ† ‘••„‡”‰ǡ ʹ͵ —‰—•– ͳͻͲͶǢ ”ǡ ǣ ‘Ž—‡ ʹͷǡ ‡––‡” ˆ”‘ǤŽƒ—†‡Ž‹–‘”Žƒ†‘••„‡”‰ǡͶ‡’–‡„‡”ͳͻͲͶǢ”ǡǣ‘Ž—‡ʹ͸ǡ‹Žƒ‰ƒ ȋ‡š—”‡Ȍǡ Ǥ

(22) Ǥ Žƒ‰‡– ˜‹† ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹ †‡ ͳͳǤ †‡ Ǥ ͳͺͻͻ ‡Ž–ƒ‰ƒ†‡ ƒ˜ †‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹•ƒ ¤”‡Ǣ ‘”†ƒ ȋ‡†ǤȌǡ Boerer och Engelsmänǡ ’’ ͵ͶȂ͵͸ǡ ͶͳȂͷʹ ƒ† ͸͸Ǣ ”ǡ ǣ ‘Ž—‡ ͳǡ ‡”¡––‡Ž•‡ ‘ ‘‡””‹‰‡– ‘ Š ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹•ƒ ¤”‡ ƒ˜ ”‹ –¤Ž„‡”‰ȋͳͻͳͲȌǡ’—„Ž‹•Š‡†ƒ—• ”‹’–Ǣ ǤǤ††‰”‡HjältarnavidMagersfontein: en Skildring av den Skandinaviska Kårens och Ambulansens den och ventyr [Minnesskrift]ȋ‡‡Ž‹‰ǡ–‘ Š‘ŽǡͳͻʹͶȌǡ’’Ͷ͵ȂͶͺǡͷͳȂͷ͵ǡͺ͸ȂͺͻǢ‰‰ŽƒǡRedogörelse över Magersfonteinǡ ’ ͸Ǣ Ǥ ‘Žƒǡ Dz ‹‹•Š ƒ””‹‘”• ‹ –Š‡ ‘—–Š ˆ”‹ ƒ ƒ”dzǡ Siirtolaisuus–Migrationǡ ͳ ȋͳͻ͹͹Ȍǡ ’ ͶǢ ǤǦ Ǥ Ž‹ǡ Afrikafeber ȋŽ‹‡šǡ ƒ‘„•–ƒ†ǡ ʹͲͲͲȌǡ’ͻ͵Ǣ ƒŽ‡ǡDzŠ‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ‘”’•‹–Š‡‡ ‘†‰Ž‘Ǧ‘‡”ƒ”dzǡ’’ʹʹͻȂ ʹ͵ʹǢ Ǥ ƒ••‘ǡ The Boer War: The Struggle for South Africa ȋ ‹•–‘”› ”‡••ǡ –”‘—†ǡ ʹͲͳͳȌǡ’ͳͶͶǤ. 59.

(23) ‡”†‘˜Ȃ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒdzƒ‰ƒŠƒ”–ƒdzǫ . Š› ™‡”‡ ƒŽŽ –Š‡ ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’• ‘– •–ƒ–‹‘‡† ƒ– –Š‡ ’‹ ‡–ǫ † ™Š› †‹† –Š‡› ‘– ”‡–”‡ƒ– ™Š‡ –Š‡› ™‡”‡ ƒ––ƒ ‡† „› ƒ — Š Žƒ”‰‡” ˆ‘” ‡ǫ Š‡ ƒ•™‡”• –‘ –Š‡•‡ “—‡•–‹‘• ”‡ƒ‹ —‘™ǡ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š •‘‡ Šƒ˜‡ •ƒ‹† –Šƒ– ‡‡”ƒŽ”‘Œ±ƒ•‡†–Š‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ•–‘ˆƒŽŽƒ––Š‡‹”’‘•–‹ˆ‡ ‡••ƒ”›ǡ”ƒ–Š‡” –Šƒ ”‡–”‡ƒ– Ȃ ƒ ‘”†‡” ™Š‹ Š –Š‡› ƒ’’‡ƒ” –‘ Šƒ˜‡ ‘„‡›‡† –‘ –Š‡ Ž‡––‡”Ǥ —– –Š‹• •–ƒ–‡‡– ‹• ‘–”ƒ†‹ –‡† „› ‡˜‹†‡ ‡ –Šƒ– ”‘Œ± †‹† ‹ ˆƒ – ‹••—‡ –Š‡ ‘”†‡” –‘ ”‡–”‡ƒ–ǡ ™Š‹ Š ‹•–”— –‹‘ –Š‡ ‘‡” ‘ƒ†‘• ‡ƒ”„› Šƒ† †—Ž› ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ™Š‡”‘Œ±‡––Š‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ•—”˜‹˜‘”•Žƒ–‡”ǡŠ‡ƒ•‡†–Š‡™Š› –Š‡‹”ˆƒŽŽ‡ ƒ’–ƒ‹ǡ ‘Šƒ‡• Ž›‰ƒ”‡ǡŠƒ††‹•‘„‡›‡†–Š‡‘”†‡”–‘ˆƒŽŽ„ƒ Ǥ ‘”†‹‰ –‘–Š‡ ‹‹•Š‡„‡”ǡ‹Žƒ•‹Ž—†ǡ Ž›‰ƒ”‡Šƒ†‘’’‘•‡†ƒ›•—‰‰‡•–‹‘–Šƒ–Š‹• ‡•Š‘—Ž†”‡–”‡ƒ–Ǥ†–Š‡ˆ‹”•–Ž‹‡—–‡ƒ–‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘”’•ǡ”‹–¤Ž„‡”‰ǡŽƒ–‡” Žƒ‹‡† ™‹–Š ‰”‡ƒ– ˆ‡”˜‘—” –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‘”†‡” –‘ ”‡–”‡ƒ– Šƒ† ‘– „‡‡ ‰‹˜‡ Ȃ ƒ† ‹ˆ ‹– Šƒ† „‡‡ ‹••—‡†ǡ‹–Šƒ† ‡”–ƒ‹Ž›‡˜‡”„‡‡”‡Žƒ›‡†–‘‡„‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘”’•Ǥͳͷ  ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’• ™ƒ• ‘–ǡ ƒ• •‘‡ Šƒ˜‡ ”—†‡Ž› ’—– ‹–ǡ Dz ‘’Ž‡–‡Ž› ƒ‹Š‹Žƒ–‡†dz ƒ– ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹Ǥͳ͸

(24) – ™ƒ• •‘‘ ”‡‹ˆ‘” ‡† ™‹–Š ‡™ ”‡ ”—‹–•ǡ ƒ† –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ• ƒ’’‘‹–‡† ƒ ‡™ ƒ’–ƒ‹ǡ –Š‡ ƒ‡ ‡• ”‹‹•Ǥ Š‡› ‘–‹—‡† –‘ ˆ‹‰Š– —†‡” –Š‡ ƒ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’• ƒ† ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡† ‡‡”ƒŽ ”‘Œ±ƒ•Š‡ƒ†Š‹•‘‡”ˆ‘” ‡•‘˜‡†‘Ǥ—––Š‡‹”Œ‘—”‡›™ƒ• —–•Š‘”–„‡ ƒ—•‡ –Š‡›™‡”‡†‡ˆ‡ƒ–‡†ƒ† ƒ’–—”‡†ǡ–‘‰‡–Š‡”™‹–Š–Š‡”‡•–‘ˆ”‘Œ±ǯ•‡ǡ™Š‡–Š‡‘Ž† ‰‡‡”ƒŽ ‡˜‡–—ƒŽŽ› •—””‡†‡”‡† –‘ –Š‡ ”‹–‹•Š ƒ– ƒƒ”†‡„‡”‰ ‹ ‡„”—ƒ”› ͳͻͲͲǤͳ͹ – –Š‡ ‡† ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™ƒ”ǡ ™Š‡ ’‡ƒ ‡ ™ƒ• †‡ Žƒ”‡†ǡ ‘•– ‘ˆ –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ• ”‡–—”‡† Š‘‡ –‘ –Š‡‹” ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘—–”‹‡•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‡”‡ ™‡”‡ ƒŽ•‘ –Š‘•‡ ™Š‘ ”‡–—”‡† –‘ ‘—–Šˆ”‹ ƒƒ‰ƒ‹ƒˆ–‡”•‘‡›‡ƒ”•Šƒ†’ƒ••‡†Ǥͳͺ  ͳͷ.. ͳ͸Ǥ. ͳ͹Ǥ ͳͺǤ. Dz˜‡•ƒ”‡‹”‹‰‡–dzǡGöteborgsHandelsochSjöfartstidning,͵ƒ” ŠͳͻͲͲǢDz ‘•‡ ˜‡•”‹‰•ˆ¤‰‡dzǡDagensNyheter,ʹͲ ‡„”—ƒ”›ͳͻͲͲǢ ƒ‡ǡBlandBoerochBritterǡ ’’ ͶͶȂͷ͸Ǣ Dz˜‡•ƒ”‡ ‹ ‘‡””‹‰‡–dzǡ Sydsvenska Dagbladet Snällposten, ͸ ƒ” Š ͳͻͲͶǢ –¤Ž„‡”‰ǡ ’’ ͳͻȂʹͲǢ ‘”†ƒ ȋ‡†ǤȌǡ Boerer och Engelsmänǡ ’’ ͵ͶȂ͵͸ǡ ͶͳȂͷʹ ƒ† ͸͸Ǣ ”ǡ ǣ ‘Ž—‡ ͳǡ ‡”¡––‡Ž•‡ ‘ ‘‡””‹‰‡– ‘ Š ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹•ƒ ¤”‡ ƒ˜ ”‹–¤Ž„‡”‰ȋͳͻͳͲȌǡ’—„Ž‹•Š‡†ƒ—• ”‹’–Ǣ††‰”‡ǡHjältarnavidMagersfonteinǡ ’’Ͷ͵ȂͶͺǡͷͳȂͷ͵ǡͺ͸ȂͺͻǤ Š‹• ”Š‡–‘”‹  ™ƒ• ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Ž› •–”‘‰ ‹ –Š‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– •—„• ”‹’–‹‘ ƒ’ƒ‹‰• –Šƒ– ™‡”‡Žƒ— Š‡†–‘ˆ—†–Š‡‘—‡–•ƒ†‡˜‡–• ‘‡‘”ƒ–‹‰–Š‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’•Ǥ ‡‡ ˆ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ ”ǡ ǣ ‹Žƒ‰ƒ Ǥ —„•”‹’–‹‘•Ž‹•–ƒǡ ‘Ž—‡ ʹ͸ǡ DzŠ‡ •ƒŽŽ ‘”’• ȋ•‘‡ ˆ‹ˆ–› ‡Ȍ ™ƒ• Š‡”‡„› ‘’Ž‡–‡Ž› ƒ‹Š‹Žƒ–‡†dzǡ ȋ–”ƒ•Žƒ–‡† „› –Š‡ ƒ—–Š‘”ȐǤ‡‡ƒŽ•‘”ǡǣ‘Ž—‡͵ǡ‡ ‹‰•Ž‹•–ƒǤ ‘”†ƒȋ‡†ǤȌǡBoererochEngelsmänǡ’’͸͵Ȃ͸͹ǡ͹ʹȂͻ͵Ǥ  ‘”†‹‰–‘‹Ž—†ƒ†–Š‡•‘‘ˆ ‘ŠŽˆ”‡†Ž—†ȋ™Š‘ˆ‘—‰Š–‹–Š‡ ‘”’•Ȍǡ–Š‡ • ™‡”‡ ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ ”‡ƒ‹ ‹ ‘—–Š ˆ”‹ ƒ ‹ˆ –Š‡› ’Ž‡†‰‡† ƒŽŽ‡‰‹ƒ ‡ –‘ –Š‡ ”‹–‹•Š ”‘™ǡ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š ‘•– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡Œ‡ –‡† –Š‡ ‘ˆˆ‡”Ǥ Ž—†ǯ• •‘ Žƒ–‡” ‡š’Žƒ‹‡† ‹ ƒ ‹–‡”˜‹‡™–Šƒ–•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ•™‡”‡‡š’‡ŽŽ‡†–‘–Š‡‡–Š‡”Žƒ†•ǡƒ†–Šƒ– ™Š‡‘—‹•‘–Šƒ˜‹•‹–‡†–Šƒ– ‘—–”›Š‡‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡†–Š‡–‘”‡–—”–‘‘—–Šˆ”‹ ƒǡ ™Š‹ Š –Š‡› Žƒ–‡” †‹†Ǥ ‡‡ ”ǡ ǣ ‹Žƒ‰ƒ Ǥ —„•”‹’–‹‘•Ž‹•–ƒǢ ‘”†ƒ ȋ‡†ǤȌǡ Boerer och Engelsmänǡ ’’ ͺͺȂͻʹǢ ‹“—‹•–ǡ Scandinavians and South Africaǡ ’ ͳ͹ͶǢ ƒ†Dz–‡ƒ˜˜‡• ”ƒ‹–dzǡSvenskaDagbladet,ͳͻ —‡ͳͻͺͺǤ. 60.

(25) ‡”†‘˜Ȃ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒdzƒ‰ƒŠƒ”–ƒdzǫ . Amonumentaltask(partone) 

(26) ͳͻͲͳǡ™Š‡‡„‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’•™‡”‡•–‹ŽŽ„‡‹‰Š‡Ž†ƒ•’”‹•‘‡”• ‘ˆ ™ƒ” ‘ – ‡Ž‡ƒ ƒ† ‹ ‡›Ž‘ǡ ƒ ‘‹––‡‡ ‘’”‹•‹‰ ƒ •ƒŽŽ ‰”‘—’ ‘ˆ  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ•™ƒ•ˆ‘”‡†‹‹„‡”Ž‡›ǤŠ‡ ‘‹––‡‡ǯ••‘Ž‡’—”’‘•‡™ƒ•–‘‡”‡ –ƒ ‘—‡– ‘‡‘”ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’• ƒ† –Š‘•‡ ‡„‡”• ™Š‘ ˆ‡ŽŽ †—”‹‰–Š‡„ƒ––Ž‡ƒ–ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹‹ͳͺͻͻǤ ‘”†‹‰–‘‹‡—–‡ƒ–”Žƒ†‘••„‡”‰ǡ ™Š‘ •‡”˜‡† ƒ• ƒ ™‡†‹•Š ‹Ž‹–ƒ”› ƒ––ƒ Š± ‹ –Š‡ ”‹–‹•Š ”› †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ‘—–Š ˆ”‹ ƒƒ”ǡŠ‡™ƒ•ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‡†„›–Š‹• ‘‹––‡‡Ǥ ‡™ƒ•ƒ•‡†–‘•‡‡•—’’‘”–‹  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒˆ‘”–Š‡’”‘’‘•‡†’”‘Œ‡ –Ǥ‘••„‡”‰ƒ‰”‡‡†ƒ†’Ž‡†‰‡†–‘™‘”–‹”‡Ž‡••Ž› –‘ ƒ Š‹‡˜‡ –Š‹• ‰‘ƒŽǤ ƒ–‡”ǡ ™Š‡ Š‡ ”‡–—”‡† –‘ ™‡†‡ Š‡ ˆ‘—†‡† –Š‡ ‡–”ƒŽ‘‹––± ˆÚ”‹‡•˜¤”†‡• ‡•ƒ†‡  ȋ‡–”ƒŽ ‘‹––‡‡ ˆ‘” ”‡ –‹‰ –Š‡ ‡‘”‹ƒŽȌ‹–‘ Š‘Ž–‘‰‡–Š‡”™‹–Š‘Ž‘‡Ž Ǥ

(27) Ǥ˜‘ ‡Žƒ†ƒ†Š‹•ˆ”‹‡† ƒ”ƒŽ† ‘ŠŽƒǡ™Š‘™ƒ•–Š‡ Š‹‡ˆ‡†‹–‘”‘ˆ–Š‡™‡†‹•Š‡™•’ƒ’‡”AftonbladetǤͳͻ 

(28) ͳͻͲʹǡ‘••„‡”‰”‡ ‡‹˜‡†ƒŽ‡––‡”ˆ”‘–Š‡‹„‡”Ž‡›‘‹––‡‡ǡ‹™Š‹ Š‹– ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‡† ‘ ‹†‡ƒ• ˆ‘” –Š‡ †‡•‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘—‡–Ǥ Š‡› ™ƒ–‡† ƒ DzƒŽŽ‘”†‹•–dz ȋƒŽŽǦ‘”†‹ Ȍ‘—‡–ǡ ‘’”‹•‹‰ƒ„ƒ—–ƒ•–‡ʹͲȋƒ–›’‡‘ˆ‘‘Ž‹–ŠȌ–Šƒ–™ƒ•–‘„‡ •—””‘—†‡†„›ˆ‘—” ‘”‡”•–‘‡•‡‰”ƒ˜‡†™‹–Š•›„‘Ž‹ •Š‹‡Ž†ƒ‹†‡•ȀƒŽ›”‹‡•Ǣʹͳ –Š‡ ƒ‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆƒŽŽ‡Ǣ ƒ† –Š‡ ƒ‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‘—”  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘—–”‹‡• ‹ –Š‡ ‘”’•ǡƒ‡Ž›˜‡ƒȋ™‡†‡ȌǢ‘”ƒȋ‘”™ƒ›Ȍǡƒƒȋ‡ƒ”Ȍƒ†—‘‹ȋ ‹Žƒ†ȌǤ  ‘”†‹‰Ž›ǡ–Š‡‘—‡–‹•‹• ”‹„‡†™‹–ŠŠ‹•–‘”‹ •›„‘Ž•ƒ†ƒ‡•–Šƒ–ƒŽŽ—†‡ –‘ƒ•Šƒ”‡† ‘‘’ƒ•–ȋ–Šƒ–‹•ǡ–Š‡‹‹‰•ȌǤŠ‹••›„‘Ž‹•‡†–Š‡ˆ—•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘—”  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘—–”‹‡• ‹–‘ ‘‡ ‹ƒ‰‹‡† ™Š‘Ž‡Ǥʹʹ —”‹‰ –Š‡ •’”‹‰ ‘ˆ ͳͻͲ͵ǡ –Š‡ ‹„‡”Ž‡› ‘‹––‡‡ǯ• ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ ™ƒ• ’—„Ž‹•Š‡† ‹ –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‡™•’ƒ’‡”•Ǥ  ’Ž‡ƒ ™ƒ• ‹••—‡† –‘ –Š‡ ’ƒ–”‹‘–‹  ‡ ƒ† ™‘‡ ‹  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ˆ‘” •—’’‘”– Ȃ ͳͻǤ. ʹͲǤ. ʹͳǤ. ʹʹǤ. ”ǡ ǣ ‘Ž—‡ ʹ͸ǡ ‡†‘‰Ú”‡Ž•‡ ˆÚ” ‹ŽŽ‘•–‡ ƒ˜ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‘—‡–‡– ˜‹† ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹Ǣ Ǥ ‘••„‡”‰ǡ Minnen Från Tre Krig och Från Krig i Fred ȋ‘‹‡”ǡ –‘ Š‘ŽǡͳͻͶ͵Ȍǡ’’ͳ͹ȂʹͲǤ „ƒ—–ƒ•–‡‹•ƒ–›’‡‘ˆ‹‹‰‡‘”‹ƒŽǡ„—–‹–Š‡ ƒ•‡‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒ—–ƒ•–‡‡”‡ –‡†‹ Š‘‘—”‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ‘”’•ǡ„‡ ƒ—•‡‹–‹•‡‰”ƒ˜‡†‹–‹••–”‹ –Ž›•’‡ƒ‹‰‘–ƒ –”—‡ „ƒ—–ƒ•–‡Ǥ ‡‡ Ǥ ‡‹Œ‡” ȋ‡†ǤȌǡ Nordisk Familjebok: Konversations Lexikon och Realencyklopediȋ‘”†‹• ƒ‹ŽŒ‡„‘• ڔŽƒ‰ǡ–‘ Š‘ŽǡͳͻͲͶȌǡ’’ͳͲͻͷȂͳͲͻ͸Ǥ Š‹‡Ž†ƒ‹†‡•ȋ‹™‡†‹•Šǣ•ÚŽ†ÚȌ‘ˆ–‡ƒ’’‡ƒ”‹ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ǡƒ†‘Ž† ‹‹‰•ƒ‰ƒ•ǡƒ•™ƒ””‹‘”™‘‡ǤŠ‡•Š‹‡Ž†ƒ‹†‡‹•’‹”‡†–Š‡„‡Ž‹‡ˆ‹–Š‡ƒŽ›”‹‡•ǡ ™Š‹ Š™‡”‡›–Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ„‡‹‰•„‡Ž‹‡˜‡†–‘„‡’”‡•‡–‘–Š‡„ƒ––Ž‡ˆ‹‡Ž†–‘–”ƒ•’‘”– –Š‡•Žƒ‹Š‡”‘‡•–‘ƒŽŠƒŽŽƒǡ–Š‡ŠƒŽŽ‘ˆ†‹Ǥ ‘”†‹‰–‘¡••–”ڏǡƒŽ›”‹‡Ž‹–‡”ƒŽŽ› ‡ƒ• Dz–Š‘•‡ ™Š‘ •‡Ž‡ – –Š‡ •Žƒ‹dzǤ ‡‡ ǦǤ ¡••–”ڏǡ Nordiska Gudinnor: Nytolkningar av den Förkristna Mytologin ȋ‘‹‡”ǡ –‘ Š‘Žǡ ʹͲͲͻȌǡ ’ ͳͷ͹Ǣ ƒ† Ǥ ‡•–”‹ ȋ‡†ǤȌǡ Nordisk Familjebok: Konversations Lexikon och Realencyklopedi ȋ‘”†‹• ƒ‹ŽŒ‡„‘• ڔŽƒ‰ǡ–‘ Š‘Žǡͳͻͳ͹Ȍǡ’’ͳ͵͹ͳȂͳ͵͹ʹǤ ”ǡǣ‘Ž—‡ʹͷǡ‡––‡”ˆ”‘ǤǤƒŠ–‘”Žƒ†‘••„‡”‰ǡͳ‘˜‡„‡”ͳͻͲʹǢ Dz‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹•ƒ Œ¡Ž–ƒ”ƒ ˜‹† ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹Ǥ  ‹‡•˜¤”† „Ú” ‡•ƒ•dzǡ Aftonbladet, ʹͶ ’”‹Ž ͳͻͲ͵Ǣ Dz–– ڔ•Žƒ‰ –‹ŽŽ ‘—‡–dzǡ Göteborgs Handels och Sjöfartstidning, ʹͷ ’”‹Ž ͳͻͲ͵Ǣ Dz‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹•ƒ Œ¡Ž–ƒ”ƒ ˜‹† ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹ǣ ’’”‘’ˆÚ”

(29) •ƒŽ‹‰–‹ŽŽ‹‡•˜¡”†dzǡAftonbladet,͸ —‡ͳͻͲ͵Ǥ. 61.

(30) ‡”†‘˜Ȃ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒdzƒ‰ƒŠƒ”–ƒdzǫ . ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ›•‹ ‡‹–ƒ’’‡ƒ”•–Šƒ––Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡Šƒ†ˆƒ‹Ž‡†–‘‰ƒ‹–Š‡•—’’‘”–‘ˆˆ‡ŽŽ‘™  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ•‹‘—–Šˆ”‹ ƒǡ‘”ƒ•–Š‡›–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•‡š’Žƒ‹‡†ǣ  ‘”†‹ƒŽ‹˜‹–ƒ–‹‘•™‡”‡•‡––‘ƒˆˆŽ—‡– ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ•‹–Š‡ƒ’‡‘Ž‘›ƒ†‹ ƒ–ƒŽǡƒ•‹‰ˆ‘”–Š‡‹”•—’’‘”–ˆ‘”–Š‡’”‘Œ‡ –Ȃ„‘–Šˆ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽŽ›ƒ†‹ƒƒ†˜‹•‘”› ƒ’ƒ ‹–›Ǥ Žƒ•ǡ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š –Š‡› ‰”ƒ ‡ˆ—ŽŽ› ƒ ‡’–‡† –Š‡ ‹˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ǡ –Š‡› Š‘•‡ –‘ ‘’’‘•‡”ƒ–Š‡”–Šƒ–‘•—’’‘”––Š‡ȏ‹„‡”Ž‡›Ȑ‘‹––‡‡ǯ•‡†‡ƒ˜‘—”•–‘‡”‡ – ƒ‡‘”‹ƒŽˆ‘”–Š‘•‡™Š‘Šƒ†’‡”‹•Š‡†Ǥʹ͵.   •‹‹Žƒ” ”‡ƒ” ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ ƒ’’ƒ”‡– †‹•‹–‡”‡•– ƒ‘‰  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ• ”‡•‹†‡–‹‘—–Šˆ”‹ ƒ–‘Œ‘‹–Š‡ ƒ’ƒ‹‰–‘‡”‡ –ƒ‘—‡–‹ ‘‡‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ‘”’•™ƒ•ƒŽ•‘˜‘‹ ‡†„›ƒˆ‘”‡”‡„‡”‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘”’•ǡ ŒƒŽƒ” ƒ‡ ‡––‡”•‘Ǥ

(31)  ƒ ’”‹˜ƒ–‡ Ž‡––‡” –‘ ‘••„‡”‰ Š‡ •–ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š — ‘ ‡ƒŽ‡† „‹––‡”‡••ǣ 

(32) Š‡ƒ”†ˆ”‘›ˆ”‹ ƒˆ”‹‡†–Šƒ––Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡‹‘—–Šˆ”‹ ƒŠƒ††‹ˆˆ‹ —Ž–› ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‰ƒ›–Š‹‰ǡ‹’ƒ”–„‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆ’”‡••—”‡ˆ”‘–Š‡‰Ž‹•ŠǤ ‡ȏ–‘Ž†‡–Šƒ– Š‡Ȑ †ƒ”‡† ‘– •—’’‘”– –Š‡ ’”‘Œ‡ –ǡ „‡ ƒ—•‡ Š‹• ȏ‰Ž‹•ŠȐ ‡’Ž‘›‡” Šƒ† •ƒ‹† ‘—–”‹‰Š– –Šƒ– –Š‘•‡ ™Š‘ •‹‰‡† ‹– ™‘—Ž† DzŠ—”– ‘—” ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰•dzǤ

(33) †‡‡†ǡ ‘•–  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ•Šƒ˜‡‘™ƒ––ƒ Š‡†–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•–‘–Š‡‰Ž‹•Š‡ǡ™Š‹ Š•Š‘—Ž†„‡ ”‡•’‡ –‡† „‡ ƒ—•‡ –Š‡ ”‹• ‘ˆ •–ƒ”˜‹‰ –‘ †‡ƒ–Š Šƒ• –Š‡”‡„› „‡‡ Ž‡••‡‡† •‘‡™Šƒ–Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‹•†‘‡•‘–‡š’Žƒ‹™Š›‡š––‘‘–Š‹‰Šƒ•„‡‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡† ‹ –Š‡ ”ƒ•˜ƒƒŽǡ ™Š‡”‡ǡ ‹ –Š‡ ’ƒ•–ǡ ƒ ͉ͷ ‘–‡ ‡ƒ•‹Ž› ™‡– –‘ Ž‡•• Š‘‘—”ƒ„Ž‡ ‡†•ǤʹͶ.  Š—•ǡ–Š‡™‘”‘ˆ‘••„‡”‰ƒ†–Š‡‡–”ƒŽ‘‹––‡‡’”‘˜‡†‹˜ƒŽ—ƒ„Ž‡ˆ‘” –Š‡ ”‡ƒŽ‹•ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’”‘Œ‡ –Ǥ

(34) †‡‡†ǡ ‹– ™ƒ• ‘– ‘–”‹„—–‹‘• ”ƒ‹•‡† ™‹–Š‹ ‘—–Š ˆ”‹ ƒ„—–”ƒ–Š‡”–Š‘•‡ˆ”‘–Š‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘—–”‹‡•™Š‹ Šˆ—†‡†–Š‡‘—‡–ǡ ƒˆƒ –™Š‹ Š‹†•˜‹ˆƒ‹Ž•–‘‡–‹‘Ǥ™‡†‡ ‘–”‹„—–‡†‘•–‘ˆ–Š‡‘‡›ǡƒ†–Š‡ „—Ž ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘–”‹„—–‹‘• ƒ‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ™‡†‹•Š ƒ”›Ǥ

(35) †‡‡†ǡ ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹ ™ƒ• ‘‘Ž›Šƒ‹Ž‡†ƒ•ƒ–‡•–ƒ‡––‘–Š‡™‡†‹•Šȋƒ† ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒȌƒ”–‹ƒŽ•’‹”‹–ǡƒ† –Š‡„ƒ––Ž‡™ƒ•‡˜‡‡–‹‘‡†ƒ•ƒ Žƒ••‹ ‡šƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ‰”‡ƒ– ‘—”ƒ‰‡ƒ†‡†—”ƒ ‡‹ –Š‡‹•–”— –‹‘„‘‘Ž‡–•–Šƒ–™‡”‡Šƒ†‡†‘—––‘ƒŽŽ•‘Ž†‹‡”•‹–Š‡™‡†‹•Šƒ”›Ǥʹͷ Š‹• ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡ ™ƒ• ‹ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ‹†‹‘ ƒ• –Š‡ ’”ƒ‹•‡ •—””‘—†‹‰ –Š‡  ‘––‹•Š ‘—‡–ǡ ‘‡‘”ƒ–‹‰ –Š‘•‡ „”ƒ˜‡ ‹‰ŠŽƒ†‡”• ™Š‘ Šƒ† ˆ‘—‰Š– ƒ‰ƒ‹•– –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’• ƒ† ’‡”‹•Š‡† ‹ –Š‡ „ƒ––Ž‡ ƒ– ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹Ǥ Š‡ ‹• ”‹’–‹‘ ‘ˆ. ʹ͵Ǥ ʹͶǤ ʹͷǤ. Dz‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹•ƒ Œ¡Ž–ƒ”ƒ ˜‹† ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹Ǥ  ‹‡•˜¤”† „Ú” ‡•ƒ•dzǡ ȋ–”ƒ•Žƒ–‡†„›–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”ȌǡAftonbladet,ʹͶ’”‹ŽͳͻͲ͵Ǥ ”ǡ ǣ ‘Ž—‡ ʹͷǡ ‡––‡” ˆ”‘ ŒƒŽƒ” ƒ‡ ‡––‡”•‘ –‘ ”Žƒ† ‘••„‡”‰ǡ ͳͻ ‘˜‡„‡”ͳͻͲͶȋ–”ƒ•Žƒ–‡†„›–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”ȌǤ Undervisning för Infanteristenǡ –‘ Š‘Žǡ ‡–‹‘‡† ‹ ‡˜‡”› ‡†‹–‹‘ ˆ”‘ ͳͻͲͶ –‘ ͳͻͳ͹Ǣ ”ǡ ǣ ‘Ž—‡ ʹ͸ǡ ‡†‘‰Ú”‡Ž•‡ ˆÚ” ‹ŽŽ‘•–‡ ƒ˜ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‘—‡–‡– ˜‹† ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹Ǣ ”ǡ ǣ ‘Ž—‡ ʹ͸ǡ ‹Žƒ‰ƒ Ǥ —„•”‹’–‹‘•Ž‹•–ƒǢ ‘••„‡”‰ǡ MinnenFrånTreKrigochFrånKrigiFredǡ’ͻͷǤ. 62.

(36) ‡”†‘˜Ȃ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒdzƒ‰ƒŠƒ”–ƒdzǫ . –Š‹• ‘—‡– ”‡ƒ†•ǣ Dz ‘–Žƒ† ‹• ’‘‘”‡” ‹ ‡ǡ „—– ”‹ Š‡” ‹ Š‡”‘‡•dzǡ ƒ• Žƒ‹‡  ƒ”Žƒ†•Š‘™•Ǥʹ͸  Š‡ ‘”’• Šƒ† ƒ’–—”‡† –Š‡ Š‡ƒ”–• ƒ† ‹†• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‡†‡•ǡ ƒ† ƒ• ‡ƒ”Ž› ƒ•  –‘„‡” ͳͻͲͶǡ –Š‡ „ƒ—–ƒ•–‡ ƒ† –Š‡ ™‡†‹•Š ‘”‡”•–‘‡ ȋ„‘–Š ‘ˆ ™Š‹ Š ™‡†‡ ’ƒ‹† ˆ‘”Ȍ ™‡”‡ •‡– ‘ˆˆ –‘ ‘—–Š ˆ”‹ ƒǤ Š‡ ‹†‡ƒ ™ƒ• –‘ •Š‹’ –Š‡ ”‡ƒ‹‹‰ ’ƒ”–• „‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡›‡ƒ”ǡ„—––Š‡’”‘Œ‡ –™ƒ•†‡Žƒ›‡†Ȃ’ƒ”–Ž›„‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆƒ•Ž‘™‡” ”ƒ–‡ ‘ˆ ‘–”‹„—–‹‘• ‹ ‘”™ƒ› ƒ† ‡ƒ” ȋ‡ƒ Š ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‰ ‘—–”› ™ƒ• •—’’‘•‡† –‘ ˆ—† ‹–• ‘™ ‘”‡”•–‘‡ȌǤʹ͹

(37)  ͳͻͲ͹ǡ ™Š‡ ƒ– Žƒ•– ƒŽŽ –Š‡ ’‹‡ ‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘—‡–Šƒ†ƒ””‹˜‡†‹‘—–Šˆ”‹ ƒǡ‡™†‹ˆˆ‹ —Ž–‹‡•ƒ”‘•‡„‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡‹„‡”Ž‡› ‘‹––‡‡ǡ Žƒ ‡† •—ˆˆ‹ ‹‡– ˆ—†• –‘ –”ƒ•’‘”– –Š‡ ‘—‡– –‘ ‹–• †‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘ ƒ– –Š‡ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹•‹–‡ǤŠ‹•‹ˆ—”‹ƒ–‡†‘••„‡”‰™Š‘Žƒ–‡” Žƒ‹‡†–‘Šƒ˜‡’ƒ‹†ˆ‘” –Š‡‘—‡–DzƒŽŽ„››•‡ŽˆdzȂ™Š‹ Š‹•‹’”‘„ƒ„Ž‡†—‡–‘‹–•Š‹‰Š ‘•–Ǥ

(38) –™ƒ•‘•– Ž‹‡Ž› ˆ‹ƒ ‡† –Š”‘—‰Š ƒ ‡™ •—„• ”‹’–‹‘ ƒ’ƒ‹‰Ǥʹͺ Š‡ –Š‡ ‘—‡– ™ƒ• ‡”‡ –‡† ‹– ™ƒ• ‘–ǡ ƒ• ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽŽ› ’Žƒ‡†ǡ ’Žƒ ‡† ‘ –Š‡ •‹–‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ•ǯ ‰”ƒ˜‡• „‡ ƒ—•‡ –Š‡ ‘™‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡ Žƒ† ‘’’‘•‡† –Š‹• •—‰‰‡•–‹‘Ǥ

(39) – ™ƒ• ‡˜‡–—ƒŽŽ› ’Žƒ ‡†‘ƒŠ‹ŽŽ•‘‡ˆ‹˜‡‹Ž‘‡–”‡•ƒ™ƒ›Ǥʹͻ . ʹ͸Ǥ ʹ͹Ǥ. ʹͺǤ. ʹͻǤ. ǤǤ  ƒ”Žƒ†ǡ Dz‘‡‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘—–Š ˆ”‹ ƒ ƒ” ‹  ‘–Žƒ†ǡ ͳͻͲͲȂͳͲdzǡ TheScottishHistoricalReviewǡͺͻǡʹȋ –‘„‡”ʹͲͳͲȌǡ’’ͳͻͶȂʹʹ͵ƒ–’ͳͻͷǤ ‹Žƒ†ǯ• ‘”‡”•–‘‡Šƒ†ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›„‡‡’ƒ‹†ˆ‘”„›ƒ ‘’ƒ›‹ ‡Ž•‹‰ˆ‘”•ǡ„—–™ƒ• †‡Žƒ›‡†‘‡–Š‡Ž‡••Ǥ‡‡”ǡǣ‘Ž—‡ʹͷǡDz

(40) •ƒŽ‹‰ƒ”‹ŽŽ‡¤”†ڈ˜‡”†‡˜‹† ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹–—’ƒ†‡ƒ†‹ƒ˜‡”ƒǤdzǡ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†‡™•’ƒ’‡”†ƒ–‡†ͳ͸‘˜‡„‡” ͳͻͲ͵Ǣ Dzƒ†‹ƒ˜‘—‡–‡– ˜‹† ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹dzǡ Aftonbladet, ͳͻ ƒ—ƒ”› ͳͻͲͶǢ Dzƒ†‹ƒ˜‘—‡–‡– ˜‹† ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹dzǡ Aftonbladet, ͳʹ ‘˜‡„‡” ͳͻͲͶǢ ”ǡ ǣ ‘Ž—‡ ʹͷǡ‡––‡”ˆ”‘Ǥƒ–‘”Žƒ† ‘••„‡”‰ǡͳͳ‘˜‡„‡”ͳͻͲͶǢ”ǡ ǣ ‘Ž—‡ ʹͷǡ ‡––‡” ˆ”‘ Ǥ ƒ –‘ ”Žƒ† ‘••„‡”‰ǡ Ͷ ƒ› ͳͻͲͷǢ Dz‡– ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹•ƒƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹‘—‡–‡–•៬†‡dzǡAftonbladet,͵‘˜‡„‡”ͳͻͲ͸Ǥ‡‡ ƒŽ•‘ ‹•ƒ”‹˜‡–ǡ ™‡†‹•Š –ƒ–‡ ” Š‹˜‡• ȋŠ‡”‡ƒˆ–‡” Ȍǡ –”‹‡•†‡’ƒ”–‡‡–‡– ͳͻͲʹ ¤”•‘••‹‡”•›•–‡ͳ͹ͶͺȂͳͻʹͲȋŠ‡”‡ƒˆ–‡”ͳ͹ͶͺȂͳͻʹͲȌǡ‘Ž—‡ʹͶͷ͸ǡ‘••‹‡”͵ͳǡ ‹Ž‡ǡͳͻǡ‡Ž‡‰”ƒˆ”‘–Š‡™‡†‹•Š‘•—ŽǦ ‡‡”ƒŽ‹ƒ’‡‘™–‘ –Š‡™‡†‹•Š ‹‹•–‡”‘ˆ ‘”‡‹‰ˆˆƒ‹”•ǡͳ͹‡ ‡„‡”ͳͻͲ͹Ǣƒ†”ǡǣ‘Ž—‡ʹ͸ǡ‡†‘‰Ú”‡Ž•‡ ˆÚ”‹ŽŽ‘•–‡ƒ˜ƒ†‹ƒ˜‘—‡–‡–˜‹†ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹Ǥ Š‡™‡†‹•Š ‘•—ŽǦ‰‡‡”ƒŽ‹ƒ’‡ ‘™ ƒŽ•‘’”‘˜‹†‡†ƒ••‹•–ƒ ‡ƒ†ƒƒ‰‡†–‘ ”‡†— ‡ —•–‘ ˆ‡‡• ƒ† –”ƒ•’‘”– ‘•–•Ǥ ‡‡ ǡ  ͳ͹ͶͺȂͳͻʹͲǡ ‘Ž—‡ ʹͶͷ͸ǡ ‘••‹‡”͵ͳǡ ‹Ž‡ǡͳͻǡ‡Ž‡‰”ƒˆ”‘–Š‡™‡†‹•Š‘•—ŽǦ ‡‡”ƒŽ‹ƒ’‡‘™–‘–Š‡ ™‡†‹•Š ‹‹•–‡” ‘ˆ ‘”‡‹‰ ˆˆƒ‹”•ǡ ͳ͹ ‡ ‡„‡” ͳͻͲ͹Ǥ ‡‡ ”ǡ ǣ ‘Ž—‡ ʹͷǡ ƒ‡ ‡––‡”•‘ǯ• ƒŽŽ ˆ‘” ‘–”‹„—–‹‘•ǡ Dz’’”‘’Ǩ ‹‡•˜¤”†‡ ˜‹† ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹dzǢ ƒ† ”ǡ ǣ ‘Ž—‡ ʹ͸ǡ ‡––‡” ˆ”‘ Ǥ ‘••„‡”‰ –‘ ƒ”Ž —•–ƒˆ Dz ڕ–ƒdz ”ƒ‡ǡ ͳ͸ ƒ—ƒ”›ͳͻ͵ͻǤ

(41) – ™ƒ• •ƒ‹† –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‘™‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡ Žƒ† ™ƒ• ƒ  ‘– ™Š‘ ‘’’‘•‡† –Š‡ ‹„‡”Ž‡› ‘‹––‡‡ǯ•”‡“—‡•––‘‡”‡ ––Š‡‘—‡–ƒ––Š‡‰”ƒ˜‡•‹–‡•„‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆŠ‹•Šƒ–”‡†‘ˆ –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ• ™Š‘ Šƒ† ˆ‘—‰Š– Š‹• ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™ ‘—–”›‡ǡ –Š‡  ‘––‹•Š ‹‰ŠŽƒ†‡”•Ǥ ‡‡ Dz‡– ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹•ƒ ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹ ‘—‡–‡–• ៬†‡dzǡ Aftonbladet, ͵ ‘˜‡„‡” ͳͻͲ͸Ǣƒ†”ǡǣ‘Ž—‡͵ǡ‡ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹•ƒ ”ƒ˜ƒ”ƒ˜‹†ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹Ǥ. 63.

(42) ‡”†‘˜Ȃ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒdzƒ‰ƒŠƒ”–ƒdzǫ . . . Figure1ǣ•‡– Š‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘’‘•‡†‘—‡––‘„‡‡”‡ –‡†ƒ–ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹ǡ ‘’”‹•‹‰ƒ „ƒ—–ƒ•–‡ȋ‘‘Ž‹–ŠȌ•—””‘—†‡†„›ˆ‘—” ‘”‡”•–‘‡•ǡ‡‰”ƒ˜‡†™‹–Š•Š‹‡Ž†ƒ‹†‡•ƒ†–Š‡ ƒ‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ˆƒŽŽ‡ǤŠ‡•‡– Š™ƒ•’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡•—„• ”‹’–‹‘ ƒ’ƒ‹‰‹ͳͻͲ͵ȀͲͶ‹™‡†‡Ǥ ƒ–‡”ǡ–Š‡„ƒ—–ƒ•–‡™‡”‡‡‰”ƒ˜‡†™‹–Šƒ‡‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒ––Ž‡ˆ‹‡Ž†ƒ†–Š‡†ƒ–‡‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒ––Ž‡Ǥ Sourceǣ‹Ž‹–ƒ”›” Š‹˜‡•‘ˆ™‡†‡ǡ”Žƒ†‘••„‡”‰‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘ǡ‘Ž—‡ʹ͸Ǥ.  Š‡ ‹„‡”Ž‡› ‘‹––‡‡ ™ƒ–‡† –Š‡ ™‡†‹•Š ‘•—ŽǦ‰‡‡”ƒŽ ‹ ƒ’‡ ‘™ –‘‘ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒ–‡ƒ––Š‡—˜‡‹Ž‹‰ ‡”‡‘›ȋ–‘‰‡–Š‡”™‹–Š–Š‡‘–Š‡” ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘•—Ž•Ȍǡ –Š‡”‡„› ˆ‘”ƒŽ‹•‹‰ –Š‡ ‡˜‡–Ǥ Š‡› ƒŽ•‘ ™ƒ–‡† ƒ ‡„‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ”‹ƒ‡” ‡Ž‹–‡ǡ ˆ‘”‡”‘‡”‰‡‡”ƒŽ•ǡ•— Šƒ•‘—‹•‘–Šƒ‘”Š”‹•–‹ƒƒ†‡‡–ȋ‘”‡˜‡–Š‡ˆ‘”‡” ’”‡•‹†‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”ƒ‰‡ ”‡‡ –ƒ–‡ǡ ƒ”–Š‹—• –‡›Ȍ –‘ —˜‡‹Ž –Š‡ ‘—‡–Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‹–‡Ž‡‰”ƒ•–‘–Š‡™‡†‹•Š‹‹•–‡”‘ˆˆ‘”‡‹‰ƒˆˆƒ‹”•ǡ–Š‡™‡†‹•Š ‘•—Ž ”‡ƒ”‡†–Šƒ–‹–™‘—Ž†„‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽŽ›—™‹•‡ˆ‘”Š‹–‘ƒ––‡†„‡ ƒ—•‡Š‹•’”‡•‡ ‡ ‹‰Š– „‡ ’‡” ‡‹˜‡† ƒ• ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ •–ƒ–‡‡– ȋ‹ •—’’‘”– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘‡” ƒ—•‡Ȍ ™Š‹ Š. 64.

(43) ‡”†‘˜Ȃ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒdzƒ‰ƒŠƒ”–ƒdzǫ . ™‘—Ž† ‹ –—” „‡ †‡–”‹‡–ƒŽ –‘ ™‡†‹•Š ‹–‡”‡•–• ‹ ‘—–Š ˆ”‹ ƒǤ͵Ͳ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ Š‡ †‡ ‹†‡†ǡ–‘‰‡–Š‡”™‹–Š–Š‡‘–Š‡” ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘•—Ž•ǡ–Šƒ–‹–™‘—Ž†„‡„‡•–‹ˆ‘‡‘ˆ –Š‡ƒ––‡†‡†ȋƒƒ‰”‡‡‡–™Š‹ Š–Š‡ƒ‹•Š ‘•—Žǡ ‡”†‹ƒ†˜‘”‹‘”ǡ™‘—Ž† Žƒ–‡” „”‡ƒȌǤ Š‡ ƒ„•‡ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‡†‹•Š ‘•—ŽǦ‰‡‡”ƒŽ ƒ‰‡”‡† –Š‡ ‹„‡”Ž‡› ‘‹––‡‡ǡƒ†’”‘’–‡†–Š‡–‘•‡†ƒŽ‡––‡”‘ˆ ‘’Žƒ‹––‘–Š‡™‡†‹•Š‹‹•–‡” ‘ˆˆ‘”‡‹‰ƒˆˆƒ‹”•ƒ„‘—––Š‡‹ ‹†‡–Ǥ͵ͳ  ‡•’‹–‡ –Š‡•‡ †‹•ƒ‰”‡‡‡–• –Š‡ —˜‡‹Ž‹‰ ‡”‡‘› ™‡– ƒŠ‡ƒ† ƒ• ’Žƒ‡† „‡ ƒ—•‡‘—‹•‘–Šƒǡ–Š‡ —””‡–’”‹‡‹‹•–‡”‘ˆ–Š‡”ƒ•˜ƒƒŽ‘Ž‘›ǡ—˜‡‹Ž‡†–Š‡ ‘—‡–ˆŽƒ‡†„›Š‹•ƒ––‘”‡›‰‡‡”ƒŽǡ ǤǤǤ ‡”–œ‘‰Ǥ‘•–ƒ––‡†‡‡•ƒ’’‡ƒ”–‘ Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ˆ”‹ƒ‡”•ǡ ™Š‹Ž‡ •‘‡ ‰Ž‹•Š •’‡ƒ‡”• ƒ† ƒ —„‡” ‘ˆ  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‹‰”ƒ–• ™‡”‡ ƒŽ•‘ ’”‡•‡– ƒ– –Š‡ ‡”‡‘›Ǥ Š‡ ’”‡•‡ ‡ ‘ˆ ‘–Šƒǡ ‡”–œ‘‰ ƒ† ƒ ”‘™† ‘ˆ ˆ”‹ƒ‡”• Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š– –Š‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ ‡ ƒ• ”‹„‡† –‘ –Š‡ ‘—‡– Ȃ ‹†‡‡†ǡ ‹– Šƒ† Ž‡ƒ”Ž› ‘– „‡‡ ‡”‡ –‡† ‡š Ž—•‹˜‡Ž› ˆ‘” –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ•Ǥ Š‡ •’‡‡ Š‡•’”‡•‡–‡††—”‹‰–Š‡ ‡”‡‘›—†‡”• ‘”‡–Š‹•‹’‘”–ƒ–’‘‹–Ǥ͵ʹ  Š‡—˜‡‹Ž‹‰ ‡”‡‘›„‡‰ƒ™‹–Šƒ•’‡‡ Š†‡Ž‹˜‡”‡†„›–Š‡ƒ‹•Š ‘•—Žǡ ˜‘ ”‹‘”ǡ ™Š‘ •–”‘‰Ž› ‡’Šƒ•‹•‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‘‡‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’• ™ƒ• ‘– ƒ ‹••—‡ ‘ˆ Š‘‘•‹‰ •‹†‡•Ǣ ‹– ™ƒ• –‘ ‘‡‘”ƒ–‡ –Š‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡ ƒ† ˜ƒŽ‘—” –Š‡› Šƒ† •Š‘™ǡ ’”‘˜‹‰  Dz–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡• –‘ „‡ –”—‡ †‡• ‡†ƒ–• ‘ˆ ˜ƒŽ‹ƒ– ”ƒ ‡•dzǤ͵͵ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ ˜‘ ”‹‘” Žƒ‹‡† –Šƒ– ‡˜‡ –Š‘—‰Š –Š‡ ‘”’• Šƒ† —•‡† –Š‡ ƒ‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒǡ‹–•‡„‡”•Šƒ†‘‡–Š‡Ž‡••„‡‡–”—‡Dz„—”‰Š‡”•dzȂƒ•–ƒ–‡‡– –Šƒ– ™ƒ• ‡– ™‹–Š Ž‘—† ƒ’’Žƒ—•‡Ǥ † Žƒ–‡”ǡ ‹ ƒ •‹‹Žƒ” ƒ‡”ǡ ‡”–œ‘‰ †‡ Žƒ”‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ• Šƒ† ‡„”ƒ ‡† ‘—–Š ˆ”‹ ƒ ƒ• –Š‡‹” ‡™ Š‘‡Žƒ†ǡ ƒ† „‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡›Šƒ†ˆ‘—‰Š–ƒ†ˆƒŽŽ‡‹‹–•ƒ‡–Š‡›•Š‘—Ž†„‡Šƒ‹Ž‡†ƒ•–”—‡•‘•‘ˆ ͵ͲǤ. ͵ͳǤ. ͵ʹǤ. ͵͵Ǥ. ǡͳ͹ͶͺȂͳͻʹͲǡ‘Ž—‡ʹͶͷ͸ǡ‘••‹‡”͵ͳǡ ‹Ž‡ǡͳͻǡ‡Ž‡‰”ƒˆ”‘–Š‡™‡†‹•Š ‘•—ŽǦ ‡‡”ƒŽ‹ƒ’‡‘™–‘–Š‡™‡†‹•Š‹‹•–‡”‘ˆ ‘”‡‹‰ˆˆƒ‹”•ǡͳ͹‡ ‡„‡” ͳͻͲ͹Ǥ ǡͳ͹ͶͺȂͳͻʹͲǡ‘Ž—‡ʹͶͷ͸ǡ‘••‹‡”͵ͳǡ ‹Ž‡ǡͳͻǡ‡Ž‡‰”ƒˆ”‘–Š‡™‡†‹•Š ‘•—ŽǦ ‡‡”ƒŽ‹ƒ’‡‘™–‘–Š‡™‡†‹•Š‹‹•–‡”‘ˆ ‘”‡‹‰ˆˆƒ‹”•ǡͳ͹‡ ‡„‡” ͳͻͲ͹Ǣ ǡ  ͳ͹ͶͺȂͳͻʹͲǡ ‘Ž—‡ ʹͶͷ͸ǡ ‘••‹‡” ͵ͳǡ ‹Ž‡ ǡ ͳͻǡ ‡Ž‡‰”ƒ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ™‡†‹•Š‘•—ŽǦ ‡‡”ƒŽ‹ƒ’‡‘™–‘–Š‡™‡†‹•Š‹‹•–‡”‘ˆ ‘”‡‹‰ˆˆƒ‹”•ǡͳͺ ‡ ‡„‡” ͳͻͲ͹Ǣ ǡ  ͳ͹ͶͺȂͳͻʹͲǡ ‘Ž—‡ ʹͶͷ͸ǡ ‘••‹‡” ͵ͳǡ ‹Ž‡ ǡ ͳͻǡ ‡Ž‡‰”ƒ ˆ”‘™‡†‹•Š‘•—ŽǦ ‡‡”ƒŽ‹ƒ’‡‘™–‘™‡†‹•Š‹‹•–‡”‘ˆ ‘”‡‹‰ˆˆƒ‹”•ǡʹͶ ‡ ‡„‡” ͳͻͲ͹Ǣ ǡ  ͳ͹ͶͺȂͳͻʹͲǡ ‘Ž—‡ ʹͶͷ͸ǡ ‘••‹‡” ͵ͳǡ ‹Ž‡ ǡ ͳͻǡ ‡Ž‡‰”ƒ ˆ”‘ ™‡†‹•Š ‘•—ŽǦ ‡‡”ƒŽ ‹ ƒ’‡ ‘™ –‘ –Š‡ ™‡†‹•Š ‹‹•–‡” ‘ˆ ‘”‡‹‰ ˆˆƒ‹”•ǡ ʹͲ ƒ—ƒ”› ͳͻͲͺǤǢ ǡ  ͳ͹ͶͺȂͳͻʹͲǡ ‘Ž—‡ ʹͶͷ͸ǡ ‘••‹‡” ͵ͳǡ ‹Ž‡ ǡ ͳͻǡ ‡––‡”ˆ”‘ǤǤƒŠ–‘–Š‡™‡†‹•Š‘›ƒŽ‡’ƒ”–‡–‘ˆ ‘”‡‹‰ˆˆƒ‹”•ǡʹʹ —‡ ͳͻͲͺǤ Dz  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‡‘”‹ƒŽdzǡ The Cape Times, ʹ͹ ’”‹Ž ͳͻͲͺǢ Dzƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‡‘”‹ƒŽdzǡ The Diamond Fields Advertiser, ʹ͹ ’”‹Ž ͳͻͲͺǤ ‡‡ ƒŽ•‘ ǡ  ͳ͹ͶͺȂͳͻʹͲǡ ‘Ž—‡ ʹͶͷ͸ǡ ‘••‹‡” ͵ͳǡ ‹Ž‡ ǡ ͳͻǡ ‡Ž‡‰”ƒ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ™‡†‹•Š ‘•—ŽǦ ‡‡”ƒŽ ‹ ƒ’‡ ‘™ –‘ –Š‡ ™‡†‹•Š ‹‹•–‡” ‘ˆ ‘”‡‹‰ ˆˆƒ‹”•ǡ ʹͻ ’”‹Ž ͳͻͲͺǢ ƒ†‡Ž‡‰”ƒˆ”‘–Š‡™‡†‹•Š‘•—ŽǦ ‡‡”ƒŽ‹ƒ’‡‘™–‘ –Š‡™‡†‹•Š ‹‹•–‡”‘ˆ ‘”‡‹‰ˆˆƒ‹”•ǡ‘ǤͺʹǡͳͻͲͺǤ Dzƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹ǣ  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‡‘”‹ƒŽdzǡ The Diamond Fields Advertiser, ʹ͹ ’”‹Ž ͳͻͲͺǤ. 65.

(44) ‡”†‘˜Ȃ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒdzƒ‰ƒŠƒ”–ƒdzǫ . ‘—–Šˆ”‹ ƒȂƒŽŽ‘ˆ™Š‹ Š™ƒ•ƒ‰ƒ‹‡–™‹–Š‡–Š—•‹ƒ•–‹ ƒ’’Žƒ—•‡Ǥ͵Ͷ  ˆ–‡” ˜‘ ”‹‘”̵• •’‡‡ Šǡ –Š‡ ‘—‡– ™ƒ• —˜‡‹Ž‡† „› ‘–Šƒǡ ƒ† –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†–Š‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ–Š‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘—–”‹‡•ǡƒˆ–‡”™Š‹ Š‘–Šƒ‰ƒ˜‡ Š‹•ƒ††”‡••ǡƒ•’‡‡ Š‹™Š‹ ŠŠ‡•Šƒ”‡†˜‘”‹‘”ǯ•˜‹‡™–Šƒ––Š‡›Šƒ†‰ƒ–Š‡”‡†–‘ ‘‡‘”ƒ–‡ ƒ† ƒ†‹”‡ –Š‘•‡ „”ƒ˜‡ ‡ ™Š‘ Šƒ† —’Š‡Ž† –Š‡ –”ƒ†‹–‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” ˆ‘”‡ˆƒ–Š‡”•ǡ ƒ† ˆ—”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ –Šƒ– –Š‡‹” •ƒ ”‹ˆ‹ ‡ ™‘—Ž† ˆ‘”‡˜‡” „‡ –”‡ƒ•—”‡† ‹ –Š‡ Š‹•–‘”› ‘ˆ ‘—–Š ˆ”‹ ƒǤ ‘–Šƒ –Š‡ ’”‘ Žƒ‹‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ ’‡”‹‘† ‘ˆ •–”‹ˆ‡ Šƒ† ’ƒ••‡†ǡ ƒ† ‹•–‡ƒ†ǡ –Š‡ –‹‡ Šƒ† ‘‡ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ™Š‹–‡ ”ƒ ‡• –‘ ™‘” –‘‰‡–Š‡” „‡ ƒ—•‡ Dz–Š‡ „Ž‘‘†‘ˆ–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–”ƒ ‡•Šƒ•ˆŽ‘™‡†–‘‰‡–Š‡”Š‡”‡ǡ•‘–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–™Š‹–‡”ƒ ‡•‹ ‘—–Šˆ”‹ ƒ™‹ŽŽ—‹–‡–‘ˆ‘”‘‡‰”‡ƒ–™Š‘Ž‡dzǤ͵ͷŠ‹••‡–‹‡–™ƒ•–Š‡”‡‹–‡”ƒ–‡† „› ‡”–œ‘‰™Š‘‹••—‡†ƒ’Ž‡ƒˆ‘”Dz–Š‡—‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡™Š‹–‡”ƒ ‡•‘ˆ‘—–Šˆ”‹ ƒdzǤ͵͸  Š‡ ‘‡‘”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ‘”’• ƒ–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡„‡•‹–—ƒ–‡†‹ƒ Žƒ”‰‡” ‘–‡š–‘ˆ’‘•–Ǧ™ƒ”‡‘”›’‘Ž‹–‹ •‹‘—–Šˆ”‹ ƒǤ

(45) ƒ™ƒ›ǡ–Š‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’•ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ ‘‡‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” „”ƒ˜‡”›ǡ „‡ ƒ‡ –Š‡ „ƒ †”‘’ ‹ ƒ ’”‘†— –‹‘ ƒ„‘—– ‘‡” ƒ† ”‹–‘ •‡‡‹‰ ‘‘ ‰”‘—†Ǥ • ‹ŽŽ ƒ••‘ Šƒ• ’‘‹–‡†‘—–ǡƒˆ–‡”–Š‡™ƒ” ƒ‡–‘ƒ‡†ǡ•‡˜‡”ƒŽ‘ˆ–Š‡‘Ž†ˆ”‹ƒ‡”Ž‡ƒ†‡”••‘—‰Š– ƒ ’”ƒ‰ƒ–‹  ƒ† ”‡ ‘ ‹Ž‹ƒ–‘”› ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š ‹ ‘”†‡” –‘ ˆ‘”‰‡ Dzƒ ‹ Ž—•‹˜‡ ™Š‹–‡ ˆ”‹ƒ‡”Ǧ‰Ž‹•Š ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ƒ–‹‘dzǡ — Š –‘ –Š‡ Šƒ‰”‹ ‘ˆ –Š‡ bittereinders ȋ„‹––‡”‡†‡”•Ȍ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘—–Š ˆ”‹ ƒ ƒ”Ǥ͵͹ Š‹•ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š ™ƒ• Ž‡ƒ”Ž› •‡‹œ‡† —’‘ „› ‘–Šƒ ƒ† ‡”–œ‘‰ †—”‹‰ –Š‡ —˜‡‹Ž‹‰ ‡”‡‘›ǡ ™Š‡ –Š‡› ’Ž‡ƒ†‡† ˆ‘” ”‡ ‘ ‹Ž‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ† ‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘„‡–™‡‡‘‡”ƒ†”‹–‘Ǥ ”‹‡†•Š‹’ƒ†„”‘–Š‡”Š‘‘† ™ƒ•–Š‡’ƒ–Š–‘—‹–›ƒ†ƒ’”‘•’‡”‘—•ˆ—–—”‡Ȃ–Šƒ–™ƒ•–Š‡‹”‡••ƒ‰‡Ǥ”ƒ•‘–Šƒ ’—– ‹– ǣ Dz‘ ‘– Ž‡– —• ˆ‘”‰‡– –Šƒ– –Š‡”‡ ‹• ’‡ƒ ‡ –‘†ƒ› ‹ ‘—–Š ˆ”‹ ƒǡ ƒ† –Šƒ– –Š‹• —•– ‘–‹—‡‹–‘–Š‡ˆ—–—”‡Ǥdz͵ͺ

(46) ƒƒ‡”‘ˆ•’‡ƒ‹‰ǡ–Š‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ•‡”‡Ž› ’Žƒ›‡†–Š‡’ƒ”–‘ˆ‡š–”ƒ•Ǥ  Commemoratingthe25thanniversary  ˆ–‡”–Š‡—˜‡‹Ž‹‰ ‡”‡‘›‹ͳͻͲͺǡ–Š‡‡‘”›‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ‘”’••‡‡• –‘Šƒ˜‡ˆƒ†‡†•‘‡™Šƒ–ǡ‘–‘Ž›‹‘—–Šˆ”‹ ƒ„—–‹ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒƒ•™‡ŽŽǤŠ‡ͳͲ–Š ƒ‹˜‡”•ƒ”›‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒ––Ž‡ƒ–ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹™ƒ•ǡˆ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ‘Ž›‡–‹‘‡†„”‹‡ˆŽ›‹ •‘‡™‡†‹•Š‡™•’ƒ’‡”•‹ͳͻͲͻǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ†—”‹‰–Š‡ͳͻʹͲ•–Š‹•™ƒ•ƒŽŽ†‡•–‹‡† –‘ Šƒ‰‡ ƒ† ƒ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ™ƒ• Žƒ— Š‡† –‘ ”‡‡„‡” –Š‡ „”ƒ˜‡”› ‘ˆ –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’• ƒ† –Š‡ ʹͷ–Š ƒ‹˜‡”•ƒ”› ‘ˆ –Š‡ „ƒ––Ž‡ ƒ– ƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹ǡ ™‹–Š ͵ͶǤ ͵ͷǤ ͵͸Ǥ ͵͹Ǥ. ͵ͺǤ. Dzƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹ǣ  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‡‘”‹ƒŽdzǡ The Diamond Fields Advertiser, ʹ͹ ’”‹Ž ͳͻͲͺǤ Dzƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹ǣ  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‡‘”‹ƒŽdzǡ The Diamond Fields Advertiser, ʹ͹ ’”‹Ž ͳͻͲͺǤ Dz”—‡‡ƒ ‡dzǡTheSouthAfricanNews,ʹ͹’”‹ŽͳͻͲͺǤ Ǥƒ••‘ǡDzŠ‡‘—–Šˆ”‹ ƒƒ”Ȁ‰Ž‘Ǧ‘‡”ƒ”ǡͳͺͻͻȂͳͻͲʹƒ†‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ‡‘”› ‹ ‘—–Š ˆ”‹ ƒdzǡ ‹ Ǥ Ǥ •Š’Žƒ–ǡ Ǥ ƒ™•‘ ƒ† Ǥ ‘’‡” ȋ‡†•Ȍǡ Commemorating War:ThePoliticsofMemoryȋ”ƒ•ƒ –‹‘—„Ž‹•Š‡”•ǡ‡™”—•™‹ ǡʹͲͲͶȌǡ’ͳͳͳǤ Dzƒ‰‡”•ˆ‘–‡‹ǣ  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‡‘”‹ƒŽdzǡ The Diamond Fields Advertiser, ʹ͹ ’”‹Ž ͳͻͲͺǤ. 66.

(47) ‡”†‘˜Ȃ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒdzƒ‰ƒŠƒ”–ƒdzǫ . ‘‡‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‡˜‡–• ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‘—”  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ƒ’‹–ƒŽ• ȋ–‘ Š‘Žǡ •Ž‘ǡ ‘’‡Šƒ‰‡ƒ† ‡Ž•‹‹ȌǤ‰‰Žƒǡ–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡„‡Š‹†–Š‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘”’•ǡ–‘‰‡–Š‡”™‹–ŠƒŒ‘” ‡‡”ƒŽǤǤ‘ŽŽƒ†‘Ž‘‡Ž Ǥ‹†•–”ڏǡˆ‘—†‡†ƒ‡™ ‡–”ƒŽ ‘‹––‡‡ ‹ –‘ Š‘Žǡ –ƒ•‡† ™‹–Š ‰ƒ–Š‡”‹‰ ˆ—†• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ’”‘’‘•‡† ‘‡‘”ƒ–‹˜‡‡˜‡–•Ǥ͵ͻ ‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ǡ‹–•ƒ‹™ƒ•ǣ  ǥ–‘ ‘‡‘”ƒ–‡–Š‡‡‘”›‘ˆ–Š‡•‡„”ƒ˜‡•‘•‘ˆ–Š‡‘”–Šƒ†–Š‡‹”’”‘—† ˆ‡ƒ–ǡ ƒ† ˆ—”–Š‡”‘”‡ –‘ ’”‘‘–‡ –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰ ‘ˆ —‹–›ǡ ™Š‹ Š ‹• •‘ Ž‡ƒ”Ž› •›„‘Ž‹•‡† „› –Š‡ ‹”‘ Šƒ‹• –Šƒ– —‹–‡ –Š‡ ‘—‡–ǯ• ˆ‘—” ‘”‡”•–‘‡•ǤͶͲ.  ƒǦ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‡š’”‡••‹‘ ™ƒ• –Š—• ‹–‡‰”ƒŽ –‘ –Š‡ ‘‡‘”ƒ–‹‘• Š‡Ž† ‹  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒǤ

(48)  ‘—–Š ˆ”‹ ƒǡ ™Š‡”‡ •— Š ‡˜‡–• ™‡”‡ ƒŽ•‘ Š‡Ž† ‹ —”„ƒǡ ‘Šƒ‡•„—”‰ƒ†‹„‡”Ž‡›ǡ–Š‡’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ ‘‡‘”ƒ–‹‰–Š‡ʹͷ–Šƒ‹˜‡”•ƒ”›‘ˆ –Š‡„ƒ––Ž‡ƒ†–Š‡„”ƒ˜‡”›‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ‘”’••‡”˜‡†ƒ•‹‹Žƒ”’—”’‘•‡ǡƒŽ„‡‹– ™‹–Š •‘‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ– ‡š ‡’–‹‘• ƒ† ƒ††‹–‹‘•Ǥ ‡”‡ –Š‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡” ™ƒ• –Š‡ ‘”™‡‰‹ƒŠ‘”ƒŽˆ”‹ •‡ǡ™Š‘™ƒ•†‡• ”‹„‡†‹Framƒ•Dzƒ‰‘‘† ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒǡ„—– ƒŽ•‘ƒ’—”‡Ǧ„Ž‘‘†‡†‘—–Šˆ”‹ ƒdzǤͶͳ

(49) ‹„‡”Ž‡›–Š‡ ‘‡‘”ƒ–‹‘™ƒ•Š‡Ž†ƒ– –Š‡  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ ‘—‡–ǡ ƒ† — Š Ž‹‡ –Š‡ —˜‡‹Ž‹‰ ‡”‡‘› ‹ ͳͻͲͺǡ ‹– ™ƒ• ‘– ‘Ž›  ƒ†‹ƒ˜‹ƒ• ™Š‘ ƒ––‡†‡† ȋ‘” ”ƒ–Š‡” ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡†Ȍ „—– •‘‡ ‰Ž‹•Š •’‡ƒ‡”•ƒ†ƒ—„‡”‘ˆˆ”‹ƒ‡”•ǡ‹ Ž—†‹‰ƒ’”‘‹‡–‰—‡•–ǡ ǤǤ‡‹–œǡ™Š‘ƒ– –Š‡–‹‡™ƒ•ƒ•‡ƒ–‘”‘ˆ–Š‡‹‘‰‘˜‡”‡–Ǥ•™ƒ•–Š‡ ƒ•‡‹ͳͻͲͺǡ–Š‡–Š‡‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡˜‡– ™ƒ• ”‡ ‘ ‹Ž‹ƒ–‹‘ǡ ™Š‹ Š ™ƒ• ƒŽ•‘ ˜‘‹ ‡† ƒ– –Š‡ ‡”‡‘‹‡• Š‡Ž† ‹ —”„ƒ ƒ† ‹ ‘Šƒ‡•„—”‰ǤͶʹ

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