Hantera synonymer och homonymer i teknisk dokumentation
– vad, varför och hur?
Magnus Merkel
Fodina Language Technology AB/Linköpings universitet
magnus.merkel@fodina.se
Vem är jag?
Grundare och vd för Fodina Language Technology
Docent i språkteknologi, Linköpings universitet
Forskning: datorstödd terminologi, skriv- och översättningsstöd,
maskinöversättning…
Fodina Language Technology AB
Avknoppning från Institutionen för datavetenskap, Linköpings universitet.
Startades 2004 6 anställda
Kunder: Saab, Scania, Volvo Lastvagnar, Sony Ericsson, Landstinget i Östergötland, PRV, …
Fokus på kvalitetssäkring av processer där språk ingår:
Språkprocesser (källspråk till översättningar)
Terminologiprocesser och verktyg
Kvalitetskontroller av språk och innehåll
Terminologitjänster
Återförsäljare och implementationspartner med Acrolinx GmbH (Acrolinx)
Har utvecklat en svensk modul för Acrolinx
Agenda
Konsekvens och återanvändning Olika nivåer av konsekvens
Finns synonymer egentligen?
Homonymer och homografer
Hur ser man till att begränsa användning av synonymer och homonymer?
Begränsade språk
Skrivstödsverktyg
Konsekvens och återanvändning
Möjlighet till återanvändning ökar vid konsekvent språkanvändning
Dagens läge liknar nittiotalets
införande av översättningsminnen på lokaliseringssidan
Sökbarhet kan minska vid ökad
konsekvens
Finns det synonymer?
”Riktiga” synonymer ska vara helt utbytbara i alla kontexter, med samma betydelse:
Flickan/Tjejen/Tösen/Jäntan började skolan förra veckan.
Fakturan/Räkningen/Notan gick på 2.350 kr plus moms.
Mora vill vända
nedförsbacken/nerförsbacken/nedförslutningen.
Bagageluckan/bagagerumsluckan är låst med
nyckel.
Traditionell semiotisk triangel
Referent Abstrakt begrepp
Språkligt uttryck
horse häst
Pferd
’Däggdjur ur
familjen Equidae’
Traditionell semiotisk triangel
Referent Abstrakt begrepp
Språkligt uttryck
horse häst
Pferd
’Däggdjur ur familjen Equidae’
kuse
ök
pålle
Återanvändning på olika nivåer
Dokumentnivå
Styckenivå (objekt) Meningsnivå
Fras Term Ord
(Tecken)
Återanvända hela dokument
Återanvända textobjekt (stycken)
Återanvända
meningar
43 synonyma meningar?
Please enter an actual start date earlier than the actual end date.
The Start Date cannot exceed the End Date.
The End Date cannot precede the Start Date.
End Date must be Later than Start Date.
End date must be equal to or later than the start date.
The end date must be later than or the same as the start date.
End Time must be later than the Start Time.
The valid grade's end date must be Later than or equal to its start date.
Please enter an End Date that is later than or the same as the Start Date.
Competence end date has to be later than or equal to the start date.
The start date cannot be later than the end date.
The appraisal end date must be later than or equal to appraisal start date.
The Effective start date cannot be Later than the Effective end date.
Date from cannot be later than date to.
The start date must be on or before the end date.
The Start Date cannot be after the End Date.
Your end date must be after your start date.
The end date cannot be after the start date.
Start date must be before end date.
Your start date must be before your end date.
The Status End Date is either earlier than the Start Date of the Assignment or later than its End Date.
Enter a Start date that is before the End date.
Please enter an end date that is later than the start date.
Date To must be later than or equal to Date From.
The Date To must be later than the Date Received.
The actual end date must be on or after the actual start date.
End date should be greater than start date.
End Date cannot be before Start Date.
The start date must be prior to the end date.
You entered a start date later than tile end date.
Ending range must be later or the same as starting range Please enter a new start date later than the original end date.
The ending date must be later than or the same as the beginning date.
The date to has to be later than or equal to date from.
End Date must be gr eater than Start Date.
You cannot enter an ”End Date” that is before your “Start Date.”
End Date must be greater than or equal to Start Date.
Please enter a start date that is before the end date.
The end date you enter must be between the grade's start and end dates.
The start date you enter must be between the grade's start and end dates.
The projected end date must be on or after the projected start date.
The Period start date cannot be later than the Period end date
Återanvändning (meningsnivå)
WARNING: Switch power off only when the fan has stopped
Är inte synonym med:
WARNING: Switch power on only when the fan has stopped WARNING: Switch power off before the fan has stopped
Men borde hitta dessa:
WARNING: Disconnect power only when the fan has stopped WARNING: Never switch the power off until the fan has stopped WARNING: Do not power down until the fan has stopped
WARNING: You must wait until the fan has stopped before switching off
the power
Synonymer, olika meningsstrukturer
Steve Jobs, Managing Director, Acme Corporation said:
Acme Corporation managing director Steve Jobs said:
If you want to shut down the computer, press the red button.
Press the red button if you want to shut down the computer.
Återanvändning (frasnivå)
For more information about X see Y.
For information on X see Y.
For more details about X see Y.
For further information about X
see Y.
Inkonsekvent terminologi
Term Frequency
silencer 49
sound absorber 13
air conditioning 6
airconditioning 1
air-conditioning 2
air distribution system 3 air-distribution system 1
air flow range 4
airflow range 1
air flow 115
air stream 38
airflow 60
air-flow 2
airstream 10
air handling unit 84
air-handling unit 14
air inlet 2
air intake 11
condenser 4
condensor 1
Acronym Full form
UTC Coordinated Universal Time
UTC Coordinated Universal Time Zone UTC Universal Coordinated Time
UTC Universal Time Clock UTC Universal Time Code
UTC Universal Time Coordinated
UTC Universal Time Coordinates
Synonyma ord och stavningsvarianter
över huvud taget – överhuvudtaget tidplanering – tidsplanering
driftstöd – driftsstöd
inter system communication –
inter-system communication -
intersystem communication
Synonyma tecken
Citattecken: ˝ “„ « » "
Gradtecken: ° ˚ ˚ ⁰
Apostrofer: ' ` ´ ΄ ′ ‘ ’ ‛
Inkonsekventa meningar
A complete system of round ducting and fittings for which type approval for tightness class D has been granted.
A complete system of round ducting for which approval for tightness class D has been granted.
A complete system of round ducting for which type approval for tightness class D has been granted.
For your next duct application, remember "We make it easy" with Manifolded Duct at SEMCO.
For your next duct application, remember “We make it easy” at SEMCO.
For your next industrial duct application, remember “We make it easy” at SEMCO.
Slim Line and Slim Line MAX Slim Line and Slim Line Max
Group Fan Selector CD Request Form
The Group Fan Selector Installation CD Request Form.
Energy Efficient EU Units Used in New Broadcasting Studio in Korea Energy efficient EU units used in new Broadcasting Studio in Korea.
In addition, surplus heat can be used for heating the water for outdoor pools and bathrooms".
In addition, surplus heat can be used for heating the water for outdoor pools and bathrooms”.
Mounted diffusers they are for ceiling mounting and normally installed in false ceilings.
The diffusers are for ceiling mounting and they are normally installed in false ceilings.
This energy is then shifted to the cooler air stream during the second half of the revolution.
This energy is then transferred to the cooler air stream during the second half of the revolution.
We are certified according to ISO 14000.
We are certified according to ISO 14001.
The efficiency is higher than traditional plate heat exchangers and on the same level as rotary heat exchangers.
The efficiency is much higher than traditional plate heat exchangers and on the same level as rotary heat exchangers.
