Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at
https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=yjcr20
Journal of Critical Realism
ISSN: 1476-7430 (Print) 1572-5138 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/yjcr20
A critical realist appraisal of authenticity in tourism: the case of the Sámi
Cecilia de Bernardi
To cite this article: Cecilia de Bernardi (2019): A critical realist appraisal of authenticity in tourism:
the case of the Sámi, Journal of Critical Realism, DOI: 10.1080/14767430.2019.1654702 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/14767430.2019.1654702
© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
Published online: 19 Aug 2019.
Submit your article to this journal
Article views: 164
View related articles
View Crossmark data
A critical realist appraisal of authenticity in tourism: the case of the Sámi
Cecilia de Bernardi
a,ba
Centre for Tourism and Leisure Research (CeTLeR), School of Technology and Business Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden;
bMultidimensional Tourism Institute (MTI), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
ABSTRACT
This article explores the critical realist conceptualization of authenticity through its development in tourism, especially in relation to indigenous Sámi culture. Authenticity is discussed through the often relativistic perspectives surrounding it. This paper proposes a middle ground between objective and existential views; it considers authenticity to be a compromise, and it focuses on both universal components (present in all Sámi people in the tourism context) as well as mediated components (such as characteristics di fferently influenced by geo-history). The role of cultural tourism labels is also discussed. The overlying objective is to conceptualize authenticity so that it produces a positive e ffect on the tourism operations of Sámi people. Specifically, it argues that the use of certain labels or certi fications, based on the concrete universal aspects of Sámi, can be bene ficial. If the Sámi themselves are involved in the creation of such labels, they need not betray the objective of respecting Sámi culture.
KEYWORDS
Authenticity; Saami people;
critical realism; tourism;
indigenous; compromise
Introduction
This article aims to discuss the conceptualization of authenticity in order to better under- stand how authenticity relates to Sámi culture and heritage. The Sámi are an indigenous population comprising di fferent groups who speak different languages and live in di fferent parts of Sweden, Finland, Norway and Russia, which the Sámi collectively call Sápmi. The Sámi are traditionally reindeer herders but now mostly have ordinary jobs;
and tourism is one of their occupations (de Bernardi, Kugapi, and Lüthje 2017).
This paper will first discuss the conceptualization of authenticity in tourism scholar- ship as well as its connection to marketing and issues of representation. A section will also discuss critical realism from an indigenous viewpoint. Finally, authenticity will be conceptualized in a novel way in tourism research to ensure that the outcomes of tourism work for the Sámi population is more positive. The role of tourism labels is also discussed.
© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.