Appendix 3-‐8 Trump, polarisering och mediekonsumtion

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Linköpings universitet | Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling Masteruppsats, 30hp | Mastersprogrammet i statsvetenskap, 120hp VT 2018 | LIU-‐IEI-‐FIL-‐A—18/02957—SE

Appendix 3-‐8

Trump, polarisering och

mediekonsumtion

-‐ En kvantitativ studie av amerikanska mediers påverkan på

den politiska polariseringen i samband med presidentvalen

2012 och 2016.

Författare: Anders Ranstad

Handledare: Mikael Rundqvist Examinator: Elin Wihlborg

Linköpings universitet SE-‐581 83 Linköping, Sweden 013-‐28 10 00, www.liu.se

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Innehållsförteckning

APPENDIX 3. VARIABLER 2016 ... 2 TILLIT 2016 ... 2 MISSTRO 2016 ... 3 POLARISERING 2016 ... 5 TOTAL MEDIEKONSUMTION 2016 ... 6 SOCIOLOGISKA VARIABLER 2016 ... 20 POLITISK KUNSKAP 2016 ... 23 POLITIKT INTRESSE 2016 ... 24 APPENDIX 4. VARIABLER 2012 ... 26 TILLIT 2012 ... 26 MISSTRO 2012 ... 27 POLARISERING 2012 ... 29 TOTAL MEDIEKONSUMTION 2012 ... 30 SOCIOLOGISKA VARIABLER 2012 ... 40 POLITIKS KUNSKAP 2012 ... 43 POLITISKT INTRESSE 2012 ... 44 APPENDIX 5. DESKRIPTIV 2016 ... 46

TILLIT 2016 OCH MISSTRO 2016 ... 46

POLARISERING 2016 ... 48

TOTAL MEDIEKONSUMTION 2016 ... 49

SOCIOLOGISKA VARIABLER ... 56

POLITISK KUNSKAP 2016 POLITISKT INTRESSE 2016 ... 59

APPENDIX 6. DESKRIPTIV 2012 ... 61

TILLIT 2012 OCH MISSTRO 2012 ... 61

POLARISERING 2012 ... 63

TOTAL MEDIEKONSUMTION 2012 ... 63

SOCIOLOGISKA VARIABLER ... 68

POLITISK KUNSKAP 2012 POLITISKT INTRESSE 2012 ... 70

APPENDIX 7. EMPIRI 2016 ... 72 STEG 1 ... 72 STEG 2 ... 74 STEG 3 ... 80 APPENDIX 8. EMPIRI 2012 ... 82 STEG 1 ... 82 STEG 2 ... 84 STEG 3 ... 91

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Appendix 3. Variabler 2016

Tillit 2016

Tillit 2016=V161215+ V161216+ V161217+ V161218 Omkodning inom parantes.

V161215

Pre: How often trust govt in Wash to do what is right

Label: PRE: REV How often trust govt in Wash to do what is right Item name: TRUSTGOV_TRUSTGREV

Question: How often can you trust the federal government in Washington to do what is right? [Always, most of the time, about half the time, some of the time, or never / Never, some of the time, about half the time, most of the time, or always]?

1. Always- (0)

2. Most of the time- (1) 3. About half the time- (2) 4. Some of the time- (3) 5. Never- (4)

-8. Don’t know- (missing) -9. Refused- (missing) V161216

Pre: Govt run by a few big intrests or for benifit for all

Label: PRE: Govt run by a few big interests or for benefit of all Item name: TRUSTGOV_BIGINTRST

Question: Would you say the government is pretty much run by a few big interests looking out for themselves or that it is run for the benefit of all the people?

1. Run by a few big interests- (2) 2. For the benefit of all the people- (0) -8. Don’t know- (missing)

-9. Refused- (missing) V161217

Pre: Does govt waste much tax money

Label: PRE: Does government waste much tax money Item name: TRUSTGOV_WASTE

Question: Do you think that people in government [waste a lot of the money we pay in taxes, waste some of it, or don’t waste very much of it / don’t waste very much of the money we pay in taxes, waste some of it, or waste a lot of it]? Forward/reverse response option order

1. Waste a lot- (3) 2. Waste some- (1)

3. Don’t waste very much- (0) -8. Don’t know- (missing) -9. Refused- (missing)

(4)

V161218

Pre: How many in governmet are corrupt

Label: PRE: How many in government are corrupt Item name: TRUSTGOV_CORRPT

Question: How many of the people running the government are corrupt? [All, most, about half, a few, or none? / None, a few, about half, most, or all?] For- ward/reverse response option order 1. All- (4) 2. Most- (3) 3. About half- (2) 4. A few- (1) 5. None- (0)

-8. Don’t know- (missing) -9. Refused- (missing)

Misstro 2016

Misstro 2016=V162207+ V162208+ V162209+ V162210 Omkodning inom parantes.

V162207

Post: Agree/ disagree: world is changing and we should adjust

Label: POST: Agree/disagree: world is changing and we should adjust Item name: TRAD_ADJMORAL

Question: (Still looking at page [PRELOAD: page] in the booklet.) ‘The world is always changing and we should adjust our view of moral behavior to those changes.’ Do you [agree strongly, agree somewhat, neither agree nor disagree, disagree somewhat, or disagree strongly / disagree strongly, disagree somewhat, neither agree nor disagree, agree somewhat, or agree strongly] with this statement? For Web administration, the optional reference to the respondent booklet was omitted. Forward/reverse response option order

1. Agree strongly- (0) 2. Agree somewhat- (1)

3. Neither agree nor disagree- (2) 4. Disagree somewhat- (3) 5. Disagree strongly- (4)

-6. No post-election interview- (missing) -7. No post data, incomplete IW- (missing) -8. Don’t know- (missing)

Post: Agree/ disagree: newer lifestyles breaking down society

Label: POST: Agree/disagree: newer lifestyles breaking down society Item name: TRAD_LIFESTYL

Question: (Still looking at page [PRELOAD: page] in the booklet.) ‘The newer lifestyles are contributing to the breakdown of our society.’ (Do you [agree strongly, agree somewhat, neither agree nor disagree, disagree somewhat, or disagree strongly / disagree strongly, disagree somewhat, neither agree nor disagree, agree somewhat, or agree strongly] with this

(5)

statement?) For Web administration, the optional reference to the respondent booklet was omitted. Forward/reverse response option order

Post: Agree/ disagree: be more tolerant of other moral stds

Label: POST: Agree/disagree: be more tolerant of other moral stds Item name: TRAD_TOLERANT

Question: (Still looking at page [PRELOAD: page] in the booklet.) ‘We should be more tolerant of people who choose to live according to their own moral standards, even if they are very different from our own.’ (Do you [agree strongly, agree somewhat, neither agree nor disagree, disagree somewhat, or disagree strongly / disagree strongly, disagree somewhat, neither agree nor disagree, agree somewhat, or agree strongly] with this statement?) For Web administration, the optional reference to the respondent booklet was omitted. Forward/reverse response option order

Post: Agree/ disagree: more emphasis on traditional family values.

Label: POST: Agree/disagree: more emphasis on traditional family values Item name: TRAD_MORETRAD

Question: (Still looking at page [PRELOAD: page] in the booklet.) ‘This country would have many fewer problems if there were more emphasis on traditional family ties.’ (Do you [agree strongly, agree somewhat, neither agree nor disagree, disagree somewhat, or disagree strongly / disagree strongly, disagree somewhat, neither agree nor disagree, agree somewhat, or agree strongly] with this statement?) For Web administration, the optional reference to the respondent booklet was omitted. Forward/reverse response option order

-6. No post-election interview- (missing) -7. No post data, incomplete IW- (missing)

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Polarisering 2016

Polarisering 2016=(V161158x x V161126) x(V161095- V161096+ V161086- V161087) Omkodning inom parantes.

V161158x

Pre: Summary- Party ID

Label: PRE: SUMMARY - Party ID

Item name: Not applicable; administrative or derived variable Question: Not applicable

1. Strong Democrat- (4)

2. Not very strong Democract- (3) 3. Independent-Democrat- (2) 4. Independent- (1)

5. Independent-Republican- (2) 6. Not very strong Republican- (3) 7. Strong Republican- (4)

Pre: 7pt scale liberal- conservative selfplacement

Label: PRE: 7pt scale Liberal conservative self-placement Item name: LIBCPRE_LCSELF

Question: Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven’t you thought much about this? DO NOT PROBE For Web administration, DO NOT PROBE was omitted for the option ‘Haven’t thought much about this’.

1. Extremely liberal- (4) 2. Liberal- (3)

3. Slightly liberal- (2)

4. Moderate, middle of the road- (1) 5. Slightly conservative- (2)

6. Conservative- (3)

7. Extremely conservative- (4)

99. Haven’t thought much about this (FTF ONLY: DO NOT PROBE) - (1) -8. Don’t know- (missing)

-9. Refused- (missing)

Notera att även 99 har tilldelats 1, d.v.s. det likställs med svarsalternativ 4. Detta då det kan anses vara ett relativt neutral ställningstagande och de respondenter som uppgett att de inte har tänkt mycket kring frågan fortsatt kan ingå i studien.

V161095

Pre: Feeling thermometer: Democratic Party

Label: PRE: Feeling Thermometer: Democratic Party Item name: THERMPRE_THDPTY

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Question: (Looking at page [PRELOAD: page] of the booklet) (How would you rate:) the Democratic Party PROBE for don’t know response: when you say don’t know, do you mean that you don’t know who this is or do you have some- thing else in mind? ENTER number 0-100 For Web administration, the optional reference to the respondent booklet was omitted. RANDOMIZA- TION: Order of major parties

0-100 V161096

Pre: Feeling thermometer: Republican Party

Label: PRE: Feeling Thermometer: Republican Party Item name: THERMPRE_THRPTY

Question: (Looking at [PRELOAD: page] of the booklet) (How would you rate:) the

Republican Party PROBE for don’t know response: when you say don’t know, do you mean that you don’t know who this is or do you have some- thing else in mind? ENTER number 0-100 For Web administration, the optional reference to the respondent booklet was omitted. RANDOMIZA- TION: Order of major parties

0-100 V161086

Pre: Feeling thermometer: Democratic Presidential Cand;

Label: PRE: Feeling Thermometer: Democratic Presidential cand Item name: THERMPRE_THDPC

Question: (Looking at page [PRELOAD: page] of the booklet) (How would you rate:) Hillary Clinton PROBE for don’t know response: when you say don’t know, do you mean that you don’t know who the person is, or do you have some- thing else in mind? ENTER number 0-100 For Web administration, the optional reference to the respondent booklet was omitted. RANDOMIZA- TION: Order of major party Presidential cands

0-100 V161087

Pre: Feeling thermometer: Republican Presidential Cand.

Label: PRE: Feeling Thermometer: Republican Presidential cand Item name: THERMPRE_THRPC

Question: (Looking at page [PRELOAD: page] of the booklet) (How would you rate:)

Donald Trump PROBE for don’t know response: when you say don’t know, do you mean that you don’t know who the person is, or do you have some- thing else in mind? ENTER number 0-100 For Web administration, the optional reference to the respondent booklet was omitted. RANDOMIZA- TION: Order of major party Presidential cands

0-100

Total mediekonsumtion 2016

Total mediekonsumtion 2016= (antal dagar)(uppmärksamhet) x mediekonsumtion

Mediekonsumtion= (tv20 20) + (tvAllInWithChrisHayes) + (tvEveningNewsWithScottPelley) +(tvHannity) + (tvTheKellyFile) + (tvToday) + (tv60minutes) + (tvAnderssonCooper360) + (tvCBSThisMorning) + (tvFaceTheNation) + (tvHardballWithChrisMatthews) +

(tvMeetThePress) + (tvNBCNightlyNews) + (tvOnTheRecord) +

(tvTheRachelMaddowShow) + (tvABCWorldNewsTonight) + (tvGoodMorningAmerica) + (tvErinBurnettOutFront) + (tvPBSNewsHour) + (tvTheORFactor) + (tvCNNenEspanol) +

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(radioTheRushLimbaughShow) + (radioMorningEdition) + (radioTheSeanHannityShow) + (radioAllThingsConsidered) + (radioTheGlennBeckProgram) + (webbCNN.com) +

(webbNBCNews.com) + (webbHuffingtonpost.com) + (webbCBSNews.com) + (webbUSAToday.com) + (webbBuzzfeed.com) + (webbNYTimes.com) +

(webbFoxNews.com) + (webbWashingtonPost.com) + (webbNews.BBC.co.uk) + (webbTheGuardian.com) + (webbABCNews.com)

Omkodning inom parantes. V161008

Pre: Days in week watch/ listen/ read news on any media

Label: PRE: Days in week watch/listen/read news on any media Item name: PRMEDIA_WKANYNEWS

Question: During a typical week, how many days do you watch, read, or listen to news on TV, radio, printed newspapers, or the Internet, not including sports? PROBE: IF ‘every day’ ASK FOR NUMBER

0-7 V161009

Pre: Attention to news on any media

Label: PRE: Attention to news on any media Item name: PRMEDIA_ATANYNEWS

Question: IF NUMBER OF DAYS ATTENDING MEDIA NEWS IS MORE THAN 0: How much attention do you pay to news about national politics on TV, radio, printed newspapers, or the Internet? [A great deal, a lot, a moderate amount, a little, or none at all /None at all, a little, a moderate amount, a lot, or a great deal]? Forward/reverse response option order 1. A great deal- (4) 2. A lot- (3) 3. A moderate amount- (2) 4. A little- (1) 5. None at all- (0) -1. Inapplicable- (missing) -9. Refused- (missing)

Pre: Which TV programs R watches regulary:

(V161364, V161365, V161367, V161370, V161372, V161379, V161380, V161381,

V161382, V161384, V161386, V161388, V161390, V161391, V161393, V161396, V161400, V161404, V161405, V161409, V161415)

Pre: Which online newspapers R reads regulary; Pre: Which web sites R visits regulary: (V161445, V161446, V161447, V161448, V161449, V161450, V161451, V161452, V161454, V161456, V161457, V161458)

Pre: Radio programs R listens to regulary:

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TV: 20/20

V161364

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: TV PROG 20/20 Item name: MEDSRC_TVPROGS1

Question: IF HEARD ABOUT PRES CAMPAIGN ON TV NEWS/TALK/PUBLIC AFFAIRS/ NEWS ANALYSIS PROG(S): Which of the following television programs do you watch regularly? Please check any that you watch at least once a month. (Mark all that apply) Randomized response option order

1. Selected- (1) 0. Not selected- (0) -1. Inapplicable- (0)

-5. Breakoff, suff partial IW- (0) -9. Refused- (0)

All In with Chris Hayes

V161365

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: TV PROG All In with Chris Hayes Item name: MEDSRC_TVPROGS1

Evening News with Scott Pelley

V161367

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: TV PROG CBS Evening News with Scott Pelley Item name: MEDSRC_TVPROGS1

Hannity

V161370

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: TV PROG Hannity Item name: MEDSRC_TVPROGS1

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1. Selected- (-1) 0. Not selected- (0) -1. Inapplicable- (0)

The Kelly File

V161372

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: TV PROG The Kelly File Item name: MEDSRC_TVPROGS1

Today

V161379

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: TV PROG Today Item name: MEDSRC_TVPROGS1

60 Minutes

V161380

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: TV PROG 60 Minutes Item name: MEDSRC_TVPROGS1

(11)

-9. Refused- (0)

Anderson Cooper 360

V161381

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: TV PROG Anderson Cooper 360 Item name: MEDSRC_TVPROGS1

CBS This Morning

V161382

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: TV PROG CBS This Morning Item name: MEDSRC_TVPROGS1

Face the Nation

V161384

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: TV PROG Face the Nation Item name: MEDSRC_TVPROGS1

Hardball with Chris Matthews

V161386

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: TV PROG Hardball with Chris Matthews Item name: MEDSRC_TVPROGS1

Question: IF HEARD ABOUT PRES CAMPAIGN ON TV NEWS/TALK/PUBLIC AFFAIRS/ NEWS ANALYSIS PROG(S): Which of the following television programs do

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you watch regularly? Please check any that you watch at least once a month. (Mark all that apply) Randomized response option order

Meet the Press

V161388

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: TV PROG Meet the Press Item name: MEDSRC_TVPROGS1

NBC Nightly News

V161390

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: TV PROG NBC Nightly News with Lester Holt Item name: MEDSRC_TVPROGS1

On the Record

V161391

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: TV PROG On the Record with Greta Van Susteren Item name: MEDSRC_TVPROGS1

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The Rachel Maddow Show

V161393

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: TV PROG The Rachel Maddow Show Item name: MEDSRC_TVPROGS1

ABC World News Tonight

V161396

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: TV PROG ABC World News with David Muir Item name: MEDSRC_TVPROGS1

Good Morning America

V161400

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: TV PROG Good Morning America Item name: MEDSRC_TVPROGS1

Erin Burnett OutFront

V161404

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: TV PROG Erin Burnett OutFront Item name: MEDSRC_TVPROGS1

Question: IF HEARD ABOUT PRES CAMPAIGN ON TV NEWS/TALK/PUBLIC AFFAIRS/ NEWS ANALYSIS PROG(S): Which of the following television programs do

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you watch regularly? Please check any that you watch at least once a month. (Mark all that apply) Randomized response option order

PBS NewsHour

V161405

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: TV PROG PBS News Hour Item name: MEDSRC_TVPROGS1

The O'Reilly Factor

V161409

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: TV PROG The O’Reilly Factor Item name: MEDSRC_TVPROGS1

CNN en Español

V161415

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: TV PROG CNN en Espanol Item name: MEDSRC_TVPROGS1

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Radio:

The Rush Limbaugh Show

V161428

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: Radio PROG Rush Limbaugh Item name: MEDSRC_RADPROGS

Question: IF R HEARD ABOUT PRES CAMPAIGN ON RADIO NEWS OR RADIO TALK PROGRAM(S): Which of the following radio programs do you listen to regularly? Please check any that you listen to at least once a month. (Mark all that apply) Randomized response option order except last

Morning Edition

V161429

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: Radio PROG Morning Edition (NPR) Item name: MEDSRC_RADPROGS

The Sean Hannity Show

V161430

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: Radio PROG The Sean Hannity Show Item name: MEDSRC_RADPROGS

All Things Considered

V161431

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: Radio PROG All Things Considered (NPR) Item name: MEDSRC_RADPROGS

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The Glenn Beck Program

V161433

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: Radio PROG The Glenn Beck Program Item name: MEDSRC_RADPROGS

Webbsida/ tidningar

CNN.com

V161445

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: Website CNN.com Item name: MEDSRC_WEBSITES

Question: IF R HEARD ABOUT PRES CAMPAIGN ON INTERNET SITE(S), CHAT ROOM(S), OR BLOG(S): Which of the following websites do you visit regularly? Please check any that you visit at least once a month. (Mark all that apply) The top 15 online news websites were selected as they were specifically identified in the Pew Research Center ranking in 2015, which in turn was based on ComScore data. Excluded were gossip (Elite Daily) and sports (bleacherreport.com) sites. Only specific websites were named, not

‘entities’ (‘Yahoo! ABC’), but included were sites representing Pew-listed ‘entities’ that were listed highly on Alexa (Yahoo News and ABC News). A 2016 analysis was not available at the time of the 2016 Time Series study. Randomized response option order except last 1. Selected- (1)

0. Not selected- (0) -1. Inapplicable- (0)

nbcnews.com

V161446

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: Website NBC News (www.nbcnews.com) Item name: MEDSRC_WEBSITES

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huffingtonpost.com

V161447

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: Website Huffington Post (www.huffingtonpost.com) Item name: MEDSRC_WEBSITES

cbsnews.com

V161448

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: Website CBS News (www.cbsnews.com) Item name: MEDSRC_WEBSITES

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usatoday.com

V161449

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: Website USA Today (usatoday.com) Item name: MEDSRC_WEBSITES

Buzzfeed.com

V161450

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: Website Buzzfeed.com Item name: MEDSRC_WEBSITES

nytimes.com

V161451

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention New York Times (nytimes.com) Item name: MEDSRC_WEBSITES

Question: IF R HEARD ABOUT PRES CAMPAIGN ON INTERNET SITE(S), CHAT ROOM(S), OR BLOG(S): Which of the following websites do you visit regularly? Please check any that you visit at least once a month. (Mark all that apply) The top 15 online news websites were selected as they were specifically identified in the Pew Research Center ranking in 2015, which in turn was based on ComScore data. Excluded were gossip (Elite

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Daily) and sports (bleacherreport.com) sites. Only specific websites were named, not

foxnews.com

V161452

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: Website Fox News (www.foxnews.com) Item name: MEDSRC_WEBSITES

‘entities’ (‘Yahoo! ABC’), but included were sites representing Pew-listed ‘entities’ that were listed highly on Alexa (Yahoo News and ABC News). A 2016 analysis was not available at the time of the 2016 Time Series study. Randomized response option order except last 1. Selected- (-1)

washingtonpost.com

V161454

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: Website Washington Post (washingtonpost.com) Item name: MEDSRC_WEBSITES

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news.bbc.co.uk

V161456

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: Website BBC News (news.bbc.co.uk) Item name: MEDSRC_WEBSITES

theguardian.com

V161457

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: Website The Guardian (theguardian.com) Item name: MEDSRC_WEBSITES

abcnews.com

V161458

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Mention: Website ABC News (abcnews.com) Item name: MEDSRC_WEBSITES

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listed highly on Alexa (Yahoo News and ABC News). A 2016 analysis was not available at the time of the 2016 Time Series study. Randomized response option order except last 1. Selected- (1)

Sociologiska variabler 2016

Omkodning inom parantes. V161002

Pre: FTF ONLY: INTERVIEWER : Is R male or female

Label: PRE: FTF ONLY: INTERVIEWER : Is R male or female (Observation) Item name: GEND_GENDOBS

Question: IF MODE OF IW IS FACE-TO-FACE: IS THE RESPONDENT MALE OR FEMALE? IF UNSURE, CODE DK.

1. Male 2. Female

-1. Inapplicable- (missing)

V161267x

Pre: SUMMARY - Respondent age group

Label: PRE: SUMMARY - Respondent age group

01. Age group 18-20 02. Age group 21-24 03. Age group 25-29 04. Age group 30-34 05. Age group 35-39 06. Age group 40-44 07. Age group 45-49 08. Age group 50-54 09. Age group 55-59 10. Age group 60-64 11. Age group 65-69 12. Age group 70-74 13. Age group 75 or older -1. Inapplicable- (missing) V161270

Pre: Highest level of Education

Label: PRE: Highest level of Education Item name: DEM_EDUCR

Question: What is the highest level of school you have completed or the highest degree you have received?

1. Less than 1st grade 2. 1st, 2nd, 3rd or 4th grade

(22)

3. 5th or 6th grade 4. 7th or 8th grade 5. 9th grade 6. 10th grade 7. 11th grade 8. 12th grade no diploma

9. High school graduate- high school diploma or equivalent (for example: GED) 10. Some college but no degree

11. Associate degree in college - occupational/vocational program 12. Associate degree in college -- academic program

13. Bachelor's degree (for example: BA, AB, BS)

14. Master's degree (for example: MA, MS, MENG, MED, MSW, MBA) 15. Professional school degree (for example: MD, DDS, DVM, LLB, JD) 16. Doctorate degree (for example: PHD, EDD)

90. Other specify given as: high school graduate- (missing) 95. Other SPECIFY- (missing)

Pre: Initial R employment status

Label: PRE: Initial R employment status, start of occupation module Item name: DEM_EMPTYPE

Question: Please look at page [PRELOAD: page] of the booklet. We’d like to know if you are working now, temporarily laid off, or are you unemployed, retired, permanently disabled, a homemaker, a student, or what? INTERVIEWER: ENTER ALL THAT APPLY For Web administration, reference to the respondent booklet was omitted.

1. Initial employment status: working now 2. Initial employment status: temporarily laid off 4. Initial employment status: unemployed 5. Initial employment status: retired

6. Initial employment status: permanently disabled 7. Initial employment status: homemaker

8. Initial employment status: student -9. Refused- (missing)

V161361x

Pre income summary

Label: PRE FTF CASI/WEB: Pre income summary

01. Under 5,000 11. 30,000-34,999 12. 35,000-39,999 13. 40,000-44,999 14. 45,000-49,999 15. 50,000-54,999 17. 60,000-64,999 21. 80,000-89,999 22. 90,000-99,999 23. 100,000-109,999

(23)

24. 110,000-124,999 25. 125,000-149,999 26. 150,000-174,999 27. 175,000-249,999 -9. Refused- (missing) V161315

Pre: Native status of parents

Label: PRE: Native status of parents Item name: DEM_PARENTS

Question: Where were your parents born? Were they both born in the U.S., was only one born in the U.S., or were both born in another country?

1. Both parents born in the U.S. 2. One parent born in the U.S.

3. Both parents born in another country -8. Don’t know, missing

-9. Refused, missing V161241

Pre: Is religion important part of R life

Label: PRE: Is religion important part of R life Item name: RELIG_RELIMP

Question: Now on another topic.... Do you consider religion to be an important part of your life, or not?

1. Important 2. Not important

-8. Don’t know- (missing) -9. Refused- (missing) V161310x

Pre: SUMMARY - R self-identified race

Label: PRE: SUMMARY - R self-identified race Item name: DEM_RACECPS

Question: I am going to read you a list of five race categories. Please choose one or more races that you consider yourself to be: - white, - black or African- American, - American Indian or Alaska Native, - Asian, or - Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander? PROBE FOR RACE IF R SAYS HISPANIC OR A HISPANIC ORIGIN ENTER ALL THAT APPLY For Web administration, the question txt was: Please choose one or more races that you consider yourself to be (Mark all that apply).

1. White, non-Hispanic 2. Black, non-Hispanic

3. Asian, native Hawaiian or other Pacif Islr,non-Hispanic 4. Native American or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic 5. Hispanic

6. Other non-Hispanic incl multiple races <WEB: blank ’Other’ counted as a race> -9. Refused- (missing)

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Politisk kunskap 2016

Politisk kunskap 2016= V162217x V162218 Omkodning inom parantes.

V162217

Post: Politics/govt to complicated to understand

Label: POST: [REV] Politics/govt too complicated to understand Item name: EFFICPO_COMPLICREV

Question: IF R SELECTED FOR REVISED VERSION OF REVISED/STANDARD SPLICE: Please turn to page [PRELOAD: page] of the booklet. How often do politics and government seem so complicated that you can’t really understand what’s going on? [Always, most of the time, about half the time, some of the time, or never / Never, some of the time, about half the time, most of the time, or always? For Web administration, reference to the respondent booklet was omitted. Forward/reverse response option order

3. Neither agree nor disagree- (3) 4. Disagree somewhat- (4)

5. Disagree strongly- (5)

Post: Good understanding of political issues

Label: POST: [REV] Good understanding of political issues Item name: EFFICPO_UNDREV

Question: IF R SELECTED FOR REVISED VERSION OF REVISED/STANDARD SPLICE: Not using the booklet. How well do you understand the important political issues facing our country? [Extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly well, or not well at all / Not well at all, slightly well, moderately well, very well, or extremely well]? For Web administration, reference to the respondent booklet was omitted. Forward/reverse response option order

1. Extremely well- (5) 2. Very well- (4)

3. Moderately well- (3) 4. Slightly well- (2) 5. Not well at all- (1)

(25)

Politikt intresse 2016

Politiskt intresse 2016= (V161145+ V161003+ V161004) x V162190 Omkodning inom parantes.

V161145

Pre: Care who wins Presidential Election

Label: PRE: Care who wins Presidential Election revised version Item name: PRESWIN_CAREWIN

Question: How much do you care who wins the presidential election this fall? [A great deal, a lot, a moderate amount, a little, or not at all / Not at all, a little, a moderate amount, a lot, or a great deal]? Forward/reverse response option order

1. A great deal- (4) 2. A lot- (3)

3. A moderate amount- (2) 4. A little- (1)

5. Not at all- (0)

Pre: How often does R pay attn to politicts and elections

Label: PRE: How often does R pay attn to politics and elections Item name: CAMPINT_POLATTREV

Question: How often do you pay attention to what’s going on in government and politics? [Always, most of the time, about half the time, some of the time, or never / Never, some of the time, about half the time, most of the time, or always]? Forward/reverse response option order

1. Always- (4)

Pre: How intrested in following campaings

Label: PRE: How interested in following campaigns Item name: CAMPINT_CAMPINTSTD

Question: Some people don’t pay much attention to political campaigns. How about you? Would you say that you have been [very much interested, somewhat interested or not much interested/ not much interested, somewhat interested or very much interested] in the political campaigns so far this year? Forward/reverse response option order

1. Very much interested- (3) 2. Somewhat interested- (2) 3. Not much interested- (1)

(26)

Post: Important differences in what major parties stand for

Label: POST: Important differences in what major parties stand for Item name: PTYDIFF_IMPDIFFPTY

Question: Next, do you think there are any important differences in what the Repub- licans and Democrats stand for?

1. Yes, differences- (2) 2. No, no differences- (1)

(27)

Appendix 4. Variabler 2012

Tillit 2012

Tillit 2012= trustgov_trustgrev + trustgov_bigintrst + trustgov_waste + trustgov_corrpt Omkodning inom parantes.

trustgov_trustgrev

Label: [REV] How often trust govt in Wash to do what is right Position: Pre-election survey, section-item no. 48.6-2

Description: Trust in government

Question: How often can you trust the federal government in Washington to do what is right? [ALWAYS, MOST OF THE TIME, ABOUT HALF THE TIME, SOME OF THE TIME, or NEVER / NEVER, SOME OF THE TIME, ABOUT HALF THE TIME, MOST OF THE TIME, or ALWAYS]?

1. Always- (0)

-1. Inapplicable- (missing) -8. Don't know- (missing) -9. Refused- (missing) trustgov_bigintrst

Label: Govt run by a few big interests or for benefit of all Position: Pre-election survey, section-item no. 48.6-4 Description: Trust in government

Question: Would you say the government is pretty much RUN BY A FEW BIG INTER- ESTS looking out for themselves or that it is run FOR THE BENEFIT OF ALL THE PEOPLE?

1. Run by a few big interests- (2) 2. For the benefit of all the people- (0) -8. Don't know- (missing)

-9. Refused- (missing) trustgov_waste

Label: Does government waste much tax money Position: Pre-election survey, section-item no. 48.6-5 Description: Trust in government

Question: Do you think that people in government [WASTE A LOT of the money we pay in taxes, WASTE SOME of it, or DON'T WASTE VERY MUCH of it / DON'T WASTE VERY MUCH of the money we pay in taxes, WASTE SOME of it, or WASTE A LOT of it]? 1. Waste a lot- (3)

2. Waste some- (1)

3. Don’t waste very much- (0) -8. Don't know- (missing) -9. Refused- (missing)

(28)

trustgov_corrpt

Label: How many in government are corrupt

Position: Pre-election survey, section-item no. 48.6-6 Description: Trust in government

Question: How many of the people running the government are corrupt? [All, most, about half, a few, or none? / None, a few, about half, most, or all?]

1. All – (4) 2. Most- (3) 3. About half- (2) 4. A few- (1) 5. None- (0)

-8. Don't know- (missing) -9. Refused- (missing)

Misstro 2012

Misstro 2012= trad_adjust + trad_lifestyle + trad_tolerant + trad_famval

Omkodning inom parantes. trad_adjust

Label: Agree/disagree: world is changing and we should adjust Position: Post election survey, section-item no. 148-2

Description: Moral traditionalism

Question: (Looking at page [[preload: postpg g] / [preload:postpg h]] in the booklet) 'The world is always changing and we should adjust our view of moral behavior to those

changes.' Do you [AGREE STRONGLY, AGREE SOMEWHAT, NEITHER AGREE NOR DISAGREE, DISAGREE SOMEWHAT, or DIS- AGREE STRONGLY / DISAGREE STRONGLY, DISAGREE SOMEWHAT, NEITHER AGREE NOR DISAGREE, AGREE SOMEWHAT, or AGREE STRONGLY] with this statement?

6 Not asked, unit nonresponse (no post-election interview) - (missing) -7. Deleted due to partial (post-election) interview missing- (missing) -8. Don't know- (missing)

-9. Refused- (missing) trad_lifestyle

Label: Agree/disagree: newer lifestyles breaking down society Position: Post election survey, section-item no. 148-3

Question: (Looking at page [[preload: postpg g] / [preload:postpg h]] in the booklet) 'The newer lifestyles are contributing to the breakdown of our society.' (Do you [AGREE STRONGLY, AGREE SOMEWHAT, NEITHER AGREE NOR DISAGREE, DISAGREE SOMEWHAT, or DISAGREE STRONGLY / DIS- AGREE STRONGLY, DISAGREE

(29)

SOMEWHAT, NEITHER AGREE NOR DISAGREE, AGREE SOMEWHAT, or AGREE STRONGLY] with this statement?)

-9. Refused- (missing) trad_tolerant

Label: Agree/disagree: be more tolerant of other moral stds Position: Post election survey, section-item no. 148-4 Description: Moral traditionalism

Question: (Looking at page [[preload: postpg g] / [preload:postpg h]] in the booklet) 'We should be more tolerant of people who choose to live according to their own moral standards, even if they are very different from our own.' (Do you [AGREE STRONGLY, AGREE SOMEWHAT, NEITHER AGREE NOR DISAGREE, DISAGREE SOMEWHAT, or DISAGREE STRONGLY / DIS- AGREE STRONGLY, DISAGREE SOMEWHAT, NEITHER AGREE NOR DISAGREE, AGREE SOMEWHAT, or AGREE STRONGLY] with this statement?)

-9. Refused- (missing) trad_famval

Label: Agree/disagree: more emphasis on traditional family values Position: Post election survey, section-item no. 148-5

Question: (Looking at page [[preload: postpg g] / [preload:postpg h]] in the booklet) 'This country would have many fewer problems if there were more emphasis on traditional family ties.' (Do you [AGREE STRONGLY, AGREE SOMEWHAT, NEITHER AGREE NOR DISAGREE, DISAGREE SOME- WHAT, or DISAGREE STRONGLY / DISAGREE STRONGLY, DISAGREE SOMEWHAT, NEITHER AGREE NOR DISAGREE, AGREE SOMEWHAT, or AGREE STRONGLY] with this statement?)

6 Not asked, unit nonresponse (no post-election interview) - (missing) -7. Deleted due to partial (post-election) interview missing- (missing)

(30)

-8. Don't know- (missing) -9. Refused- (missing)

Polarisering 2012

Polarisering 2012= (pid_x x libcpre_self ) x(ft_dem - ft_rep + ft_dpc - ft_rpc) Omkodning inom parantes.

pid_x

Label: PRE: SUMMARY- Party ID 1. Strong Democrat- (4)

2. Not very strong Democract- (3) 3. Independent-Democrat- (2) 4. Independent- (1)

5. Independent-Republican- (2) 6. Not very strong Republican- (3) 7. Strong Republican- (4)

-2 missing- (missing) libcpre_self

Label: 7pt scale Liberal/conservative self-placement

Position: Pre and Post-election survey, section-item no. 32-2 Description: Liberal-conservative placement

Question: Where would you place YOURSELF on this scale, or haven't you thought much about this?

1. Extremely liberal- (4) 2. Liberal- (3)

3. Slightly liberal- (2)

4. Moderate, middle of the road- (1) 5. Slightly conservative- (2)

6. Conservative- (3)

7. Extremely conservative- (4)

-2. Haven’t thought much about this (FTF ONLY: DO NOT PROBE) - (1)

Notera att precis som för 2016 tilldelas -2. (Haven’t thought much about this (FTF ONLY: DO NOT PROBE), 1, d.v.s. det likställs med svarsalternativ 4 av samma anledning. ft_dem

Label: Feeling Thermometer: Democratic Party Position: Pre-election survey, section-item no. 27-11 Description: Pre political figure and party thermometers

Question: (Looking at page [preload: prepg c] of the booklet) (How would you rate:) the DEMOCRATIC PARTY

(31)

ft_rep

Label: Feeling Thermometer: Republican

Position: Party Pre-election survey, section-item no. 27-12 Description: Pre political figure and party thermometers

Question: (Looking at [preload: prepg c] of the booklet) (How would you rate:) the REPUBLICAN PARTY

0-100 ft_dpc

Label: Feeling Thermometer: Democratic Presidential cand Position: Pre and Post-election survey, section-item no. 27-2 Description: Pre political figure and party thermometers

Question: (Looking at page [preload: prepg c] of the booklet) (How would you rate:) [preload: DEM PCNAME]

0-100 ft_rpc

Label: Feeling Thermometer: Republican Presidential cand Position: Pre and Post-election survey, section-item no. 27-4 Description: Pre political figure and party thermometers

Question: (Looking at page [preload: prepg c] of the booklet) (How would you rate:) [preload: REP PCNAME]

0-100

Total mediekonsumtion 2012

Total mediekonsumtion 2012= ((internet+tv+ tidningar+radio)/4) x mediekonsumtion Internet= dagar (prmedia_wkinews) x uppmärksamhet (prmedia_atinews )

TV= dagar (prmedia_wktvnws) x uppmärksamhet (prmedia_attvnews)

Tidningar= dagar (prmedia_wkpaprnws) x uppmärksamhet (prmedia_atpprnews) Radio= dagar (prmedia_wkrdnws) x uppmärksamhet (prmedia_atrdnews)

Omkodning inom parantes.

Internet

prmedia_wkinews

Label: Days in typical week review news on internet Position: Pre-election survey, section-item no. 20.8-8 Description: Pre media exposure and attention

Question: During a typical week, how many days do you watch, read, or listen to news on the Internet, not including sports?

0. None 1. One day 2. Two day 3. Three days

(32)

4. Four days 5. Five days 6. Six days 7. Seven days -1. Inapplicable- (missing) -4. Error- (missing)

-8. Don't know- (missing) -9. Refused- (missing) prmedia_atinews

Label: Attention to internet news

Position: Pre-election survey, section-item no. 20.8-15 Description: Pre media exposure and attention

Question: How much attention do you pay to news about national politics on the In- ternet? [A GREAT DEAL, A LOT, A MODERATE AMOUNT, A LITTLE, or NONE AT ALL /NONE AT ALL, A LITTLE, A MODERATE AMOUNT, A LOT, or A GREAT DEAL]? 1. A great deal- (4) 2. A lot- (3) 3. A moderate amount- (2) 4. A little- (1) 5. None at all- (0) -1. Inapplicable- (missing) -8. Don't know- (missing) -9. Refused- (missing)

TV

prmedia_wktvnws

Label: Days in typical week watch news on TV

Question: During a typical week, how many days do you watch national news on TV, not including sports? 0. None 1. One day 2. Two day 3. Three days 4. Four days 5. Five days 6. Six days 7. Seven days -1. Inapplicable- (missing) -4. Error- (missing)

-8. Don't know- (missing) -9. Refused- (missing) prmedia_attvnews

Label: Attention to TV news

(33)

Question: How much attention do you pay to news about national politics on TV? [A GREAT DEAL, A LOT, A MODERATE AMOUNT, A LITTLE, or NONE AT ALL / NONE AT ALL, A LITTLE, A MODERATE AMOUNT, A LOT, or A GREAT DEAL]?

1. A great deal- (4) 2. A lot- (3) 3. A moderate amount- (2) 4. A little- (1) 5. None at all- (0) -1. Inapplicable- (missing) -8. Don't know- (missing) -9. Refused- (missing)

Tidningar

prmedia_wkpaprnws

Label: Days in typical wk read news in print newspaper Position: Pre-election survey, section-item no. 20.8-19 Description: Pre media exposure and attention

Question: During a typical week, how many days do you read news in a printed newspaper, not including sports?

0. None 1. One day 2. Two day 3. Three days 4. Four days 5. Five days 6. Six days 7. Seven days -1. Inapplicable- (missing) -4. Error- (missing)

-8. Don't know- (missing) -9. Refused- (missing) prmedia_atpprnews

Label: Attention to printed newspaper news

Question: How much attention do you pay to news about national politics in printed

newspapers? [A GREAT DEAL, A LOT, A MODERATE AMOUNT, A LITTLE, or NONE AT ALL / NONE AT ALL, A LITTLE, A MODERATE AMOUNT, A LOT, or A GREAT DEAL]? 1. A great deal- (4) 2. A lot- (3) 3. A moderate amount- (2) 4. A little- (1) 5. None at all- (0) -1. Inapplicable- (missing) -8. Don't know- (missing) -9. Refused- (missing)

(34)

Radio

prmedia_wkrdnws

Label: Days in typical week listen news on radio Position: Pre-election survey, section-item no. 20.8-22 Description: Pre media exposure and attention

Question: During a typical week, how many days do you listen to news on the radio, not including sports? 0. None 1. One day 2. Two day 3. Three days 4. Four days 5. Five days 6. Six days 7. Seven days -1. Inapplicable- (missing) -4. Error- (missing)

-8. Don't know- (missing) -9. Refused- (missing) prmedia_atrdnews

Label: Attention to radio news

Question: How much attention do you pay to news about national politics on the radio? [A GREAT DEAL, A LOT, A MODERATE AMOUNT, A LITTLE, or NONE AT ALL / NONE AT ALL, A LITTLE, A MODERATE AMOUNT, A LOT, or A GREAT DEAL]? 1. A great deal- (4) 2. A lot- (3) 3. A moderate amount- (2) 4. A little- (1) 5. None at all- (0) -1. Inapplicable- (missing) -8. Don't know- (missing) -9. Refused- (missing)

PRE: CASI/WEB Which tv progs R watches regularly:

(medsrc_tvprog_02, medsrc_tvprog_03, medsrc_tvprog_04, medsrc_tvprog_05, medsrc_tvprog_06, medsrc_tvprog_07, medsrc_tvprog_09, medsrc_tvprog_11, medsrc_tvprog_12, medsrc_tvprog_13, medsrc_tvprog_17, medsrc_tvprog_20, medsrc_tvprog_21, medsrc_tvprog_22, medsrc_tvprog_23, medsrc_tvprog_24, medsrc_tvprog_25, medsrc_tvprog_26, medsrc_tvprog_32, medsrc_tvprog_34, medsrc_tvprog_36, medsrc_tvprog_37, medsrc_tvprog_39, medsrc_tvprog_41, medsrc_tvprog_43, medsrc_tvprog_45)

(35)

PRE: CASI/WEB Radio prgs R lstns reg'ly:

(medsrc_radio_01, medsrc_radio_05, medsrc_radio_08, medsrc_radio_11, medsrc_radio_13, medsrc_radio_14)

PRE: CASI/WEB Wch websites R visits reg'ly:

(medsrc_websites_01, medsrc_websites_02, medsrc_websites_03, medsrc_websites_05, medsrc_websites_07, medsrc_websites_08, medsrc_websites_10, medsrc_websites_11, medsrc_websites_13, medsrc_websites_14)

Mediakonsumtion= (tv60minutes) + (tvABCNEwsNightline) + (tvABCWorldNewsTonight) + (tvAmericaLive) + (tvAmericaThisMorning) + (tvAmericasNewsroom) +

(tvAnersonCooper360) +(tvCBSEveningNews) + (tvCBSThisMorning) +

(tvChrisMatthewsShow) + (tvDateline) + (tvFaceTheNation) + (tvTheFive) + (tvFoxReport) + (tvFrontline) + (tvGoodMorningAmerica) + (tvHannity) + (tvHuckabee) +

(tvMeetThePress) + (tvNBCNightlyNews) + (tvOReillyFactor) + (tvOnTheRecord) + (tvRockCenter) + (tvSpecialReport) + (tvSundayMorning) + (tvThisWeek) +

(radioAllThingsConsidered) + (radioGlennBeckProgram) + (radioMorningEdition) +

(radioTheRushLimbaughShow) + (radioTheSeanHannityShow) + (radioTalkToTheNaion) + (webbabcnews.go.com) + (webbcnn.com) + (webbdrudgereport.com) + (webbfoxnews.com) + (webbnews.google.com) + (webbhuffingtonpost.com) + (webbmsnbc.msn.com) +

(webbnytimes.com) + (webbusatoday.com) + (webbwashigtonpost.com)

TV

60 Minutes

medsrc_tvprog_02

Label: PRE: CASI/WEB Which tv progs R watches regularly: mention 60 Minutes 0. Not selected by R- (0)

1. Selected by R- (1) -1. Inapplicable- (0)

ABC News Nightline

medsrc_tvprog_03

Label: PRE: CASI/WEB Wch tv prgs R watches reg'ly: mention ABC News Nightline 0. Not selected by R- (0)

ABC World News Tonight

medsrc_tvprog_04

Label: PRE: CASI/WEB Wch tv prgs R watch reg'ly: mentn ABC World News Tonight 0. Not selected by R- (0)

America Live with Megyn Kelly

medsrc_tvprog_05

Label: PRE: CASI/WEB Which tv progs R watches regularly: mention America Live 0. Not selected by R- (0)

(36)

-1. Inapplicable- (0)

America This Morning

medsrc_tvprog_06

Label: PRE: CASI/WEB Wch tv prgs R watches reg'ly: mentn America This Morning 0. Not selected by R- (0)

America's Newsroom

medsrc_tvprog_07

Label: PRE: CASI/WEB Wch tv progs R watches reg'ly: mentn America's Newsroom 0. Not selected by R- (0)

1. Selected by R- (-1) -1. Inapplicable- (0)

Anderson Cooper 360

medsrc_tvprog_09

Label: PRE: CASI/WEB Wch tv progs R watches regularly: mentn Anderson Cooper 0. Not selected by R- (0)

Evening News with Scott Pelley

medsrc_tvprog_11

Label: PRE: CASI/WEB Wch tv progs R watches regularly: mentn CBS Evening News 0. Not selected by R- (0)

This Morning

medsrc_tvprog_12

Label: PRE: CASI/WEB Wch tv progs R watches regularly: mentn CBS This Morning 0. Not selected by R- (0)

The Chris Matthews Show

medsrc_tvprog_13

Label: PRE: CASI/WEB Wch tv progs R watches reg'ly: mentn Chris Matthews Show 0. Not selected by R- (0)

Dateline

medsrc_tvprog_17

Label: PRE: CASI/WEB Which tv progs R watches regularly: mention Dateline NBC 0. Not selected by R- (0)

(37)

Face the Nation

medsrc_tvprog_20

Label: PRE: CASI/WEB Which tv progs R watches reg'ly: mention Face the Nation 0. Not selected by R- (0)

The Five

medsrc_tvprog_21

Label: PRE: CASI/WEB Which tv programs R watches regularly: mention The Five 0. Not selected by R- (0)

The Fox Report

medsrc_tvprog_22

Label: PRE: CASI/WEB Which tv progs R watches regularly: mention Fox Report 0. Not selected by R- (0) 1. Selected by R- (-1) -1. Inapplicable- (0) Frontline medsrc_tvprog_23

Label: PRE: CASI/WEB Which tv programs R watches regularly: mention Frontline 0. Not selected by R- (0)

Good Morning America

medsrc_tvprog_24

Label: PRE: CASI/WEB Wch tv progs R watches regly: mentn Good Morning America 0. Not selected by R- (0)

Hannity

medsrc_tvprog_25

Label: PRE: CASI/WEB Which tv programs R watches regularly: mention Hannity 0. Not selected by R- (0)

Huckabee

medsrc_tvprog_26

Label: PRE: CASI/WEB Which tv programs R watches regularly: mention Huckabee 0. Not selected by R- (0)

Appendix 3-­‐8 Trump, polarisering och mediekonsumtion

Appendix 3-­‐8