Bilagor

På grund av att intervjudeltagarna valde att svara på intervjufrågorna på olika sätt har vi sammanställt dem så tydligt som möjligt. I de fall som intervjupersonen har svarat tydligt på specifika frågor har vi tydliggjort vilken fråga det berör men annars är information de uppgett bara inklistrad som vi fått den.

Intervjuperson A

Fråga 1. A: Vad ledde till att du började använda dig av TOR-browser?

Var i behov av en Säker Webbläsare som kunde användas för illigala köp.

Fråga 1. B: Vad ledde till att du började besöka sidor på Dark Web?

Behövde hitta någon som sålde tyngre droger utan att behöva träffa någon osäker person på gatan.

Fråga 2. A: Varför använder du dig av TOR-browser?

Använder inte TOR idag men om jag skulle behöva få tag på något på den svarta marknaden vet jag vart man kan vända sig.

Fråga 2. B: Varför surfar du på Dark Web? För att få tag på saker som oftast är olagligt.

Fråga 3. A: Använder du dig i dag av traditionella webbläsare som Google Chrome, Firefox

eller Safari, och i så fall i vilket syfte?

Självklart, i alla syften utan droghandel.

Fråga 3. B: Besöker du hemsidor på Surface Web, och i så fall i vilket syfte? Ja i de flesta vardagliga syften.

Fråga 4: Hur tror du att ditt Internetanvändande kommer se ut i framtiden?

Mitt internet surfande på Dark/Deep web är nog över då jag inte är i behov av tjänsterna som finns.

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Intervjuperson B

Way back, in the year 2013, I saw an article in my local rag which said “illegal Chinese websites selling AK-47s”. Wow I had to know more about this. I'd been hooked by the shameless bait employed by the Courier Mail, a proud member of newscorp being the Murdoch print empire, to lure me into turning the page till I reached the article. Read it in about 30 seconds and then turned to my iPad and began to type into google “I want to buy an AK-47 on the internet”, But before I got any further than “I want to…”, google had prompted another more popular question “I want to buy drugs on the internet” and I had inadvertently hit enter without checking what I had actually written. The search pulled back a multitude of hits which I began to read through and about half way down the 2nd page the URL and page title piqued my interest more than most. It was an article written by Gwern about the Silk Road and the Dark Net and was about 12 pages long. I read it eagerly and was captivated. What was this place, what was encryption, what were bitcoins and what was TOR??? Fascinated I downloaded the TOR browser bundle and have been hooked ever since.

What keeps me coming back? I think it's still the intrigue and mystery of it all. It's like one of the final frontiers and who knows how deep the rabbit hole goes? I'd even go as far as saying it holds all the answers to our questions…

Intervjuperson C

I started using Tor so I could buy drugs using .onion marketplaces. You pay in bitcoins and if you live within the US, drugs will arrive in your mail within a week or so if you buy from reputable vendors. The markets have feedback systems just like Amazon where buyers leave ratings out of 5 stars. Back in February 2011 the infamous first Silk Road was launched starting a darknet craze. Darknet drug buyers aren’t a very “Quoran” demographic but there are tens of thousands of them around the world.

Of course there is some risk to it, but if you buy small personal amounts of drugs that aren’t detectable by dogs ( eg. psychedelics)…. there is very small chance of getting caught. Think about how much legitimate mail goes through the postal system? There are sellers on major .onion markets with thousands of successful transactions and 4.8/4.9 feedback. Some of their stealth ideas for disguising packages are ingenious.

Obviously Tor has its limitations, but there are options such as VPNs, TAILs, Qubes, and Whonix that can improve anonymity.

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Intervjuperson D

UNIVERSITY NOTICE! Facebook is blocked in university. It is effecting student studies therefore access to facebook has been denied on university internet.

I was boarder then. Word got around that guys in boys hostel use this ‘tor browser’ to access facebook. We followed suit. Tor bypassed university proxy server and everyone in hostel was using tor browser to access facebook and youtube. That was before the days of smartphones and data internet.

That was the first and only time I used tor browser.

Intervjuperson E

Simply put: I was curious. I was young, naive, and very, very stupid. I thought that by having access to the dark web I'd have access to the underbelly of cyber-crime, and to a host of elite hackers, powerful hitmen and a slew of illegal drugs. All of this was accessible, but I learnt that none of it was what it seemed. Overtime, I ended up joining a forum, and lending what little knowledge I had to others. I learnt the serious uses of the deep web, such as free press and state-proxy bypassing. Because of its expressly non-political narrative, what I saw shaped who I am today, a skeptic, and an upholder of free speech above all else.

Intervjuperson F

Question 1. A: Why did you start using Tor-browser?

I started using the Tor Browser because it is the only secure way to use Tor, in addition to all its fingerprinting defenses and its other features.

Question 1. B: Why did you start visiting sites on The Dark Web?

As Dr. Paul Sylverson said in a lecture: (paraphrasing) "Onion services now are a bit like how TLS/HTTPS was in 2001." I mainly use it because it provides more security than HTTPS, and since it's end to end encrypted I don't have to worry about a malicious exit node. Also especially with services (not sites) such as Ricochet and Onionshare that really use the built-in. If a clearnet website has an onion service (https://duckduckgo.com for example) I will always choose its onion service over the clearnet website.

Question 1. C: What are your thoughts on the surveillance and censoring that happens on Surface Web?

I think surveillance of the surface web is just illegitimate and unlawful. But censoring things is a more nuanced thing, for example one can't be against blocking a server that is used as a Command & Control for a malware.

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Question 2. A: Why do you use Tor-browser today?

Because it's still the only secure way to use Tor, and it gets more secure especially with recent hardening and sandboxing efforts.

Question 2. B: Why do you surf The Dark Web today?

Same reason as above.

Question 3. A: Do you use traditional browser such as Google Chrome, Fire Fox or Safari, if so in what purposes?

Yes, I use Firefox exclusively for banking/shopping.

Question 3. B: Do you visit sites on Surface Web, if so in what purposes?

Yes, 80% of my traffic is just visiting sites on the surface web (youtube, reddit, news sites, github).

Question 4. A: How do you think your Internet usage will be in the future?

I think with the normalization and the coming of more secure next-generation onion services, I will start using them more as more websites start launching their onion services.

Intervjuperson G

I’ve been surfing and diving and snorkeling on the Dark Net, Deep Web for over a year now. I have seen many weird, stomach-upsetting, horrible things.

I still don’t know what drives me on, keeps me from leaving the Dark Net, all i know is that something that started out as curiosity that came from reading an article on the newspaper turned into an obsession. But that was before I saw all the horrible horrible stuff. That was when I decided that the next time I ran into something that was in the horrible extremeness, i would report such websites and make sure they don’t see the light of day again.

Question 3. A: Do you use traditional browser such as Google Chrome, Fire Fox or Safari, if so in what purposes? and 3. B: Do you visit sites on Surface Web, if so in what purposes?

I use Google Chrome when I'm not using TOR browser. Why?, well i do have a life outside of TOR, i do have Facebook and gmail and twitter and pretty much everything everyone else has. When I go on the TOR, I am a completely different person. I have diferent tastes, likes, dislikes, etc.

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Follow up question to 3.A: What do you mean by different person?

By a different person, I mean… There are some big bad disgusting stuff out there and you need to have the stomach to go through with seeing them so you can tell the authorities exactly what you saw. Not only that, you also need to be able to live with those pictures in your mind. I, as a normal person cannot do that. So my solution is that if i change into someone else entirely, then well, that other person would have to live with all the horrible stuff they saw. Anonymous me is a dark shady mysterious person who is into everything bad, so i can go as deep as possible. These include pedo files, drug rings, cannabalistic forums, gore, etc. when i'm deep enough, i submit the details as tips to the proper cyber security authorities.

Question 4: How do you think your Internet usage will be in the future?

Internet Usage in the future? This is the future that so many in the past thought of, and well, its not perfect. Nothing ever is, So i have no expectations. Because if it does turn out to be perfect, well then, I would lose my job as cleaning the Dark Net!

Intervjuperson H

Question 1. A: Why did you start using Tor-browser?

I started using Tor-Browser to become more anonymous on the internet, to get my privacy back.

Question 1. B: Why did you start visiting sites on The Dark Web?

(are we talking about .onion sites only in this question): Because these site's provide me an extra layer of anonymity over normal websites. Also they are mostly optimized to work without javascript which is a good thing.

Follow up question to 1.B: What are your reason for not thinking that javascript is a good thing?

Javascript opens the attack surface. Lots of browser exploits use javascript to infect a user. Also a malicious tor-exit-node could inject this (mitm) when using a non-https connection. Another reason is that javascript de-anonymizes users, because it can reveal a lot of info about the browser and the operating system of the user, like a digital fingerprint. (for example see ip-check.info with and without javascript).

Question 1.C: What are your thoughts on the surveillance and censoring that happens on Surface Web?

I think it's a very bad thing. We are being limited in our privacy and freedom. The freedom to visit / see what we want, this also damages the freedom of speech. People have no idea that

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this is going on, or they don't care. They come up with the famous I have nothing to hide argument. They think most important topics in the world are the headlines, stuff like climate changes, terrorism etc. But I think that the current surveillance and censoring should also be a very important topic. People don't realize what the impact of these things are, what the risks of it are, what it means for our future, our children and their freedom.

Question 2.A: Why do you use Tor-browser today?

see answer 1a.

Question 2.B: Why do you surf The Dark Web today?

see answer 1b.

Question 3.A: Do you use traditional browser such as Google Chrome, Fire Fox or Safari, if so in what purposes?

I do use firefox with a bunch of addons.

Question 3.B: Do you visit sites on Surface Web, if so in what purposes?

Mostly for banking. Sometimes to watch high bandwidth youtube videos, I run through a VPN then.

Question 4: How do you think your Internet usage will be in the future?

I think it will be the same, it might become a cat and mouse game between people who want more privacy / anonymity and people who try to damage that or stop relevant tools. I make sure I follow trends and stay up to date with latest technologies.

Intervjuperson I

Note: I refuse to use the term "Dark Web." It makes a perfectly legitimate activity sound mysterious and shady for no reason.

Question 1.A: Why did you start using Tor-browser?

I started using the Tor browser in order to reclaim my privacy. When I was an undergraduate student in computer science I became aware of how one can be tracked accross the Internet. I decided to try Tor to reclaim my privacy. At the time I felt a bit afraid using it because I thought using Tor would get me put on some sort of list as a suspicious person, so I only used it infrequently. In 2013, after the Snowden revelations, I realized that the government viewed all of its people as suspicious anyway, regardless of whether or not they used Tor. This left me with a simple choice: appear suspicious to the government and don't protect yourself, or

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appear suspicious to the government and protect yourself. Ever since these revelations I have been using Tor daily, with most of my Internet traffic (not just web browsing) going through Tor.

Question 1.B: Why did you start visiting sites [hosted] on [Onion Services]?

Well, fascination brought me to Onion Services. The idea of an anonymous web service is certainly technically fascinating. After I found the Hidden Wiki I started reading some articles on it. One I remember reading was "How to Exit the Matrix," which was about breaking out of society's methods of social control. I really need to reread that article, now that I think about it.

Then I discovered TorMail (back when that existed). I began using that as an email service for contacting people on the Internet that I didn't trust yet. After TorMail went down, I began using Sigaint for that purpose. Now that Sigaint is down, I need to find a new replacement. I also visited Silk Road once, but since I didn't have any need or desire for the products on there I didn't purchase anything.

Question 1.C: What are your thoughts on the surveillance and censoring that happens on [the World Wide Web]?

I could go on forever about this. The world has created a culture of surveillance and

censorship. The Internet, which was once seen as a democratic tool that gave a megaphone to even the most insignificant individual (if there is such a thing), is increasingly becoming centralized and controlled by corporations and governments who use their influence over it to foster ideas that are profitable for them, while claiming it's for our own good.

Tor is part of a rebellion. It is the people sticking up for the rights of the individual, and saying "No, I will not be your commodity, and I will not be controlled." People in power hate Tor and other privacy tools. They diminish their control. The only thing I have to say about that is "Good."

People complain about the evil uses of Tor, citing drugs, terrorism, and child pornography. I will address each of these.

Drugs: Governments has no right to tell people what they can do with their own body. The "war on drugs" is an abomination and is actually a war on autonomy. I don't use drugs, but I do value autonomy.

Terrorism: Governments have no problem with terrorism, really. They use it. They create laws and prison sentences as "deterrents," meaning to use fear of sentencing and violence as a way to modify the behavior of the public to be what the government wants. That sounds like

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terrorism to me. In addition, governments like the US spread terror in other nations, particularly in the middle east and north africa. The way I see it, Tor is my way to defend against the largest terrorist organizations.

Child pornography: Child molestation is a terrible thing. Absolutely horrific. Any forced sexual interaction is absolutely horrific, and is a terrible type of violence. However, the government isn't focusing its efforts on going after molestors and people who violate

children. They are focusing instead on going after the evidence of the molestation. They take the evidence down and say "out if sight, out of mind." That doesn't work. Anyway, that

argument might be a bit irrelevant. The fact is that the child molesters will continue to molest children, with or without Tor. It is not worth sacrificing the rights of everyone to force a particular set of bad people to use other tools. There are other investagitive avenues for people who want to help abused kids.

Question 2. A: Why do you use Tor-browser today?

Same reasons. I value my rights and the rights of other people. Now that my technical understanding has increased, I also realize that by using Tor more frequently I am contributing to the anonymity set for other Tor users.

Question 2. B: Why do you surf [Onion Services] today?

So many cool and good services! Securedrop, riccochet, securebook, sigaint (until recently), onionshare, etc, all rely on Onion Services. There are also blogs, articles, a wikileaks mirror, etc. Onion services are useful, even for people who don't use drugs!

Question 3. A: Do you use traditional browser such as Google Chrome, Fire Fox or Safari, if so in what purposes?

I use Firefox and Chrome (rarely). I use firefox for things that aren't well suited for Tor (when I need JS, Flash, etc) and I use Chrome for things like Netflix.

Question 3.B: Do you visit sites on [the World Wide Web], if so in what purposes?

Well, yeah, but most of my browsing occurs through the Tor Browser (I put up with a lot of captchas). I visit them for the same purposes as everyone else, news, research, cat pictures, communication, entertainment, etc.

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Question 4. A: How do you think your Internet usage will be in the future?

More Tor, less FF or Chrome. More hidden services, more donations to those who run hidden services. Use unprotected channels only when I want to send a message to anyone who might be clistening.