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Government of Eritrea

Proclamation No 82/1995 - National Service Proclamation of 23 October 1995 http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,LEGAL,,LEGISLATION,ERI,,3dd8d3af4,0.html Date accessed 18 June 2013

14 The Times http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/

‘UN imposes sanctions on Eritrea over support for rebels in Somalia’, 23 December 2009

http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/africa/article6966873.ece Date accessed 29 October 2010

15 Social Institutions and Gender Index http://genderindex.org/

Gender Equality and Social Institutions in Eritrea (2012 version) http://genderindex.org/country/eritrea

Date accessed 23 May 2012

16 Transparency International http://www.transparency.org/

Corruption Perceptions Index 2012, 5 December 2012 http://www.transparency.org/cpi2012/results

Date accessed 12 June 2013

17 United Nations Integrated Regional Information Network (IRIN) http://www.irinnews.org/

a ‘Eritrea-Ethiopia: Refugees embrace life “out of camps”’, 30 August 2010 http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportID=90334

Date accessed 16 December 2010

b ‘Ethiopia-Eritrea: A Chronology of Key Events in 2004’, 5 January 2005 http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=52579

Date accessed 4 February 2011

c ‘Ethiopia-Eritrea: A Chronology of Key Events in 2005’, 11 January 2006

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2006/01/mil-060111-irin03.htm#Jul Date accessed 22 October 2010

d ‘Eritrea: How bad is the food crisis really? – analysis’, 12 June 2009 http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=84827 Date accessed 16 December 2010

18 International Crisis Group http://www.crisisgroup.org/

a ‘Eritrea: The Siege State’, 21 September 2010

http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/africa/horn-of-africa/ethiopia-eritrea/163%20Eritrea%20The%20Siege%20State.ashx

Date accessed 8 August 2012

b ‘Eritrea: Scenarios for Future Transition’, 28 March 2013

http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/africa/horn-of-africa/ethiopia-eritrea/200-

eritrea-scenarios-for-future-transition.pdf?utm_source=eritrea-report&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=mremail Date accessed 6 June 2013

19 International Food Policy Institute Research Institute http://www.ifpri.org/

2012 Global Hunger Index, 11 October 2012 http://www.ifpri.org/ghi/2012

Date accessed 29 August 2013

20 Reporters Without Borders http://en.rsf.org/

a ‘Enemies of the Internet Report 2012’, 13 March 2012 http://en.rsf.org/eritrea-eritrea-12-03-2012,42060.html Date accessed 23 May 2012

b ‘Three journalists held since 2001 die in Eiraeiro prison camp’, 30 August 2012

http://en.rsf.org/eritrea-three-journalists-held-since-2001-30-08-2012,43298.html Date accessed 29 August 2013

21 Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights http://www.adh-geneva.ch/

Eritrea: International treaties adherence (last updated 10 June 2013) http://www.adh-geneva.ch/RULAC/international_treaties.php?id_state=61 Date accessed 10 June 2013

22 World Health Organization (WHO) http://www.who.int/en/

Mental Health Atlas 2011, Eritrea section

http://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/atlas/profiles/eri_mh_profile.pdf Date accessed 4 September 2013

23 pacificprime http://www.pacificprime.com/

Eritrea Health Insurance (undated)

http://m.pacificprime.com/countries/eritrea/

Date accessed 7 June 2012

24 Europa World Plus http://www.europaworld.com/pub/

Eritrea section (subscription access only) Copyright Routledge 2003-2012 Date accessed 31 July 2013

25 BBC News Online http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/

a ‘Country Profile - Timeline: Eritrea’, 26 June 2013 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13349395 Date accessed 31 July 2013

b ‘Eritrea bans female circumcision’, 4 April 2007 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6527619.stm Date accessed 28 February 2011

c ‘Eritrea Country Profile – Media’, 15 August 2012 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13349077

Date accessed 12 June 2013

d ‘Concern at Horn troop deployment’, 17 February 2005 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4274759.stm Date accessed 22 October 2010

e ‘Eritrea incursion “to pick crops”’, 17 October 2006 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6057352.stm Date accessed 22 October 2010

f ‘Eritrea to pay Ethiopia millions’,18 August 2009 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8208285.stm Date accessed 29 October 2010

g ‘Eritrea Country Profile – Facts’, 19 December 2012 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13349075 Date accessed 10 June 2013

h ‘Eritrea: UN Security Council toughens sanctions’, 6 December 2011 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-16043561

Date accessed 19 June 2012

i ‘Eritrea: Asmara calm after “information ministry raid”’, 22 January 2013 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-21144594

Date accessed 31 July 2013

j ‘Eritrea seeks to rejoin East African body Igad’, 2 August 2011 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14370257

Date accessed 2 July 2012

k ‘Ethiopia “launches military attack inside Eritrea”’, 15 March 2012 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14370257

Date accessed 2 July 2012

l ‘Eritrea President Isaias Afewerki goes on TV to dispel health rumours’, 28 April 2012 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17883320

Date accessed 2 July 2012

m ‘US sanctions on Eritrea spy chief Negash over al-Shabab’, 6 July 2012 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-18735931

Date accessed 30 July 2012

n ‘Canada expels Eritrea envoy over expat fees claims’, 29 May 2013 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-22708711

Date accessed 16 August 2013

o ‘Eritrean tells of Sinai torture for ransom’, 20 May 2013 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-22575182

Date accessed 19 June 2013

26 XE Universal Currency Converter http://www.xe.com/ucc/

Currency Converter Widget © XE 2013 http://www.xe.com/ucc/

Date accessed 9 August 2013 27 Awate http://www.awate.com

a ‘Eritrea Annuls All Passports; Issues New Ones’, 19 April 2010 http://www.awate.com/portal/content/view/5560/3/

Date accessed 31 January 2011

b ‘Eritrean Government Unit Attacked’, 26 September 2008 http://www.awate.com/portal/content/view/4966/3/

Date accessed 22 October 2010

c ‘Eritrean regime rounds up thousands of Keren youth’, 12 March 2007 http://www.awate.com/portal/content/view/4489/3/

Date accessed 3 February 2011

d ‘Ethiopia Attacks Military Bases Inside Eritrea’, 16 March 2012 http://awate.com/ethiopia-attacks-military-bases-inside-eritrea/

Date accessed 19 June 2012

e ‘Education not Incarceration: Build Schools not Prisons’, 4 June 2010 http://awate.com/education-not-incarceration-build-schools-not-prisons/

Date accessed 28 January 2011

f ‘The Next EDA-EPDP Confrontation’, 17 January 2011

http://awate.com/the-next-eda-epdp-confrontation/

Date accessed 6 April 2011

g ‘Eritrea - The Network of Prisons’, 21 September 2009 http://awate.com/eritrea-the-network-of-prisons-2/

Date accessed 12 August 2013

28 Foxbusiness.com http://www.foxbusiness.com/index.html

‘The 10 Poorest Countries in the World’, 14 September 2012

http://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/2012/09/14/10-poorest-countries-in-world/

Date accessed 29 August 2013

29 Human Rights Watch (HRW) http://www.hrw.org/

a ‘Escalating Crackdown in Eritrea Reformists, Journalists, Students At Risk’, 21 September 2001

http://www.ifex.org/eritrea/2001/09/21/escalating_crackdown_in_eritrea/

Date accessed 7 January 2011

b ‘World Report 2013 – Eritrea’, published on 19 February 2013 https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/wr2013_web.pdf

Date accessed 7June 2013

c ‘Service for Life - State Repression and Indefinite Conscription in Eritrea’, 16 April 2009 http://www.hrw.org/node/82284

Date accessed 4 February 2011

d ‘The Horn Of Africa War: Mass Expulsions and the Nationality Issue (June 1998 - April 2002)’, January 2003

http://hrw.org/reports/2003/ethioerit0103/

Date accessed 22 October 2010

e ‘Sudan: End Mass Summary Deportations of Eritreans’, 25 October 2011

http://www.hrw.org/news/2011/10/25/sudan-end-mass-summary-deportations-eritreans Date accessed 2 July 2012

30 United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service http://www.ers.usda.gov/

International Food Security Assessment 2012-2022, July 2012 http://www.ers.usda.gov/media/849266/gfa23.pdf

Date accessed 8 August 2012

31 Open Democracy http://www.opendemocracy.net/

‘Eritrea: the politics of food security’, 5 September 2011

http://www.opendemocracy.net/selam-kidane/eritrea-politics-of-food-security Date accessed 8 August 2012

32 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home

a UNHCR Eligibility Guidelines for Assessing the International Protection needs of Asylum-Seekers from Eritrea, 20 April 2011

http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,,,ERI,,4dafe0ec2,0.html Date accessed 18 May 2011

b ‘Young Eritreans in Ethiopia face future in limbo’, 21 July 2011 http://www.unhcr.org/4e27de636.html

Date accessed 19 June 2013

c ‘Eritrean refugees in Ethiopia get new camp in north of country’, 13 June 2013 http://www.unhcr.org/51b9b66b9.html

Date accessed 23 August 2013 33 Bozzini, Dr David

a ‘National Service and State Structures in Eritrea’ (agreed minutes of presentation), 16 February 2012

http://www.bfm.admin.ch/content/dam/data/migration/laenderinformationen/herkunftslae nderinformationen/afrika/eri/ERI-agreed-minutes-bozzini-e.pdf

Date accessed 2 August 2012

b ‘Low-tech Surveillance and the Despotic State in Eritrea’, 2011

http://library.queensu.ca/ojs/index.php/surveillance-and-society/article/view/low-tech Date accessed 5 August 2013

34 jeberti.com www.jeberti.com

Eritrean Authority Personnel, undated

http://www.jeberti.com/pdf/Salih%20%20Abdellah%20%20%28TGRINYA%29%2027-8-2011.pdf

Date accessed 29 August 2013

35 United States Commission on International Religious Freedom http://www.uscirf.gov/

Annual Report 2013, published in April 2013

http://www.uscirf.gov/images/2013%20USCIRF%20Annual%20Report%20(2).pdf Date accessed 13 June 2013

36 indigenouspeoplesissues.com http://indigenouspeoplesissues.com/

Country report of a research project by the International Labour Organisation and the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights on the constitutional and legislative protection of the rights of indigenous peoples: Eritrea, published in 2009

http://indigenouspeoplesissues.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8

752:eritrea-country-report-of-the-research-project-by-the-ilo-and-the-african- commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights-on-the-constitutional-and-legislative-protection-of-the-right

Date accessed 26 April 2011

37 Everyculture http://www.everyculture.com/

Eritrea - Ethnic Groups (undated)

http://www.everyculture.com/Cr-Ga/Eritrea.html Date accessed 23 May 2012

38 Ethnologue: Languages of the World, sixteenth edition, SIL International http://www.ethnologue.com/

Languages of Eritrea. Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009

http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=ER

Date accessed 23 May 2012

39 Voice of America http://www.voanews.com/

‘Eritrea President Denies Stifling Free Speech’, 18 May 2012

http://www.voanews.com/content/etritrean-president-denies-blocking-freedom-of-speech/692095.html

Date accessed 2 July 2012

40 The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association http://ilga.org/

‘State-sponsored Homophobia - A world survey of laws: Criminalisation, protection and recognition of same-sex love’, May 2013

http://old.ilga.org/Statehomophobia/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2013.pdf Date accessed 13 June 2013

41 Constitutionnet.org http://www.constitutionnet.org/

Constitution of Eritrea (undated)

http://www.constitutionnet.org/files/Eritrea%20Constitution.pdf Date accessed 13 January 2011

42 United States Department of Labour http://www.dol.gov/

‘2011 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor’, 26 September 2012 http://www.dol.gov/ilab/programs/ocft/2011TDA.pdf

Date accessed 14 June 2013

43 patachu.com http://patachu.com/

‘Eritrea: 1941 to the Present’, 25 May 2012 http://patachu.com/eritrea-1941-to-the-present/

Date accessed 30 July 2013

44 CNN News http://edition.cnn.com/

‘Eritrean Youth are at it again: Massive Demonstrations planned in Eritrea on May 24’, 9 April 2012

http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-773369 Date accessed 12 August 2013

45 Human Rights Concern - Eritrea (UK-based NGO) http://hrc-eritrea.org/

a ‘Appalling Work Conditions at Bisha-Nevsun Mining Project, Eritrea’, 21 July 2011 http://hrc-eritrea.org/appalling-work-conditions-at-bisha-nevsun-mining-project-eritrea/

Date accessed 2 August 2013

b ‘The Tragedy of the Eritrean Refugees Caught Up in the Libyan Uprising’, 25 February 2011

http://hrc-eritrea.org/the-tragedy-of-the-eritrean-refugees-caught-up-in-the-libyan-uprising/

Date accessed 8 August 2013

46 Shabait (Eritrean Ministry of Information) Shabait.com