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Hennen, Leonhard m.fl., red. 2020. European E-Democracy in Practice. Cham: Springer International Publishing. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-27184-8 (27 maj 2020).

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Artiklar

Chang, Eric C. C., och Yun-han Chu. 2006. ”Corruption and Trust: Exceptionalism in Asian Democracies?” The Journal of Politics 68(2): 259–71.

Christensen, Henrik Serup. 2016. ”POLITICAL DISSATISFACTIONS AND CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT Political Participation in Europe during the Early Stages of the

Economic Crisis”. http://siba-ese.unisalento.it/index.php/paco/article/view/15891 (26 maj 2020).

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Dalton, Russell J. 2019. Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies.

van Deth, Jan W. ”STUDYING POLITICAL PARTICIPATION: TOWARDS A THEORY OF EVERYTHING?” : 19.

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Lee, Dan, Kap-Young Jeong, och Sean Chae. 2011. ”Measuring Social Capital in East Asia and Other World Regions: Index of Social Capital for 72 Countries”. Global Economic Review 40(4): 385–407.

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Segesten, Anamaria Dutceac, och Michael Bossetta. 2017. ”A Typology of Political Participation Online: How Citizens Used Twitter to Mobilize during the 2015 British General

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Spirakis, Grigorios, Christina Spiraki, och Konstantinos Nikolopoulos. 2010. ”The Impact of Electronic Government on Democracy: E-Democracy through e-Participation”. Electronic Government, an International Journal 7(1): 75.

Teney, Celine, och Laurie Hanquinet. 2012. ”High Political Participation, High Social Capital? A Relational Analysis of Youth Social Capital and Political Participation”. Social Science Research 41(5): 1213–26.

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Zheng, Yueping, och Hindy Lauer Schachter. 2017. ”Explaining Citizens’ E-Participation Use: The Role of Perceived Advantages”. Public Organization Review 17(3): 409–28. de Zúñiga, Homero Gil, Matthew Barnidge, och Andrés Scherman. 2017. ”Social Media Social

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Elektroniska källor

European Social Survey. 2020. ”Sampling”. Sampling.

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Statistiska centralbyrån. Implementering av ISCED 2011 i Utbildningsregistret (UREG).

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Rapporter

Stoop, Ineke, Peter Mohler, och Roger Jowell. 2002. The European Social Survey: One Survey in Two Dozen Countries. . Paper presented at the International Conference on Improving Surveys, Copenhagen, August 25–28.

United Nations Department for Economic and Social Affairs. 2019. United Nations E- Government Survey 2018. S.l.: Förenta Nationerna.

8. Bilagor

Bilaga 1. Deskriptiv statistik

n Andel Medelvärde Median Typv. Min Max

Beroende variabler

E-deltagande Har skrivit under

namninsamling (1=ja) 39227 ,26 0 1

Har delat/publicerat politik

(1=ja) 39251 ,17 0 1

Oberoende variabler

Ekonomisk standard

Upplevd hushållsekonomi 39016 2,1 (,85) 2 2 0 3

BNP per capita (Euro per invånare) 35450 31706,52 (13810,97) 34300 39600 12200 61200 Utbildning Utbildningsnivå ES - ISCED 39193 2,91(1,84) 3 3 0 6 Utbildningsnivå ES - ISCED landnivå 39400 2,91 (0,4) 2,86 3,25 2,20 3,50 Socialt kapital

Grad av social tillit 39327 5,31 (2,35) 5 5 0 10

Grad av social tillit landnivå 39400 5,31 (,73) 5,28 5,28 4,08 6,80

Extern politisk självtilltro Grad av extern politisk

självtilltro 38300 1,21 (,85) 1 1 0 4

Grad av extern politisk

självtilltro landnivå 39400 1,2 (,34) 1,11 2151 ,64 1,99

Intern politisk självtilltro Grad av intern politisk

självtilltro 38205 1,12 (,96) 1 0 0 4

Grad av intern politisk

självtilltro landnivå 39400 1,12 (,29) 1,02 1,56 ,71 1,72

Korruption

Grad av institutionell tillit 37919 4,81 (2,02) 5 5 0 10

Förutsättningar för e- deltagande

Har tillgång till internet 39364 82,3 0 1

Förutsättningar för e-

deltagande (EPI) 39400 0,88 (,11) ,92 ,98 ,62 1

Kontrollvariabler

Kvinna 39391 52,4 0 1

Ålder 39272 49,43 (18,57) 50 51 15 100

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