OF AGRICULTURE ATION SERVICE
OFFICIAL BUSINESS
PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE TO AVOID
SUNDAY MORNING,
SEPTEMBER 26, 1937
FORT COLLINS EXPRESS-COURIER
PAGE FORTY-SEVEN
•Study of Grand Lake Diversion Project Dates Back Many Years
Survey of Project
Made by Students
In Years of 1905-6
By DR. CHARLES A. LORY Member Board of Directors
Northern Colorado Water Users' Association Water users in northern Colo-rado have looked forward to ob-taining supplemental water sup-plies from the Colorado river for many years. Long before sur-veys showed such diversion pos-sible, early settlers in the Big Thompson-valley were discussing the advantage of additional water supplies frofn Grand lake.
Tradition' has it that the first transmountain survey was made by Edwin- Nettleton, but records of this are lost. The next survey was made by students in civil and irrigation engineering of Colorado Agricultural college in
DR. CHARLES. A. LORY
the summers of 1905 and 1906. This showed the possibility of diverting water from Grand lake by means of a tunnel to Moraine Park.
Cost was Prohibitive The estimated cost discouraged private enterprise from under-taking the project. The know-ledge that such diversion was possible undoubtedly influenced legislation establishing the Rocky Mountain National park and the provisions of the Colorado River compact.
In 1929 and 1930 the state en-gineer made a comprehensive study and report of the available water supplies of the South Platte basin and means for, and estimated .ost of, further conser-vation of such supplies.
In 1929 a preliminary study and report was also made by the state engineer covering the avail-able water supplies of the Colo-rado river basin in ColoColo-rado, their present uses, and future re-qtxirements.
Showed Possibility The report called attention to the possibility of diverting water from the Colorado river for sup-plemental supplies for the South Platte basin under the name of the Grand Lake Transmountain Diversion.
When drouth conditions in 1931 encouraged an intensive search for supplemental water supplies for the South Platte basin, the possibilities of using some of the surplus waters of the Colorado river received more and more attention, and the county commissioners of Lati-mer, Logan, Morgan, Sedgwick,
Rock
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Selling monthly incomes for you and yours.
K.
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ROCK
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and Weld counties, the cham-bers of commerce of Brush, Fort Collins, Fort Morgan, Greeley, Loveland, and Sterling, the Great Western Sugar company, the Burlington Railroad company, and the Union Pacific Railroad company joined the state engin-eer in a comprehensive study of the possibility of utilizing some of the surplus w„ters of the Colorado river.
Stimson Headed Survey The field surveys were in charge of L. L. Stimson of Gree-ley,, and the preliminary engin-eering report was prepared by R. J. Tipton of the state engin-eer's staff, and published by State Engineer M. C. Hinderlider in December, 1933.
There was intense interest in the survey which in its progress disclosed many desirable fea-tures. The preliminary report convinced the water users of northeastern Colorado that water could be economically diverted from the Colorado river for sup-plemental supplies, and that this could be done without injury to the western slope water users.
Sought Organization As the findings of the report became better known, the con-viction grew that the water users of northern Colorado should or-ganize for the promotion of transmountain diversion. Four months before the publication of the report, the county commis-sioners of Weld county outlined the project to George M. Bull, newly appointed engineer for the state advisory board for the use of public works money.
A public meeting of water users representing nor t he r n Colorado ditch companies was held early in April, 1934, and a committee consisting of W. E. Letford and T. M. Callahan, re-presenting Boulder county, Bur-gis Coy, Charles A. Lory, and D. T. Pulliam, representing Lari-mer county, John Dille, repre-senting Morgan county, Robert Wrigh t, representing Logan county, William A. Carlson, Charles Hansen, and Moses Smith, representing Weld county, and C. F. Rolfson, repre-senting Sedgwick county, under Charles Hansen as chairman, was apopinted to confer with repre-sentatiVes of the Western Colo-rado Protective association later in the month.
Wanted Second Survey At this meeting the western slope representatives questioned some of the findings in the pre-liminary engineering report on the Northern Transmountain di-version, and asked that a survey be made by another agency to check these. They agreed that a survey made by the engineers of the United States bureau of reclamation would be satisfac-tory.
On conferring with the officials of the bureau of reclamation, the committee found these not only interested, but well informed, and were given much encourage-ment by Dr. Elwood Mead, com-missioner of reclamation.
Asked $150,000
Through Senator. Costigan and Senator Adams, a petition was presented to Secretary Ickes of the department of interior for an allotment of $150,000 from Public Works funds for a survey of the project by the bureau of reclamation. In presenting their reasons for an allotment, the committee had the wholehearted support of Congressmen Cum-mings, Lewis, and Martin and of Oscar Chapman, assistant secre-tary of the interior. The petition was approved and a survey authorized in May, 1934.
At the upper basin interstate water conference, held in Den-ver, June 28, 1934, interstate re-lations under the provisions of the Colorado River compact were clarified, and a better under-standing had of the possibility of transmountain diversion for using the allotment of Colorado river water to Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming,
Voted Incorporation At a meeting in Greeley of the Northern Colorado Water Users in November, 1934, they voted to incorporate as a mutual ditch company, with 25,000 shares of stock, in order better to promote the project. The committee ap-pointed at the April meeting was made the board of directors, R. C. Benson replacing D. T. Pul-liam as representative of Larimer county.
With the progress of the sur-vey by the bureau of reclama-tion, the project received more and more attention.
At a state-wide meeting of water users called by the state planning commission, in Denver,
in June, 1935, transmountain di-version received much considera-tion, and a committee of 17 was appointed to work out the pro-cedure, the safeguarding of vest-ed rights and provision for future development, in such diversions.
ELIZABETH
FICKETT MARINER
Classes in Theory,
Piano
and Pipe Organ
420 WEST LAUREL ST. TELEPHONE 1542
Basis for Study
The report of this committee was the basis of negotiations be-tween the Northern Colorado Water Users association and the Western Colorado Protective as-sociation on the various elements of the Grand lake diversion.
In January, 1936, an appropria-tion of $3,000,000 for constructing the Grand lake project was in-cluded in the senate appropria-tion bill by Senator Adams, but the budget estimate for this amount did not receive the presi-dent's approval.
At a meeting of eastern and western slope water users, called by the state planning commis-sion, at Grand Junction late in February, 1936, the principles laid down by the committee of 17 were reaffirmed, but the eastern slope water users refused to agree to the demands of the western slope waters users, out-lined in a telegram by Congress-man Taylor, "for foot for foot" storage on the western slope, constructed and maintained at the expense of the eastern slope water users, for water diverted to the eastern slope.
Approved by Taylor Under this refusal all efforts by our senators and by Congress men Cummings, Lewis, and Mar-tin to secure authorization for the construction of the project, and an appropriation for begin-ning work were vigorously op-posed by Congressman Taylor.
The completion of the survey by the bureau of reclamation of the engineering feature • of the project, of the water resources of the Colorado river and of the non-irrigated lands in the valley of the Colorado, which can be put under irrigation, showed that foot for foot compensatory stor-age was not necessary to protect present rights and to provide water for irrigating these lands. Later negotiations resulted in terms of agreement which re-ceived the approval of the east and west slope representatives, our congressmen and senators, and of the commissioner of reclamation.
Met Objections
With the advance of better un-derstanding and agreement, Colo-rado representatives were able to meet the objections iaised by va-rious organizations who feared that the project would destroy some of the natural beauties of the Rocky Mountain National park and to win support in con-gress for Senator Adams' bill authorizing the project, and for his amendment to the depart-ment of interior appropriation bill providing $900,000.00 for starting work on the project which was approvel by the presi-dent in August, 1937.
In the meantime a bill for establishing a conservancy dis-trict was submitted to the thirty-first general assembly by Rep. Moses Smith; also a bill establish-ing the Co lor a do River Con-servancy district by Rep. Clifford Stone. Both bills were passed unanimously by the house and senate, a splendid demonstration of transmountain understanding and cooperation.
Prepared Petitions The bill for establishing a con-servancy district was signed by Governor Ammons May 13, 1937. Immediately on its approval by the governor, the directors of the Northern Colorado Water Users association outlined the district and prepared petitions to the dis-trict court for the formation of the Northern Colorado Conser-vancy district, in accordance with the provisions of this act. The necessar y signatures of property owners by counties were soon obtained, and the peti-tion was filed in the district court, Greeley, in July, 1937. Judge C. C. Cofin, of Fort, Col-lins, signed Sept. 20 the decree that established the water dis-trict.
The conservancy act requires distribution of the costs of con-struction, operation, and main-tenance on all property owners, on the principle that all within the district will benefit from sup-plemental water supply—water users directly, who pay a defi-nite sum for each acre foot used; others indirectly who pay on the basis of their property valuation.
Natural Advantages The project is fortunate in its many natural a d v a nt age s. Throughout the survey and or-ganization period, it has had the constant support of the director of reclamation and his staff, of the state engineer and his staff, of the state planning commis-sion, of Governor Ammons, and of Senators Costigan, Adams, and Johnson, of Congressmen Cum-mings, Lewis, and Martin, and, after the differences between eastern and western slopes were composed, the support of Con-gressman Taylor.
An economic survey of the lands, water and crop production of the project was made possible
through the sponsorship of the experiment station of Colorado State college, and funds alloted by the Works Progress adminis-tration, and the cooperation of the bureau of reclamation, and the division of irrigation investi-gations, United States bureau of agricultural engineering. The re-port of this survey was prepared by Ralph Parshall.
United Support
County commissioners, cham-bers of commerce, and the press of the state have been most helpful and generous in their support. The Northern Colorado Water Users association is for-tunate in the leadership of Presi-dent Charles Hansen, the good teamwork of its board of direc-tors, and the able service of
At-torneys Thomas Nixon and Wil-liam Kelley, and the Western Colorado Protective association in the wise and devoted leader-ship of President D. W. Auperle, and of an able board of directors. The region it serves and the natural advantages of the proj-ect justify the support and coop-eration in its behalf. These promise much for the future of the project and for the protection and further development of the water resources of our state.
.... • •
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SUNDAY MORNING,
SEPTEMBER 26,
1937THE
PERSONNEL
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FORT COLLINS EXPRESS-COURIER
SUNDAY
MORNING,
SEPTEMBER -26, 1037
Diversion Project to Yield More
Water
than Delivered by
Poudre
•
a capacity of 152,000 acre-feet. reservoirs having an aggregate
Grand Lake Plan
This storage will provide re- capacity of 890,000 acre-feet,placement for water diverted by about 16 miles of tunnel, 11 the project and pr ot e c ti on dams, 50 miles of canals, 135
Gives Assurance
against water shortage along the miles of high voltageColorado river river from Kremmling sion lines, six large power plants to the state line. About two- (when completed) and two
Of Steady Supply
available for power purposes. many lesser structures, roads,thirds of this storage will be pumping plants, together with
None of this water will be di- buildings, etc.
verted to the east slope. Congress has recently appro-By R. L. PARSHALL A short distance from Grand priated $900,000 as an initial Senior Irrigation Engineer, Di- lake, in the Colorado river chan- Nfund to start this important and dsion of Irrigation, Bureau of nel, will be constructed a small much needed project. The esti-Agricultural Engineering, Unit- dam of suificient height to raise mated cost in the interest of ir-M States Department of Agri- the water to a common level rigation is about $25,000,000, but ?,ulture. with that of Grand lake. This the completed work including all Few people realize the great new body of water will be six power plants, will cost about economic advantages of the Colo- known as Shadow Mountain lake $44,000,000. At first only two of ado-Big Thompson project to and will have an area of 1,356 the power plants will be pro-:he agricultural communities acres. The new lake will have vided.
and cities in northern Colorado. no storage capacity, being mere- It has been estimated that the The Poudre river over the past ly an enlargement of the present cost of water to the farmer for 30 years has had an average an_ Grand lake which has an area of rrigation will approximate $1.50 aual flow of about 314,000 acre_ only 507 acres. The common An acre-foot.
Feet of water. This valley was water Jevel of these combined It will be some months before First irrigated in the early 60's, lakes will be m a int a in e d actual construction work can be and the farms now represent throughout the year at practical- started. About five years will be a value of some 60 millions of ly a fixed elevation. reuired to build the project, as dollars. Pumps to be Installed now planned, and possibly more The estimated annual diver- When Granby reservoir is than 2,000 men will be employed sion by this project from the filled to capacity it will cover directly on the work.
Colorado river drainage area 6,943 acres and at this limit the will, on the average, be about water surface will be about 100 320,000 acre-feet. Thus in effect feet lower in elevation than the another Poudre river will be Shadow Mountain-Grand lake made available as a supplemen- water level. During about 10 tal supply to serve more than months of the year large pumps 600,000 acres of irrigated lands in will raise water from this lower Boulder, Larimer, Weld, Morgan, reservoir to' the Grand lake level Logan and Sedgwick counties in where this flow will traverse northern Colorado. both these lakes to enter the Water When'Needed west portal of the transmountain This supplemental supply is tunnel at the east side of Grand not large when its application lake.
over the entire area is consid- The 13-mile tunnel through the ered. However, its great poten- mountains will constitute the tial value lies in the firm assur- major construction problem; un-ance of delivery when needed by der the continental divide it will crops at critical times, be about 4,000 feet below the Three large storage reservoirs surface. The east portal will be Horsetooth serving the Poudre, in the vicinity of the Y. M. C. A. Arkins and Carter serving the camp on Wind river, a tributarN
o
Big and Little Thompson, and of the Big Thompson in Estes Carter serving the St. Vrain—are Park. The tunnel will be con-located at commanding eleva- crete lined throughout.
tions such that water stored in Power for Pumping them can be delivered to these The grade of the covered canal irrigated valleys on short notice, from the east portal to the vil-The aggregate storage capacity lage of Estes Park will be such of these three reservoirs will be as to deliver the water through 256,000 acre-feet. the hydro-electric plant on the Supplies All Ditches river under a head of about 700
f
The water will be delivered to feet. Approximately one-fourth the Poudre, Big and Little of the power generated here will be used in pumping the water Thompson and St. Vrain at such
'
points as to supply all ditches from Granby reservoir to Sha-and canals on those streams. dow Mountain lake.
From these reservoirs also will Because of the necessity of de-be diverted water for use in livering firm power, the diver-Morgan, Logan and Sedgwick sion of water through the tunnel counties, constituting the lower will be continuous throughout Platte area, or the flow from the the year.
tunnel in the Big Thompson can The water from the power-be sent on down the river to house will power-be diverted directly
i
meet the needs of the lower into the Big Thompson river country. about three blocks below Estes The major portion of the proj- Park and will be taken from this est may be said to be confined to stream at a point near the Love-the western slope. Here will be land power dam through a canal located the Granby reservoir in leading south to Carter reser-the Colorado river, about 10 voir. About fOur miles down miles downstream from Grand this canal from the Big Thomp-lake. Granby reservoir will con- son diversion a branch canal will stitute the main storage of the take off to the north, where part system, since it will have a ca- of the. water will be passed pacity of 482,000 acre-feet, or through another hydro-electric about seven times the capacity of plant and diverted either back the present largest irrigation into the river or into the canal reservoir in Colorado. leading to Horsetooth reservoir. Arkins Reservoir . may be filled Reservoir Near Kremmling from this same canal.
On the Blue river, south of Much Construction Involved Kremmling, is to be built the This great project involves the Green Mountain reservoir, with , construction of five large storage
The letter of r. Edwards to the stockholders, read as follows:
Fort Collins, Colorado January 1E3, 1910
To the Stockholders of the
Water Supply and Storage Company GentleLien:
You are assembled in i,nnual meeting today and as usual, will elect a Board of Directors for the ensuing year.
I am not a candidate for the election of dtrectors, and as soon as the new Board is elected and organized, my connection with the company as President and Manager will cease.
In severing my relations with the management of the
Company I do so with best wishes for its future success and with hope that the prosperity which it has enjoyed in the past will continue.
I have been connected with your Com.eany ever since it was organized in July, 1891, having been a member of the first Board of Directors and -3ecretary until January 21, 1395, a period of three and one-half years.
On that date I was elected President and Mana7er, which position I have held continuously until the present tine, a
period of 25 years. By reason of my long service with your coelpany, I feel that I am familiar with the history and the many triels
and tribulations throur7h which it has passed and may be pardoned for reviewing that history to some extent, as well as the present condition of company affairs.
Shortly after this co,epany was or7anized it succeeed to the ownership of all the property of the Larimer County Ditch Company. he Larimer County Ditch was looked ueon with disfavor at that period and it required considerable moral courage on the part of any to admit that he was in any way connected with our company that owned it.
This prejudice prevailed not only among most of the people of this valley, but extended to the water of icers charged with the distribution of the waters of the Poudre river, as well as to some of the water right owners of the company.
To the Stockholders of the
dater Supply and storage Company January 18, 1910
Page 2
We determined to over come this hostility and by
adopting a policy of "square deal" and business methods in the administration of the affairs of the Company gained the rood will and confidence of the public.
The Water 3-epply and '3torage Com-eany was capitalized at 600 shares with e par value of 1.00 per share.
In order to subsoribe for a share of stock, however, you had to he the owner of one water right in the old Company, costing3560, but which depreciated in value so that they were sold on the market as low as .300 each.
The market value, therefore, on one share of stock in your Company started at d400 and continued at that figure until about the year 1895 when it coavienced to advance, and has
steadily enhanced in value until at the present time it is held at $3700 per share.
In those early days the credit of the Company was so impaired that to raise money sufficient for running expenses we were compelled to sell script erawing interest at the rate of ten per cent per annum at a discount of ten per cent.
You have now outstanding a bond issue of $300,000 drawing interest at the rate of 5-1/2 percent per annum and there is
good demand for all the script you need to issue at that rate of 7 percent and no irrigation corporation has a better credit than this company has at present.
Your property has increased in value from about ,e200,000 at the title the company as orc.anizea to at least i3,000,000 at the °resent time.
There has been expended for all purposes since the Company was organized about i 2,000 on each share of stock. Of
this amount, $1,635 has been applied to the payment of all property and permanent investments, including the construction of all
ditches and reservoirs and the Purchase of farms and properties of ,ater, and :',365 has been . nplied to the payment of superinten-dence, repairs and maintenance of the system.
:Mowing PC acres to each share of stock, this would average ahout ',f25 as the cost of water for each acre of land, or :'1.35 as the total expenditure on account of each acre of
land, annually, since the ComTeany as organized. Of this amount, %4.55 per acre urine 18-1/2 years, or 24i- cents per acre
annually, was ex ended for the superintendence, repairs and maintenance of the s-stem, while an average of _20.33 per acre during 18-1/2 years, or .1.10 per acre annually, was expended in the payment of improvements and properties of the system.
To the 3tockholaers of the
-.ater Jupp]y ana ,torage Company January 18, 1910
Page 3
It is said that the minimum assessment or yearly charge under the U. S. Government projects for superintendence and main-tenance alone is 40 cents per acre, and the char,ee to farmers for water riAlts rete at 45 to -,;50 per share.
If this be true, our record is very good along that line when compered with others.
At the time the Company was organized its :ealn canal had a capacity of but little over 400 cubic feet per second frm its headgate down to the reserveirs. low it safely c-rries
600 cubic feet as far as iiocky hidgc 2,eservoir and 500 cubic feet from there on to the '_qack Hollow eeservoir.
You had in 1891 no complete reservoir. Jince that tiee your reservoirs heve been furnished with outlets, the dykes finished and rip-raped, and te stored water utilized for the
irrif7ation of crops annually. Your reservoirs afford a storaP;e capacity of nearly one tillion cubic feet of water.
The im-ortant and valuable feeders have been constructed and decrees in ceurt obtained for the Yater evelopment and
carried b:T these feeders.
The annual volilme viater delivered to your system on the -plains from the,le eater sheds, is not only very valueble to your comnany, but is of inestimable benefit to other irrigation s7stens in the i udre valley as a tradinr -unC in the exchan(7,e of reservoir water.
Rights of way across Government land for the meuntain canals have been approved by the IWierior Department, and ri7hts of way for your plains canal and reservoirs heve all been
obtained, except in a few cases which are noli in process of adjustment.
Although your company vas a pretty late appropriator on the Poudre river and junior to most of the large irrigetion comanies in date of beginning .operations, still in many respects it is a pioneer in irriEation riatters and is the ori6:inator of some methods and some movements which had not heretofore been in use, in this section at least.
I will riention some of the more important thines that were done to increase the fficiency end value of the system
To the Stockholders of the
Water Supply and Storage Company January 18, 1910
Pae 4
system of the
1. First to build and operate an extensive reservoir and store the 'inter lions as vJell as the flood laters
ouare river.
2. First to establish and operate a system of
reservoir E.3ter exchange v/ith the river And with canals having senior priorities.
3. First to build feeders and divert water from
forein v:ater sheds into the Fouare valley, thereby increasing the irri -ated area in The counties of Larimer and 7:eld by
several thousand acres.
4. First to erect z, telenhone line for use in the operation of its system of ditches and reservoirs in the distribution of water to its stockholders. The company has built and has in operation 40 miles of telephone line before the Colorado Telephone Company was operating any ranch lines in Larier and 'd:elo Counties.
5. Your company was the first one to adopt and iron lateral head gates with tile conduits.
6. First to construct a concrete diverting dar: Poudre river nith concrete and iron and steel head Fate
install
in the complete.
7. First to adopt and put into effect the system of requirin7, all assessments due to be paid in full before any rater is dist-ibuted to stock.
8. First to purchase early 'Elter priorities for use in the Larimer County Ditch, thereby increasin the duty and
usefulness of the waters of the Poudre without injuring other appropriations.
These and other thins of less importance perhaps, your company has done in builing, up its system to 71'.flt is admitted to be one of the best in Northern Colorado.
I believe it was Patrick Henry oho said that "Eternal vili;.-ance is the Trice of liberty," but in your case it is "Eternal viliFance is the price of water," and you should be
To the Stockholc]ers of the
Water Supply and StoraP:,e Comnany January 16, 1910
Page 5
The Poudre river is bein called upon to furnish ater for new claiidants every year and the competition among all
appropriators in this iater shed is becoming keener all the time. It therefore behooves you to keep abreast of the ties, and
always keep a shar'? lookout to see that your ri:.hts Lre not invaded or encroached upon others.
A. A. Echiards.
DC
Duplicate pages
not scanned
See originals in folder
Water Resources Archive
CONSERVATION OF WATER IN COLORADO
By Dr. Chas. A. Lory
President Colorado State College
m•• O.. ONO
In considering the conservation of our water resources, it is necessary to understand the conditions confronting us. Our pioneer settlers insisted that the waters of the west should be used for the development of the west and embodied this doctrine in the constitution of our state. Under this doctrine, the waters of our streams are the property of the people of the state, subject to appropriation for beneficial use; where domestic needs take priority over irrigation, and irrigation over industrial use.
This doctrine was not challenged in the early years of our municiDal and irrigation development. However, as this development increased in our own and in neighboring states, our rights to tile waters of our interstate streams were challenged through interstate
suits brought in the Supreme Court of the United States; first by Kansas, on the waters of the Arkansas; then by Wyoming on the waters of the Laramie; later by New Mexico, Texas and by NebrasIm in suits which are still pending.
In its decision of the Kansas—Colorado suit on the Arkansas, the Supreme Court announced the'principle of equitable apportionment of waters of interstate streaTas, and in the decision of the court in the Wyoming—Colorado suit, the doctrine that priority of appropriation en an interstate stream is independent of state lines. Both these decisions infringe upon our constitutional claims to all the waters of our state.
In an effort to avoid the tie and cost of interstate suits and to compose the differences regarding water rights in our inter.. state streads, our state entered into treaty relations, called com— pacts, with other states. Claims were considered by commissioners representing the states concerned and the federal government. The recommendations of the commissioners had to be approved by the legis— latures of the respective states and by Congress to be binding.
Under this procedure Colorado entered into a compact with
Nebraska on the waters of the South Platte; with New Mexico and Texas into a temporary compact on the waters of the Rio Grande; with New , Mexico on the waters of the La Plata; with Wyoming, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, California and Nevada on the waters of the Colorado. This, the lecjslature of Arizona refused to ratify.
These compacts haire the force of treaties' between sovereign states and the approval of the national Congress, but their validity has not 7et been established by finra court proceedings.
Additional use of our waters, therefore, is governed by
the two Supreele Court dectsions metioned and by the terms of these several compacts.
— 2-.
Theo interstate difficulties, coupled with adverse econo:nic conditions, all but stopped expansion of our irrigated area. This is most unfortunate, because in the meantime irrigation development on our interstate streams in other states has progressed, and, except where protected by compact agreement, priorities to water in those streams have been established, which inhibit or prohibit further development of the area irrigated from them in Colorado.
OUR FUTURE IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT, THEREFORE, DEPEY'DS UPON UTILIZATION OF UNDERGROUND WATERS, USE OF ANY SURPLUS 7ATERS WE 1.1AY HAVE, AND UPON WATERSHED MANAGEMENT AND MORE EFFICIENT HETHODS
OF DISTRIBUTION AND APPLICATION.
Progress is being made in the use of our under7round waters, particularly in the valleys of the South Platte and the Arkansas.
Of the l7' million acre feet of stream flow produced in Colorado annually, approximately 12 million acre feet are produced In the Colorado River basin on the western slope of the Rocky Moun— tains;'the remainder in the basins of the North Platte, the South Platte, the Republican, the Arkansas and the Rio Grande Rivers. The waters of these streams on the eastern slope are oirer—appropriated, and additional use of their waters is either inhibited by interstate suits or limited by interstate compacts.
The seven—state compact of the Colorado Riirer allots 7,1-million acre feet consumptive use to the four upper basin states, of Colorado, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming. Colorado at present is annually using from three quarters to one million acre feet consump— tive uSe in irrigating its lands in the Colorado River basin. New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming are each using less, and, while the division of the r? million acre feet between the four upper basin states has not been agreed upon, it is clear that Colorado is not using the amount of water it can justly claim under the terms of the Colorado River compact.
Water rightfully ours is not now put to beneficial use,
and should be used for extending our irrigable area and for svpple— mental supplies wherever such can be used advantageously. Surveys show there are not sufficient lands in the basin of the Colorado River which can be put under irrigation to use this surplus; that if Colorado is to benefit from its use, much of it should be
diverted for municipal and supplemental irrigation supplies east of the mountains.
Unceasing effort should be Made to extend the irrigated area in the valley of the Colorado, and, throu7h storage. of early run—off and of flood waters on the branches of the Colorado, to provide ad— ditional supplies and late water for the irrigated areas on these branches.
Colorado and the other upper basin states should not and cannot expect to hold the waters allotted them under the Colorado River compact if not put to beneficial use. The demand for addition— al water caused by extensive developments in California and Nevada, the claims of Arizona and of Mexico will force a reallotment unless these waters are protected by appropriation and use.
- 3
-As early as 1890, Colorado recognized the right of diverting water for irrigation from a basin having a surplus supply, provided that such appropriation and diversion does not damage established water rights in the basin.
In the intervening years the number of so-called trans-mountain diversiomhave increased.
The conditions now confronting Colorado encourage further diversion in order that our surplus waters be conserved for the use of our people. These diversions must not interfere either with further development or with established water rights on the western
slope, but should be designed to aid irrigation in the Colorado basin through storage, and the water users of the eastern slope, through supplemental supplies.
Only a small volume of water can be diverted through high altitude canals. Diversions of larger volume require long and expensive tunnels and costly reservoirs. Naturally, such will be undertaken only when engineering and economic surveys show them to be feasible and advantageous.
On the basis of such surveys by the 9ureau of Reclamation, and following agreement between the western and eastern water users, Congress last summer authorized and approved the reclamation project to divert water from the Colorado to the Big Thompson? for supple-mental supplies for one-fifth of the irrigated area of the state. Surveys are under way to determine the feasibility of diverting water from the Blue and Williams Fork of the Colorado to the South Platte
basin for municipal supplies for Denver, and for diverting water from the Animas to the Rio Grande.
There is a strong demand for a survey to determine the possi-bility and feasipossi-bility of diverting water from the head waters of the Gunnison to the Arkansas.
The state has organized for vigorous defense of its water resources by the Attorney General, the State Engineer and the Water Conservation Board, and for comprehensive investigations or the conservation of its water resources by the State Engineer, the State Planning Commission and the Water Conservation Board, in cooperation
with the United States Bureau of Reclamation.
It is estimated that approximately 80% of the stream flow in Colorado is produced on about 25% of the total land area of our state. This 25% is high territory; much of it above timber line. The importance of vegetative and timber cover in retarding spring run-off and its influence on maintaining stream flow throughout the summer was early learned through disastrous experience following the clearing of mountain sides for lumber and the destruction of
thousands of acres of forests by forest fires.
Investigations by the National Forest Service indicate the possibility of delaying spring run-off through gradual change in the vegetative covering. Such watershed management, supplemented by high altitude storage reservoirs, would add millions to the value eq‘ our water supply for late irrigation.
— 4 —
Watershed management on the plains is concerned primarily with control of flash floods due to occasional torrential rains. Recent work by the Soil Conservation Service is demonstrating the value of controlled grazing for increasing the vegetative cover, and of terraces and contour furrows to increase infiltration and check run—off.
The plains farmer must practice farm watershed management; he must save as much as possible of the rainfall on his farm for his crops and pastures. In fact upon his ability to do this depends his success in growing crops and forage.
More and more attention should be given to reducing water , wastes by municipalities, and to improved methods of water distri— bution and of application in irrigation, based upon types of soil, water needs of crops, greater accuracy in measurement and timely application.
Conservation of our water and Conservation of our other basic resource--the soil--offer a challenge, place an obligation, hold a promise and satisfaction for every citizen. A challenge for constant watchfulness against misuse; an obligation for unremitting effort to increase the beneficial use of our waters and to maintain the fertility of our soils; a promise of a more prosperous and happier
people, and the individual and collective satisfaction of passing on to the next generation these basic resources unimpaired.
Duplicate pages
not scanned
See originals in folder
Water Resources Archive
, _ ; -F 1
S
STATE OF COLORADOENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
LEVEL NOTES
•
Stream
Locality Div Dist.
Party Date , 19
STATION B. S. HT. INST. F. S. ELEVA-TION REMARKS .. . 1, 67 ; .:-.) f.. -t
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I DO oci bc5CA DIGEST OF
HOUSE BILL NO. 714
AN ACT TO PROVIDE FOR THE ORGAEIZATION OF WATER CONSERVANCY DIS-TRICTS AND TO DEFINE TEL PURPOSES AND POWERS THEREOFo
I.
Section 10 A general declaration of the policy and
purposes of the State in creating the authority to organize
such districts for the development of our water resources and
the benefit of the State.
Section 2. Definition of the various terms used
throughout the Act.
Section 3. District Courts given power to establish
V
/districts under conditions in Section 40Section 4. A petition snail be filed in Court, signed
by 1,500 owners of irrigated farms of an assessed value of
4;2,000 each, and by 500 owners of other real property with
a value of $1,000 each. The DISTRICT must contain at least
$20,000,000 assessed value of total farm property.
The petition must set forth the name of the DISTRICT,
a statement that the property will be benefited, a description
of the purpose of the improvement, a description of the territory
and a designation of the divisions of the DISTRICT and the number of Directors who shall represent them.
Section 5, A bond to cover the expenses of the proceedings shall be filed by the petitioners.
Section 6. The Court shall fix a date between sixty and
ninety da7s after the filing of the hearing and all County
Commissioners shall be notified°
Tne Court shall henceforth have exclusive 3:urisdiction
of matters within the boundaries of the DISTRICT.
Section 7. Provides that a protesting petition may be filed
not less than tnirty days prior to hearing.
Protest must be signed by not less than 1,000 owners of
irri3ated lands or by 15% of total of such owners, whichever is
lower, but must total 42,000,000 in assessed value, and by 1,000
\ owners of non-irrigated lands holding 41,000,000 in assessed
val-(_
uation. Holders of both classes of property ma:I only sign as
irrigated landowners.
The County Treasurer of the varioas counties shall certify
to the Court as to the accuracy of the valuations in the protesting
petition. If the Court then finds that the protesting peon is
valid, the Court shall dismiss the original petition; but if the
I rotesting petition is found invalid, it shall be dismissed. Any owner of real property may file objections to the
formation of the DISTRICT, limited to a denial of the statements in
the original petition°
On the date set for the hearing, if no protesting
-2-tion has been filed, or if one has been filed and dismissed, and If the Court finds that the organization petition is true and in conformity with this Act, tne Court shall by order declare the DISTRICT organized by nale with all the powers of a public corpo-ration.
Section 8. Copies of Court decree shall be filed in each county in the DISTRICT and with the Secretary of State.
Section 9° Court shall appoint a BOARD OF DIRECTORS of not more than eleven property owners who shall give bond as determined
by the Court,
Section 10. BOARD shall organize, take oath and elect
President and Chairman of BOARD from their number and shall also
appoint a Secretary. Directors shall receive not over 4500 annual
salary, plus traveling expenses°
Section 11. Majority shall constitute a quorum.
Section 12. Description of duties of Secretary,- may also
serve as Treasurer of the DISTRICT. BOARD may employ Chief Engineer
and other agents. All officers and agents to give bond to be fixed
b: the Court.
Section 13, BOARD has power to acqaire and hold property and
water rights of all kinds and to construct or acquire all works
necessary to carry out purposes of Act; to have power of eminent
domain and power to construct works on State lands and across streams.
I
Th)
BOARD has power to contract with United States agencies
(;
)
for construction and operation of all necessary works and has power
to acquire right to use of water therefrom and to sell and dispose
of perpetual water rights to persons and corporations.
BOARD has power to fix rates of assessments against lands
in DISTRICT according to amount of water allotted. Also to fix
rates for water not allotted to lands. All rates to be equitable
though not necessarily equal.
BOARD may enter into contracts, employ services and
labor, maintain offices and positions as may be found necessary.
BOARD may adopt plans and specifications for construction
of work which shall be open for inspection at office.
BOARD may appropriate and acquire water rights and deliver
water for irrigation, domestic and all other purposes, and fix the
rates the re f or.
Section 14. Provide for the organization of subdistricts
for the purpose of acquiring a perpetual water supply from the
DISTRICT and the securing of the payment therefor.
Iv.
Section 15, BOARD has power to levy and collect taxes and
assessments as follows:
CLASS A: To levy and collect TAXES on all property
in the DISTRICT.
CLASS B: To levy and collect ASSESSDENTS in munici—
palities for use of water.
CLASS C: To levy and collect ASSESSICENTS in irrigation
districts for use of water.
CLASS D: To levy and collect ASSESSEEICS on lands for use of water,
//
/ mill on all assessed valuation up to time water is delivered and Section 16. CLASS A TAX on all property limited to one-half
to one mill on the dollar thereafter,
Section 17. Provides method for allotment of water suoply and for determination of tax rates in petitioning municipalities which secure a water supply from the DISTI-LICT under CLASS B.
Section 18. Provides procedure for petitioning irrigation
districts to follow to secure a water supply from the DISTRICT and
to assure payment by assessment under CLASS C.
Section 19. Describes the steps to be taken by a petitioning
landowner who desires to petition his land into the DISTRICT for
the purpose of securing a supply of water for his land.
The petition shall contain the name of petitioner,
amount of water needed, description of land to which the water is
to be allotted, price per acre-foot, etc, The petitioner agrees
that the charge for the water shall be collected as an assessment
on the land.
Section 20. In making the annual levies and assessments to
meet the obligations due the ensuing year and any deficiencies of
prior years and in case tde proceeds of previous levies and
assess-ments have been insufficient to meet all installassess-ments, taen tne
pro-vided however that any levy under CLASS A shall not exceed
one-half mill on the dollar and further that no more than 25/; of
any levy for deficiencies snail be assessed as a CLASS A taxo
Section 21. Prior to October 1st of each year the BOARD
shall meet to hear objections to assessments. Any property owner
may appeal any findings of the BOARD by filing written notice in
Court,
Section 22. It shall be the duty of the taxing officials of
each county, city or town to levy and collect all taxes and
assess-ments provided for in this Act and to pay them into the depository
of the DISTRICT.
Section 23. Property may be sold for delinquent taxes or
struck off to the DISTRICT if there are no bids.
Section 24. All public owned property exempt from taxation.
Section 25. BOARD may sell or lease water by contract to
persons or organizations, with proper security.
Section 26. Water users associations, mutual ditch companies
or individuals may give mortgaes to secure contracts, which
con-tracts shall provide for forfeiture of water right in event of
non-payment.
Section 27. BOARD may create sinking fund of surplus taxes
and assessaients.
-6-V.
Section 28. The BOARD has power to make all reasonable
rules for managelLent, withhold delivery of water from delinquents, declare forfeiture of rihts upon default or breach of any con— tract, allocate and re—allocate the use of water, and to transfer water from one tract of land to another and to create and discharge liens in accordance°
VI.
Section 29. Contains procedure for inclusion of lands in the DISTRICT — by petition,
Section 60, Provides method of excluding lands from the DISTRICT.
VII.
Section 31. To pay for construction of works, BOARD may enter into contract with United States or may issue bonds.
Section 62„ BOARD shall call election of property owners before entering into any contract or obligation for construction of work.
Resolution shall fix date, polling places, judges, etc.
Section 33. Provides for publication of call for election*
Section o4. Conduct of election and issuance of certificate
of results,
Section 350 If election favorable, DISTRICT is authorized
to contract in accordane with proposition submitted*
—7
VIII.
Section 66. BOARD may petition Court for determination of any power or act. Judgment of Court may be reviewed.
Section 67. Provides for correction of fau ty notices.
Section 38. Courts shall hold early hearings on all questions of validity, etc.
Section 39. Liberal construction of Act provided for. Section 40. Constitutional Construction Clause.
Section 41„ Repeal — Saving Clause.
Section 42. Declaration of Gene -al Assembly as to necessity of Act.
Section 43. Emergency Clause.
Value of Return Flow
Sterling Advocate:
During eleven years past the excess of wate, taken by twenty-nine ditches in water district 11\4; 64, over the volume of water entering the district in the South Platte river would have filled the North Sterling reservoir to almost average storage ten times.
Interesting facts are being disclosed in data prr• pared over a period of some months by A. J. Graves
in studies sponsored by the state engineer's office and the reclamation service.
During the eleven years, 1925 to 1935, inclusive, 1,727,146 acre feet of water has flown into the dis-trict in the South Platte river. During that period, ditches, including the intake of the Julesburg reser-voir, have taken 2,328,297 acre feet. The excess Is 601,151 feet. It is accounted for in the main by return flow, tho flood run-off has, of course, ac-counted for a part. A considerable part of flood waters, however, could not be used, being of short duration and exceeding, often, the capacity of ditches, or coming at times of wet weather when water was not needed.
Only in three years out of the eleven has the flow of water entering the district exceeded the amount of water received at head-gates. These years were 1926, 1928 and 1929, when the volume of water carried by the river was large, in two years exceeding 245,000 acre feet and in one year amount-ing to 338,790 acre feet.
Over the period of eleven years, the water recov-ered within the district was 34 percent of the flow entering the district in the river, and 26 percent of the amount taken by the ditches.
It is a surprising fact, to the layman, at least, that during five years past the water recovered with-. in the district has exceeded the amount entering the district by the river. During the year 1934, for example, the amount thus recovered was almost twice the flow of the river at Balzac.
The basin of the South Platte is a great shale bed, which carries back into the channel ultimately a large part of all the water which is taken from the river for irrigation purposes. With a cycle, sim-ilar to that observable in district No. 64, in progress in districts nearer the mountains, where a great part of the water of the river originates, constantly In progress, it can be seen that water from the mountains is repeatedly used before it reaches the Colorado boundary. There is, of course, loss; but In a sense the whole of the irrigation region of Northern and northeastern Colorado is a reservoir from which the water flows in controlled volume. Were it not for the irrigation systems higher on the river, the South Platte would send is flow past the Sterling region in huge floods like those of the early days and the present direct ditches of long-standing priorities would likely be without water during the growing seasons.
In the light of these facts, the present acute water need in the Sterling region is understandabll. Dry mountains drank in the water from heavy snows which, it was predicted in late winter, would cause flood conditions. Districts which for several years had experienced water shortage, have contributed little to the return flow of the river. Another dry year will mean a continuation of the shortage of return flow water in northeastern Colorado.
The present situation confirms the wisdom of the recent decision of the supreme court of Colorado, re-versing a former decision and establishing parity be-tween storage and direct use rights on the basis of priority of decrees. To permit junior ditches to take water while storage systems of senior rights were forced to wait would not only immediately de-stroy a great part of the value of the storage sys-tems, but would ultimately damage the direct ditches which depend upon the return flow in summer sea-son for their supplies. Irrigation along the Platte as it has been developed over a half century or more is in effect a well-balanced conservation sys-tem, the efficiency of which is illustrated by the record of district No. 64.
Present circumstances also conclusively prove the need of further water supply in Northern Colo-rado. Tho the Sterling region may be remote from t he area which would benefit directly and immediate-iv by the Grand Lake dimmediate-iversion, much of the water would ultimately reach the lower South Platte, to .tabilize farming in all the irrigated regions
n- an o give you
n any job. Drive in and learn what Firestone Service—just how much ) apt for vniir trrinpv at a Firestone
s-nn ed on •re he nd eir rd, ell
Pingree Park
By F. R.. KOENIG' Vegetation, trees and flowers are
I growing at a good rate this sea-son. There is an abundance of snow above timber line for this time of year. Fishing is fair 'in high Alpine lakes. Our deer have moved l and are living up at timberline. The buck deer seem to stay in the high country so as to grow perfect horns and to keep away from insect pests.
There have been a good many sight seeing travelers in the park this summer.
Our Pingree park road project is progressing some better, on ac-count of the use of a small cater-pillar • tractor. I hope that it will be possible to get more men and machinery on this project so that we will be able to finish this road this fall.
Floyd Brohard is teaching the summer school at Eggers and liv-ing at Pliv-ingree. He transports the children 31 miles each day. There are 13 children attending school at the present time. The winter school closed May 21. Mr. and Mrs. Broh-ard were married in. the month of May.
Jesse Ault taught the winter term of school and for a treat to the children he gave them a trip to Denver as described as follows by Joyce Koenig:
The evening of the twenty-first of May we went to Mr. Ault's home at Livermore to stay for the night. The next morning we went to Den-ver and arrived about noon. On the way to Denver we drove over the largest aqueduct which is about a mile long. You can look down on the railroad tracks and see the small tracks running along beside the larger.
We ate our lunch at the park and later looked at the birds and animals.
We went to the capitol and went up as far as the elevator could ns, take us. Then I climbed up the nd winding stairway with the rest and looked down on the city. You can her climb up to the dome if you want nce ve- rn-rhe by Lep- re-rhe ies-Mr. to.
Next we drove to the airport and there were about nine or more airplanes. There was one big alum-inum plane which could hold about fifteen passengers. There was an-other which had propellers under the wings.
We went thru the museum at the park and the state museum. The museum at the park has ani-mals that look real and sometimes
— I thought they moved they were
Strano
For prof addre
A Qu; To ARR HeLD of Ari WO wc Until the, work for one ton staple. for removiru work on a IT completed th years. Short out, his wonl had an oppo many machi grant him a money in lavi ments cost h fight. In the cc has 74 locks, less than 50 ous "Green" so real. In the "Baby Doe" TI gown and othE were there too. A few of us • Fishers' tower better view of
e
FIRES
cx.RTAnT
DATA alATPTE TO BETEOPDTOGY iflDEVA20RA,TI07:* taken fram the resordl of no '/..ricrIcan BeetfAlgar Cormr/y, Rocky Ford, Colorado,
77TITR0L0GICAL DATA.... 1. 9 2 2;
Ybnth
Air Te-pereture 'Itenore.
Nolative Atioddity 7Y17t -1rAb _ A 4 J. • •
'nt BUM new Po'int
Nhy 55,5 49.7 45 69 Sun° 67.1 59," 54 56 July 67.5 61.7 58 77 August 69.9 fl"' o n Al V 3eptenbur 56.-, .;2.7, 49 77 October 19.5 17.6 1!'; 31 P. Y. Ney 70.6 54.8 42 /4 June 6 .1 6,..1 49 35 july t1 .7 65.3 58 43 Auguzt L ,3 67,6 60 46 SeptembGr 7 .1 60.n 52 48 Oetob:::: ,,-.'‘:, ,k).16 55 38 AD.L. t1;. verage
Llpimum Avg. -,clative
rxtrtie,,Ity 75.5 der. 47.1 dcr!. 55 V3.5 56.6 51 90.0 58.4 5e 97•.0 00.0 60 SC.8 50.0 62 77,0 3Z.7 60
:veraEe Wind crd T*tpo:oti ;n :eecord
Anemonoter
ReadinEsVionth !'1.1els per 2,Jr. ,T.-1e)tt Avg. Yile.:
7"onth per Hour _
Mey June July August September October 5950 2.96 4620 6.20 6.50 6.42 4500 e oczA 5.76 6.16 4010 5.45 5.'17 5.19 5490 F:.37 4.11 4.05 4420 6.71 5.00 5,94
1922 re -ord s , co nt id
TeMpe ra t lire of WY. t ez _creel% )
.700 1...r. 7:00 P.7. Mil born_ Firi.irrun ... ea 1.5 68.1. 69.6 :59.6 67.9 77.3 76.2 68.1 70.5 00,5 80.7 86.7 73.0 i.ci ,„ 8 64,0 70.4 74.2 74.5 63.3 b1,9 60.8 61.0 51.0
7'...117r. - )0:re t ion ;To v re e Wet er iHkirft-,. 0 e- Inehe a
...-4.4•11...
••-•...o..oapom... ...
Monthly 1,1:0;r*,17 774u:e.1 .7.10;, till:, TotA.1. ...__,i.--- 12 Iv".
mem__
14 hrs. 4.03 :', .21 0.1153 1.82 0,0953 9,21 5.24 .1747 3.97 .1323 9.fr. 4.14.19e1
4.16 .1413 9.33 5,00 .1.C13 4.33 .1397 9 • 03 A . 'I" .1456 7,68 7.00 ...it..i .11VO 3.31 .10i`,7two . oar me ••• aMeerv. ... •••••• 4111. ••••
2. vsi• owe.•00111.10...1110.1.1, ••••••• Ow •••• '''':,,:iT,!,7)1.).-1•'.• _.,.T., 711.TA • 1 0 2 7 -;.., -,-:.--,-;-::.)rr .',11.7.1, Pe re•rd _ . . V.
nth -r Dalb ,,le. t Bab
Dew Point Pels t ive
...s... - ... ,..••.1.•••••••.-•... rIpsild i 4_ L Ta nue ry 27.9° 09. 20 4,- LEP 7717' I ebruary 2.0•2 19.1 16 88 Ittrch 24.3 28.2 17 75 .4r11 39.6 77.0 74 BO lib.y 49.3 48.7 44 83 Aire 61.4 177.4 54 73 Zuly 65.8 62.4 60 82 AuGust 34.5 61.2 50 92 Sept ember 53..4 49.4 47 07 Oc.i;ober 41.0 40.5 40 98 Nov orb er 29.0 31.4 22 77 .-Amer.iber 23.4 27.5 113 131
T. r)nth a nun r February April 7,sey 312n Aul Yu 17 ' , Octol:Icr r Deals' Ibtt re mar./ Feb:, Tir i 1 ept er,b6r notoVr November December Tiont,b IP !Wary February arch y Tune July AuFuct September October tgoverber December
Ave rr t7.0 Wind :Record r.emorw)ter
141,a per
or.
/
.1 lee:buth 3543,0 ;) .4 7053.3 1334 en 7060.5 ,:pt)61.8 4540.0 3396.0 4332.0 4458.0 3640.0 neack) .3 rtrz "71:11b 46.5e 33.5 44.0 80,1 e`.5,1 74.3 74.9 g9.,5 51.8
tr
.3 ."Air 7,5771.p!7s trtre Room! (Cent=
--•••••••MM011. .040.1.4610.
Iffe. t LIb Dew Point
3-holstive ity 12.20 317° 72° 35,4 32 75 16 19.5 49 40.0 22 57.5 41 42 30.8 50 43 .57.1 59 45 88.1 (34 70 59.r, 52 47.1 42 69 '39.8 32 58 35•3 26 70
:leer tbn t'i 1-- rz,....7:irlun end Airi1.11-1_ 'emsrn -au I.!! a ..,-. _ .1..411r
! Palk! T, nt Min 117112 Att xizeuri lidnineni ••••••• ... -N.M.. 43.70 18.5° 56,13
82.6°
12,9 44,5 17.1 40.5 21.(1 54.0 22,8 81,5In.:5
r.3.3
35.0
65.6
43,7 ..;*2.1i 4507 7C .1 55.1 c.s>4.8 57,9 78.8 51.11 f', .2 60.5 '10.4 47.1 ''; .1 49.5 38.8 45.5 24,`.. 5'Z ,3 28.6 2,5 IC.1 39,7 19.7 ...ex.••••••••44 s•-•71c.-
1:11.irpt 2091.0 1452.0 Zb52.0 534.6 3695.5 135s.n
4144,2 313•1.1 4355.6 2710.9 3595.1 298•5 2661.9 1970.1 1337,5 1570.5 2.3n .4 2122,0 1947.0 1893.0 1071.1 1018.2 P! Hour 4.7e
4.59 9.48 10.13 9.50 9.11 8.10 4,9 • 5,9C: 5.05 4.97 41,•••P961 LI 9g • re 114 Og tc •00 19 OG 0f.3*:), Ot• GG te ge • c29 0G • Og 014 50 60 • 'at 06 C6 •6 9 N • a • .q3 ATPTainff oAcluE9 :1 luTo, r_ lac 361-7 60 • TZ 00* 1,2 90* ?t Ot • et 06'19 CI*99 S.38 . 0g Neff* 1A/1"n t!, • 7 , 1 *IT zirki 3zt14, 2ao(1- • -- /ZiAYL rivuit,u1. )/I . IUP ... O . OP ...00.00P00.W....MOOPOW.4 0, dlMWo..mw . ftrqoq o . m.-oe k ....O.OWO.WOdpoimak.mo.4...0!mowqmlwlOwmair..Wimwowwqpmibft.P.NWWWV.00P.amr.ywaN. 0111111.01.1111. azco • igate egt • a1:)I • mgr i;e.itte t.,;(360 • S.:1"7(.:0*•) AP +1.10 , OMNI t."18* it:h T.T,* 01 *t 0- 1)1* 'EVE 0,6 'lg . L503* TV* 1;11) 90* 2: 0461 . 9e,130 ••••••••••111... Chat% • X. ‘
Ws - 4'
i.kki
•
•••1-t —rrit
Rote. ItO At14, UOqi Atr-7-Mf! 091101/1 1 Jflsir:3L'. 4.1Galtj U0 T 0Ci '3,1k -s*irnaffirA
sot • teak' 044 T g 6 *VT T • tA3 t3 • 04; 6 • 21, 9 . 69 .6 atEJ 1 - . LS P•te 0E; 6 . 31• g*OL C • 09 • lit) g 0* CO UTIVIZT X 'CC Au 4 • - .*T - 001 5 awl o oac, zoctt.5oAc)1 .13 qoi. oo aoq .x4.94 do( 4.ortlir trn: un: T Tad': triQG fux gal vz avoQ0H tan ,Taqueow. ,T LIG .taw. !a defT MAUI OU11: : 71 4;st 1:04 13 ,,tviam ur 111,110a • * • • .. ta zue C.„ Acti ze (04*0 1,011211V 0 ilTt: TTad'i Az -Droned ZATircut •ap,V.T.OJ sp.ro..)aL 236TTc-rperature Record, cort'd.
Nonth Dry 1341b 4et Dull
Taruary 37.50 M.5V3 FFbrilry 4C.00 41.74 nirch 41.78 37.19 April cn..r 50.00 Tlity CA.I2 54.87 Tune ,. - 01.27 Iuly M.3C 64.40 Ilruct P7,' 64.3E Septertn7. 71.62 50.12 Octobr-7: 51,55 40.66 Nove7Aulr 4646 3.0609 Deee-t,r 315.!77 7r,n. Tenuery Pobrumry 1.1sreh ,
:Jou :Joint Humidity
29 65 17 25 54 92 40 57 55 70 :32 70 26 29 23 13 7c6 Ar.110 April Vey 4.35 7.11 Tune 13.21 6.05 o.201c; 4,16 0.1380 Xuly 10.W 4 .71 45(2 C.Pr) .2m0 Augunt 10,13 4.15 .1'636 6.% .2170 3orter-0'7er 8.34 3.157 .1150 4.-:'7 .15r1 October 0.34 3.01 .0970 3.53 11139 Vovemter 4.13 2.6? ,034; 2.06 .00886
Docerb2 -.-- --- ?rozon over ...-- • MO OW OM
niXTY0/lLY 7.,112:1WII AND MINIM_ TEMEAATIMS._
Minimum 1-1 ... -.7 I 10.70 22.06 2P.f4 41.83 4) .Of 63.08 86.01 6:5.76 40.2r; 40,42 24,72 19.64
TA:tiita Lialzina Miriam 4,txi1Wu3fl
;A. Y. !,!. • e ..0 I6nuary 36.40 F.3.00 40.00 _ 7ebruLry 45.45 -;0.;:a0 4C:.0S1 Airch 40.41 20.19 4.61 11711 ;'3.::0 6.40 65.1b Vey 64.09 42.16 69.50 Tune 8.31 4iii9 85.88 'tru1y 04.003 59.19 29.85 AuEsust epteclbor 35.;9 73.00 55,,,., 4;',0 9b.29 .8.08 October Gb.::, 30..i 7;:..90 :\.bveraber 54.13 22.W 81.20 Deeembor 20.70 5.90 %.80 540
ria•F3
AVERAGE WIND & EVAPORATION RECORD: Miles per
Month 7'onth 7)e-r
ANEM!"11.71 Night NMOINOS Jvg. Miles jiour
Unary
2010.0 1010.00 1000.00 2.71February
3546.1 1M6.10 2240.0 5.09 Parch 1730.2 974.6 755.6 2.33 -pril 2478.0 987.40 1490.6 3.46 T.hy 2656.0 1517.10 1133.9 3.56 Tune 5499.7 /627.20 2372.2 7.63 July 3331,4 1833.50 1545.9 4.60 AUMB t 2552.5 1465.30 1037.2 3.43 jeptember 3519.0 2010.10 1508.9 4.88 October 3915.5 2042.70 1372.3 5.26 :lovomber 3433.7 1631.10 1802.6 4.77 'December 1110.0 815.10 404.9 :4,43 .7.71''..51':',7,:.11111:-;71. 07! WAIT.Ii'.37q (roan)Month 6:00 A. - • 5.30 bun .".ctirimun
/anu:lry ebruary !4Lrf,h April 7ty Sumo 65.50 75.42 71..A.01 1,1,10 7U1:' 70.83 79.61 30.50 67.59 Au!--Itet 67.64 78.22 79.97 6c1„q0 57.66 5F1.01 69.M5 SF .87 October 50.53 58.42 60.49 .19 November 42.46 48.55
_
49.e8
4t'.46'December ?later ir tcnk frozen greeter part of the
1'..1925 rerorel
EVA:ORATION nor. FR= WATM SURFACE ( Inches )
l',7onth1y 11onth1y r4,16}1 Mon th ty al eh
Month Total flay 12 1u'8. NI..p.ht 12 hrs.
Ta xxlery February Ilareh April 6.50 7.68 0.1673 2,82 0.1282 lilay 8040 3.58 .1328 2.82 .1044 Tune 9.58 5.87 *1957 ',71 .1277 Aily 7.54 4.53 .1678 7.01 , 1254 August 5.10 2,86 .1700 2.24 .1120 Se ptember 4.42 2.78 .1:7.57 2.04 .1020 October November Decerber mor.THLY
!itionth. Vaximura ?An 1.11114171 :" 6 .4 tall; , i : .. minim
-"S .tal. .-t • 1 ... _ ' * . • • . • Telma ry 25,10 3.60 35.00 11.3C I' °brut ry 50.00 25.10 54.40 27.00 March 60.70 29.00 64.00 33.40 April 06.00 '313.70 75.40 44.00 Yay 67.00 47.90 73.30 52,40 Tune 7(3,90 J .00 87.90 61.40 July 78.50 01.70 87.80 64.80 _ tlf;11/3 t 76.50 56.70 85.20 58.50 ,epte-lier 72.40 51.70 32.10 53.50 Octobar 54.00 34.80 80.80 35.20 November 20.70 21.80 4:4.70 23.60 Dece-ber 30.50 22.60 50.00 22,80
!.VERA.GE 7iDIT) AM ETA ?0 RATION
REcoir)
Anemozne ter eadirfsMlles per Avg. Miles
Month North 2.1): ripht per
Ta nun ry Vebruax7 Wareh April May June Iugust 5896.8 31/.34,40 2712.4 7.92 8006.0 4524.00 1484.0 8.74 4398.5 2285.80 2110.7 5,99 3075.0 1795.50 2179.5 4.67
LY
E• Wir4 Montha nl orEtior record Aner °meter Reeclitin cort ed. Miles niles pibr 7 on th Oepte. er 3940.0 October 3014.4 rove:41)er 3480.0 Dee e er 4492.0 Mol Te 'try Februcry r ch April 53.1 !,147 60.5 Tune july 72.8 ..; 70.2 Sept enbe r Or tober November c ber
DayYtpt ker Hour
2339.00 1551.0 2.40
1048.Tu 1065.6 3.04
20%3.00 1:59n „ 0 4.97
2476,00 2010.0 5,93
Ir.J.,..•:7/TR',717TRZ •••.'2.,'77.7.P (Tiear )
5130 Poi:, irum r
ru:-55.4 -7.0 57.1 67.9 72.1 59.2 74.1 79.8 850 79.8 82.4 71.4 7A.9 84.0 68.4 WWWW 0004.011.400.004.0.1M.111000. WWI.... MOW ... 00WWWWWWWWWW WWW0010 12 Atcordz Tr. :Out ry ? ebrub ry biar:o April TOR 41 Tuly Augi.u3t Sept erth er October Nov erb e r December Tr.:77:0110LOCIICAL
EVA.P0R:"Tr".`,7 1171,?.1! PITY, : TTA (Iitelie 3 )
•••• wawa EP Ma. m 040
Tbt 1 E9V-412117-21%!. Mon thl...7 Ni4t
7.01 2,59 5.7:1) 2.95 0,72 4.04 8.36 4,65 6,97 :5 .?1. 6.19 tit .80 5.24 2,95 4.11 2,48 1,73 2,77 2 ,68 5,71 3.26 2,59 1.65
LPN Month itua ry Tebru ry
varoL
April Thy Arne July August 3o pt or.ber October Ticretzzi'-,er December ••• To awry brue, ry akrch !Aly Zune July ;.ugust September October Novel.i.)or Ape e:47acar LY -.-T, IT • r my 7.7 run -irP.1 T": Virimum rns, l,rs.x iriim • • 37.38 45.64 4Y.12 51,33 19,00 21. 15 25,25 $4.40 46.32 53.54 62.26 20.00 .35 27.90 39,50 64.70 40.n 74.93 53.77 73.93 80,70 54.10 53.35 90,12 60.48 65.77 (0.74 56,45 8i# 90 61.48 71.73 48.50 81.03 49050 67.45 35.00 76.46 17.06 54.2123.56
61.50 31.20 34.30 15.71 42.08 16.a 1 ) 1.4.7-0CRD ; rfv.A.DI1'08Avg.
Yileumt
Hour !Iles per L'.onth ...0.0160•••••••••••••• •}: irit 450r) 244B 2052 6,06 3201 2199 6.002 5003 5214 3186 3101 181P 2117 6.i2 7,7425in
2795 6.98 4972 2722 2210 6,05 4302 2345 047 5.90 3E04 2255 150 Lri.16 5604 2895 27()9 5075 3156 8.02 W.144452195
3050 7.28tiCET0ROL00IC.f, L )AT. • 'e ordi 1927 "ir.VAPORA.11:701:: T Avnt h nuflry brry Al rel.+ Nay Zu.ne july August 3ept e ber Oe tob November De enbor Month 'rob rt,. ry Nareh Apri I Miy june .Tvtly August .7.opt. err! ber Oeto ber Noverter Do eemb or Month :anxiety (030. 31 ine ) Iletbru!' Vex. ch I,pr i 1 7 'fly June july ugus t [eptober October overt or Dee ee..-ber FIO „non
t',1%! Artal :Aorthly 'Day &ion th].,y lqtgAt
4.77 3.0C 2,89 6..)4 5.75 3,19 8.90 5.40 3.58 8.91 4.75 4.16 5.59 .99 2.51 5.06 3.45 2.51 4.31 2. 1.97 209 .L:33 1,3t3 it&P r-ZrAt-IT! :b X !Int:marl lt;cimula intr. • • 4,1f. c76 16 .5,1 ...1.111110•1111.1•11.1..111110111 S ... 51.43 S. ,•. 0,17 50.04 22.50 rim , 00 47.71 29.71 56.11 77.77 62.06 , 25 70.10 • 77.90 49.03 50.77 .0" 78.70 54.67 Cr Of', On 4, 00 81.97 5V .91 •-3.74 67.51 79.16 56.74 87 .Q7 '31.64 75.23 Cr .1', 51,27 66.35 35.51 75.41 '35 C4.45 29 10.03 40,71 1.7 TERACE
- O0D:1CMTTR RE.A.D INDS /Avg. !files
per Hour Men per 92-• th N t 3458.5 66f.6 (.117.7 5.75 3852.5 2240.1 1612.4 :5.73 4628.5 2611.1 2017,4 6.22 5365.2 2802.1 2484.1 7.45 4455. 2319.0 2146,0 6.00 3219.1 1662.8 1555.3 .47 292 r3.1 1623.1 1n6.1 3.94 2230.4 1210.0 1020.4 3.00 2431.5 1336,2 1145.3 3.45 2347.2 1407.3 939.9 3.15 3144.9 1706.0 1433.9 4,36 3159.8 1536.6 1625,2 4.25 9.
WIETEOTI0Le1C.:142.At_ 1 9 2
ITYP.PGRA.TIOIT YEW 71-01.:. yj 311.7.f.FI,CE ( Inches )
ronth _pril fley :rune July Auruct 3epterc: OntubL1-Month Ts run ry Ibru 'r April Tray Tune july A ugue t Sept ember Oetobr Nov Exib er Dec cwber on thl v Totc.1
10-2.t27
nOTt1 iught
6.13 3.45 2,73 7.56 :f .49 4.07 3.92 3.54 3.36 7.47 7.60 3,i17 9,1P 4.13 4. cvf, 3:0 37 0.16 4 PP n 20O 51) .:301k7fIN'T.7.1,Y liAXDLUM ifl
.00
Tr
r:tr!r
"I r" -:....c1111::-326.20
!qv inpnii
fit x; wain Minium Mx tnun
A. .!.7,„ 2. 1.4 1). 40.4C 14,64 14.).,St 41.14 17,93 50.48 19.62 .19
2n.74
59.87 :51.00 58,00'Am.
00 64.07 :RE1.4:3 66,13 47.25 70.01 5,,.?, 7%490 52.50 79.50 55.8/1 82188 5 (.16• 39.36 „q1 5d.35 87.8? 67.2T,71.87
46.37 32.0? 51.9061.06
38.61 C8.90 41.29 44.20 24,23 7.1.8:15 32.06 10.20 39.45 1o.53. AYErtAGE T.10 1.14,CC.)14r):T' 'Der Avg. Miles
L'onth l'onth De..1 per :Hour
Ja mazy 21345.7 1634.7 1161.0 3.82
Feb,-..unry 3248.2
1‘ 21.p.
142'I.5
4.67?arch 3Q92 .5 2224,9 1737.6 5.37 April 11917.3 11.0•5 2055.8 3349.0 2068.5 1280.5 4.50 Jun e 3235.5 13460 13B3*7 4.49 july 2357.5 1428.3 V20 *2 7,17 A upus t 2408.9 1444,0 964*0 3,24 Septenber 2;1 . 1 1411.2 823.9 3,11 Oetober 2895.0 160362 1291,9 309 revert or 2517.2 . 1449.3 1067,9 3.50 December 2283.0 1265,9 093,0 5.04
