A New Model For Food Production in the Stockholm Slaughterhouse District

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A New Model For Food Production in the Stockholm Slaughterhouse District

Brian Faitt Master of Architecture Diploma Project, Second Level 30 credits Prof. Erik Stenberg, with Profs. Sara Grahn, Alexis Pontvik and Anders Wilhelmsson Arkitekturskolan, KTH, June 2014 With Examiners: Kia Larsdotter, Jonas Elding and Cecilie Andersson

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Slaughterhouse District, Evolution

Original Area, 1900

by 1950

by 1980

by 1990

Slaughterhouse District Present Business and Gentrification

Food Distribution Food Storage/ Processing Food Related Industries New Economic Activities

Site Surroundings

Slaughterhouse District

Medium Density Housing Single Family Housing

Sports Complexes

Industrial Retail Commercial

Recent/Future Developments

Slaughterhouse District, Present Condition

Originally Surviving Buildings Large Scale Food Companies Small Scale Distribution Companies

SL Trainyard Refrigeration/Processing and Support Buildings Food Related and Support Companies

Automotive Access, Paths and Parking Internal Communication Structures

Automotive and Pedestiran

Topographical Barriers Pedestrian/Bike Access Points Defining Structures:

Communication

Highway

Prime Streets

Public Transport

Access Points

Large Trucks, Paths and Place

Mid Sized Trucks, Paths and Area Internal Communication Structures

Service Vehicles

Access Points

Development Plan

K Märkt

Demolition

Poss. for Mixed-Use Housing Defunct train tracks

Elevation Shift and Vegetative Barriers

Defining Structures:

Barriers

Roads and Public Transport

Stockholm

New Development

Communication and Greenspaces

Site Aerial Photograph

Siteplan

0 50M 100M

View of the Slaughterhouse District from south by southeast.

View of area from the southeast.

View along Hallvägen, the main and northwestern axis of the site.

View from above of eastern edge of the Slaughterhouse District.

Northern part of Hallvägen.

View from above of eastern portion of Slaughterhouse District.

View to building site along Hallvägen from north.

View of site from west along Kylgatan. View of area from the south.

The Slaughterhouse district in Stockholm, a century old super- cluster located in the southern part of central core, is in the process of being developed into a mixed-use high-density housing area and is the perfect context to explore possibilities in the search for new models and relationships with regards to food production.

Located within a somewhat removed and isolated portion of the city, the building site is located about the lower end of this area, just below the district's minor axis, moving from the southwest to northeast. The latter end of the site terminates at the new Arena and the former end at the only pedestrian entrance into the area from the southwestern side, into what is now a large truck navigation space among several large storage/refrigeration facilities.

In between these two points, the main axis of the Slaughterhouse district terminates into a train service yard whose distant edges form the semicircular boundary of the area's elevated topology. As this portion of the site is south-eastward facing as well, the space would serve as a park or public gathering space.

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world larger area local site building detail theoretical

Phenomological

Sociological

Social

Historical Technological

Ecological/

Sustainable

Economical Psychological

Political

Scientific

agricultural

Urban Nursery

physical scales impact scale

Control over healthy food supply New Model for a

Store or Market Ecological Cafe and/

or Restaurant

Sustainability Center Urban Greenhouse Other (Site) Specific

Functions Integrated Technical System Juxtaposition of relationships into a new setting

present the possibility of new experiences.

Change old ways of thinking and relating to new ideas and characteristics in the environment.

Experience new stimuli in new ways.

Direct connections with controlling board &

companies, companies and site producers, companies & residents, shoppers and community.

New model paradigm- more control rests with resident growers, entailing a change in the economic dynamics. Qual control historically took place on site.

Produce healthy nutrient-rich food, low CO2, no vectors, close to table.

Farm to market, now includes roof, wall to market or table

*Information* on what is better, direct democracy.

Displaces practice, in small amounts, now outsourced to less regulated/stable countries, vulnerable to their own food issues.

Eco/Sust food sources and practices

Control over profit-model.

Housing

+

Public Market

Shipping/Receiving clerical

=

^Housing

Shipping/Receiving Public Market clerical

÷ +

Food company

+

^Greenhouse Food company

Greenhouse

Proliferation of numerous diseases and vectors;

Millions of factory-farm hogs -- one study puts it at ten percent -- die before they make it to the killing floor. Some are taken to rendering plants, where they are propelled through meat grinders and then fed cannibalistically back to other living hogs.

Others are dumped into big open pits called "dead holes," or left in the dumpsters for so long that they swell and explode.

Je! Teitz in Rolling Stone; Pork's Dirty Secret: The nation's top hog producer is also one of America's worst polluters. Dec 14, 2006.

Pesticides, antibiotics, growth hormones, carcinogens and other chemical contaminants that have been linked to disorders, diseases and genetic mutations.

cadmium in flour

colour dyes in meat (or fake meat/ horse meat)

Cherry tomatoes in a greenhouse, Rättvik

Greenhouse gases from transportation and other aspects related to the food production chain that contribute to global warming when not either produced locally or at the source.

Supporting revenues to countries or entities whose policies elicit things such as human rights violations, constitute animal cruelty, or run counter to our own ideals and consciousness.

Children/slaves used in co!ee and chocolate production.

Constant bacterial outbreaks of E-Coli and Salmonella in agricultural products.

Mad Cow/Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Bird flu, H5N1

Swine flu, H1N1 and similiar variants Foot and Mouth Disease

Concept Development

As a result of choosing a long site, the idea arose to explore the building in section across its length.

As a starting point, sections from a successful housing project and one from one of the smaller food distribution companies were examined.

Beginning with one of the typical small-scale food distribution companies found on the site, a two story structure containing inventory and a shipping/receiving port at its lower level with clerical functions above were divided. Distribution functions were placed underground, removed from expected pedestrian flows, and a market was placed in-between the two spaces to serve the future area. Its inventory would be stocked/

shared from the company's supplies.

Eventually both were merged, as opposed to being stacked upon one another, as to create the possibility for interaction.

Function/Impact Matrix an analysis of relationships between space and issue

A Store or New Market Prototype (Alternative model for food production)

The public/street level of a new structure would contain a food market comprised of companies from the food industries currently residing in the Stockholm Slaughterhouse district (primarily meat but also vegetable distributors) which would be kept over through the expected redevelopment of the area into high-density housing.

"

This market would function as both a storage and distribution depot for those companies distributing to the larger Stockholm metropolitan area, as is currently practiced, and be open to the general public as a type of grocery store or farmers market with the possibility of expanding some portion of the market's activities outdoors during harvest times and in times of good weather. (Think Street’s Hornstull's Bondens Egen Marknad, the original Central Market in Austin- something along the lines of an IKEA for food.)

"

The size of the distribution activity would be intended to be limited in scale as to not incorporate large trucks and the necessary large infrastructural area required for their operation and would operate on a level removed from the normal flows of pedestrian tra#c, connected to underground levels and parking.

A co-op, or another form of joint commercial venture, would be formed where occupants/consumers residing in the building/s assume some operational control over the choices of food bought/sold/distributed by entities functioning in the commercial spaces with the intention of making the best choices pertaining to various criteria such as local/distant sources, organic/chemical fertilizers/pesticides, sustainability, health value, ethical choices, etc.

The residents in the building would have the option of selling their produce in the market as well, or to each other, through a transport system incorporated into the façade system that would enable the possibility of new networking interactions between occupants and those who would share, barter and communicate with one another- perhaps invite each other over for dinner, or, simply, send dinner over in return for dinner later, cash, or, something else. (Think book transport system at Asplund’s bibliotek, Stina’s matkasse, dumbwaiters connected to a kitchen or restaurant and the idea in America where the kitchen area has become the social meeting place for the household, now to take place in a dense urban setting among many households.)

We may not know in all cases where our food comes from, the processes or chemicals involved with their production, if the controls designed to safeguard public health will work every time (they don't,) or if the underlying political/economic entities we support with our purchases are at odds with our moral, ethical views and even our health. Ultimately, in instances across the globe, actors with concerns contrary to the well being of society influence these systems for their own benefit and food production becomes a black box. Recent examples include the following:

Concept

To explore the possibility of creating a mixed use building in an urban context that allows the occupants to produce and oversee food production through technological systems built into the facade of a structure which would allow the occupants to move towards self su#ciency, as opposed to relying entirely on mainstream commercial food sources.

Mixed-use spaces use in order to strengthen the concept would include:

Ecological Store/Market

Ecological Cafe and/or Restaurant An Urban Greenhouse

An Urban Plant Nursery A Sustainability Center Social Community Spaces.

I have envisioned a double-leaf wall envelope and roof systems functioning as greenhouses in order to contain fruit and vegetable production supported by a hydroponic system somewhat similar to those found in industrial greenhouses. Various technologies relating to

photovoltaics, active and passive solar energy, natural and forced ventilation and rain water retention would be integrated into their design.

Central Problem

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store

flow of goods

shipping/receiving see trucks loading

and unloading.

What is the best angle to see them?

5m greenhouse greenhouse

store

flow of goods alt 2 lightshaft

and unloading.

greenhouse as skylight View of greenery coming down into main passage

rest/cafe/mgmt/seminars/

lectures/cooking courses rest/cafe

storage meets shopping

Residential

entrance from street greenhouse

connect?

greenhouse play

poss more parking poss pool

storage/laundry

store

AI AI

gh gh

store

flow of people

storelek store stores

secondary extending out/^Trellais bridges like trädgården

Amnesty and Special interest groups related

to food issues.

store AI

intermediary pubilc interface spaces Integrated

bodies

Housing

Food Business

Market

Integrated bodies

Housing

Food Business

Market Connected bodies

across

stores secondary secondary secondary secondary

Commercial/

Business

poss lower roof height entrance from street

entrance from parking garage

Hotel

poss pool greenhouse

Extending Street

extend the walking plane of the street into the market so that it feels seamless.

perhaps the street and the building can exchange in widths such that one is bigger, say for street life, then the other becomes larger to become part of the street, then the space goes to the southern part near the park.

services

flow air/water

CO2 RainwaterO2 Graywater Waste

greenhouse greenhouse

Siteplan

Sectional Diagrams

0 20 50M

Site Model from Northwest Site Model from South Site Model from Above

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Company food distribution into/out of the building: Levels -2 to 1

Primary shipping/receiving transport will be carried out through medium sized transport trucks which would primarily enter the building from the northeastern end of the structure via close streets adjacent leading from major thoroughfares about this same side.

A shared entrance for all tra!c leading into the parking area of the building would be separated into 3 zones Minor access would take place at the opposite end of the structure, about the southwestern side of the parking structure.

S/R activity would be carried out along the length of the structure, relatively beneath the companies of functions supported.

Minor S/R activity will also take place at intervals about several vertical lifts along the main axis of the parking structure which would primarily serve as access to public/commercial/retail levels but would also be used by the inhabitants of the structure.The northwestern face could also be used for minor S/R functions as well.

Larger trucks entering the building will be able enter at the northeastern entrance of the parking garage from the streets adjacent to the main entrance as well, but only two docking ports will be provided for service.

All vehicles have the option to exit at either side of the structure, except for large trucks which exit at the southwestern part of the parking structure.

Building Services and Support

Access to functions such as waste removal, collection of recycling content, service repairs for aspects such as plumbing and air conditioning, will take place at the public level of the parking structure in the same zone as other medium s/r excluding the immediate area around the main dock.

Flow of People into and in the Building

Primary flows (customers) need to be lengthwise to the building.

I'm considering a separation of the two volumes, once again, and exploring the addition of a open space between the two.

About the market, flows can be pushed closer to the southern windows. Or, alternatively, a separation can be made regarding the vertical access which had been two separate systems in one construction. Now it would be separated allowing the private occupants street-side access and market functions ones closer to the southern facing side and according to the frequency they are needed.

The street facade, with retractible window/doors, could allow a changing opening/entrance setting.

The primary flow along the length of the building would be change in elevations in a few places which would be carried out by escalators or conveyance systems in the center of the concourse to allow views across the space.

Customers/General Public Access

The main points of access for entry into the building will occur along the street for those coming via foot, bike, bus, train or tram.

Vehicular tra!c will enter the parking structure at the northeastern entrance and have the ability to park their car from the point of entry until the area about the dock to the western portion of the parking structure.

Access into the building will take place through the vertical lifts positioned intermittently along the main axis of the parking structure.

Assuming that there will be vacant parking spaces in the evening when some shops have closed, parking would be available for those attending events at the new arena adjacent to the building.

Workers in service shops

Those working in the building will have the option of parking in

reserved parking spaces- in either a public or provate location- in the parking

garage, but will be recommended to use public transport to come to the workplace. Flow Axonometrics 1:1000 Study Models

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store

flow of goods

and unloading.

Commercial/

Business

store

flow of people

storelek store stores

secondary extending out/^Trellais bridges like trädgården

Hotel

poss pool greenhouse

services

flow air/water

CO2O2 Rainwater Graywater Waste

greenhouse

greenhouse Carbon dioxide from living spaces is vented into the

fasades for plants during the day when it is needed for photothensis. The extra heat from the exhaust air is used during the cooler months to keep plants in a moderate temperature.

During the evenings, ventilation is directed back into the spaces as the plants produce oxygen. During the cooler months, air will pass through a heat exchanger to recover waste heat.

What to do with garage ventilation?

passes separated through some system? Light holes?

Rainwater Graywater Waste

Extending Street

extend the walking plane of the street into the market so that it feels seamless.

perhaps the street and the building can exchange in widths such that one is bigger, say for street life, then the other becomes larger to become part of the street, then the space goes to the southern part near the park.

Integrated bodies

Housing

Food Business

Integrated bodies

connected spaces across

Market

store

flow of goods alt 2 lightshaft

and unloading.

greenhouse as skylight View of greenery coming down into main passage

lectures/cooking courses rest/cafe

storage meets shopping

Residential

entrance from street greenhouse

connect?

greenhouse play

poss more parking poss pool

storage/laundry

store

AI AI

gh gh

Amnesty and Special interest groups related

to food issues.

store AI

intermediary pubilc interface spaces

AI space acts as a bridge overlooking mall light filters down through greenhouses above

shipping/receiving greenhouse

greenhouse

greenhouse as skylight

View of greenery coming down into main passage

lectures/cooking courses

storage meets shopping residential units

Short Section sketch render

Sun Studies

December 22 at 10am, 12 pm and 2:30 pm

March 22 at 8am, 1 pm and 5pm

June 22 at 5am, 12 pm and 8pm

Model Studies

Facing South into the corner space

The Western face

View over building from the Western Side View from the Western Side in a later model

View from the South East

Level -1 Public Parking Storage Food Preparation Level 0 Public Market Level 1 Offices Greenhouse on Western End Level 2 Rainwater Cafe Urban Nursery Sustainability Demonstration Center Level 3 Private Residences and Greenhouses

Levels 4-13 Private Residences Greenhouses

Level -2 Docks and Private Parking

Stores on Western Side Building Axonometric

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S 1 S 1 open below

prep.

open below prep.

3 2 0 -1 -2

0 -1 -2

5 43 2 0 -1 -2

5 43 2 0 -1 -2 storage

storage

storage Food

Preparation

Food Preparation

Public Entrance open to -2?

open to -2?

storage forposs res or gh?

poss storage for exhibits or gh?

storage forposs res or gh?

poss storage for res or gh?

open above open above

Public Entrance Public Entrance

Public Entrance 10

- -2

10 - -2

3 2 1 0 -1 -2

6 - -2

public stairs and elevator

rainwater café

Hydroponic Gardening Store

hydroponics area

Sustainability Exhibition/

Demonstration Center

Library

emergency/

private/

company emergency/

private/

company

workshop

kid's workshop

nursery and hydroponic systems

emergency/private/

company emergency/

private/

company emergency/

private/

company

+25.90 +14.60

+14.60

+23.00

+14.60

WC

WC Common

kitchen

View to the east showing western side of focus portion.

Northern side street view.

Bridge over Hallvägen entrance to the project's park. Northwestern facade detail.

Interior facing southeast. Southeast facing facade detail.

View to the east showing western side of focus portion and southeastern edge/promenade.

Interior facing southeast.

Southeastern Portion Section 1:200 Northwestern Portion Section Perspective

Northwestern Portion Section Perspective with Technical System

View to the east showing western side of focus portion

Bridge over Hallvägen entrance to the project's park

Interior facing southeast Southeast façade detail

Northern Portion Section Perspective

Level 1, Intermediary Space Level 0, Public Market and Demonstration Fields

Level -1, Public Parking Garage and Food Preparation Areas

Level 2, Food Distribution and NGO O!ces Level 3, Rainwater Cafe, Urban Gardening Store and Sustainability Demonstration Center

Level 5 Residential Level 10, Private Greenhouse

South facing corner

Southeast facing elevation Southeast facing elevation

Southeast facing elevation

Building from Northwest Building from West

Building from West

Building from South

Long Section

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Hydroponic system Plants

Types, food producing seedings/need screens for light control grids

Also for auto-watering houseplants In containers In tanks

Fed by water outlet Controlled by Water from roof Fed nutrients Controlled by

Drained through tubes in supports or floor

Lamps provide additional light (heat in cavity) Double-Leaf/PV facade system

Two lights separated by an internal air space composes a facade that creates a strong thermal barrier from the outside climate. The outermost light is fixed with a transparent photovoltaic film on the inside surface, while the inside lights consist of sliding glass doors.

Floor to ceiling glass allows for maximum daylighting and solar gain into the interior space, which can be controlled by an automated blind system built into the cavity of the sliding doors.

Transparent photovoltaic film From MIT or Fasadglas

Wall System Diagrams Wall System Perspective

Interior Perspective

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Wall System Detail

Active Heating

Hydroponic water system stabilizes heat within cavity.

LED lights provide heat

Passive Heating

Sunlight passes through system to be absorbed into floor.

Plants in cavity absorb heat and transfer it into energy for plant growth.

Cavity controlled by both blinds and sensor controlled ventilation.

Exhaust Ventilation

Intake Ventilation

Short Section

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1:200 Model South Perspective 1:200 Model Levels -2 and -1 1:200 Model Levels -1 to Greenhouses

1:200 Model Level -1 1:200 Model Southern Perspective

1:200 Model Level -2

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A New Model For Food Production in the Stockholm Slaughterhouse District

Brian Faitt Master of Architecture Diploma Project, Second Level 30 credits Prof. Erik Stenberg, with Profs. Sara Grahn, Alexis Pontvik and Anders Wilhelmsson Arkitekturskolan, KTH, June 2014 With Examiners: Kia Larsdotter, Jonas Elding and Cecilie Andersson