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Changes in protein expression in Streptococcus mutans during serum exposure

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Changes in protein expression in

Streptococcus mutans during serum

exposure

Christine Nilsson

Martina Wierup

Supervisor:

Jessica Neilands

Malmö University

Dr Odont Vet

Faculty of Odontology

(2)

ABSTRACT

Background

Infective endocarditis occurs when bacteria enter the bloodstream followed by adhesion to the heart valves. The mechanism through which oral streptococci adhere to the endocardium is not well understood. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine protein changes in S. mutans during the environmental shift from a saliva-resembling environment to serum.

Material and method

To detect changes in both cell wall associated proteins and whole cell extract in S. mutans U159, 2Delectrophoresis

were studied and the proteins were silver stained and analyzed in the computer software PDQuest after 5 hrs incubation in MM4 and serum.

Results

After serum exposure, cell wall associated proteins displayed a diminished expression of one protein and whole cell extract displayed 8 enhanced, 9 diminished and 5 novel protein expression.

Conclusion

The main observation was the change in the expression of several proteins. A diminished expression of one unidentified cell wall associated protein, possibly antigen I/II, was shown. In whole cell extract, there was a total of 22 changes in protein expression and 7 of these were identified. The enhanced proteins were observed in fields of typical stress-responses such as antioxidants and protein repair, whereas the diminished proteins diverge and seemed to be a result of a down regulation of basal cell activity.

These results imply that the cell is under stress and changes its protein synthesis in order to survive in the new environment.

SAMMANFATTNING

Syfte

Infektiös endokardit uppkommer genom inträde av bakterier till blodomloppet, där det sker en adhesion till vävnaden, exempelvis hjärtklaffarna. Orala streptokockers förmåga att fästa till hjärtklaffarna är ej väl studerat. Syftet med denna studie var att få en bättre förståelse för hur cellen möjliggör kolonisering av hjärtklaffarna genom att undersöka proteinförändringar hos S. mutans, när dessa genomgår en miljöförändring från en salivliknande miljö till serum.

Material och metod

För att upptäcka förändringar i såväl cellväggs associerade proteiner som i helcellsextrakt hos S. mutans, användes 2D- elektrofores där proteinerna silverfärgades och analyserades med

dataprogrammet PDQuest efter 5 timmars inkubation i MM4 respektive serum.

Resultat

Efter serumexponering, visade cellväggs associerade proteiner en minskning av ett protein medan ett större antal proteiner var synliga i helcellsextrakt där 8 proteiner visade ett ökat uttryck, 9 ett minskat och 5 var nytillkomna.

Slutsats

Resultatet visar att det skedde en förändring i flertalet proteinuttryck. I cellväggsassocierade proteiner var där ett minskat uttryck i ett protein, som möjligtvis kan vara involverad i kollagenadhesion pga dess storlek och polarisation. I helcellsextraktet fanns ett förändrat uttryck hos 22 proteiner varav 7 är identifierade, där de ökade uttrycken påvisades i områden som representerar typiska stressvar såsom antioxidanter och proteinreparationer medan de minskade uttrycken ter sig mer spridda och visar på ett resultat av nedreglering av cellens basala aktivitet.

Dessa resultat kan tyda på att cellen är under stress och förändrar sin proteinsyntes för att adaptera sig i den nya miljön.

References

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