Föreläsning 4
Träd: grundläggande begrepp, ADT, datastrukturer, binära sökträd
TDDC91,TDDE22,725G97: DALG
Utskriftsversion av föreläsning i Datastrukturer och algoritmer 13 september 2018
Magnus Nielsen, IDA, Linköpings universitet
4.1
Innehåll Innehåll
4.2
1 Grundläggande begrepp
Varför träd?
Trädstrukturer uppkommer naturligt i många situationer
• Filsystem
• Hierarkiskaklassifikationssystem
• Beslutsträd
• Hierarkisk organisationav
– Organisationer: avdelning, område, grupp – Dokument: bok, kapitel, sektion
– XML-dokument
• För att representeraordningellerprioritet
4.3
Ett superträd över däggdjur
Reithrodontomys darienensis Cynopterus sphinx
Hipposideros inexpectatus
Amblysomus iris
Microtus middendorffi
Kogia simus Eptesicus tatei
Echimys unicolor
Malacothrix typica Bathyergus suillus
Vernaya fulva
Rheomys thomasi Sturnira erythromos
Spermophilus armatus
Artibeus cinereus
Graphiurus parvus
Hemiechinus hypomelas
Heimyscus fumosus
Psammomys obesus
Melomys lorentzii
Rattus sordidus Saguinus mystax
Hipposideros obscurus Tadarida fulminans
Dactylopsila palpator
Echymipera davidi
Peromyscus mexicanus
Rattus koopmani Rousettus celebensis
Crocidura andamanensis
Dolichotis patagonum Axis calamianensis
Miniopterus robustior
Chaetodipus arenarius
Equus onager Genetta victoriae
Microsciurus mimulus Rubrisciurus rubriventer
Hipposideros lankadiva Molossus molossus
Ichneumia albicauda Megaderma spasma
Hipposideros cineraceus
Mesomys didelphoides Moschiola meminna
Peropteryx macrotis
Crocidura miya
Chiropodomys calamianensis Stenella attenuata
Kerivoula eriophora
Euoticus pallidus
Murina silvatica
Crocidura montis
Didelphis aurita
Rhinophylla fischerae
Rhinolophus paradoxolophus
Peromyscus pseudocrinitus
Gerbillus hesperinus
Oreotragus oreotragus
Dipodomys ordii
Lophuromys rahmi Crocidura fumosa
Geogale aurita
Oryzomys capito
Sarcophilus laniarius
Chaetodipus spinatus
Marmosa robinsoni
Rattus bontanus
Thalpomys cerradensis
Melomys burtoni
Ctenomys conoveri
Sorex samniticus
Lepus hainanus
Scotinomys xerampelinus Myomimus setzeri
Sicista concolor Ammodorcas clarkei
Crocidura crossei
Capra falconeri
Petaurista petaurista Rhinolophus eloquens
Echinosorex gymnura
Dendrolagus bennettianus
Microryzomys minutus Uncia uncia
Maxomys panglima
Sciurus nayaritensis Tamiops rodolphei
Dendromus kivu Myotis oreias
Miniopterus fraterculus
Mus mahomet
Mesocricetus raddei
Graphiurus microtis Camelus dromedarius
Centronycteris maximiliani
Canis mesomelas
Eptesicus pumilus
Melonycteris melanops
Melomys mollis
Sciurus lis Neusticomys monticolus
Soriculus caudatus
Proechimys myosuros
Crocidura douceti
Saguinus tripartitus
Millardia kathleenae Chiropotes satanas
Ctenomys sericeus Chlorocebus aethiops
Onychogalea unguifera
Talpa altaica
Uromys rex Chimarrogale sumatrana Neomys fodiens
Sminthopsis laniger
Monodelphis emiliae
Chalinolobus morio
Acomys kempi
Microtus subterraneus
Phocoena phocoena
Microtus gregalis
Rhinolophus nereis
Dasyprocta ruatanica
Rhinopoma microphyllum
Apodemus sylvaticus
Peromyscus guardia Hipposideros papua
Pseudomys novaehollandiae Damaliscus hunteri
Eptesicus nasutus
Plecotus townsendii
Potorous tridactylus
Callicebus personatus
Rhinolophus celebensis
Pipistrellus cadornae
Golunda ellioti
Cryptomys foxi
Odobenus rosmarus
Marmosa tyleriana
Synaptomys cooperi Nycteris macrotis
Sylvilagus mansuetus
Petinomys crinitus Mesoplodon bidens
Molossops neglectus
Eligmodontia puerulus
Monodelphis adusta
Eulemur mongoz
Allocebus trichotis Tasmacetus shepherdi
Melomys cervinipes Nyctimene certans
Platyrrhinus aurarius
Lemmiscus curtatus
Pappogeomys zinseri
Neusticomys peruviensis Lepus coreanus
Kunsia tomentosusBolomys lactens
Lemniscomys mittendorfi Cervus mariannus
Dasymys nudipes
Grammomys ibeanus
Sciurus igniventris
Taeromys taerae
Cynomys gunnisoni
Kerivoula flora
Colobus angolensis
Habromys chinanteco Mysateles prehensilis
Akodon varius Redunca redunca
Scotophilus leucogaster
Rhombomys opimus
Acomys cilicicus
Oxymycterus roberti
Petaurus gracilis Hipposideros pratti
Cercopithecus lhoesti
Lemmus amurensis
Neurotrichus gibbsii
Acomys cinerasceus Sus timoriensis
Crocidura jacksoni
Lemniscomys griselda Pipistrellus kuhlii
Myotis grisescens Pipistrellus macrotis Kerivoula myrella
Sciurus spadiceus Pithecia monachus
Hystrix pumila Tamias quadrivittatus
Monodelphis domestica
Mus bufo
Desmodus rotundus
Pappogeomys alcorni
Lophuromys medicaudatus Nyctimene minutus
Cerdocyon thous
Auliscomys boliviensis
Chiropodomys major
Margaretamys parvus Emballonura atrata
Dendrohyrax validus
Glischropus tylopus Eligmodontia typus
Bradypus tridactylus
Macropus irma
Aepeomys fuscatus Malacomys longipes
Osgoodomys banderanus Rhinolophus euryale
Euroscaptor longirostris
Habromys lophurus
Myrmecophaga tridactyla Pteropus rayneri
Suncus madagascariensis
Artibeus obscurus Crocidura maxi
Bolomys lasiurus
Eothenomys regulus
Anomalurus pusillus Gazella rufifrons
Aeromys tephromelas
Peromyscus megalops Rhinolophus acuminatus
Hylobates concolor Pseudalopex culpaeus
Dasyurus maculatus
Hemitragus jayakari
Orthogeomys matagalpae Ateles belzebuth
Taeromys celebensis
Myotis stalkeri
Rattus timorensis Macropus robustus
Neotoma palatina
Orthogeomys heterodus
Lutreolina crassicaudata Crocidura cyanea
Gerbillus garamantis
Notomys fuscus Elaphodus cephalophus
Myotis atacamensis
Peromyscus merriami
Eptesicus sagittula
Crocidura tarfayensis
Callicebus olallae Galagoides zanzibaricus
Spermophilus washingtoni Presbytis melalophos
Procyon insularis
Callicebus dubius Aonyx congicus
Suncus remyi
Dendromus oreas
Crocidura cinderella
Bolomys obscurus
Ctenomys steinbachi Callithrix argentata
Equus caballus Herpestes palustris
Peromyscus guatemalensis
Hipposideros dinops
Atelerix algirus
Pipistrellus anchietai
Phyllostomus discolor
Suncus hosei Hipposideros commersoni
Ochrotomys nuttalli
Cricetulus sokolovi
Crocidura sicula
Tamiops maritimus
Felis nigripes
Reithrodontomys spectabilis
Otomys occidentalis
Oryzomys bolivaris
Nyctalus aviator
Oligoryzomys griseolus
Caenolestes convelatus
Neotragus moschatus
Tachyoryctes splendens
Scotinomys teguina Tamias umbrinus
Myotis dominicensis
Niviventer brahma
Pappogeomys tylorhinus
Crocidura horsfieldii
Notomys aquilo
Pipistrellus javanicus
Taphozous theobaldi
Delomys sublineatus
Petrogale burbidgei
Phocoenoides dalli
Kerivoula jagorii
Rattus mindorensis
Spermophilus adocetus Prosciurillus leucomus
Pseudomys hermannsburgensis
Crocidura luna
Mustela felipei
Tylomys panamensis Sousa teuszii
Galerella swalius
Chlamyphorus truncatus
Coendou bicolor
Diplomesodon pulchellum
Lemmus lemmus
Aethomys chrysophilus
Zygodontomys brunneus
Dasymys incomtus
Malacomys verschureni Solenodon paradoxus
Rhyncholestes raphanurus
Auliscomys micropus
Ateles paniscus
Lama pacos
Chaetodipus penicillatus Hylopetes fimbriatus
Mus oubanguii Crocuta crocuta
Cricetomys emini
Microgale brevicaudata
Melomys obiensis
Myotis insularum
Microtus californicus Mystacina tuberculata
Chrotopterus auritus
Eptesicus fuscus
Rhinolophus subrufus
Tamias durangae Madoqua guentheri
Rattus novaeguineae Rousettus amplexicaudatus
Nyctinomops femorosaccus
Thomasomys cinereiventer
Scapteromys tumidus Hylobates agilis
Cryptotis montivaga
Gerbillus gerbillus
Parascaptor leucura
Marmota caligata Sciurus carolinensis Budorcas taxicolor
Mesoplodon hectori
Elephantulus fuscus
Artibeus jamaicensis
Chaetodipus lineatus
Eumops auripendulus
Rousettus egyptiacus
Chalinolobus beatrix
Myonycteris relicta
Leontopithecus caissara
Pteropus tuberculatus
Mus saxicola Galemys pyrenaicus
Allactaga balikunica Hipposideros halophyllus
Volemys kikuchii
Sylvisorex isabellae
Marmota sibirica
Rattus foramineus Alouatta seniculus
Melomys rubex
Castor fiber
Sylvisorex lunaris Crocidura nigricans
Ametrida centurio
Pteropus mariannus
Gerbillus pulvinatus
Arvicola terrestris
Viverra civettina
Uropsilus gracilis
Meriones persicus
Leporillus conditor
Tatera boehmi
Lagenorhynchus cruciger
Crocidura fulvastra
Lagothrix flavicauda
Choeronycteris mexicana
Isoodon auratus Bdeogale nigripes
Rattus turkestanicus Petinomys vordermanni
Tamandua mexicana
Elephantulus brachyrhynchus
Propithecus verreauxi
Stylodipus sungorus Mustela lutreola
Mirounga leonina
Sicista betulina
Spermophilus mohavensis
Mormopterus acetabulosus
Myotis planiceps
Colomys goslingi Sorex trowbridgii
Chionomys nivalis Galago moholi
Mus shortridgei
Eothenomys shanseius
Tatera robusta
Rhizomys sinensis
Sphiggurus spinosus Graphiurus crassicaudatus Hippotragus equinus
Soriculus macrurus
Felovia vae Lontra felina
Glossophaga leachii Nycticeius rueppellii
Axis kuhlii
Sphiggurus mexicanus
Eumops hansae
Crocidura mindorus
Monodelphis unistriata
Aethomys granti
Alticola barakshin
Microhydromys musseri
Gerbillus hoogstraali Microtus pinetorum Prosciurillus abstrusus
Miniopterus schreibersi
Addax nasomaculatus
Rhynchomeles prattorum
Berylmys berdmorei Hippocamelus bisulcus
Suncus infinitesimus
Isthmomys pirrensis
Gazella spekei Grampus griseus
Oryzorictes tetradactylus
Pseudomys praeconis Sotalia fluviatilis
Mustela nivalis
Peromyscus maniculatus
Phyllotis amicus
Oxymycterus hucucha
Olallamys edax Mormopterus doriae
Sicista armenica
Cercopithecus neglectus Sigmoceros lichtensteinii
Ctenomys saltarius Rhinosciurus laticaudatus
Tachyoryctes audax Allenopithecus nigroviridis
Akodon lindberghi
Calomyscus tsolovi
Pteropus sanctacrucis
Cryptotis goldmani
Microtus nasarovi
Tamias panamintinus
Pseudochirops corinnae
Plecotus rafinesquii
Rhinolophus affinis
Natalus stramineus
Rattus hoogerwerfi
Desmana moschata
Calomyscus urartensis
Mesocapromys sanfelipensis
Platyrrhinus lineatus
Mogera insularis
Taterillus arenarius Pipistrellus musciculus
Rattus baluensis Nyctinomops aurispinosus
Spermophilus saturatus Taphozous melanopogon
Pithecheir parvus Atelocynus microtis
Sminthopsis ooldea
Rattus praetor Lama guanicoe
Sturnira lilium
Pteropus aldabrensis
Reithrodontomys brevirostris
Thylamys macrura
Neusticomys mussoi
Pithecheir melanurus
Chaerephon bivittata
Macaca tonkeana Prionodon linsang
Scotonycteris zenkeri
Hyomys dammermani
Lepus corsicanus
Crocidura fuscomurina
Euneomys chinchilloides
Acomys wilsoni Myotis muricola
Dologale dybowskii
Melomys gracilis
Artibeus aztecus
Chiromyscus chiropus
Bunolagus monticularis
Brachyuromys betsileoensis
Gerbillus tarabuli
Jaculus turcmenicus
Spermophilus perotensis Loris tardigradus
Marmosa canescens
Alticola montosa
Dendromus lovati
Bullimus bagobus Artibeus fraterculus
Galea spixii
Crunomys rabori Marmosops parvidens
Acomys subspinosus Myotis thysanodes
Chrotogale owstoni
Tayassu pecari
Lepus capensis
Barbastella barbastellus
Microcebus coquereli
Talpa occidentalis
Akodon mansoensis Equus burchellii
Enhydra lutris
Taphozous kapalgensis
Microtus sikimensis
Aotus infulatus
Myotis levis
Paraxerus ochraceus
Talpa levantis
Sorex pacificus
Beamys hindei
Microtus umbrosus Peromyscus perfulvus
Pipistrellus kitcheneri
Sciurus yucatanensis
Plagiodontia aedium
Diphylla ecaudata Peromyscus grandis
Peromyscus simulus
Callicebus oenanthe
Gerbillus stigmonyx Spermophilus canus
Berardius arnuxii
Mops condylurus Reithrodontomys microdon
Vulpes cana
Cercopithecus campbelli
Microtus kirgisorum
Saguinus imperator
Meriones rex
Eliurus penicillatus
Echymipera rufescens
Crocidura lanosa
Thomomys bottae
Cryptotis gracilis
Alcelaphus buselaphus
Peromyscus gymnotis
Macaca cyclopis
Sturnira ludovici Microtus maximowiczii
Carterodon sulcidens
Oryzomys rostratus
Liomys adspersus
Pipistrellus dormeri
Echimys braziliensis
Pipistrellus imbricatus
Belomys pearsonii
Kunsia fronto
Aotus vociferans
Molossus pretiosus
Geoxus valdivianus
Gerbillus campestris
Leontopithecus chrysomelas
Prometheomys schaposchnikowi
Arvicanthis niloticus
Ctenomys australis
Batomys granti Mungos mungo
Peromyscus hooperi
Proechimys hoplomyoides
Planigale novaeguineae
Notiomys edwardsii
Glironia venusta
Myotis brandti
Mus famulus Pseudomys occidentalis
Clethrionomys gapperi
Semnopithecus entellus Bos sauveli
Rhizomys sumatrensisMormopterus planiceps Rupicapra rupicapra
Lipotes vexillifer
Uromys hadrourus
Macrotus waterhousii
Myomys verreauxii
Myotis formosus
Crocidura littoralis
Oryzomys legatus Mazama gouazoupira
Mellivora capensis
Sorex isodon
Thomasomys vestitus Lasiurus cinereus
Histiotus macrotus Lasiopodomys mandarinus
Myosciurus pumilio
Reithrodontomys sumichrasti
Euneomys petersoni Theropithecus gelada
Akodon boliviensis
Marmota flaviventris Sus philippensis
Macaca nigra
Mesocapromys auritus Capra nubiana
Miniopterus magnater
Molossus sinaloae
Euroscaptor mizura
Suncus etruscus
Chimarrogale platycephala Myotis californicus
Praomys morio
Taeromys arcuatus Cheirogaleus medius
Dremomys pernyi
Phyllotis haggardi
Miniopterus minor
Scolomys ucayalensis
Aethomys kaiseri Equus zebra
Leopardus pardalis
Tarsius bancanus
Chaerephon johorensis
Scotomanes emarginatus Phodopus campbelli
Melogale moschata
Batomys dentatus
Otomops martiensseni
Orthogeomys cuniculus
Peromyscus levipes
Mesocricetus brandti
Mastomys hildebrandtii Mastomys erythroleucus
Volemys clarkei
Martes pennanti
Rhinolophus virgo
Saimiri sciureus Connochaetes gnou
Crocidura goliath
Mazama chunyi
Crocidura beatus
Myotis sicarius
Phaulomys smithii
Myotis pruinosus
Chaetodipus hispidus Steno bredanensis
Uropsilus andersoni
Pteronotus davyi
Sorex shinto
Genetta thierryi
Mus platythrix Sylvisorex ollula
Cricetulus alticola
Glirulus japonicus
Liomys spectabilis
Ochotona thomasi Eschrichtius robustus
Hipposideros lylei
Pithecia pithecia Madoqua saltiana
Oncifelis colocolo
Cryptotis endersi
Phalanger matanim
Geocapromys brownii
Trichechus manatus
Sminthopsis psammophila Dendrolagus goodfellowi
Lophiomys imhausi
Otaria byronia
Monodelphis americana Mephitis macroura
Spermophilus parryii Lepilemur dorsalis
Erinaceus concolor
Cynocephalus volans
Auliscomys pictus Equus hemionus
Dorcopsis muelleri
Sicista napaea Nyctimene celaeno
Philetor brachypterus Myotis hosonoi
Millardia gleadowi Macaca thibetana
Oligoryzomys microtis Tylonycteris pachypus Peromyscus oreas
Microtus gerbei
Zelotomys hildegardeae Apodemus arianus Sorex sadonis
Sminthopsis griseoventer Trichosurus vulpecula Sylvisorex granti
Hylomyscus parvus Paradipus ctenodactylus
Petaurillus hosei
Coelops frithi
Petromyscus monticularis Eptesicus guineensis
Crocidura picea
Chrotomys gonzalesi Hipposideros doriae
Pipistrellus petersi
Galago alleni
Ailurops ursinus
Rattus leucopus Pteropus griseus
Bandicota indica Sorex preblei Rhinolophus adami
Myotis keenii
Caracal caracal
Cabassous tatouay
Sigmodontomys alfari
Gerbillus jamesi
Tatera afra
Microgale dryas
Lemniscomys hoogstraali
Oxymycterus rufus
Petromyscus shortridgei
Cremnomys elvira
Eligmodontia moreni Pteropus voeltzkowi
Spalax arenarius
Nesokia bunnii Aotus hershkovitzi
Micropteropus intermedius
Sorex daphaenodon
Chlamyphorus retusus Plecotus taivanus
Antechinus swainsonii
Sus salvanius
Mops thersites
Mustela lutreolina
Amblysomus hottentotus
Phalanger vestitus
Artibeus phaeotis
Crocidura monax
Acerodon mackloti
Murina grisea
Tatera phillipsi
Ctenomys maulinus
Rhynchomys isarogensis
Sylvilagus nuttallii
Mops congicusMiniopterus inflatus
Pteropus rufus
Pteromys momonga Cercopithecus sclateri
Oenomys ornatus
Pipistrellus inexspectatus
Petaurus norfolcensis
Grammomys gigas
Hipposideros ridleyi
Delphinapterus leucas
Apodemus chevrieri
Trichys fasciculata
Bullimus luzonicus
Scotoecus albofuscus
Mus cookii
Myosorex cafer
Oryzomys galapagoensis Phyllostomus hastatus
Blarina carolinensis
Elephantulus fuscipes
Chionomys roberti
Gerbillus percivali
Grammomys dolichurus
Akodon iniscatus
Ctenomys talarum
Melomys spechti
Callosciurus inornatus
Hipposideros cervinus
Monodelphis kunsi
Murina rozendaali
Crocidura jenkinsi
Potos flavus Murina aenea
Ctenomys dorsalis
Prionailurus viverrinus Paradoxurus hermaphroditus
Pseudomys glaucus Indopacetus pacificus
Myotis australis
Ochotona pallasi
Micronycteris brachyotis
Cercartetus lepidus
Macaca radiata
Microgale gracilis
Gerbillus latasteiMops sarasinorum
Dasypus novemcinctus Crocidura palawanensis
Martes gwatkinsii
Lestoros inca
Anomalurus beecrofti Dendrolagus lumholtzi
Phyllotis caprinus Tremarctos ornatus
Macrotus californicus
Myomimus roachi
Akodon latebricola
Ellobius talpinus
Blarina brevicauda
Oecomys roberti
Micronycteris schmidtorum
Tamias siskiyou Melonycteris aurantius
Euroscaptor grandisEuroscaptor parvidens
Rattus elaphinus Saccopteryx leptura
Vormela peregusna
Grammomys cometes Capra hircus
Maxomys hylomyoides
Rhogeessa alleni
Euryzygomatomys spinosus
Onychomys arenicola
Stylodipus telum
Tatera valida Tapirus bairdii
Sundasciurus steerii
Lionycteris spurrelli
Mesechinus dauuricus
Chiruromys forbesi Myotis scotti
Crocidura desperata
Myosorex geata
Myotis ozensis
Oreailurus jacobita
Sus barbatus
Myosorex varius
Vandeleuria nolthenii Pseudomys bolami
Akodon nigrita
Otocyon megalotis
Sicista severtzovi
Mus kasaicus
Hipposideros caffer
Eliurus myoxinus
Otomops wroughtoni
Leptomys elegans Canis lupus
Ommatophoca rossii
Crocidura lea
Oryzomys nitidus
Sorex unguiculatus Rhinolophus macrotis
Rattus giluwensis
Akodon olivaceus
Bunomys heinrichi Alouatta palliata
Megadendromus nikolausi
Scapanus townsendii
Apomys hylocoetes
Ichthyomys tweedii
Galerella pulverulenta
Dipus sagitta
Proechimys warreni
Myotis horsfieldii
Pipistrellus affinis
Peromyscus gratus Proechimys albispinus
Meriones unguiculatus
Tamias ochrogenys
Apomys microdon Myotis adversus Crocidura rhoditis
Ratufa bicolor Chironax melanocephalus
Saguinus inustus
Microgale pulla
Microtus pennsylvanicus
Chrysochloris stuhlmanni
Rhipidomys ochrogaster Dobsonia moluccensis
Microgale cowani Cardioderma cor
Atelerix sclateri
Cystophora cristata
Mylomys dybowskii
Dipodomys ingens
Globicephala melas
Allactaga elater
Proechimys simonsi
Thomasomys ischyurus Glossophaga longirostris
Rhinolophus arcuatus
Akodon hershkovitzi Rattus ranjiniae
Oxymycterus hiska
Apodemus peninsulae Lonchophylla robusta
Ornithorhynchus anatinus
Oecomys concolor Pogonomys sylvestris
Eozapus setchuanus
Varecia variegata
Pteropus vetulus
Hapalomys delacouri Solomys ponceleti
Microtus evoronensis
Thomomys umbrinus
Anathana ellioti
Brachylagus idahoensis Lutra maculicollis
Erignathus barbatus
Lutra lutra
Sorex palustris
Proechimys gularis Mydaus javanensis
Callosciurus baluensis Sundasciurus philippinensis
Clethrionomys rufocanus Spermophilus lateralis
Ictonyx striatus
Hipposideros corynophyllus
Kadarsanomys sodyi
Arborimus albipes
Chalinolobus picatus
Ovis dalli
Trichechus inunguis Rhynchocyon petersi
Thomasomys taczanowskii
Melanomys robustulus
Ctenomys peruanus
Rattus exulans Cynocephalus variegatus
Meles meles
Cabassous chacoensis
Malacomys lukolelae
Oryzomys auriventer
Kerivoula picta
Pygoderma bilabiatum
Sminthopsis hirtipes
Rhizomys pruinosus Nycteris woodi
Sminthopsis granulipes
Sciurus granatensis
Grammomys rutilans Cephalophus maxwellii
Dinomys branickii
Gerbillurus paeba
Gerbillus somalicus
Chinchilla lanigera Cephalophus zebra
Rhinolophus thomasi
Acomys russatus Tupaia tana
Thomasomys oreas Microgale pusilla
Talpa europaea
Chaerephon aloysiisabaudiae
Myotis sodalis
Paruromys ursinus
Proechimys urichi
Microdipodops pallidus Epixerus wilsoni
Rhinophylla pumilio
Taeromys punicans Macaca assamensis
Pogonomelomys sevia Oncifelis guigna
Hapalomys longicaudatus Ptenochirus jagori
Hipposideros macrobullatus
Sturnira luisi
Akodon simulator Ailuropoda melanoleuca
Akodon cursor
Arctocebus aureus
Lophocebus albigena
Gracilinanus aceramarcae
Akodon affinis
Proedromys bedfordi
Sus verrucosus
Crocidura pergrisea
Viverra megaspila
Myotis nigricans
Arvicanthis nairobae
Zyzomys palatilis
Petaurista elegans
Microtus juldaschi
Stenella clymene
Ctenomys nattereri Mustela africana
Scotophilus robustus
Ochotona forresti
Cabassous unicinctus
Tamias alpinus
Otomops papuensis
Graphiurus monardi Lagothrix lagotricha
Mesembriomys gouldii
Thyroptera discifera
Moschus chrysogaster
Chaetodipus fallax
Lepilemur ruficaudatus
Melomys moncktoni Canis latrans
Selevinia betpakdalaensis Mesoplodon stejnegeri
Chaetodipus nelsoni
Ctenomys haigi
Pelomys hopkinsi Sylvilagus dicei
Chaerephon russata
Microgale principula
Mops petersoni
Phoca fasciata
Mormopterus norfolkensis
Akodon dolores
Microtus oregoni
Dasycercus byrnei Bassariscus sumichrasti
Ateles fusciceps
Steatomys pratensis
Lepus peguensis
Chiropodomys gliroides
Rhabdomys pumilio
Gerbillus andersoni
Conilurus penicillatus
Dephomys eburnea
Gerbillus pyramidum
Gorilla gorilla
Elephantulus rozeti Kerivoula minuta
Rhinolophus luctus
Dasypus pilosus
Taterillus congicus
Sylvilagus aquaticus Bdeogale jacksoni
Phacochoerus africanus
Kerivoula phalaena
Papagomys armandvillei
Chalinolobus variegatus
Eptesicus brunneus
Procyon minor
Sminthopsis butleri
Mus musculoides
Thomasomys aureus
Typhlomys cinereus
Chaetodipus californicus
Antrozous dubiaquercus
Ctenomys occultus Podoxymys roraimae
Saguinus labiatus
Muriculus imberbis
Neotoma devia Petaurista philippensis
Rattus hoffmanni
Lasiurus seminolus
Petinomys setosus
Crocidura grandiceps
Echimys blainvillei Alouatta caraya
Idiurus zenkeri Rhinolophus ferrumequinum
Galerella sanguinea
Eptesicus innoxius
Dremomys rufigenis Saguinus geoffroyi
Pelomys fallax
Meriones arimalius
Akodon juninensis Isoodon obesulus
Rattus mollicomulus
Echimys grandis Cynomys ludovicianus Paraxerus vexillarius
Stochomys longicaudatus
Alticola strelzowi
Carpomys phaeurus Aotus azarai
Saccopteryx bilineata
Trachypithecus auratus Felis chaus
Cryptotis goodwini Crocidura dolichura
Poiana richardsonii
Lynx pardinus
Crocidura usambarae Crocidura religiosa
Mystromys albicaudatus Mungotictis decemlineata
Sciurus variegatoides
Akodon illuteus Melomys rattoides
Rattus lugens
Lonchorhina aurita Nyctomys sumichrasti Crocidura orii
Phloeomys pallidus Callosciurus nigrovittatus
Chlorotalpa arendsi Dobsonia emersa
Rattus adustus
Gerbillus diminutus
Saimiri boliviensis
Rhinolophus subbadius
Allactaga hotsoni Dendrolagus ursinus
Baiomys taylori Ctenomys porteousi
Peromyscus zarhynchus
Gerbillus maghrebi
Kannabateomys amblyonyx
Rattus everetti
Mustela kathiah
Gerbillus harwoodi
Gazella leptoceros
Molossops aequatorianus Pipistrellus joffrei Eptesicus tenuipinnis
Antechinus melanurus Carollia brevicauda
Kerodon rupestris
Crocidura bottegoides
Melanomys caliginosus Mustela eversmannii
Nycticeius schlieffeni
Otomys unisulcatus
Clethrionomys californicus
Wallabia bicolor
Nyctalus noctula
Heteromys australis
Lasiopodomys fuscus Eptesicus platyops
Thallomys loringi
Neotoma varia
Cynopterus titthaecheilus
Pantholops hodgsonii Melogale personata
Amblysomus gunningi Nesoscaptor uchidai
Pipistrellus nanus
Tragelaphus strepsiceros
Heteromys desmarestianus
Mosia nigrescens
Hylobates leucogenys Myonycteris torquata
Mimetillus moloneyi
Srilankamys ohiensis Murexia rothschildi
Equus grevyi
Tragelaphus scriptus
Proechimys setosus
Mallomys gunung
Peromyscus sitkensis Pteropus ornatus
Tragelaphus spekii
Callicebus brunneus
Akodon siberiae Crocidura glassi
Rattus fuscipes Procyon maynardi
Pipistrellus circumdatus
Hylomyscus baeri
Oxymycterus akodontius Callosciurus pygerythrus
Hyomys goliath
Octodon degus
Hemibelideus lemuroides
Solomys salamonis
Calomyscus mystax
Rattus stoicus Setonix brachyurus Crocidura erica
Sminthopsis archeri
Cercopithecus petaurista
Kerivoula aerosa
Cansumys canus
Dobsonia peroni
Myopterus whitleyi
Artibeus amplus
Orthogeomys dariensis Callithrix geoffroyi
Proechimys hendeei
Mus caroli
Heteromys nelsoni
Pipistrellus maderensis
Onychogalea fraenata
Alticola stoliczkanus
Uranomys ruddi Hemitragus hylocrius
Reithrodontomys creper
Microtus rossiaemeridionalis
Ochotona iliensis
Hipposideros curtus
Ctenomys tuconax
Artibeus glaucus
Rhipidomys mastacalis
Microtus thomasi
Mus indutus Marmosops noctivagus
Allactaga sibirica
Pongo pygmaeus
Nyctophilus geoffroyi
Gymnobelideus leadbeateri
Trogopterus xanthipes Dendrogale murina
Callicebus caligatus
Gerbillus agag
Molossops mattogrossensis
Bettongia gaimardi
Ochotona collaris
Rhinolophus deckenii
Phoca caspica Neofelis nebulosa
Petinomys fuscocapillus
Grammomys macmillani
Echimys rhipidurus
Nectomys parvipes
Mops mops
Cercocebus galeritus
Dicrostonyx kilangmiutak Tamiasciurus douglasii
Eonycteris major
Gracilinanus microtarsus
Presbytis hosei
Cryptotis squamipes
Hipposideros ater
Lepus brachyurus Halichoerus grypus
Callosciurus quinquestriatus Antidorcas marsupialis
Neacomys tenuipes
Pipistrellus rueppelli
Aethomys bocagei
Thomomys mazama
Hydropotes inermis Suricata suricatta
Myotis myotis
Sorex leucogaster
Microdillus peeli Arctocebus calabarensis
Cynogale bennettii
Physeter catodon
Rattus marmosurus
Gerbillus nancillus
Chaetodipus goldmani
Aotus lemurinus Tupaia gracilis
Monodelphis scalops Myotis longipes
Petaurista nobilis Pteropus pselaphon
Mus cervicolor Zyzomys maini Oreamnos americanus
Sigmodon fulviventer Martes foina
Melomys capensis
Presbytis comata
Ctenomys brasiliensis
Acrobates pygmaeus
Macropus eugenii Bradypus variegatus
Macropus parma
Hyperacrius wynnei
Myosorex rumpii
Leimacomys buettneri Aethalops alecto
Dasymys foxi
Calomys sorellus
Zaedyus pichiy
Petropseudes dahli
Nyctimene aello
Pseudochirops archeri
Arborimus pomo
Vulpes zerda
Melasmothrix naso
Sigmodon leucotis
Stenocephalemys albocaudata Leptailurus serval
Chlorotalpa leucorhina
Marmosa andersoni Sorex coronatus
Gazella granti
Liomys pictus
Mesoplodon bowdoini Pseudalopex sechurae
Sorex granarius Suncus mertensi
Phyllotis gerbillus
Marmosa lepida
Hyperacrius fertilis
Cremnomys blanfordi Ovis canadensis
Lepus californicus
Epixerus ebii Cephalophus leucogaster
Bunomys chrysocomus Heterohyrax brucei
Peromyscus dickeyi Spermophilus townsendii
Lonchothrix emiliae
Rhinopoma muscatellum
Salanoia concolor
Ovibos moschatus Penthetor lucasi
Cryptotis mexicana
Microcavia shiptoni Artibeus hartii
Chroeomys jelskii Hipposideros lekaguli
Crocidura whitakeri
Madoqua piacentinii
Cryptomys zechi Diceros bicornis
Hipposideros fuliginosus
Cryptomys bocagei
Eptesicus brasiliensis
Ictonyx libyca
Ochotona nubrica
Lemniscomys linulus
Pipistrellus coromandra
Boneia bidens
Pseudomys apodemoides
Lepus mandshuricus
Rattus montanus
Funisciurus substriatusFunisciurus isabella
Otomys angoniensis Lepus townsendii
Dasypus kappleri
Bos grunniens
Blarinomys breviceps Sylvilagus insonus
Paraleptomys wilhelmina Macrogalidia musschenbroekii
Otomys maximus Hypsiprymnodon moschatus
Marmota baibacina
Myotis aelleni
Ursus maritimus
Maxomys moi
Eptesicus melckorum
Tupaia minor
Gerbillus grobbeni Molossops temminckii
Grammomys minnae Nyctimene albiventer
Microcebus murinus
Rhinolophus guineensis
Lenothrix canus Nyctereutes procyonoides
Myotis chiloensis
Caperea marginata
Acomys percivali
Sciurus oculatus
Myospalax psilurus
Dicrostonyx vinogradovi
Syconycteris hobbit
Reithrodontomys montanus Cephalophus dorsalis
Saiga tatarica
Crocidura ultima Saccopteryx canescens
Microtus canicaudus
Pseudomys albocinereus Spilocuscus maculatus
Gazella cuvieri
Pipistrellus ariel
Berardius bairdii
Ctenomys magellanicus Chiropotes albinasus
Tupaia nicobarica Phacochoerus aethiopicus
Saimiri ustus
Carpomys melanurus
Callosciurus adamsi
Rhinolophus stheno
Mesoplodon europaeus
Myotis bombinus
Rhinolophus denti
Taphozous australis Rhinolophus alcyone
Proechimys longicaudatus Micronycteris pusilla
Miniopterus pusillus
Marmota marmota
Mesophylla macconnelli
Didelphis virginiana
Maxomys rajah
Lariscus niobe
Rattus enganus
Perognathus amplus
Sturnira magna
Crocidura russula
Aconaemys fuscus
Mormopterus jugularis
Leptomys signatus
Vampyressa melissa
Crunomys fallax Genetta tigrina
Artibeus concolor Histiotus montanus
Pteropus lombocensis Rhinolophus sedulus
Uromys caudimaculatus Crunomys celebensis
Clethrionomys centralis
Galea flavidens Capromys pilorides
Scapanus latimanus
Paracoelops megalotis
Dryomys sichuanensis
Holochilus sciureus Mus minutoides Eptesicus capensis Myotis fortidens
Jaculus orientalis Phascolosorex dorsalis
Nycteris grandis
Mustela nudipes
Ochotona cansus
Cannomys badius Eptesicus bobrinskoi
Pteronura brasiliensis
Trachypithecus geei
Nycteris thebaica
Niviventer confucianus Vulpes rueppellii
Leopardus tigrinus
Petaurus abidi
Akodon spegazzinii Rhinolophus lepidus
Procyon lotor
Dipodomys stephensi
Puma concolor
Rattus annandalei Artibeus anderseni
Neomys anomalus
Orthogeomys grandis
Xeromys myoides
Cavia porcellus
Lophuromys cinereus
Lophuromys sikapusi Sorex haydeni
Sminthopsis youngsoni
Oecomys phaeotis Hipposideros larvatus
Myoxus glis
Peromyscus attwateri Hystrix africaeaustralis
Ovis vignei Oncifelis geoffroyi
Tupaia chrysogaster Melursus ursinus
Cheiromeles torquatus
Raphicerus melanotis
Tarsius dianae
Marmota camtschatica Emballonura alecto
Trachypithecus vetulus
Trachypithecus cristatus Rhynchogale melleri
Melomys rufescens Emballonura dianae
Aotus trivirgatus
Pygathrix avunculus
Hipposideros stenotis
Crocidura zimmeri
Viverricula indica
Phascogale tapoatafa
Leptonycteris nivalis
Bubalus mindorensis
Dipodomys nitratoides Platyrrhinus infuscus Ctenomys perrensis Spermophilus spilosoma Lynx rufus
Steatomys krebsii
Mus musculus Hipposideros dyacorum
Chrysospalax trevelyani Monophyllus plethodon
Orthogeomys hispidus
Chalinolobus superbus
Tympanoctomys barrerae
Scotomanes ornatus
Balionycteris maculata
Sphiggurus vestitus
Nyctophilus timoriensis Hemiechinus micropus
Petaurista magnificus
Meriones libycus
Hylopetes alboniger Aproteles bulmerae
Tamias quadrimaculatus Tragelaphus angasii
Allactaga major Herpestes vitticollis
Eptesicus serotinus
Thomasomys laniger Pelea capreolus
Crocidura fuliginosa
Panthera tigris Ptenochirus minor
Eptesicus flavescens
Sylvisorex morio
Lepilemur mustelinus Kogia breviceps
Rattus jobiensis Aethomys nyikae
Oryzomys melanotis Urocyon cinereoargenteus
Marmosops invictus Emballonura raffrayana
Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
Ateles marginatus
Trichosurus arnhemensis
Cebus albifrons
Spermophilus atricapillus Chrysocyon brachyurus
Hemigalus derbyanus
Chaerephon chapini Pipistrellus mimus
Crocidura grandis
Thomasomys incanus
Wilfredomys pictipes Feresa attenuata
Aethomys namaquensis Petrogale brachyotis
Thomasomys cinereus
Platyrrhinus chocoensis
Rhinolophus inops
Hipposideros megalotis
Rheomys mexicanus Rhinolophus hipposideros
Diplomys caniceps Hipposideros camerunensis
Capra cylindricornis Casinycteris argynnis
Crocidura suaveolens
Ochotona dauurica Pteropus dasymallus
Chiruromys vates
Lasiopodomys brandtii Sylvilagus audubonii
Ningaui ridei
Microtus montebelli
Bos javanicus
Micromys minutus Mustela putorius
Cercopithecus hamlyni Muntiacus reevesi
Macropus rufus
Scotoecus hirundo
Trachypithecus pileatus
Soriculus fumidus
Nycticeius humeralis
Maxomys dollmani
Synaptomys borealis
Spermophilus dauricus
Myotis hasseltii
Calomys callosus Micronycteris megalotis
Peromyscus mayensis
Ratufa affinis
Presbytis femoralis
Sundamys muelleri Distoechurus pennatus
Lagidium viscacia Arctocephalus pusillus
Panthera pardus
Tachyoryctes daemon
Cacajao melanocephalus
Pteropus nitendiensis
Neotoma stephensi
Aselliscus stoliczkanus
Mesomys obscurus Genetta angolensis
Muntiacus atherodes
Sturnira aratathomasi
Ichthyomys hydrobates
Ammodillus imbellis
Myomys fumatus Myotis cobanensis
Hyosciurus heinrichi
Thamnomys kempi Pedetes capensis
Oryzomys balneator
Reithrodontomys burti
Arctictis binturong
Acomys mullah
Gerbillurus setzeri
Myotis riparius
Tatera guineae
Orycteropus afer
Cavia fulgida Eumops maurus
Perameles bougainville
Tamias senex
Mus neavei Rhinolophus mitratus
Ardops nichollsi
Taphozous philippinensis
Sundasciurus moellendorffi
Mus baoulei
Plecotus mexicanus
Callicebus torquatus
Rhinolophus rex
Micronycteris minuta Myotis milleri
Bassaricyon gabbii
Chalinolobus dwyeri
Rattus rattus
Gerbillus gleadowiMops niveiventer
Peroryctes raffrayana
Microtus socialis
Graphiurus lorraineus
Chlorotalpa duthieae Lonchophylla handleyi
Peromyscus stirtoni
Dicrostonyx rubricatus
Pogonomelomys bruijni
Pseudomys fuscus Felis margarita
Pipistrellus aegyptius
Peromyscus nasutus Lepus castroviejoi
Crocidura harenna
Tolypeutes matacus Erophylla sezekorni
Nannospalax nehringi
Echimys pictus
Agouti taczanowskii
Myrmecobius fasciatus
Neacomys spinosus Lagidium peruanum
Rattus mordax Suncus fellowesgordoni
Laephotis botswanae Murina tubinaris Oecomys mamorae
Orthogeomys cherriei Paraxerus palliatus
Nannospalax ehrenbergi
Gerbillus bilensis
Chimarrogale hantu
Choloepus hoffmanni<
