The micro-culture of a mathematics classroom: artefacts and activity in meaning making and problem solving

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(27) 'OLC; 1SAINMES'OLC; ;@CH;FFS;LAO?> CM;>SH;GC=I@ =B;HA?M;H>L?P?LM;FMQB?L?H;NOL;FJLI=?MM?MI@>?P?FIJG?HN;L?CH; >C;F?=NC=;FL?F;NCIHMBCJL;CM?> CH=L?;M?> CHN?LH;FCM?>;H>QC>?H?>NI BCAB?LG?HN;F@OH=NCIHM Education Q;MNB?L?@IL?NB?>?P?FIJG?HNI@ FIQ?L@OH=NCIHMNIBCAB?LILcultural forms of behaviour 1SAINMESdM;H;FSNC=;F@ILGOF;NCIHMF?>NINBL??JLI@IOH>=IHM?. KO?H=?M !CLMNFS CNF?>BCGNI@ILGOF;N?;law of human development HS@OH=NCIHCHNB?=BCF>dM=OFNOL;F>?P?FIJG?HN;JJ?;LMNQC=? ILIHNQI JF;H?M !CLMNCN;JJ?;LMIHNB?MI=C;FJF;H? ;H>NB?HIHNB?JMS=BIFIAC=;FJF;H? !CLMNCN;JJ?;LM<?NQ??HJ?IJF?;M;HCHN?LJMS=BIFIAC=;F=;N?AILS ;H>NB?H QCNBCHNB?=BCF>;M;HCHNL;JMS=BIFIAC=;F=;N?AILS a2?G;S=IHMC>?LNBCMJIMC. NCIH;M;F;QCHNB?@OFFM?HM?I@NB?QIL> <ONCMAI?MQCNBIONM;SCHANB;Ninternalisation transformsthe process itself;H>=B;HA?MCNMMNLO=NOL?;H>@OH=NCIH .I=C;FL?F;NCIHMILrelations among peopleunderlieall higher functions;H>NB?CL L?F;NCIHMBCJM a/B?L?@IL?sociogenesis of higher forms of behaviour is the basic goaltoward which the child’s cultural developmentF?;>MOM 1SAINMES ; JJ ?GJB;MCM;>>?>. $NCMNB?JLI=?MMI@CHN?LH;FCM;NCIHG?HNCIH?>;<IP? NB;N@ILGMNB?<;MCM @IL=OFNOL;F>?P?FIJG?HN .CH=?CNQ;Minterpsychological functionsNB;N F?>NIintrapsychological functions 1SAINMESMCGOFN;H?IOMFSJICHN?> NINQIL?F;N?>@;=?NMMI=C;FL?F;NCIHMBCJM;H>MI=C;FAI;FMQBC=BOH>?LFC? ;H;FSMCMI@BOG;H=OFNOL;F>?P?FIJG?HN /B?M?=IH>=IHM?KO?H=?Q;MCH=IHH?=NCHANB?LIF?I@G?>C;N?>;=. NCPCNSMSG<IFC=G?>C;NILM;H>NIIFMNIvoluntary behaviour 1SAINMES 1SAINMES =<;LAO?>NB;N;FFMCAH;=NCPCNC?MFCE?L?;>CHA QLCNCHA;H>=IOHNCHA;H> PIFOHN;LS;NN?HNCIH FIAC=;FG?GILS;H>BCAB?L @ILGMI@J?L=?JNCIH;H>GIP?G?HN Q?L?IH?ECH>I@JB?HIG?H; /B?M? @OH=NCIHML?;FCM?>;M;L?MOFNI@MI=C;F;H>=OFNOL;F>C;F?=NC=;FJLI=?MM?M B;>NQI@?;NOL?M !CLMNFS MJ??=BL;CM?>;=NCIH@ILG?LFSCH>?J?H>?HNI@ MJ??=BNI;BCAB?LF?P?F .?=IH>FS CHMI>ICHAMJ??=BMO<IL>CH;N?>BO. G;H;=NCIHNICH>CPC>O;FQCFF G;ECHABOG;H;=NCIHPIFOHN;LS 1SAINMES ; J;LAO?>cC@NB?;=NCH>?J?H>?HNI@NB?QIL> MN;H>M;NNB? <?ACHHCHAI@>?P?FIJG?HN NB?H;NCNM?H>MN;H>MNB?QIL><?=IGCHANB? ;=N /B?QIL> QBC=BG;E?MNB?;=NCIHI@G;H@L?? d /B?NBCL>=IHM?KO?H=?I@1SAINMESdM@ILGOF;NCIHCML?F;N?>NINB?OM? I@;ORCFC;LSG?;HM 1SAINMES><?RJF;CH?>NB;NCHNB?OM?I@ NIIFMBOG;HMIP?L=;G?NB?CLJBSMC=;FFCGCN;NCIHM;H>?HN?L?>;@ILGI@ >?P?FIJG?HNQB?L?<CIFIAC=;F;H>=OFNOL;FJLI=?MM?MG?LA?> $HL?=IAHC. NCIHI@MO=B;JLI=?MM 1SAINMES>?N;CF?>NB?role of culture;M@IFFIQM /B?=IH=FOMCIHCMNBCM=OFNOL?=L?;N?MMJ?=C;F@ILGMI@<?B;PCIOL CNGI>C@C?MNB? ;=NCPCNSI@G?HN;F@OH=NCIHM CN=IHMNLO=NMH?QMOJ?LMNLO=NOL?MCHNB?>?P?FIJCHA MSMN?GI@BOG;H<?B;PCIOL a$HNB?JLI=?MMI@BCMNILC=;F>?P?FIJG?HN MI=C;F G;H=B;HA?MNB?G?NBI>M;H>>?PC=?MI@BCM<?B;PCIOL NL;HM@ILGMH;NOL;FCH. MNCH=NM;H>@OH=NCIHM ;H>>?P?FIJM;H>=L?;N?MH?Q@ILGMI@<?B;PCIOLbMJ?. =C@C=;FFS=OFNOL;F1SAINMES < J /B?GC=LI =OFNOL?I@;G;NB?G;NC=M=F;MMLIIG.

(28) OFNOL?=L?;N?MHINBCHACNGI>C@C?MH;NOL;F>;N;NI=IH@ILGNINB?AI;FMI@G;H 1SAINMES < J . /B?CGJILN;H=?I@1SAINMESdM@ILGOF;NCIH<LCHAMCHNINB?;H;FSMCMI@ N?;=BCHA F?;LHCHA L?=IAHCNCIHI@NB?;=NCP?LIF?I@NB??HPCLIHG?HN NB? CGJILN;H=?I@CHN?LMO<D?=NCP?G?;HCHACHCH>CPC>O;F=IHM=CIOMH?MM;H> NB?CHMNLOG?HN;FLIF?I@MJ??=BIHJ;LQCNBJBSMC=;FNIIFM;H>NB??RN?L. H;F=IHNLIFI@<?B;PCIOLCHAI;F>CL?=N?>;=NCPCNS H;FSM?MI@J;LNC=CJ;. NCIHCHNB?M?L?F;NCIHMBCJMNB;N>?P?FIJBCMNILC=;FFS ?H;<F?C>?HNC@SCHA NB?=OFNOL;F>?P?FIJG?HNI@NB?CH>CPC>O;F $NCMNB?;H;FSNC=;FCGJILN;H=? ACP?HNINB?LIF?I@MI=C;FCHN?L;=NCIH AI;FMI@>?P?FIJG?HN;H>NB??G. JB;MCMIHMSG<IFC=G?>C;NILMCHPIFOHN;LS;=NCIHNB;N$<OCF>GSNB?MCM OJIH $JL?M?HNFSNOLHNINB?LIF?I@MJ??=BCHJL;=NC=;F;=NCPCNS Role of speech in solving problems /IQ;L>MNB?;H;FSMCMI@=IGGOHC=;NCIH 'OLC; I@@?LMNQIL?F?P;HN=IHMNLO=NMNB?LIF?I@MJ??=BCH<?CHA=IH. M=CIOMI@IH?MIQH;<CFCNC?M;H>P?L<;FNBCHECHACH=IH=L?N?JLI=?MM?M $H>CM=OMMCHANB?LIF?I@MJ??=BCH<?CHA=IHM=CIOMI@IH?MIQH;<CFC. NC?M 'OLC;<?A;H<SJICHNCHANINB?functional importance of a word #?I<M?LP?>NB;NNB?;=NCP?QC>?HCHAI@PI=;<OF;LS<S;=BCF> ;N;LIOH> NB?;A?I@@CP? CM;=IHM?KO?H=?I@NB?=BCF><?=;G?=IHM=CIOMI@CNM @OH=NCIH;FCGJILN;H=?;M;MCAH School ?RJ?LC?H=?MCHJ;LNC=OF;L 'OLC; ?RJF;CH?> JLIPC>?>=BCF>L?Hthe opportunity to realise abilities;H> GI<CFCM?@OH=NCIHMBCNB?LNIHINEHIQHNINB?G $HNB?OM?I@;ORCFC;LS G?;HMCHJL;=NC=;F;=NCPCNS 'OLC;JICHN?>NINB?@;=NNB;NIONQ;L>N?=B. HCKO?M<?=;G?JMS=BIFIAC=;F F?;>CHANI;@OH=NCIH;FONCFCM;NCIH<S=BCF. >L?HI@NB?CLIQH<?B;PCIOL $HMO=BONCFCM;NCIHNBIOABNCNM?F@Q;M@ILG?> QCNBNB?B?FJI@QIL>M =IHM?KO?H=?I@NBCM@ILGOF;NCIHQ;MNB;NF;H. AO;A??H;<F?>=BCF>L?HNIAI<?SIH>NB?FCGCNMI@NB?CL?RJ?LC?H=? ;H> >?LCP?=IH=FOMCIHMIHNB?<;MCMI@P?L<;F FIAC=;F=IHMNLO=NCIHM $HMO=B; NL;HMCNCIH=BCF>L?HBOG;HMCHA?H?L;F;L?HINIHFS=IHM=CIOM;=NCP? ;A?HNM <ONL;CM?NB?CL;=NCIHMto a higher level of consciousness LAOCHA;A;CHMNNB?HINCIHI@NBCHECHA<?CHA;JOL?FSG?HN;F;=N 'O. LC;@ILGOF;N?>;MN;A? QCM?MNO>SI@NBCHECHA;M;>SH;GC=;=NCH=IH. =L?N?G;N?LC;F;=NCPCNS 'OLC;dM@ILGOF;NCIHQBC=B$JL?M?HN<?FIQNL;=?M NB?OM?I@MJ??=BCHL?F;NCIHNINB?AI;FMI@;N;ME NB?CGJILN;H=?I@NB? G?;HCHA;H>=BIC=?I@QIL>M;H>NB?OM?I@;FAILCNBGM 'OLC;dMGI>?FCM ;ECHNI+ZFS;dMQ?FFEHIQHMN;A? QCM?JLI=?MMI@JLI<F?GMIFPCHACH G;NB?G;NC=MQBC=B$G?HNCIHCH;F;N?LM?=NCIHIHJLI<F?GMIFPCHA #IQ?P?LNB?JLI=?MMIONFCH?><S'OLC;CH=ILJIL;N?MNB?active role of speech in solving problems ;H;MJ?=NHIN;>>L?MM?>CH+ZFS;dMGI>?F (SL?@?L?H=?NI'OLC;;<IP?CMQCNB;HCHN?HNCIHI@?RJFILCHACHMN;H=?M I@N?;=BCHA F?;LHCHA QB?L?QCNBNB?OM?I@MJ??=BMNO>?HNML;CM?NB?CL ;=NCIHMNI;BCAB?LF?P?FI@=IHM=CIOMH?MMCHMIFPCHAJLI<F?GM /B?GC=LI =OFNOL?I@;G;NB?G;NC=M=F;MMLIIG.

(29) Luria’s stage wise study of concrete processes of thinking . . . . . /B?ILCACHI@NBIOABN<?ACHMCHNB?JL?M?H=?I@=?LN;CH=IH>CNCIHMI@NB?N;ME QB?HNB?MO<D?=NCHP?MNCA;N?MJ;NBMF?;>CHANI;H;>?KO;N?MIFONCIH >CL?=N;NN?GJNNIL?MJIH>CMHING;>?;H>CGJOFMCP?L?MJIHM?M;L?L?MNL;CH?> /BCMF?;>MNICHP?MNCA;NCHA=IH>CNCIHM ;H;FSMCHACNM=IGJIH?HNM L?=IAHCMCHA NB??MM?HNC;F@?;NOL?M;H>=ILL?F;NCHANB?G /BCMJL?FCGCH;LSCHP?MNCA;NCIHCM; PCN;F;H>?MM?HNC;FMN?JQCNBIONQBC=BHICHN?FF?=NO;F;=NN;E?MJF;=? .?F?=NCIHCMG;>?@LIG;HOG<?LI@JIMMC<F?;FN?LH;NCP?M;H>;JF;HM=B?G? @ILNB?J?L@ILG;H=?CM=L?;N?>;FN?LH;NCP?M;L?>?=C>?>ILL?D?=N?> /BCMJB;M? I@NB?CHN?FF?=NO;F;=NCML?A;L>?>;MCNMGIMN?MM?HNC;F=IGJIH?HNQIL>G?;H. CHAMJ;LNC=CJ;N?CHNBIOABN G;ECHANB?CHN?FF?=NO;F;=NOH>?LMN;H>;<F? /BCM ;H;FSMCM;H>=BIC=?I@JIMMC<F?;FN?LH;NCP?M=IHMNCNON?MNB??MM?H=?I@B?OLCMNC=M BIIMCHA;JJLIJLC;N?G?NBI>M;H>=IHMC>?LCHAIJ?L;NCIHM;>?KO;N?@IL;@@?=N. CHAMIFONCIH *J?L;NCIHMCH=FO>?L?;>S G;>?;FAILCNBGMFCHAOCMNC= FIAC=;F;H> HOG?LC=;FQBC=BB;P??PIFP?>CHMI=C;FBCMNILS /B?=BIIMCHAI@IJ?L;NCIHMCM =;FF?>N;=NC=M >CMNCHAOCMBCHACN@LIGNB?MNL;N?AS@ILNB?MIFONCIHI@NB?JLI<F?G 0M?I@IJ?L;NCIHMCMNB?IJ?L;NCP?L;NB?LNB;H=L?;NCP?MN;A? .O==?MMCP??RN?L. H;F;=NCIHMNLC;FM;H>?LLILMJLIAL?MMNIQ;L>MCHN?LH;FMJ??=B .O<D?=NI<N;CHM ;MMCMN;H=?@LIGL?;>SG;>?MSMN?GMFCHAOCMNC=;H>FIAC=;F=I>?MCH>CM=OLMCP? NBCHECHAHOG?LC=;F=I>?M 2?FF;MMCGCF;N?>CHN?LH;F=I>?M@ILG<;MCM@ILCHN?F. F?=NO;FIJ?L;NCIHM;H>JLIPC>?@IOH>;NCIH@ILNB?IJ?L;NCP?MN;A? /B?OM?I@;FAILCNBGMF?;>MNINB?;=NO;FMIFONCIHNINB?JLI<F?GIL>CM=IP?LS I@NB?;HMQ?LNINB?KO?MNCIH?GC?>CHNB?=IH=L?N?ILJL;=NC=;FN;ME IGJ;LCMIHI@NB?L?MOFNMI<N;CH?>QCNBNB?ILCACH;F=IH>CNCIHMI@NB?N;ME $@ NB?L?MOFNM;AL??NB?CHN?FF?=NO;F;=NCM=IGJF?N?ILNB?JLI=?MMGOMN=IHNCHO? OHNCF;H;>?KO;N?MIFONCIHCM@IOH> (I>C@C?>@LIG'OLC; JJ . Making meaning in ‘activity’ $H;H;H;FSNC=;F;JJLI;=BHINJL?GCM?>IHNB?LIF?I@;ORCFC;LSG?;HM ;LN?@;=NM MJ??=BCH<?B;PCIOL $ONCFCM?NB?;H;FSNC=;F=IH=?JNCIHI@c;=. NCPCNSdCHKOIN?MNI>CMNCHAOCMB@LIG?P?LS>;SOM;A?I@'?IHNd?P $>CM. =OMM'?IHNd?PdMINB?L=IH=?JNCIHI@;JJLIJLC;NCIHF;N?L (SCHN?L?MNCH >CM=OMMCHAc;=NCPCNSdCMQCNB;HCHN?HNCIHI@;JJFSCHANBCM=IH=?JNCIH;M <INBFI=;NCIH;H>I<D?=NI@;H;FSMCMNI?FC=CNL?F;NCIH;FNL;HM@ILG;NCIHM NB;NN;E?JF;=?CHMNO>?HN;NN?GJNM;NAI;F >CL?=N?>N;MEM ;M?>IHNB?QLCNCHAMI@'?IHNd?P<=BCM MIH'?IHNd?P;;H>&ITOFCH $@CLMN>CM=OMMBCM?GJB;MCMIH BOG;H=IHM=CIOMH?MM;Msocial consciousnessIL=I EHIQF?>A? L;Q. CHAOJIH1SAINMES '?IHNd?P?RJF;CH?>NB;NCH;HSJL;=NC=;F;=NCPCNS =IHM=CIOMH?MMCMHINACP?H@LIGNB?<?ACHHCHA;H>CNCMHINJLI>O=?><SH;NOL?CN CMJLI>O=NI@MI=C?NS CNCMproducedaCNCM;JLI<F?G@ILJMS=BIFIAS ;HI<D?=N I@=IH=L?N?CHP?MNCA;NCIHaCHN?LH;FCT;NCIHCMHINNB?transferralI@;H?RN?LH;F ;=NCPCNSNI;JL??RCMNCHA CHN?LH;FcJF;H?I@=IHM=CIOMH?MMdCNCMNB?JLI=?MMCH QBC=BNBCMCHN?LH;FJF;H?CMformed '?IHN?P = JJ . '?IHNd?PJL?GCM?>F;<IOL;MNB?G?>C;NCHAJICHN<?NQ??H;MO<D?=N;H> NB??RN?LH;FQILF>CH;HSG;N?LC;F MI=C;F;H>I<D?=N >LCP?H;=NCPCNS #? ;LAO?>NB;NNB?>?P?FIJG?HNI@G?;HCHA=IOF>HIN<??RJF;CH?><SP?L. /B?GC=LI =OFNOL?I@;G;NB?G;NC=M=F;MMLIIG.

(30) <;F=IGGOHC=;NCIH;FIH? <ON;FMI<SNB?=BCF>dMI<D?=NCP?L?;FCNS $Hc;=. NCPCNSdG;HJL?M?HN?>BCGM?F@;M;HI<D?=NI@;>;JN;NCIHCHQBC=BB?=L?. ;N?>=IH>CNCIHM;H>G?;HMconsciously realisableCHJL;=NC=? 2CNBCHc;=NCPCNSd'?IHNd?P>CMNCHAOCMB?>NBL??;MJ?=NMactivitiesNB;N @ILG?>NB?<;MCMI@GINCP?MNIQ;L>MQBC=BNB?SQ?L?ILC?HN?>actions NB;N;L?=;LLC?>IONIHNB?<;MCMI@AI;FM;H>operationsNB;N;L?=IH. >O=N?>IHNB?<;MCMI@CHMNLOG?HN;F=IH>CNCIHM 2?LNM=BI<M?LP?M NB?NBL??F?P?F;H;FSMCMI@c;=NCPCNSd NI<?;HILCACH;F=IHNLC<ONCIHI@'?. IHNd?P ;H>JICHNMIONNB;NNB?MNO>SI@MNLO=NOL;F=B;L;=N?LCMNC=MI@JL;=. NC=;F;=NCPCNSCM;@?;NOL?CH-OMMC;HJMS=BIFIAS;<M?HNCH2?MN?LHJMS. =BIFIAS QB?L?<?B;PCIOLCMCHP?MNCA;N?>L?A;L>F?MMI@AI;FM /B?JL?GCM?I@NB?NB?ILSI@c;=NCPCNSdCMNB;NEHIQF?>A?I@NB?QILF> CMG?>C;N?><SIOLinteraction with its materiality '?IHNd?P?RJF;CH?> NB;NNB?@ILG;NCIHI@C>?;MQ;M@LIGG;N?LC;FJL;=NC=?;H>NB;NNB?MNLO=. NOL?I@BOG;HNBCHECHA=B;HA?>CH=ILL?MJIH>?H=?QCNBNB?MNLO=NOL?I@ MI=C;FCHN?L;=NCIH;H>=IOF>HIN?RCMNIONMC>?CNMG;N?LC;FCNS c=NCPCNSd G?>C;N?>NB?=IHH?=NCIHM<?NQ??HMO<D?=N;H>I<D?=NNI=ILL?MJIH>CHA AI;FM;H>G?;HM $Hc;=NCPCNSdNB?I<D?=NQ;MNL;HM@ILG?>CHNICNMMO<D?=. NCP?@ILG;H>;NNB?M;G?NCG?=IHP?LN?>CHNII<D?=NCP?L?MOFNM;H>JLI>. O=NM $HMOGG;LSQCNBCHc;=NCPCNSdthe individual is objectivised;H>CH NB?CH>CPC>O;F the object is subjectivised '?IHNd?P;LAO?>;A;CHMNOH>?LMN;H>CHABOG;H;=NCPCNS;ML?F;NCIH. MBCJM<?NQ??HCH>CPC>O;FM;H>MI=C?NS #?I<M?LP?>NB;NCHMI=C?NSBO. G;HM>IHIN@CH>?RN?LH;F=IH>CNCIHMNIQBC=BNB?SB;P?NI;>;JN<ON MI=C;F=IH>CNCIHMNB;N<?;LGINCP?M;H>AI;FMI@c;=NCPCNSd .I=C?NSJLI. >O=?MNB?;=NCPCNSI@CH>CPC>O;FM;H><LCHAMBOG;HMCHNIJL;=NC=;F=IHN;=N QCNBI<D?=NM QBC=B=B;HA? ?HLC=B;H>NL;HM@ILGNB?c;=NCPCNSd '?IHNd?P?RJF;CH?>NB;Nc;=NCPCNC?Md>C@@?L>?J?H>CHAIHNB?CLI<D?=NM QB?L?;MJ?=C@C=c;=NCPCNSd;HMQ?LM;MJ?=C@C=H??>I@NB?;=NCP?;A?HN GIP?MNIQ;L>MNB?I<D?=NI@CNMH??>;H>CMN?LGCH;N?>QB?HM;NCM@C?> $H ;HS=IH=L?N?JLI=?MM ;=NCIHMIL=B;CHMI@;=NCIHM;L?CHN?LH;FFS=IH. H?=N?>;H>IH?;H>NB?M;G?;=NCIH=;H<?CHMNLOG?HN;FCHL?;FCMCHA>C@. @?L?HNc;=NCPCNC?Md MJ;LNI@;HSQ?FF >?P?FIJ?>c;=NCPCNSd?P?LS;=NCIH ;J;LN@LIGB;PCHA;HCHN?HNCIH;FJ;LNI@QB;NGOMN<?>IH? B;M;HIJ. ?L;NCIH;F;MJ?=NI@BIQCN=;H<?>IH? .O=BCHN?HNCIH;FCNSCMdefinedHIN <SNB?AI;FCNM?F@ <ONby the objective circumstancesIL=IH>CNCIHMOH. >?LQBC=BNB?c;=NCPCNSdCM=;LLC?>ION '?IHNd?P@OLNB?L;LAO?>NB;NCNCMHINMO@@C=C?HN@IL;MO<D?=NNI<?;<. MIL<?>CHNIc;=NCPCNSd;H>CNMG;N?LC;FJLIJ?LNC?M <ONMBIOF><?NL;HM. @ILG?>in a way recognisable to the subject .O=B;NL;HM@ILG;NCIHB? M;C>NIIEJF;=?NBLIOABF;HAO;A? QBC=B=;LLC?MG?;HCHA;<ION=IHN?HN FC<?L;N?>@LIGG;N?LC;FCNS '?IHNd?P;LAO?>NB;NG?;HCHAMCHN?LJL?N?>NB? QILF>;H>Q?L?NB?GIMNCGJILN;HNc@ILG?LMdI@BOG;H=IHM=CIOMH?MM /B?GC=LI =OFNOL?I@;G;NB?G;NC=M=F;MMLIIG.

(31) !CH;FFS'?IHNd?P;LAO?>NB;N;FNBIOABF;HAO;A?=;LLC?>G?;HCHA language Q;M not the creator of meaning ?BCH>FCHAOCMNC=G?;HCHA BC>?MI=C;FFS>?P?FIJ?>G?NBI>MI@;=NCIHCHQBC=BJ?IJF?J?L=?CP?I<. D?=NCP?L?;FCNS (?;HCHAM;L?HIN;MO<D?=NCHJMS=BIFIAS <ON<?=IG?CNM MO<D?=NQB?HN;E?HCHNB?MSMN?GI@MI=C;FL?F;NCIHM $HINB?LQIL>M G?;HCHAML?JL?M?HN;HC>?;F@ILGI@NB??RCMN?H=?I@NB?I<D?=NCP?QILF> CNM JLIJ?LNC?M =IHH?=NCIHM;H>L?F;NCIHMBCJM >CM=FIM?><S=IIJ?L;NCP?MI=C;FJL;=. NC=? NL;HM@ILG?>;H>BC>>?HCHNB?G;N?LC;FI@F;HAO;A? '?IHN?P J. '?IHNd?P?RJF;CH?>NB;NNB?JLI=?MMI@G;MN?LCHAG?;HCHAM<SNB?=BCF> CH?RN?LH;F;=NCPCNSCHPIFP?M@IOLMN;A?M=IH=L?N?G?;HCHA@LIGI<D?=NM G;MN?LSI@JOL?FSFIAC=;FIJ?L;NCIHM CHN?LH;FCM;NCIHI@?RN?LH;FG?;HCHAM ;H>=IH=?JNM ;H>@CH;FFSCHN?LH;FG?HN;F;=NCPCNSCHNB?JF;H?I@=IH. M=CIOMH?MM $HL?F;NCIHNINB?=IH=?JNI@BOG;H=IHM=CIOMH?MMQCNB QBC=B$<?A;H '?IHNd?P;LAO?>NB;N;NNB?<?ACHHCHAI@NB?@ILG;NCIHI@ =IHM=CIOMH?MMMI=C;F=IHM=CIOMH?MM G?;HCHAG?LA?>QCNBJ?LMIH;F M?HM?QBC=B=IHH?=N?>NB?L?;FCNSI@;MO<D?=NdMIQHFC@?CHBCMQILF> Personal senseQ;M;FQ;SMa sense of something (SCHN?L?MNCHNB?c;=NCPCNSdI@'?IHNd?P CMNI;@@IL>CH;H;FSMCM;H ?GJB;MCMIHNB?=IH=L?N?IJ?L;NCIHMNB;N=IHMNCNON?MJ?=C@C=;=NCPCNS;H> NB?NL;HM@ILG;NCIHI@G?;HCHA;H>;=NCIHMQCNBCHMJ?=C@C=N;MEM CHJOL. MOCNI@<INBCGG?>C;N?;H>FIHAN?LGA;IFM /BIOABCHN?H>?>@IL;H;FS. MCMI@AI;F >CL?=N?>N;MEM NB?J?LMJ?=NCP?MI@c;=NCPCNSdOH>?LJCH<INB JLI<F?GMIFPCHA;H>G?;HCHAG;ECHA #IQ?P?L ;HS;JJFC=;NCIHCMQCNB ;HI<D?=NCP?I@OH>?LMN;H>CHANB?N?;=BCHA F?;LHCHAI@NB?=F;MMLIIG;M; GC=LI =OFNOL? QBIM?FCHAOCMNC=;MJ?=NM$HIQNOLH>CM=OMMCIHNI Consciousness and utterance !LIGNB?QLCNCHAMI@;EBNCH1IFIgCHIP #IFKOCMN $L?@?LNINB?HINCIHI@=IHM=CIOMH?MM NB?MCNO;N?>H?MMI@ONN?L. ;H=?M;H>G?;HCHA NB?G;N?LC;FCNSI@MCAHM;H>BCMHINCIHI@MJ??=BA?H. L?M $>L;QIH;EBNCH;A;CHQBCF?>CM=OMMCHANB?5+I@1SAINMES (S CHN?L?MNCH>CM=OMMCHANB?M?=IH=?JNCIHMI@;EBNCHCMNIQ;L>M;H;FSMCMI@ NB?H;NOL?I@ONN?L;H=?M;H>G?;HCHA CH;HS=IGGOHC=;NCIHNIQ;L>MNB? N?;=BCHA F?;LHCHAI@G;NB?G;NC=MCHNB?=F;MMLIIG $H;@L;G?QILEMCH=?=;FF?>dialogism ;EBNCHdM;JJLI;=BNI;HS MCNO;NCIHCMHIN;H;<MIFON?IH?<ON;L?F;NCP?IH? >??JFS=IHH?=N?>NI QB;NCMM;C> QB;NCMG?;HN;H>NB?HINCIHI@M?F@;H>=IHM=CIOMH?MM NB?ONN?L;H=?CM;>??> CNCM;=NCP? JLI>O=NCP?CNL?MIFP?M;MCNO;NCIH <LCHAMCNNI ;H?P;FO;NCP?=IH=FOMCIH@ILNB?GIG?HN;NF?;MN IL?RN?H>M;=NCIHCHNINB?@O. NOL? $HINB?LQIL>M =IHM=CIOMH?MMCMNB?G?>COG;H>ONN?L;H=?NB?MJ?=C@C= G?;HM<SQBC=BNQIINB?LQCM?>CMJ;L;N??F?G?HNMbNB?KOC=EH?MMI@?RJ?LC?H=? ;H>NB?G;N?LC;FCNSI@F;HAO;A?b;L?B;LH?MM?>CHNI;PIF;NCF?OHCNS CM=IOLM? >I?MHINL?@F?=N;MCNO;NCIH CNCM;MCNO;NCIH #IFKOCMN J. $H>?M=LC<CHAconsciousness as medium;H>discourse the situation ;EBNCH?RN?H>MNB?;H;FSMCMI@G?;HCHAG;ECHA;M;=NCP?FSJLI>O=?> /B?GC=LI =OFNOL?I@;G;NB?G;NC=M=F;MMLIIG.

(32) ;H>=IHMNCNON?><SNB?G??NCHAIL>C;FIAO?I@NQI=IHM=CIOMH?MM?M $H ;=EHIQF?>ACHANB?HINCIHI@M?F@;M<?CHACHL?F;NCIHNI;HINB?L ;EBNCH CMCH;AL??G?HNQCNB1SAINMES;H>'?IHNd?P #?BIQ?P?L@ILQ;L>MNB? HINCIHNB;NF;HAO;A?;H>M?F@;MNB?MCN?I@G?;HCHA?RCMNCHIL>?LNI G?;H ;H>NB;NNB?=IHN?RNMI@;HS>C;FIAO?;L?QCNBIONFCGCN ;EBNCH;LAO?>NB;NNB?L?CMH?P?LIH?G?;HCHA;FIH? <ON;=IHNCHO. IOMMNLOAAF?<?NQ??H=IFF?=NCIHMI@=IHN?MN?>G?;HCHAMCH;HSMCNO;NCIH /IQ;L>M;H;FSMCMI@NB?H;NOL?I@G?;HCHAG;>?<SCH>CPC>O;FMCH;HS ACP?H=IHN?RNILMCNO;NCIH ;EBNCH J ?GJB;MCM;>>?>I<. M?LP?>c/B?CHN?LJL?N;NCIHI@contextual meanings=;HHIN<?M=C?HNC@C= <ONCNCMprofoundly cognitive $N=;H>CL?=NFSM?LP?JL;=NC=? JL;=NC=?NB;N >?;FMQCNBNBCHAM d$HMNL?MMCHANB?contextual nature of meaning ;E. BNCH>L?Q;NN?HNCIHNINB?=IAHCNCP?H;NOL?I@G?;HCHAG;ECHACHG;N?LC;F JL;=NC=?M ;H;MJ?=N;LAO?>CHc;=NCPCNSd<S'?IHNd?P MNINB?CGJILN;H=?I@=IHN?RNO;F =IAHCNCP?ILJ?LMIH;FG?;HCHA QBC=B;M;LAO?>?;LFC?L@ILG?>NB?<;MCM@ILJLIJIMCNCIH;FEHIQCHA ;EBNCH J;LAO?>cIGJF?N?G;RCGOGL?C@C=;NCIHQIOF> CH?PCN;<FSF?;>NINB?>CM;JJ?;L;H=?I@NB?CH@CHCNO>?;H><INNIGF?MMH?MM I@G?;HCHA;HSG?;HCHA d;EBNCH;FMI?RJF;CH?>NB;Nany meaning =;G?;<IONIHFSNBLIOABNB?medium and materiality of signs .CAHM ?RCMN?>IHFSC@NB?SG?;HNMIG?NBCHANINBIM?QBIOM?>NB?G ;M?> OJIHNBCM#IFKOCMN J;LAO?Mc(?;HCHA=IG?M;<IONCH<INB NB?CH>CPC>O;FJMS=B?;H>CHMB;L?>MI=C;F?RJ?LC?H=?NBLIOABNB?G?. >COGI@NB?MCAH @ILCH<INBMJB?L?MOH>?LMN;H>CHA=IG?M;<ION;M;L?. MJIHM?NI;MCAHQCNBMCAHM d $HMCAHM<?CHAG?>COG #IFKOCMNMNL?MM?MNQI@?;NOL?M !CLMNFS NB;N MCAHM;L?NB?G?>COG@IL<INBCH>CPC>O;F;H>MB;L?>MI=C;F?RJ?LC?H=?M .?=IH>FS NB;NOH>?LMN;H>CHA=;H<?;H;FSM?><S;L?MJIHM?NIMCAHMQCNB MCAHM /BCM?RJF;H;NCIH;NN?MNMNINB?;=NCP?H;NOL?I@OH>?LMN;H>CHACH ;HSM?NNCHA QB?L?;EBNCHdM>C=NOGCMNB;Nc?P?LSQIL>JLIPIE?MCNM =IOHN?LQIL>d M;=;LLC?LI@G?;HCHA;EBNCHM;C>wordsQ?L?CH. PIFP?>CH?P?LSMJB?L?I@;=NCPCNS;H>Q?L?NB?most sensitive indexof social change #IQ?P?LOHFCE?NB?cBCAB?LdMSHNB?MCMI@1SAINMES;H> 'OLC; ;EBNCHL?=IGG?H>?>;HIJ?H ?H>?>;JJLI;=B F?;>CHANIBCM INB?L@;GIOM>C=NOGNB;NcNB?L?CMH?CNB?L;@CLMNQIL>HIL;F;MNQIL>d ;EBNCH;LAO?>@IL;HCGJIMMC<CFCNSI@=FIMOL?CHG?;HCHA;H>G?;H. CHAG;ECHA #?BIQ?P?LL?=IAHCM?>NB?MN;<CFCNSI@@ILGMI@ONN?L;H=?M ;MMI=C;N?>QCNB;J;LNC=OF;LMJB?L?I@=IGGOHC=;NCIH .O=BONN?L;H=?M QBC=B@ILG?>a speech genreQ?L?CHB?L?HNFSCHN?L;=NCP? ;HNC=CJ;N?>; L?MJIHM?;H>JL?MOJJIM?>;HINB?L *==OJSCHA;>?@CHCN?JIMCNCIHCH; MJB?L?I@=IGGOHC=;NCIH NB?SQ?L?>?N?LGCH?>;H>L?F;N?>NIHINIHFS JL?=?>CHA<ONMO<M?KO?HNFCHEMCH=IGGOHC=;NCIH ?CHAMICH@ILG?> $ HIQ>CM=OMMNB?JIN?HNC;FCNSI@;=OFNOL;F=IH=?JNCIH /B?GC=LI =OFNOL?I@;G;NB?G;NC=M=F;MMLIIG.

(33) A cultural conception: meaning, cognition and artefacts $H>CM=OMMCHA;=OFNOL;F=IH=?JNCIH;H>CHE??JCHAQCNBGS@I=OMIH =IGGOHC=;NCIH $>CM=OMMNB?MCAHC@C=;H=?I@G?;HCHAG;ECHACH;HS=OF. NOL?@IFFIQ?><SNB?LIF?I@;LN?@;=NMCHG?>C;NCHAMB;L?>=IAHCNCIH $ @I=OMIHNBIM?@?;NOL?MNB;N;=OFNOL;F=IH=?JNCIHJLIPC>?MQBC=B?RN?H> NB?J?LMJ?=NCP?M$B;P?>CM=OMM?>MI@;L LOH?L ;;LAO?MNB? JLI=?MMI@G?;HCHAG;ECHA;M<?CHA=?HNL;FNINB?=IHMNCNONCIHI@;HS =OFNOL? 0HFCE?=;OM;FNB?ILC?MQBC=BJLIPC>?;PC?Q@LIGHIQB?L? NB?ILC?MI@=OFNOL?B?;LAO?M;L?CHN?LJL?N;NCP?;H>CFFOGCH;N?NB?G?;H. CHA G;ECHAH;LL;NCP?I@J;LNC=CJ;HNM /B?M?CHN?LJL?N;NCIHM;L?L?F;NCP?NI NB?=OFNOL?J;LNC=CJ;N?>CH;H>JL?I==OJC?>QCNBMCNO;N?>;=NCIH 2CNBCH ;HS=OFNOL? actionCMNB?intentional counterpart of behaviour QCNB NB?KO?MN@ILG?;HCHACNM=;OM?;H>BOG;HH;NOL?CNM=IH>CNCIH LOH?L>?M=LC<?M=OFNOL?;MNB?CGJFC=CNEHIQF?>A?I@NB?QILF>CH QBC=BCH>CPC>O;FMNBLIOABH?AINC;NCIH;=NCHM;NCM@;=NILSQ;SM /BCM?H. ;<F?MG;ECHAG?;HCHA;H>JLIPC>?MNB?N?GJF;N?QCNBQBC=BG?;HCHACM G;>? .CH=?HINIHFS=IHN?HN<ON;MN;H=?NIQ;L>MNB;N=IHN?HNCMA;NB. ?L?> =OFNOL?F?;>MNI=IHM?KO?H=?M;H>NL;HM@ILG;NCIHM HS;=NCP?M?. F?=NCIHI@H?AINC;N?>G?;HCHACM>??JFS=IHH?=N?>NINB?HINCIHI@cM?F@d ;H>NIG?G<?LMBCJCHNB?=IGGOHCNS /B?CHN?LQ?;PCHAI@cM?FP?Md;H> G?;HCHAG;E?MNB?H;NOL?I@meaning making intersubjective OFNOL? NB?L?<S?H;<F?MCH>CPC>O;FMNI?RJL?MMMIFC>;LCNS;H><?=IG?M;@ILOG @ILNB?L?=L?;NCHAI@G?;HCHA 0H>?LMN;H>CHAIH?;HINB?L<?=IG?M;H CGJILN;HNJL?=IH>CNCIH;H>=LO=C;FNICH>CPC>O;F;=NMI@G?;HCHA Meaning making and individualsNB?L?@IL?converge in a culture .O=B;=IH=?JNCIHI@=OFNOL?B;MNBL??=IHM?KO?H=?M !CLMNFS NB? JL?GCM?NB;NCH>CPC>O;FMJ;LNC=CJ;NCHACH;H>L?;FCMCHAG?HN;FJIQ?LM NBLIOAB=OFNOL? G;E?M;MNO>SI@NB?CH>CPC>O;F;FIH?CH=IGJF?N? IH. M?KO?HNFS ;HS;H;FSMCMCMNI<?ILA;HCM?>;LIOH>NB?JO<FC=;H>MB;L?> H;NOL?I@G?;HCHAG;ECHANB;N=IHH?=NMNB?CH>CPC>O;F;H>=OFNOL? !C. H;FFS =IHMC>?L;NCIHI@NB?H;NOL?;H>=IHM?KO?H=?MI@CHN?HNCIH;FMN;N?M I@J;LNC=CJ;HNM?H;<F?ML?@F?=NCHAIH;=OFNOL?dMQ;SI@EHIQCHA $H;HS=OFNOL?NB?idealisation of personal meaningCMconsolidated into a propositional form <SNB?CGJIMCNCIHI@MSHN;=NC=LOF?M;H>=IH. =?JNO;FMSMN?GM LOH?L;LAO?MNB;NCNCMNBCMNL;HM=?H>CHA@LIG;J?L. MIH;FNI;JLIJIMCNCIH;F@ILGNB;NCM;MIOL=?I@=IH@FC=NNINB?CH>CPC>O;F #IQ?P?LCHG;ECHAMO=B;NL;HMCNCIH =OFNOL?JLIPC>?Mrepresentational ready-mades;H>symbolic means MINB;NCH>CPC>O;FM>IHdNMN;LN@LIG M=L;N=B $H;>IJNCHAMO=B;MN;H=? ?>O=;NCIH<?=IG?M;H?GCG?HNI@ =OFNOL?;H>HIN;JL?J;L;NCIH@ILJ;LNC=CJ;NCHACHIH? IHM?KO?HNFS J?>;AIAS<;M?>OJIH;M?F?=NCIHI@G?;HCHA H?AINC;NCIH CHKOCLS;H> L?=L?;NCIHNL?;NMCH>CPC>O;FMc;MC@dNB?SB;>CHN?HNCIH;FMN;N?M /B?GC=LI =OFNOL?I@;G;NB?G;NC=M=F;MMLIIG.

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