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Bröstcancer-Axillkirurgi. Fredrik Wärnberg Sahlgrenska sjukhuset, Göteborg

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(1)

Fredrik Wärnberg

Sahlgrenska sjukhuset, Göteborg

Bröstcancer-Axillkirurgi

(2)

Axillutrymning

Sentinel Lymph Node Studier

Kirurgi-teknik Nyheter

Bröstcancer-Axillkirurgi

(3)

BRÖSTCANCER - AXILLKIRURGI

Staging operation

Cirka 33% har lymfkörtelmetastaser Metastaser leder till tuffare behandling

Generell behandling – cytostatika, antikroppar eller hormonell terapi

Lokal behandling - strålning

(4)

Axillutrymning

Nivå 1-2

10-15 lymfkörtlar

Indicerat vid cN+

(5)

Complete axillary lymph node dissection for stage I-II carcinoma of the breast.

Danforth et al. J Clin Oncol., 1986 May;4(5):655-62.

• Clinically negative axilla : 37.6% positive lymph nodes

• Clinically positive axilla : 11.1% no evidence of metastases

• Lymph node-positive : 29.2% metastases only to level II or III with level I being negative (skip metastases)

Ultraljud har ändrat på detta till en viss del

Viktigt med cytologisk eller biopsiverifikation av metastas

(6)

BRÖSTCANCER - AXILLKIRURGI

Biverkningar

• Nedsatt känsel inre delen av överarmen

• Trötthet och minskad rörlighet i axelleden

• Vingskapula

• Lymfödem

(7)
(8)
(9)

2021-11-10

”KOHORTSTUDIEN”

Ingen Axillkirurgi, 1997-2002

Uppsala/Örebro-, Sydöstra-, Södra-, Norra regionen och Stockholm

N=1543 patienter

Tumörstorlek ≤ 10 mm, Screeningupptäckt, Radikal, Unifokal, Grad 1-2 och Låg S-fas

Ref. Ingvar et al. Long-term outcome of pT1a-b, cN0 breast cancer without axillary dissection or staging:

a prospective observational study of 1543 women. Br J Surg. 2020 Sep;107(10):1299-1306.

(10)

Då kom Sentinel Node!

Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy for breast cancer

Ref. Giuliano AE, Kirgan DM, Guenther JM, Morton DL. Ann Surg. 1994 Sep;220(3):391-8

(11)

2021-11-10 KUB 2021

”KOHORTSTUDIEN”

Ingen Axillkirurgi, 1997-2002

Follow up 15,5 år

• Breast cancer-specific survival rate 93·7%

• 3·0% had an axillary recurrence, which was isolated in only 1·0%

(12)

BRÖSTCANCER - AXILLKIRURGI

III II I

Axillary Lymph Node Dissection

(13)

BRÖSTCANCER - AXILLKIRURGI

III II I

Sentinel Lymph Node

(14)

BRÖSTCANCER - AXILLKIRURGI

Sentinel node

Isotop + Patentblått

Lymfscintigrafi, Technetium99

”Dual technique”

(15)

Multicentre study of detection and false-negative rates in sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer.

Bergkvist et al. Br J Surg. 2001 Dec;88(12):1644-8

• Detection rate 90%

• False-negative rate 11%

Multicentre validation study of sentinel node biopsy for staging in breast cancer.

Bergkvist; SWEBCG, SFFB. Br J Surg. 2005 Oct;92(10):1221-4

• Detection rate 94.5%

• False-negative rate 7.7%

Ten-year report on axillary recurrence after negative sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer from the Swedish Multicentre Cohort Study. Bergkvist L, SFFB. Br J Surg. 2017 Feb;104(3):238-247

• Detection rate 97.1%

• False-negative rate ?

• Axillary recurrences 1.6%. Follow-up 10 years N=2,246

Introduktion i Sverige

(16)

Sentinel Node - 2021

• Kliniskt/ultraljud frisk axill (cN0)

• Oberoende av tumörstorlek

• Unifokal cancer / Multifokal cancer

• Mammografisk BIRAD 4/5:a utan cancerdiagnos

(17)

Sentinel Node - 2021

• DCIS Rekommenderas vid mastektomi eller hög sannolikhet för invasivitet

• Fryssnitt?

• Studier

❑ SenoMic - ingen axillutrymning (cohort studie)

❑ SenoMac – (randomiserad studie, ALND vs. No ALND)

❑ SentiNot 2.0

(18)

Sentinel Node - 2021

Tidigare bröstkirurgi

Detektionsgrad ?-100%

Tidigare axillkirurgi

Detektionsgrad SNB 81.8%, Axillutrymning 75%

Ref. Technical feasibility of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence and previous axillary surgery. Matsumoto A et al. Int J Surg. 2015 Aug 13;22:28-31.

(19)

SNB : postoperative morbidity

• Restricted shoulder range of motion (up to 37.8%, 2 years after surgery)

• Pain (up to 56.6%, 1 month after surgery)

• Paresthesia (up to 15.8%)

• Axillary web syndrome (20.0%)

• Lymph edema (8.2%, 2 years after surgery)

There is also the concern of cost, availability, exposure to radiation and allergic reactions to the blue dye

Andreas Karakatsanis 2016

(20)

Lymfscintigrafi (MRT axill – SPIO)

Lyssna innan - TC99+/- Patentblått eller SPIO Separat snitt / mastektomisnitt

Öppna in till axillfettet

Har du inte sett SN då - lyssna ofta Ta ut SN

Lyssna igen (10% regeln)

Palpera och ta bort misstänkta körtlar (Parasternala körtlar?)

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsi

(21)

N+ (SN+ är en annan patientkategori) Samma snitt – separat snitt

Nivå I-II

Ta bort förstorade eller hårda körtlar

Anpassa kirurgin efter patienten = Skada inte patienten Kärl och nerver identifieras vid behov

Dränage?

Axillutrymning

(22)

SenoMac

1-2 Makrometastaser >2mm

Randomisering Axillutrymning vs. Inte Behandling som N+

Färdiginkluderat till 2021-12-31

(23)

Ref. Galimberti. Axillary dissection versus no axillary dissection in patients with breast cancer and sentinel-node micrometastases (IBCSG 23-01): 10-year follow-up of a randomised, controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018 Oct;19(10):1385-1393.

SenoMic

Mikrometastas, 0,2mm – 2mm

Kohortstudie

Information efter PAD

Ingen axillutrymning. Behandling enligt lokala rutiner Följs med avseende på axillrecidiv och överlevnad

Nu inkluderas de som gjort SNB vid mastektomi

(24)

SentiMag+SPIO

Magnetiskt detektion av sentinel node

Kirurgveckan Karlstad 2014

(25)

Reference: Karakatsanis et al. The Nordic SentiMag trial. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 2016, 157, Issue 2,281–294

Study Detection Detection Concordans

Tc99-PB Sienna+ Tc99-PB / Sienna+

Nordic Study n=206

97.1% 97.6% 98.0%

Meta-analysis

n=1118 96.9% 97.1% 95.9%-99.3%

Nordic study

(26)

+ Logistics easier - A bit clumsy + No need for nuclear medicine dept. - Disturbs MRI + Availability worldwide

+ No allergic reactions + Less costly

SPIO/SentiMag

Hong Kong 2017

(27)

SentiNot 2.0 - DCIS study

54.9% - SLNB unnecessarily in primary pure DCIS

• Minimal risk of metastases

• Morbidity

• Cost

(28)

SentiNot 2.0 DCIS study

SPIO i lgl i mer än 4 veckor

• SPIO sprutas vid primäroperation

• SLNB vid en andra seans om invasiv cancer

• Preoperativ DCIS; Grad 2 >20mm, Grad 3 eller mastektomi

– 4,4 SNB sparas per reop

– SLN hittas även efter mastektomi – 8% reduktion av kostnader

(29)

Axillkirurgi vid preoperativ kemoterapi (NAC)

cN0 SLNB efter NAC1-2 SN(+) cN+ Enligt NVP Axillutrymning cN+ Targeted Axillary Dissection

Märk ut metastas (clip/Magseed) före NAC. Vid operation efter NAC så tas indexnoden och SLNs med. Om CPR (Komplett patologisk respons) så räcker detta. Strålning mot axill.

(30)

Z0011

Axillary dissection vs. no axillary dissection in women with invasive breast cancer and sentinel node metastasis: a randomized clinical trial

Giuliano AE et al. JAMA. 2011 Feb 9;305(6):569-75

1-2 SN(+)

Randomisering: Axillutrymning vs. Inte

Behandling som N+ (Kemoterapi och strålning mot axill)

Ingen överlevnadsskillnad på 10 år

(31)

Amaros

Radiotherapy or surgery of the axilla after a positive sentinel node in breast cancer (EORTC 10981-22023 AMAROS): a randomised,

multicentre, open-label, phase 3 non-inferiority trial

Donker et al. Lancet Oncol. 2014 Nov;15(12):1303-10. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70460-7. Epub 2014 Oct 15

SN+

Randomisering: ALND vs. RT

4823 patients

1425 patients with a positive sentinel node, Median follow-up was 6·1 years

Axillary recurrence 4/744 patients after ALND and 7/681 after RT

5-year axillary recurrence was 0·43% (95% CI 0·00-0·92) after ALND and 1·19% (0·31-2·08) after RT

Ingen överlevnadsskillnad på 10 år

References

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