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I = U

10 [A] UkXkV

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#2 /2i2`KBM2/X

A= y (x0) ∗ (x¹ − x⁰) + (y (x1) − y (x⁰)) ∗ (x¹− x⁰)

2 =

= ((x1− x⁰) ∗



y(x0) + y(x1)

2 − y(x0) 2



= (x1− x⁰) ∗ (y (x¹) + y (x0))

2 UkXjV

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A=

k

X

n=0

 (xn+1− xn) ∗ (y (xn+1) + y (xn)) 2



=

= h ∗

k

X

n=0

 (y (xn+1) + y (xn)) 2

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r = n

pt [rot

s ] UjXRV

q?2`2,

r @ `QiiBQMb T2` b2+QM/

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r= n

p ∗ t = n 2 ∗ 1 = n

2 [rot

s ] UjXkV

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2`v b2+QM/ M/ 7i2` KQpBM;

/i iQ //`2bb- i?2 //`2bb TQBMi2` Bb BM+`2K2Mi2/X

jXRX9 6mM+iBQM Q7 TTHB+iBQM

h?Bb TTHB+iBQM mb2b  +B`+mH` #mz2`X h?Bb K2Mb i?i B7 i?2`2 Bb  +2`iBM MmK#2`

Q7 K2bm`2K2Mib- i?2 //`2bb TQBMi2` Bb `2b2i M/ biQ`BM; Q7 i?2 MmK#2` Q7 TmHb2b bi`ib 7`QK i?2 #2;BMMBM; Q7 i?2 +B`+mH` #mz2` ;BMX h?2 //`2bb TQBMi2` Bb  TH+2 BM K2KQ`v- r?B+? biQ`2b BM7Q`KiBQM #Qmi r?B+? //`2bb rBHH biQ`2 i?2 M2ti K2bm`2K2MiX "bB+HHv- i?Bb TTHB+iBQM rQ`Fb b 7QHHQrb, i?2 S* TTHB+iBQM bi`ib i?2 K2bm`2K2Mi #v HQ/BM;  bT2+B}+ MmK#2` iQ i?2 bi`iBM; #vi2- i?2 K2bm`2K2Mi

TTHB+iBQM BM *?`QM bi`ib +QmMiBM; i?2 TmHb2b M/ biQ`2b i?2B` MmK#2` BM i?2

9e

K2bm`2K2Mi #mz2`X 7i2` QM2 b2+QM/- i?2 +QMi2Mi Q7 K2bm`2K2Mi #mz2` Bb KQp2/

iQ i?2 //`2bb biQ`2/ BM i?2 //`2bb TQBMi2` M/ i?2 K2bm`2K2Mi #mz2` Bb `2b2iX q?2M i?2 +B`+mH` #mz2` Bb }HH2/- i?2 S* TTHB+iBQM bi`ib `2/BM; i?2 /i BMiQ i?2 S*- `2b2ib *?`QMb //`2bb TQBMi2` M/ K2bm`2K2Mi #2;BMb ;BMX h?Bb +v+H2 Bb b?QrM BM };m`2 jXj- M/ i?2 /B;`K BM };m`2 jX8X

6B;m`2 jXj, S`BM+BTH2 Q7 i?2 rBM/ K2i2` TTHB+iBQM

h?2 mb2` BMi2`7+2 Bb i?2 +QKKM/ HBM2X q?2M i?2 TTHB+iBQM bi`ib- Bi bFb 7Q`

 pB`imH +QK TQ`i MmK#2` r?B+? Bb mb2/ 7Q` +QKKmMB+iBQM rBi? >v;`Qb2Mb Ak*

H#FBi- M/ 7i2` b2H2+iBM; i?2 `B;?i QM2- i?2 K2bm`2K2Mi bi`ibX q?2M Mv F2v Bb T`2bb2/- i?2 S* HQ/b i?2 /i 7`QK *?`QM BMiQ i?2 /i }H2X A7  F2v Bb MQi T`2bb2/

#27Q`2 i?2 +B`+mH` #mz2` Bb }HH2/ mT- i?2M HQ/BM; Bb bi`i2/ miQKiB+HHv M/ 7i2`

biQ`BM; i?2 +QMi2Mi Q7 #mz2` iQ S*- i?2 +v+H2 #2;BMb ;BMX h?2 2M/ Q7 ;i?2`BM;

i?2 /i +QK2b rBi?  F2v T`2bbX

6B;m`2 jX9, lb2` BMi2`7+2 Q7 i?2 rBM/ K2i2` TTHB+iBQM

9d

6B;m`2 jX8, .B;`K Q7 i?2 R^bi p2`bBQM Q7 i?2 rBM/ K2i2` TTHB+iBQM

93