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Playing to learn or learning as a prerequisite to play?: an example of mathematical learning content

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[125]%PLAYING%TO%LEARN%OR%LEARNING%AS%A%PREREQUISITE%TO%PLAY?%`%AN%EXAMPLE%OF%MATHEMATICAL%

LEARNING%CONTENT%THE%ABSTRACT%IS%INCLUDED%IN%THE%SELF`ORGANIZED%SYMPOSIUM:%CHALLENGES%IN%

DEVELOPING%PLAY`BASED%DIDACTICS:%A%DEVELOPMENT%AND%RESEARCH%PROJECT%IN%COLLABORATION%

BETWEEN%UNIVERSITY%AND%PRESCHOOL%

! Camilla!Björklund

1

! ,!Maria!!Magnusson

2

! ,!Hanna!!Palmér

3

!%

%

1

Department$of$Education,$Communication$and$Learning$,$Göteborg,$Sweden!

2

Department$of$Education$,$Kalmar,$Sweden!

3

Department$of$Mathematics,$Växjö,$Sweden!

! Research%topic/Aim:% Our!concern!in!this!study!is!the!content!of!learning!in!preschool!that!seems!to!

become!more!and!more!academic!and!differentiating!play!from!learning.!However,!contemporary!

pedagogy!in!Nordic!preschool!education!–!Developmental!pedagogy!–!provides!a!theoretical!basis!for!

consolidating!play!and!learning.!A!recent!project!investigates!this!theory!as!a!framework!for!

developing!preschool!didactics!where!learning!content!is!on!equal!footing!with!play.!Our!aim!with!

this!study!is!to!take!the!example!of!mathematics!and!study!how!mathematical!learning!content!is!

made!possible!to!consolidate!with!and!in!the!context!of!children’s!play.!Interaction!between!teachers!

and!children!and!in!particular!dialogues!where!the!meaning!of!mathematical!concepts!is!challenged!

is!at!the!center!of!attention!in!our!investigation.!

Theoretical%frameworks:! The!theoretical!orientation!is!Developmental!pedagogy.!The!underlining!

theory!has!a!focus!on!the!learner’s!perspective!as!a!necessary!starting!point!and!outcome!of!learning.!

The!learning!content!(what!to!learn)!is!intertwined!with!how!to!learn,!emphasizing!variation!as!a!

necessary!condition!for!learning.!The!teacher’s!role!in!early!childhood!education!can!be!understood!

as!supporting!children’s!awareness!and!senseVmaking!of!a!wide!repertoire!of!phenomena,!for!

example!emergent!literacy!and!different!mathematical!concepts.!Within!this!perspective,!playing!and!

learning!are!seen!as!intertwined.!Metacommunication!is!a!key!concept,!used!in!the!frames!of!play!to!

open!up!for!negotiations!of!meanings!and!frames.!To!establishing!intersubjectivity!–!coordination!of!

perspectives!–!is!considered!central!to!support!children’s!learning!as!well!as!play!and!is!therefore!a!

key!concept!within!this!theoretical!framework. !!

Methodology/research%design:% This!study!is!one!of!several!studies!conducted!within!a!

collaborative!project!including!researchers!and!preschool!teachers!investigating!and!developing!playV based!preschool!didactics.!Our!analysis!focuses!on!the!interaction!between!teacher!and!children,!to!

identify!in!what!ways!the!mathematical!learning!content!is!framed!within!or!outside!the!playVframe.!

Specific!attention!is!directed!towards!the!intersubjectivity,!whether!it!is!established!between!the!

participants!or!not!and!the!consequences!for!the!development!of!the!child’s!play.!The!results!

presented!here!are!based!on!analysis!of!observations!from!a!sample!of!teachers’!documentations!of!

their!playVandVlearning!activities!with!preschool!children. !!

Expected%conclusions/Findings:! Our!analysis!of!the!documentations!of!playVandVlearning!activities!

reveal!two!dichotomies!in!approaches:!One!way!of!introducing!mathematics!to!children!in!their!play!

transforms!it!into!isolated$mathematical$tasks$outside!the!frames!of!the!play,!whereas!the!other!way!

promotes!mathematics!that!is!relevant!to!the!child’s!play!and!opens!up!for!further!exploration!which!

develops$the$child’s$play.!These!different!ways!to!approach!mathematics!are!discussed!in!terms!of!

consequences!for!how!children!respond!to!the!content!and!what!is!made!possible!to!learn. !

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Relevance%for%Nordic%Educational%Research:! Play!and!teaching!in!preschool!is!an!issue!of!current!

debate!in!the!Nordic!countries.!Our!study!will!contribute!to!this!debate!by!pinpointing!what!

characterizes!approaches!that!integrate!content!for!learning!in!play,!for!the!sake!of!the!play. !

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