7H[WHUQDVRPGLVNXUVLYSUDNWLN

'HQ I|UVWD GLPHQVLRQHQ L )DLUFORXJKV WUHGLPHQVLRQHOOD PRGHOO IRNXVHUDUSnSURGXNWLRQGLVWULEXWLRQRFKNRQVXPWLRQDYWH[WHU 'HWWD NDOODV I|U GLVNXUVLY SUDNWLN 0HG KMlOS DY EHJUHSS VRP

LQWHUGLVNXUVLYLWHW PDQLIHVW LQWHUWH[WXDOLWHW RFK LQWHUWH[WXHOOD NHGMRU EOLU

GHWP|MOLJWDWWVNDSDHQELOGDYKXUWH[WHUQDNRPPLWWLOOKXUGH lUXWIRUPDGHI|UYLONHQSXEOLNGHlUWlQNWDRFKKXUGHQVDPPD PRWWDU RFK WRONDU GHVVD _{,QQDQ GHQ HJHQWOLJD DQDO\VHQ DY}

60_{http://www.lotcobistand.org/}_2002-05-20.

61_{LO-TCO biståndsnämnd,}_{)DFNHWI|UlQGUDUYlUOGHQ±RPIDFNOLJW}

ELVWnQGLHQJOREDOLVHUDGYlUOG(Stockholm, 2000).

LO-TCO biståndsnämnd, (QUlWWYLVDUHYlUOG(Stockholm, 2000).

63_Fairclough,_{'LVFRXUVHDQG6RFLDO&KDQJH s. 232. Hur texterna}

mottas, eller konsumeras, kommer ej att vara i fokus då detta inte kan ingå inom ramen för uppsatsens omfång/storlek.

PDWHULDOHW 1lU PDQ GLVNXWHUDU LQWHUGLVNXUVLYLWHW lU GHW WH[WHUQDV VWUXNWXUHOODXSSE\JJQDGWLOOH[HPSHOYLONHQJHQUHWH[WHUQDWLOOK|U RFKWH[WHUQDVVWLOVRPVWnULIRNXV_{1lUPDQWDODURPDWWHQWH[W} WLOOK|UHQYLVVJHQUHPHQDVRIWDVWDWWWH[WHQWLOOK|UHQYLVVW\SDY WH[WHUWLOOH[HPSHOVN|QOLWWHUlUDGHFNDUHNRNE|FNHUSRHVLHOOHU NDQVNHDQVWlOOQLQJVLQWHUYMXHU'HWlULQWHDOOWLGGHWlUVMlOYNODUWL YLONHWIDFNHOOHUJHQUHHQWH[WVNDOOSODFHUDVL9LNWLJWDWWWlQNDSn lUDWWYLGWLOOVNULYDQGHWDYHQWH[WWLOOHQYLVVJHQUHlUGHWLQWHEDUD HQ YLVV W\S DY WH[W VRP DYVHV ROLND WH[WW\SHU SURGXFHUDV GLVWULEXHUDVRFKNRQVXPHUDVRFNVnSnROLNDVlWW7LOOH[HPSHOVn VNLOMHUVLJPRUJRQWLGQLQJVDUWLNODURFKGLNWHUnWLQWHEDUDQlUGHW JlOOHU XWIRUPDQGH XWDQ GH SURGXFHUDV Sn ROLND VlWW J|UV WLOOJlQJOLJDI|UOlVDUHQSnJDQVNDROLNDUWDGHVlWWRFKNRQVXPHUDV ²OlVHVRFKWRONDV²WlPOLJHQROLND +XUlUGHWQXPHGRUJDQLVDWLRQHUQDVWH[WHU"6DPWOLJDWH[WHUlU XWJLYQDDYGHVYHQVNDRIIHQWOLJDRUJDQLVDWLRQHUQD/2UHVSHNWLYH 6YHQVNW1lULQJVOLY0DWHULDOHWlUWLOOJlQJOLJWI|UDOOPlQKHWHQRFK VNDOO VSHJOD RUJDQLVDWLRQHUQDV RIIHQWOLJD nVLNWHU RFK LGpHU $NW|UHUQD YLOO PHG DQGUD RUG XWWU\FND QnJRW PHG VLWW PDWHULDO RFK GlUPHG NDQ VDPWOLJD WH[WHU VlJDV KD HQ SROLWLVN XQGHUWRQ HOOHU EXGVNDS 7URWV GHVVD |YHUJULSDQGH OLNKHWHU lU GHW lQGn P|MOLJWDWWJ|UDHQGLVWLQNWLRQVnWLOOYLGDDWW6YHQVNW1lULQJVOLYV WH[WHUnHQDVLGDQNDQNDUDNWlULVHUDVVRPYHWHQVNDSOLJDUDSSRUWHU

Se exempelvis Fairclough, 'LVFRXUVHDQG6RFLDO&KDQJHs. 68, s. 124-30 och s. 232 samt Fairclough, &ULWLFDO'LVFRXUVH$QDO\VLV, (New York, 1995),s. 10ff.

NRQIHUHQVSURWRNROO UHVSHNWLYH HQ UDSSRUW EDVHUDG Sn UHVXOWDWHW IUnQHQDYRUJDQLVDWLRQHQWLOOVDWWXWUHGQLQJ 1lUGHWJlOOHUGHQVWLOVRPDQYlQGVLWH[WHUQDNDQPDQI|UGHW I|UVWDXUVNLOMDGHQWRQVRPDQYlQGVGHWNDQKDQGODRPIRUPHOO LQIRUPHOORIILFLHOOLQWLPµFDVXDOµRVY_{'HWDNWXHOODPDWHULDOHWKDUHQ} IRUPHOOWRQPHGGHWWDPHQDVDWWGHWH[HPSHOYLVLQWHU|UVLJRP HQPXQWOLJGLDORJXWDQRPGHQHYHQWXHOODRIIHQWOLJDRFKRIILFLHOOD UHVSRQVVRPWH[WHUQDNRPPHUDWWIn7H[WHUQDEOLUHQGHODYGHQ RIIHQWOLJDVDPKlOOVGHEDWWHQRFKNDQGlUI|UEHWUDNWDVVRPOHGLHQ LQWHUWH[WXHOONHGMD9DGJlOOHUWH[WHUQDVIRUP_{U|UGHWVLJPHGHWW} XQGDQWDJRPVNULIWIRUP7LOOVLVWnWHUVWnUGHQUHWRULVNDIRUPHQVRP NDQ NODVVLILFHUD VWLOHQ PHG WHUPHU VRP DUJXPHQWDWLYD RFK

GHVNULSWLYD_{8WLIUnQGHWWDNDQVDPWOLJDWH[WHUNDQEHWUDNWDVVRP}

DUJXPHQWDWLYD VQDUDUH lQ GHVNULSWLYD lYHQ RP PDWHULDOHW VWXQGYLVEDVHUDVSnYHWHQVNDSRFKVWDWLVWLVNDIDNWD

6DPPDQIDWWQLQJVYLV NDQ VlJDV DWW RUJDQLVDWLRQHUQDV WH[WHU VNDOO VSHJODRUJDQLVDWLRQHUQDVRIIHQWOLJDnVLNWHURFKLGpHUYLONHWRFNVn XWWU\FNV JHQRP GH XQGHUOLJJDQGH SROLWLVND EXGVNDS VRP I|UPHGODV 7H[WHUQD NDQ NODVVLILFHUDV VRP DUJXPHQWDWLYD RFK VRP GHODU L HQ LQWHUWH[WXHOO NHGMD GlU WH[WHUQD EOLU LQVODJ L HQ VDPKlOOVSROLWLVN GHEDWW RP JOREDOLVHULQJ 7RQHQ lU IRUPHOO RFK

Det engelska begreppet som används är WHQRU, vilket är svårt att översätta direkt till svenska.

67_Fairclough,_{'LVFRXUVHDQG6RFLDO&KDQJH s. 127.} 68_Ibid._{s. 127.}

GHW U|U VLJ L VDPWOLJD IDOO RP VNULIWIRUP 0HG XWJnQJVSXQNW L GHVVDNXQVNDSHURPWH[WHUQDVRPGLVNXUVLYDSUDNWLNHUI|OMHUQX DQDO\VHQDYWH[WHUQDVLQQHKnOO

.DSLWHO

(NRQRPL

'HW lU P|MOLJW DWW XUVNLOMD WYn DUJXPHQ W I|U JOREDOLVHULQ J L RUJDQLVDWLRQHUQDVWH[WHU$UJXPHQWHQHOOHUORJLNHUQDEHQlPQVL VWXGLHQVRPHNRQRPLUHVSHNWLYHGHPRNUDWLRFKGHWlUNULQJGHVVD ORJLNHU VRP JOREDOLVHULQJVGLVNXUVHUQD NRQVWUXHUDV 'HW KlU NDSLWOHW XWJnU IUnQ GLVNXUVHUQ DV HNRQ RPLVND ORJLN YDUHIWHU GHQ GHPRNUDWLVNDORJLNHQVWlOOVLIRNXVLQlVWDNDSLWHO

7DOHWNULQJHNRQRPLVNDJOREDOLVHULQJVSURFHVVHUlUXWEUHWWRFKInU VWRUW XWU\PPH L PDWHULDOHW /2 RFK 6YHQVNW 1lULQJVOLY YLVDU L VLQD WH[WHU HQ VDPVWlPPLJKHW RP GH HNRQRPLVND SURFHVVHUQDV EHW\GHOVH I|U JOREDOLVHULQJHQ DY YlUOGHQ (NRQRPLVN RFK LQIRUPDWLRQVWHNQRORJLVN XWYHFNOLQJ XWJ|U IXQGDPHQWDOD SURFHVVHU YLOND EHWUDNWDV VRP VnYlO RUVDN WLOO VRP PnO I|U JOREDOLVHULQJ 8WLIUnQ GHWWD VNXOOH PHG DQGUD RUG HNRQRPL RFK LQIRUPDWLRQVWHNQRORJL NXQQD EHWUDNWDV VRP JOREDOLVHULQJHQV PRWLYRFKGULYNUDIW6\IWHWPHGNDSLWOHWlUDWWWDUHGDSnKXUWDOHW NULQJ HNRQRPL NRQVWUXHUDU GLVNXUVHU NULQJ JOREDOLVHULQJ +XU NRQVWUXHUDVJOREDOLVHULQJPHGKMlOSDYHQHNRQRPLVNORJLN"9LOND EHW\GHOVHU InU HNRQRPL L UHODWLRQ WLOO JOREDOLVHULQJ HOOHU WYlUW RP"9LONDNRQVHNYHQVHUHIIHNWHUInUHNRQRPLVNDDUJXPHQWI|U JOREDOLVHULQJHQV LQQHKnOO" 9DUI|U lU HNRQRPL HQ JUXQGOlJJDQGH ORJLNLGLVNXUVHURPJOREDOLVHULQJ"

XWYHFNOLQJVSURFHVVHURFKEHVNULYHUKXUGHVVDOLJJHUWLOOJUXQGI|U JOREDOLVHULQJHQ &LWDWHW LQOHGHU NDSLWOHW µ+XU UHJHOYHUNHQ I|UlQGUDWVµ L RUJDQLVDWLRQHQV UDSSRUW *OREDOLVHULQJ RFK

NDSLWDOPDUNQDG , NDSLWOHW GLVNXWHUDV EODQG DQQDW KDQGHOVOLEHUDOLVHULQJ L IRUP DY IULKDQGHO RFK SULYDWLVHULQJ DY RIIHQWOLJ VHNWRU 'HW J|UV HQ MlPI|UHOVH PHOODQ VYHQVN RFK LQWHUQDWLRQHOO KDQGHOVVHNWRU bYHQ GHQ SROLWLVND XWYHFNOLQJHQ DNWXDOLVHUDV PHQ HQGDVW L IRUP DY HWW UHGVNDS PHG YLONHW HNRQRPLVND JOREDOLVHULQJVSURFHVVHU NDQ XWYHFNODV 6YHQVNW 1lULQJVOLYEHVNULYHUGHQPXOWLODWHUDODKDQGHOVOLEHUDOLVHULQJHQRFK GHP|MOLJKHWHUVRP|SSQDQGHWDYPDUNQDGHUQDNDQLQQHElUD

'H VHQ DVWH WMXJR nUHQ KDU LQ WH EDUD ILQ DQ VLHOO YHUNVDPKHW XWDQ RFNVn UHDO NlQQHWHFNQDWV DY VWRUD VWUXNWXUI|UlQGULQJDU )|UlQGULQJDUQD KDU ODJW JUXQGHQ WLOO GDJHQV LQWHUQDWLRQDOLVHULQJ RIWD EHQlPQGJOREDOLVHULQJ

_{*OREDOLVHULQJRFKNDSLWDOPDUNQDG, s. 20.}

(QOLJWFLWDWHWlUGHWHNRQRPLVNDµVWUXNWXUI|UlQGULQJDUµVRPOLJJHU WLOOJUXQGI|UJOREDOLVHULQJHQ'HQSROLWLVNDXWYHFNOLQJHQEHVNULYV L WHUPHU DY µOLEHUDOLVHUDG YlUOGVKDQGHOµ RFK µIUL U|UOLJKHW I|U YDURU

WMlQVWHU DUEHWVNUDIW RFK NDSLWDOµ *HQRP EHVNULYQLQJDU VRP GHVVD

VNDSDV I|UHVWlOOQLQJDU RP HNRQRPLVN XWYHFNOLQJ VRP GULYNUDIW I|U JOREDOLVHULQJHQ 8WYHFNOLQJHQ NRQVWUXHUDV XWLIUnQ EHJUHSS VRP U|UOLJKHW RFK KDQGHOVOLEHUDOLVHULQJ YLONHW J|U GHW OlWWDUH DWW

µIO\WWD YDURU RFK WMlQVWHU |YHU JUlQVHUQDµ )|UHVWlOOQLQJHQ RP

HNRQRPLQ VRP GHQ GULYDQGH SURFHVVHQ lU VWlQGLJW nWHUNRPPDQGH RFK lYHQ L /2V WH[WHU SHNDV GHQ JOREDOD HNRQRPLQ XW VRP YLNWLJ ORJLN ([HPSHO Sn GHWWD ILQQV EODQG DQQDW L GHW LQOHGDQGH VW\FNHW L SURWRNROOHW IUnQ /2V 'HPRNUDWLNRQJUHVV GlU PDQ XQGHU SXQNWHQ µ,QWHUQDWLRQHOOD IUnJRUµ E|UMDU PHG DWW GLVNXWHUD LQWHUQDWLRQDOLVHULQJHQ DY HNRQRPLQ L I|UKnOODQGH WLOO JOREDOLVHULQJ

GHQRFNVnWLOOHQIUHGOLJDUHYlUOG

'HQ HNRQRPLVND LQWHUQDWLRQDOLVHULQJHQ KDU ´L JUXQGHQ I|UlQGUDW

WLOOHQµIUHGOLJDUHYlUOGµ,WDOHWRPJOREDOLVHULQJNRSSODVHNRQRPL VDPPDQ PHG I|UXWVlWWQLQJDU RFK VWUXNWXUI|UlQGULQJDU WYn EHJUHSS VRP lU YLNWLJD Q\FNHORUG L VNDSDQGHW DY HNRQRPL VRP HQ JUXQGOlJJDQGH ORJLN L JOREDOLVHULQJVGLVNXUVHUQD 'HW JnU DWW XUVN|QMDHWWRUVDNVVDPEDQGGlUHNRQRPLVNDSURFHVVHUEHWUDNWDV VRP RUVDN WLOO JOREDOLVHULQJHQ RFK GlU GHVVD SURFHVVHU InU NRQVHNYHQVHUDYROLNDVODJI|UYlUOGHQ(NRQRPLInUVnOXQGDHWW VWRUW XWU\PPH L WDOHW NULQJ JOREDOLVHULQJ YLONHW I|UVWlUNV \WWHUOLJDUH L NRPPDQGH DYVQLWW VRP EHO\VHU KXU GLVNXUVHUQD VNDSDV XWLIUnQ DQYlQGDQGHW DY HNRQRPLVN IRUVNQLQJ RFK HNRQRPLVNWHUPLQRORJL

)RUVNQLQJRFKHNRQRPLVNWHUPLQRORJL

2IWD OHJLWLPHUDV RUJDQLVDWLRQHUQDV DUJXPHQW RFK EHVNULYQLQJDU YLDKlQYLVQLQJDUWLOOYHWHQVNDSOLJIRUVNQLQJWHRUHWLVNDNRSSOLQJDU RFKDQYlQGDQGHWDYVWDWLVWLN6lUVNLOWL6YHQVNW1lULQJVOLYVWH[WHU KlQYLVDVRIWDWLOOYHWHQVNDS'HXWJnUIUDPI|UDOOWIUnQNYDQWLWDWLY

_P

_{rotokoll från LO:s demokratikongress 2000, ”Internationella} frågor, punkt 15c”, inledning,

http://www.lo.se/demokratikongressen/protokoll/internatio.index.ht m, s. 1.

IRUVNQLQJ RFK NRSSOLQJDUQD WLOO QDWLRQDOHNRQRPL lU PnQJD )DLUFORXJKDQYlQGHUEHJUHSSHWPRGDOLWHWI|UDWWEHVNULYDKXUHQ DNW|U I|UKnOOHUVLJ WLOOVLQ WH[W (Q W\S DY PRGDOLWHW lUVDQQLQJ 'HWWDLQQHElULQWHDWWDNW|UHQVXWWDODQGHlUVDQQDXWDQVQDUDUH DWWGHQQHSnVWnUQnJRWPHGK|JJUDGDYVlNHUKHWYLONHWPHGI|U DWW XWWDODQGHQD IUDPVWnU VRP RP GH YRUH VDQQD

2UJDQLVDWLRQHUQDV WDO RP JOREDOLVHULQJ RFK HNRQRPL NDUDNWlULVHUDVQlVWDQJHQRPJnHQGHDYK|JPRGDOLWHWXWWDODQGHQ J|UV PHG VWRU VlNHUKHW 'HWWD JlOOHU VnYlO L /2V VRP 6YHQ VNW 1lULQ JVOLYV WH[WHU GlU EHVNULYQ LQ JDUQ D DY KXU VDPKlOOHW VHU XW RFK YDG JOREDOLVHULQJ LQQHElU IUDPVWlOOV VRP REMHNWLYD IDNWD .RSSOLQJDUQD WLOO YHWHQVNDSOLJ IRUVNQLQJ RFK WHRUHWLVND UHVRQHPDQJ JHU UHVRQHPDQJHQV SnVWnHQGHQ HQ K|J JUDG DY VlNHUKHW YLONHW lYHQ PHGI|U HQ K|JUH JUDG DY µVDQ Q LQ Jµ L DUJXPHQWDWLRQHQ

1HGDQVWnHQGHFLWDWlUHWWNlQQHWHFNQDQGHH[HPSHOIUnQ6YHQVNW 1lULQJVOLYVUDSSRUW*OREDOLVHULQJRFKNDSLWDOPDUNQDGVRPYLVDUKXU KlQYLVQLQJDU WLOO YHWHQVNDS NDQ DQYlQGDV I|U DWW OHJLWLPHUD DUJXPHQWDWLRQ &LWDWHW lU KlPWDW IUnQ LQOHGQLQJHQ WLOO DYVQLWWHW µ)RUVNQLQJ RP WLOOYl[W RFK ILQDQVPDUNQDGHUµ GlU PDQ HQOLJW RUJDQLVDWLRQHQ EHVNULYHU µHWW DQWDO IlUVND VWXGLHUµ_{L lPQ HW RFK}

KlQYLVDUWLOOIRUVNQLQJLQDWLRQDOHNRQRPL

_{Winther Jörgensen & Phillips, s. 87f.}

VDPEDQG PHOODQ YlO XWYHFNODGH ILQDQVPDUNQDGHU RFK HNRQRPLVNWIUDPnWVNULGDQGH

'lUHPRW KDU GH WYLVWDW RP KXU VDPEDQGHQ VHWW XW L GHWDOM VDPW YLOND ILQ DQ VIXQ NWLRQ HU VRP WRUGH KD K|JVW I|UNODULQJVYlUGH )RUVNQLQJHQ KDU L KXYXGVDN YDULW WHRUHWLVN

3n VHQDUH WLG KDU QnJUD I|UV|NW NRPSOHWWHUD PHG HPSLUL 7LOOVSHWVDW KDQGODU GHW RP UHVRQHUDQGH HNRQRPHWUL 'H HPSLULVND XQGHUV|NQLQJDUQD MlPI|U XWYHFNOLQJHQLHWWVWRUWDQWDOOlQGHU|YHUIOHUDGHFHQQLHU )RUVNDUQD DUEHWDU PHG DYDQFHUDGH HNRQRPHWULVND PRGHOOHU 'HQQDELODJDnWHUJHUHWWDQWDOIlUVNDVWXGLHU(IWHUVRP HQVWDNDVLIIURULQWHI|UPHGODUQlPQYlUGLQIRUPDWLRQRFK GDWDPDWHULDOHWLVLQKHOKHWlUWHNQLVNWEHJUlQVDUYLRVVWLOO GHVOXWVDWVHUIRUVNDUQDGUDU

6YHQVNW 1lULQJVOLYV WH[WHU NULQJ JOREDOLVHULQJ XWPlUNV DY HWW QDWLRQDOHNRQRPLVNW SHUVSHNWLY YLONHW JHQRPV\UDU LQQHKnOO RFK XWIRUPQLQJ , RUJDQLVDWLRQHQV WH[WHU nWHUILQQV nWHUNRPPDQGH NRSSOLQJDU WLOO IRUVNQLQJVUHVXOWDW RFK VnYlO HQVNLOGD QDWLRQDOHNRQRPHUVRPGHUDVXQGHUV|NQLQJVUHVXOWDWSUHVHQWHUDV 'HWQDWLRQDOHNRQRPLVNDSHUVSHNWLYVRPDQOlJJVPlUNVlYHQSn KXU VSUnNHW DQYlQGV L VDPWOLJD WH[WHU 'H HNRQRPLVND DQVSHOQLQJDUQDV\QOLJJ|UVLRFKPHGGHWULNOLJDDQYlQGDQGHWDY HNRQRPLVN WHUPLQRORJL (WW DY PnQJD P|MOLJD H[HPSHO KlPWDV IUnQ HQ DY 6YHQVNW 1lULQJVOLYV WH[WHU *OREDOLVHULQJ RFK

DUEHWVPDUNQDG 8QGHU UXEULNHQ µ(NRQRPLVN WHRULµ I|UV HQ

DUJXPHQWDWLRQ NULQJ KXU µGHQ JUXQGOlJJDQGH QDWLRQDOHNRQRPLVND

WHRULQ VW|GMHU GHQ OLQMH VRP UDSSRUWHQ I|UHVSUnNDUµ_5DSSRUWHQV

XQGHUOLJJDQGH V\IWH NDQ VlJDV YDUD DWW DUJXPHQWHUD I|U OLEHUDOLVHULQJ DY DUEHWVNUDIWVLQYDQGULQJ RFK L GHW DNWXHOOD WH[WDYVQLWWHW DQYlQGV QDWLRQDOHNRQRPLVN WHRUL VRP VW|G I|U UHVRQHPDQJHW,QWUHVVDQWlUDWWDUJXPHQWHQLQWHEDUDNRQVWUXHUDV XWLIUnQQDWLRQDOHNRQRPLXWDQDWWGHQHNRQRPLVNDDQVDWVHQlYHQ IlUJDU VSUnNHW L VWRU XWVWUlFNQ LQ J +XYXGDUJXPHQ WHW lU DWW

µgNDQGH PRELOLWHW DY SURGXNWLRQVIDNWRUHU OHGHU WLOO HIIHNWLYDUH UHVXUVDOORNHULQJµ_{$UJXPHQWHW E\JJV XSS DY RUVDNVVDPEDQGHW}

µ2PWLOOJnQJHQSnHQSURGXNWLRQVIDNWRUVRPWH[DUEHWVNUDIWlUVW|UUHL ODQG$PHGDQRPYlQGDI|UKnOODQGHJlOOHUI|UWLOOJnQJWLOONDSLWDOLODQG% YLQQHUElJJHOlQGHUSn|NDGE\WHVDIIlUHUµ_{,FLWDWHWDQYlQGVEHJUHSS}

VRP PRELOLWHW SURGXNWLRQVIDNWRUHU UHVXUVDOORNHULQJ WLOOJnQJ RFK YLQVW PHG YLOND GHW NRQVWUXHUDV HWW UHVRQHPDQJ XWLIUnQ HNRQRPLVND WHUPHU$YVQLWWHWDYUXQGDVPHGI|OMDQGHNRQNOXVLRQ

5|UOLJKHW DY DUEHWVNUDIW RFK KXPDQNDSLWDO lU GlUHPRW IRUWIDUDQ GH P\FNHW EHJUlQ VDG 3n VDPPD VlWW VRP KDQGHOVKLQGHU PRW XWE\WH DY YDURU RFK WMlQVWHU lU KlPPDQGH I|U WLOOYl[WHQ RFK Sn VDPPD VlWW VRP IUL U|UOLJKHWDYNDSLWDOOHGHUWLOOHIIHNWLYDUHUHVXUVXWQ\WWMDQGH lU VW|UUH U|UHOVHIULKHW I|U PlQQLVNRU J\QQVDPW I|U WLOOYl[W 74_{*OREDOLVHULQJRFKDUEHWVPDUNQDG, s. 12.} 75_{Ibid., s. 12.} 76_{Ibid., s. 12.} 77_{Ibid., s. 12.}

7H[WHQWDODUXWLIUnQHNRQRPLVNDWHUPHUGlUIRNXVLQWHEDUDOLJJHU SnHNRQRPLbYHQYlUOGHQJOREDOLWHWHQLQGLYLGHUQDRFKVWDWHUQD EHVNULYV XWLIUnQ HNRQRPLVND WHUPHU 'HW IDNWXP DWW DNW|UHUQD LQWHEDUDJHUWH[WHQHWWHNRQRPLVNWLQQHKnOOXWDQlYHQEHVNULYHU GHWWD LQQHKnOO PHG WHUPHU PHG HNRQRPLVN DQNQ\WQLQJ VRP

µKXPDQNDSLWDOµ µHIIHNWLYDUH UHVXUVXWQ\WWMDQGHµ RFK µJ\QQVDPW I|U WLOOYl[Wµ V\QOLJJ|U HIIHNWLYW HNRQRPLQV EHW\GHOVH VRP HQ

JUXQGOlJJDQGHORJLN'HHNRQRPLVNDWDQNHJnQJDUQDJHQRPV\UDU RUJDQLVDWLRQHUQDV VNDSDQGH DY JOREDOLVHULQJVGLVNXUVHU YLOND JHV LQQHE|UGXWLIUnQHNRQRPLVNDWHUPHU

(NRQRPLQVEHW\GHOVHI|URUJDQLVDWLRQHUQDVV\QSnJOREDOLVHULQJ W\GOLJJ|UV lYHQ L GH W\SHU DY PHWDIRUHU VRP JnU DWW XUVNLOMD L PDWHULDOHW )DLUFORXJK PHQDU DWW YDOHW RFK DQYlQGDQGHW DY PHWDIRUHUNDQJHLQVLNWLHWWVDPKlOOHVNXOWXUHOODYlUGHULQJDURFK VRFLDOD SUDNWLNHU_{'H PHWDIRUHU VRP DQYlQGV DY}

RUJDQLVDWLRQHUQD SHNDU lYHQ GHVVD PRW HWW µHNRQRPLVHUDWµ WlQNDQGH YDG JlOOHU NRQVWUXNWLRQHU DY I|UHVWlOOQLQJDU RP JOREDOLVHULQJ , WH[WHUQD DQYlQGV PHWDIRUHU VRP DQNQ\WHU WLOO WlYOLQJDU RFK VSHO YLONHW NRPPHU DWW VNDSD HQ ELOG DY YHUNOLJKHWHQVRPHQWlYOLQJPHGµYLQQDUHµRFKµI|UORUDUHµRFK GlU PnOHW lU DWW Q n HQ Vn K|J YLQ VW VRP P|MOLJW 6YHQ VNW 1lULQJVOLYDYVOXWDUUDSSRUWHQ*OREDOLVHULQJRFKNDSLWDOPDUNQDGPHG DWWLGHVLVWDPHQLQJDUQDOLNQDPDUNQDGHUQDYLGRO\PSLVNDVSHO

'HW lU MXVW I|U DWW PDUNQDGHUQD LQWH IXQJHUDU SHUIHNW VRP GH EHK|YV 'HW YRUH VO|VHUL PHG UHVXUVHU DWW DUUDQJHUD RO\PSLVND VSHO LIDOO DOOD Sn I|UKDQG YHW YHP VRPYLQQHU'nlUGHWElWWUHDWWHQXSSO\VWUHJHQWGHODU XWPHGDOMHUQD'HWlUI|UDWWLQJHQLI|UYlJYHWVRPPDQ WlYODU $OOD LQVHU DWW GHW EHK|YV JRGD UHJHOYHUN RFK NYDOLILFHUDGH GRPDUH VRP WlYODQ GH VNDOO UlWWD VLJ HIWHU *|UDOODGHWJRGWDVIULWlYODQ

9lUOGHQ NRPPHU DWW XSSOHYD IOHU ILQDQVLHOOD NULVHU UHDOHNRQRPLVND QHGJnQJDU RFK DOOHKDQGD IHOLQYHVWHULQJDU 'HW ILQDQVLHOOD V\VWHPHW NRPPHU lYHQ IUDPJHQWDWWXWVlWWDVI|UKnUGNULWLN,VnGDQDVLWXDWLRQHU lUGHWEUDPHGUlWWNDUWDRFKNRPSDVV

, WH[WHQ OLNQDV PDUNQDGHUQD PHG RO\PSLVND VSHO GlU µGHW YRUH

VO|VHUL PHG UHVXUVHUµ DWW DUUDQ JHUD VSHOHQ RP DOOD YHW YHP VRP

NRPPHUDWWYLQQD9DUI|U".DQVNHI|UDWWGHWGnYRUHRLQWUHVVDQW HOOHU WUnNLJW I|U PHGWlYODUH RFK nVNnGDUH 6YHQVNW 1lULQJVOLY PHQDU DWW µ'HW lU I|U DWW LQJHQ L I|UYlJ YHW VRP PDQ WlYODUµ 0DUNQDGHUQDEHVNULYVVRPHQWlYOLQJGlUGHWLQRPGHJUlQVHU VRPJHVDYJRGDUHJHOYHUNRFKNYDOLILFHUDGHGRPDUHVNDUnGDIUL WlYODQ.RQWHQWDQlUDWWIULDJOREDODILQDQVPDUNQDGHUlUEUDGn GHOHGHUWLOO|SSHQKHWRFKWLOOYl[WI|U6YHULJHRFKYlUOGHQ'RFN EHK|YV GHW UHJHOYHUN RFK GRPDUH 'HQ PHWDIRULVND

VRP KDU DWW J|UD PHG GLVNXUVLYD I|UHVWlOOQLQJDU RP VDPKlOOHW *HQRPJRGDUHJHOYHUNRFKNYDOLILFHUDGHGRPDUHVNDWlYOLQJHQEOLPHU UlWWYLV PHQ I|UHVWlOOQLQJDUQD RP YlUOGHQ VRP WlYOLQJVDUHQD VNDSDURFNVnYLQQDUHRFKI|UORUDUH

bYHQL/2VWH[WHUnWHUILQQVPHWDIRUHUVRPDQNQ\WHUWLOOVSHORFK WlYOLQJDU , LQOHGQLQJVDQI|UDQGHW WLOO GHQ GHO DY GHPRNUDWLNRQJUHVVHQ VRP EHKDQGODU µLQWHUQDWLRQHOOD IUnJRUµ GLVNXWHUDV EODQG DQQDW JOREDOLVHULQJHQV NRQVHNYHQVHU RFK GH nWJlUGHUVRPE|UDNWXDOLVHUDVI|UDWW µIn HQ UlWWYLVDUH LQWHUQDWLRQHOO

KDQGHOµ_{, WH[WHQ GLVNXWHUDV µJOREDOD VSHOUHJOHUµ VRP PDQ PnVWH}

µVWlUND UHVSHNWHQ I|Uµ /2 NRSSODU VDPPDQ VSHOUHJOHUQD PHG

:72 :RUOG 7UDGH 2UJDQL]DWLRQ RFK ,/2 ,QWHUQDWLRQDO /DERXU2UJDQL]DWLRQ

cWJlUGHUEHK|YVI|UDWWVWlUNDUHVSHNWHQI|UGHJOREDOD VSHOUHJOHUQD RFK HIWHUOHYQDGHQ DY GH JUXQGOlJJDQGH PlQVNOLJD UlWWLJKHWHUQD L DUEHWVOLYHW /2 DQVHU DWW GHWWD NDQXSSQnVJHQ RPLQI|UDQGHWDYHQVRFLDONODXVXOLGHQ

80_{Protokoll från LO:s demokratikongress 2000, ”Internationella}

frågor, punkt 15c”, inledning,

http://www.lo.se/demokratikongressen/protokoll/internatio.index.ht m, s. 3.

81_{WTO är en internationell organisation som har till uppgift att}

administrera och övervaka internationella avtal gällande

världshandel och handelspolitik. ILO är ett självständigt fackorgan inom FN som har till uppgift att arbeta för social rättvisa och humana arbetsvillkor som en förutsättning för fred i och mellan stater. (Se exempelvis Nationalencyklopedin för ytterligare information).

LQ WHUQ DWLRQ HOOD YlUOGVKDQ GHOQ :72 EDVHUDW Sn JUXQGOlJJDQGH,/2NRQYHQWLRQHU /2PHQDUDWWGHWILQQVJOREDODVSHOUHJOHUPHQDWWUHVSHNWHQI|U GHVVDPnVWHVWlUNDV'HWILQQVDOOWVnUHJOHUVRPJ|UWlYOLQJHQPHU UlWWYLVPHQGHVVDUHJOHUPnVWHGHOVVWlUNDVRFKGHOVPnVWHPDQIn PHU UHVSHNW I|U GHP , WH[WHQ KlQYLVDV WLOO NODXVXOHU RFK NRQYHQWLRQHU VNDSDGH DY LQWHUQDWLRQHOOD RUJDQLVDWLRQHU VRP :72 RFK ,/2 )XVNDU WlYOLQJVGHOWDJDUQD HOOHU LJQRUHUDV H[LVWHUDQGHVSHOUHJOHU"

6nYlO/2VRP6YHQVNW1lULQJVOLYOLNQDUYlUOGHQYLGHQVSHOSODQ VRPEHK|YHUVSHOUHJOHU RFK GRPDUH 6YHQVNW 1lULQJVOLY PHQDU DWWGHWPnVWHXWYHFNODVVSHOUHJOHU/2PHQDUDWWGHUHGDQILQQV 'lU6YHQVNW1lULQJVOLYLQWHVSHFLILFHUDUYLONDVRPVNDOOVHWLOODWW GHWEOLUHQUlWWYLVWlYOLQJGUDVL/2VWH[WHQVSHFLILNNRSSOLQJWLOO LQWHUQDWLRQHOODRUJDQLVDWLRQHUVRP:72RFK,/2

'HEDWWNULQJHNRQRPLQVEHW\GHOVH

2UJDQLVDWLRQHUQD lU |YHUHQV RP RUVDNVVDPEDQGHW PHOODQ HNRQRPL RFK JOREDOLVHULQJ RP GH HNRQRPLVND SURFHVVHUQDV SRVLWLRQVRPVnYlORUVDNVRPGULYNUDIWI|UJOREDOLVHULQJHQPHQ XWLIUnQGHQQDµVDQQLQJµNRQVWUXHUDVJOREDOLVHULQJVGLVNXUVHUQDSn ROLNDVlWW'HWUnGHULQWH|YHUHQVVWlPPHOVHRPGHNRQVHNYHQVHU 82

Protokoll från LO:s demokratikongress 2000, ”Internationella frågor, punkt 15c”, inledning,

http://www.lo.se/demokratikongressen/protokoll/internatio.index.ht m, s. 3.

W\GD Sn DWW GHW UnGHU VSlQQLQJDU HOOHU PRWVlWWQLQJDU L KXU YHUNOLJKHWHQVNDOOGHILQLHUDV

'HEnGDRUJDQLVDWLRQHUQDVGLVNXVVLRQHUIRUPDVWLOOHQJHPHQVDP GHEDWW JHQRP KlQYLVQLQJDU WLOO YDG QnJRQ DQQDQ KDU I|U V\QSXQNWHU L IUnJDQ )DLUFORXJK EHQlPQHU VnGDQD NRSSOLQJDU PHOODQWH[WHUVRPPDQLIHVWLQWHUWH[WXDOLWHWYLONHWLQQHElUDWWPDQL WH[WHQUHIHUHUDUWLOOH[HPSHOYLVGHQDOOPlQQDRSLQLRQHQHOOHUWLOO PRWVWnQGDUHQV V\QSXQNWHU_{6nYlO /2 VRP 6YHQVNW 1lULQJVOLY}

E\JJHU XSS P\FNHW DY VLQ DUJXPHQWDWLRQ NULQJ HNRQRPLQV EHW\GHOVHSnDWWKlQYLVDWLOOYDGPRWVWnQGDUHQµW\FNHUµRFKSn DWWVOnQHGGHVVDDUJXPHQWYLONHWMDJNRPPHUDWWI|UV|NDYLVDL GHWWDDYVQLWW2IWDXWJnVLWH[WHUQDIUnQSnVWnHQGHQVRPLWH[WHQ EHWUDNWDV VRP UHGDQ HWDEOHUDGH HOOHU JLYQD_{XSSIDWWQLQJDU RP}

YDGVRPlUµVDQQLQJµ'HWVRPI|UXWVlWWVVRPJLYHWLHQWH[WlU QlPOLJHQ RIWD P\FNHW VYnUW DWW EHVWULGD_{YLONHW NDQ LOOXVWUHUDV}

PHG WYn NRUWD H[HPSHO IUnQ 6YHQVNW 1lULQJVOLYV UDSSRUW

*OREDOLVHULQJRFKNDSLWDOPDUNQDG

7LOOJnQJ WLOO NYDOLILFHUDGH LQWHUQDWLRQHOOD ILQDQVLHOOD WMlQVWHU WLOO OlJVWD P|MOLJD NRVWQDG lU DY IXQGDPHQWDO

83_Fairclough,_{'LVFRXUVHDQG6RFLDO&KDQJH s. 120f, 233f.} 84

Denna typ av påståenden benämns av Fairclough som

SUHVXSSRVLWLRQV (fritt översatt I|UXWVlWWQLQJDU), se exempelvis

Fairclough, 'LVFRXUVHDQG6RFLDO&KDQJH, s. 120f.

EHW\GHOVHI|UYlOVWnQGVXWYHFNOLQJ'lUI|UlUIULDJOREDOD NDSLWDOPDUNQDGHUEUDI|U6YHULJHRFKYlUOGHQ

*OREDOD ILQDQVPDUNQDGHU KRWDU YDUH VLJ GHPRNUDWL HOOHU YlOIlUG *OREDOLVHULQJ IUlPMDU WLOOYl[W RFK WLOOYl[WHQ DYJ|U VWRUOHNHQ Sn GH UHVXUVHU VRP EOLU WLOOJlQJOLJD I|U YlJDUERVWlGHUHOOHUVNRORU'HVVXWRPlUGHWVnDWWOlQGHU VRP KDIW GH PHVW XWE\JJGD YlOIlUGVV\VWHPHQ 1RUGHQ RFK %HQHOX[ VHGDQ OnQJ WLG WLOOK|UW GH PHVW LQWHUQDWLRQDOLVHUDGH

, GHVVD XWGUDJ VNDSDV HWW RUVDNVVDPEDQG PHOODQ µIULD JOREDOD

NDSLWDOPDUNQDGHUµ RFK µYlOVWnQGVXWYHFNOLQJµ VDPW µXWE\JJGD YlOIlUGVV\VWHPµ , WH[WHUQD I|UXWVlWWV GHWWD VDPEDQG VRP JLYHW L

WH[WHQ GlU IHQRPHQ $ ² IULD ILQDQVPDUNQDGHU ² OHGHU WLOO IHQRPHQ%YLONHWLGHWKlUIDOOHWlUYlOIlUGRFKYlOVWnQGbYHQ /2DQYlQGHUVLJDYVDPPDW\SDYDUJXPHQWDWLRQGlURUVDNRFK YHUNDQ EHWUDNWDV VRP UHGDQ HWDEOHUDGH RFK JLYQD VDQQLQJDU ,QWUHVVDQWlUDWWGHRUVDNVVDPEDQGVRPEHVNULYVDY/2YLVDUSn HQDQQDQELOGlQGHQVRPSUHVHQWHUDVDY6YHQVNW1lULQJVOLY

,QWHUQDWLRQDOLVHULQJHQ DY HNRQRPLQ lU HQ SURFHVV VRP SnJnWW XQGHU OnQJ WLG 3n VHQDUH nU KDU GHQ QnWW HQ RPIDWWQLQJ VRP L JUXQGHQ KDU I|UlQGUDW I|UXWVlWWQLQJDUQD I|U GHW IDFNOLJD DUEHWHW ,GDJ DUEHWDU

In document Arbetsmarknadens parter och globalisering. (Page 44-65)

.DSLWHO

(NRQRPL

)RUVNQLQJRFKHNRQRPLVNWHUPLQRORJL

P

'HEDWWNULQJHNRQRPLQVEHW\GHOVH

.DSLWHO

_P