Afghanistan Peace Corps - outline of training program for hydrologists

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UNITED STATES A. I. D. MISSION TO AFGH NISTA'jLJL

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1967

UMITIO ITA'IH OP &MlllCA

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July 18, 1967

Dr.

Maurice L. Albertson

Professor of Civil Engineering Colorado State University Civil Engineering Department Fort Collins, Colorado

Dear Maury1

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AMERICAN EMBASSY ~ , ( KABUL, AFGHANISTAN - i l

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Your first draft outline looks good to me. I assume that you

have only 6 weekly lectures, each to cover the topics shown as numbered. The outline should make them cognizant of the many things involved, and with a little encouragement from you inspire them to study these things more thoroughly.

Part 4 of Construction Experience would not be required for this country. Cranes and bulldozers are practically ttnavailable. We have had need for a crane only once and I can forsee no future need. Bulldozers are not obtainable for our work because of the reluctance of the Ministry to spend the money and do the paperwork. If we need to build roads we will hire local coolie labor.

Aside from that minor corrment I would say proceed as outlined but

be sure to impress on them how rough field conditions are here. I don't know whether John Barbee has told you that the PCVs will be under direct control of the RGA this next season. We will have

no

direction of their work or be able 'to backstop them in any way. We can only give them 'technical guidance if they request it.

Sincerely yours,

Ara~f.ll

Chief of Party

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-DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE

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HEADQUARTERS AERONAUTICAL CHART AND INFORMATION CENTER •

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SECOND AND ARSENAL. ST L O UIS , MISSOURI 63118

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REPLY TO

ATTN OF: ACDBD

JUL 1 0 1967

sueJECT: Request for Operational Navigation Charts

To: Colorado State University

Department of Civil Engineering ATTN: Maurice L. Albertson

lo Reference is made to your letter dated 3 July 1967, in which you requested twelve copies each of Operational Navigation Charts (ONC)

G-6,

H-7

and

H-8

to be used in a training program for Peace Corps Volunteers.

2. We are pleased to forward free of charge, under separate cover, twenty-four copies each of the charts you requested. The extra copies

of the charts are being forwarded because it has been our experience that the use of our charts in such worthwhile projects as the Peace

Corps serves a dual purpose. As a result of their use, many corrections

or omissions have been brought to our attention thereby assisting [

this Center in quality charting. We would be most grateful, therefore, if the volunteers in the performance of their duties would apply

any corrections noted to the extra set of charts and return them to

' this Center, ATTN: ACDBD

3.

ccess in your training program.

3 Atch

1. ONC G-6

(24

cys)

2.

ONC

H-7 (24

cys)

3.

ONC H- 8

(24

cys)

Sidney . Tischler, Chief

Production and Distribution lant Department of The Air Force Headquarters Aeronautical Chart

and Information Center

Second and Arsenal

St. Louis, Missouri 63118 Dear Chief Tischler:

f

20 July 1967

I very much appreciate your wonderful cooperation in sending copies of the Operational Navigation charts of Afghanistan so promptly. They will greatly aid in the training program of the eace Corps Volunteers to be involved in the establishment of the stream gaging s tations in Afghanistan.

Unfortunately, we r ceiv d ONC J-7, "Great Southern Desert", instead of ONC H-7, therefor we are returning the charts on ONC J-7,

(under separate cover) and request that you send us the H-7 a soon as

possible.

Let me thank you gain for your wonderful cooperation in this matter.

MLA:bnb

Sincerely yours,

Maurice L . Albertson rofessor

DEP'AR TMENT O F THE AIR FORCE

HEADQUARTERS AERONAUT ICAL CHART A 0 INFORM ATION CE T · R SECON D ,-.No ARSENAL. ST LOUIS . MISSOU RI 63118

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ATTN

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ACDBD

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1967

1u1acT1 Request for Operational. Navigation charts Toi Colorado State Univers:tty ·

Department of Civil Engineering

ATTN:

Maurice

L.

Albertson-1. Reference is made to your letter dated 3 July 1967, in which you requested twelve copies each of Operati onal Navigation Charts (ONC)

G-6,

H-7 and H-8 to be used in a training program for Peace Corps

Volunteers. . · · ·.

2. 11,, are pleased. to forward free of charge, under separate cover,

tw~ni;y-.four copies each of the d :i~ :J you requested. The extra copies

of th'1 cha,rts are being forwarded because it has been our experience .

tr.at

1;he use of our charts in such worthwhile projects as the Peace

Corp ~l serves a dual purpose. As a'-.result- of their use, ma.ny corrections

or· 0111::.saions have been brought tp our attention thereby assisting

t his r~enter in quality charting. · We would be most . grateful, therefore,

if th13 volunteers in the perf.ornnnce of Uleir d:u:ties would apply

·any 1:orrections noted to the extra set 9f. charts and return them to

this .Center, ATTN: ACDBD

J.

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in

your

training program.

.

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3 Atch

1. one

G-6

(2u cys) .

2e' ONC H-7 (24

cys) '.

J.

ONC H-8 (24 cys) · (sep cover)

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Mr. Arthur O. Westfall USAID/USGS

APO New Yor 09668

Dear Art:

2 Ju e 1967

This 1$ my first day back in the office after a rather tiring trip of three and one half weeks. One of the primary highlights of the trip was stopping in Kabul, meeting you, and seeing your activities in the field.

I am certa · y impressed wi.th what you have ace mplishe and I think

the Peace Corps volunteers are mo t fortunate to have the opportunity

of working with you.

en I wa · d into the o fice the 2 copies of the trai ·ng manua for Ba ic Streamgaging were on my d sk, toget er with the roll of drawings and the other items that you transmitted on the survey notes,

graph paper, and the tables for ta ulation of data. This is just the

information and material that I need and l am sure that it will be most helpful in the training program. As soon as l have shaped up the de-tailed outline of the material to be presented, I will send it to you for your comments and suggestions.

gai , ma y, -many thanks for your wonderful hospitality, and

congratu ations on the excellent work you are doing. With best wishes, I remain

MLA:bnb

cc: Walter Blass John Barbee

Dictated by Dr. Albertson

signed and mailed in his absence.

Sincerely yours,

Maurice L. Albertson Professor

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VN171D ITAJll Of AMiii(&

UNITED STATES A. I. D. MISSION TO AFGHANISTAN

R CEIVED June 7, 1967

JU 14

7

AMERICAN EMBASSY KABUL, AFGHANISTAN

Dr. Maurice L. Albertson Civil Engineering Department Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Dear Maury:

I want to thank you for the interest shown in our program and feel that under your leadership our hydrologists will be well prepared.

I have sent under separate cover the following items you requested:

L..- 1 set

(. 20 copies

L. 1 set

Engineering drawings Hydrology Training Manual

Charts ONC Gh, Hl, and H8 (to be sent direct from

our Washington office.)

I hope the rest of your trip was successful.

cc: W. Blass, PC

Sincerely yours,

Arth~~tf

all

CEIVEO

JU 14

1961

G.W. Edelen, Jr., Ass't Chief

Office of International Operations

A. O. Westfall, Afghanistan

World Aeronautical Charts

June 7, 1967

Would lt be possible for you to obtain 12 copies of the World Aeronautical Charts

or«;(]),

H7, and H8 for use in this office? We find these to be the best for our use.

Dr. Maurice L. Albertson of Colorado State University was in

Afghanistan recently to confer on the training of Peace Corps Volunteers for our next year program. He will be in ch rge of the training of ei ht volunteers for this project and wo ld like to get a set of these charts to use. If you can ·obtain these. would you please send one

set to Dr. Alb rtson, c/o Civil Engineering Department, Colorado State

University, Fort Collins, 80521, and the rernainin sets to me. With

the current upset in this i>art of the world, mail will not be reliable

otherwise I would send them from here. Training for the PCV's starts on July 6 so I would appreciate it if you could get them to

Dr.

Albertson by that date.

.

.__:.---,//

Mr. Arthur 0. We•tfall

USAID/USGS

APO New York 09868

Dear .l\rt:

11 July 196?

Encloeed is a copy of the first draft outline that I propose to use for the trainina program of the bydrolo&l•te in the Afghan Peace Corpe Program. I would very much appreciate any comments or augeetions that you may have on this. Needle•• to 1ay. the comments and eu11••tion•

•hould be •ent to me•• soon as po••ible.

We plan to have a two-hour lecture ach week, and one tull day each week for a field trip- -visiting gaging stations and gettina con-etructlon experience.

MLA :cv

Enclosure

Hurriedly-, but aincerely your•. Maurie• L. Albertson

Prcfe•eor

P . S. Again. let me thank you for your wonderful cooperation and for the excellent material you have provided.

cc: Paulin• Birky

A. Lectures

Outline of Training Program for

HYDROLOGISTS in the

Afghanistan Peace Corps July-September 1967

1. Introduction

a. Relationship of stream flow data to Afghan development . b. Present stream gaging situation.

c. Future plans.

2. Theory of Flow in Open Channels

a. Difference between artificial channels and natural channels.

b. Flow equations: Chezy and Manning, velocity profile. c. Types of flow: Uniform and non-uniform, steady and

unsteady, tranquil and rapid.

d. Types of boundaries: Rigid and alluvial, rough and smooth. e. Types of controls: Channel, critical flow, (weirs, sluice

gates, spillways), upstream and downstream, artificial and natural, low water and high water.

f. Stage-discharge relations: Shapes of curves.

g. Alluvial channels: Regimes of flow, resistance to flow. 3. Gaging Stations

a. Site selection: Control, low stage and high stage, access-ability, staccess-ability, accuracy.

b. Float we ll: Surging, silting up, flushing, access. c. Intakes: High water, low water, plugging.

d. Stage recorder: Clock drive, float, pen, ink, paper, protection.

e. Shelter: Ventilation, simplicity, protection.

f. Cableway: Cable, anchors, towers, car, tape. g. Wading section: Depth, footing, tape.

h. Bridge section: constrictions, cross flow, scour. i. Staff gages: Location, visibility, accuracy.

J. Accuracy and sources of errors k. Maintenance

4. Discharge Measurement

a. Velocity measurement: at a point , average, six methods. b. Current meters: Price , Ott, pigmy.

-2-c. Width measurement: Spacing of vertical sections, tape, tag line.

d. Weights: Basis of selection.

e. Depth measurement: Sounding, weights, angle. f. Note taking:

g. Safety: Personal, equipment. h. Wading measurements:

i. Cableway measurements:

j. Bridge measurements : k. Boat measurements: l. Ice measurements:

m. Contracted opening method: n. Slope-area method:

5. Office Procedures

a. Computing discharge measurements: Accuracy b. Rating curves: Strage-discharge relations.

c. Computation and tabulation of data: Daily, weekly, monthly, annual.

d. Reporting forms: e. Map reading.

f. Watershed areas: Planimeter, contours. g. Stream slope: Contour measurements. 6. Construction

a. Gage house: Well, intakes, float and tape, recorder shelter, anchors.

b. Cableway:. Anchors, suspension cable, towers. c. Cable car: Wheels, pullers, brakes, seats. d. Artificial control s: Weirs, spillways, gates

-3-B. Field Trips and Exercises

1. Visit to Existing Gaging Stations a. Steep mountain streams b. Flat alluvial streams c. Ephemeral streams d. Small and large streams e. Flood stage if possible 2. Features to Study

a. Flow pattern: Cross currents, eddies, boils. b. Stream bed material: Shifts, cross currents. c. Control: High water, low water.

d. Intakes: Elevation, size, material, flushing.

e. Gage house : Lower access, floatwell, construction, float and tape, instrument shelter, material.

f. Recorder: Clock, drum, paper, pen, reversal. g. Staff gages: Location, high water, low water.

h. Measuring section: Relation to gage house location high water, low water.

3. Make Measurements a. Two-man teams.

b. Planning: Number of sections, 0. 6 or 0. 2 and 0. 8. c. Check current meter.

d. Set tag l ine.

e. Reel and cable or rod. f. Weight

g. Notes

h. Accuracy of measurement. i. Read staff gage.

j. Flush intakes and well

k. Mark chart before and after. 4. F lood Measurement if Possible.

a. Work with USGS. b. Observe flood.

c. Help with measurement. d. Mountain stream.

e. Plains stream . 5. Pack Trip

a. Over one or two nights.

b. Pack equipment and techniques. c. Sleeping.

d. Food.

e. Stream gaging equipment f. Clothes.

-4-C . -4-Construction Experience

1. Drilling in Rock a. Hand drilling.

b . Air or el ectric drill.

c . Drilling characteristics of different rock ty pes .

d.

2 . Anchors

a. Where and how to locat e the anchor.

b . Size and type of anchor: Rock, dead man.

c . Fastening the anchor: Sulfur, lead, expansion, dead man. d. 3. Welding a. Arc-welding. b. Oxy-Acetylene 4. Power Equipment a. Cranes b . Bulldozers

-5-D . Notebook

1. Lecture notes 2. Reading notes 3. Problem notes 4. F ield trip notes

5. Gaging station descriptions 6. Photos

7. Maps

-6-E. References

1. Westfall, Arthur, "Hydrology Training Manual-- Basic Streamgaging" USAID/USGS, Kabul, 1966.

2. USGS Bulletins-- Buchanan, et al.

3. Chow, VenTe "Handbook of Applied Hydrology", McGraw-Hill Book Company 1964.

4. Farsi-Pushtu terms.

5. Grover, Nathan C . and Harrington, A . W . "Stream Flow" John Wiley and Sons, 1943.

-7-F. Materials and Equipment Needed

1. Photos on display

2. Slides· Af~hanistan and U. S .

3. Planimeter 4. Level 5. Transit 6. Stadia board 7. Scales 8. Standard forms

ROYAL OOVERNMEI-"T OF AFGHANISTAN Meas . No. ___ _ Water & Soil Surv~y Department Comp. by ___ _

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENT NarES Checked by ___ _ Station. ____________________________________________ __

Date. ______ __ 19 ____ Party ___________________ _

Width. _____ Area:._ ___ Vel . ____ G. H.::=====Discharge:=::=::=::=::=::=;: Method ____ No. secs. _____ G. H. change. _____ in:._ ___ hrs, Swsp. ____ _ ~M=e~t~h=o=d~c=oe::f::::::::::H:o~r~·~an::g:l~e~c~o=e=f~---~Susp. coef _______ Meter No. ________ _ GAGE READINGS Date rated~---~Heter ____________ ~tt,

---.----r----r---~

Time Tape Recorder Outside above bottO!Il of wt. Tags checked. ___ _

---+---+----~!

____

~ Spin before meas. ______ ~after ____ _

---~---+---+---~ Wad ing , cable, ice, boat, upstr., downstr,,

side bridge __________ ~meters, kilometers, above, below gage, and~----=---­_,.,

---l----+---+---~ Hi ghwater mark (s) : _______ __:m• found on/in

well, staff; occurred (est) =W=e=i=g=h=t=ebd==M=.G=-=.H==.~:~~~~~~~~~:~~~~~~~~~t ~~:;~s~~~i:::q~:~:ked and ~:::~e~d======== G. H. correcti on _{'-11---+---I Clock wound: yes} Ink reservoir: adequate _----no filled -Correct ~1. G, H. Levels obtained on

~leasurement rated excellent(2%), good(S%) ,fair(S%),poor(overB%),based on following

conditions: cross section. ____________________________________________________ __ Flow _______________________________________ Weather ____________________________ __ Other ___________________________ ~Air _____ °C@ ____ _

Gage 'o'later ____ °C@ ________ __

Record removed: yes no Intake system nushed: yes _______ no _____ __ Thermograph : recorder °C, streant °C Negator epring wound:yes __ no_ Cont rol. _________________________________________ ___ Observer: seen. __________________________________________________

~paid~---Remarks ________________________________________________ ___

+---/.10 /.20 /.30 J.40

Dist.

Rev-~ l>.c

.... 4> _{from Width Depth !nit.} "'~

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0 _tions <.> _Point 0 T1o \.20 \ .30 \ .40 /50 /60

Tillie VELOCITY I Adjust in _{Mean · Hor.} for

Sec- _Point At in ver-_angle onds tical ' \.50 '\ .60 /70 Area "' . 70 Discharge/. 80 85 .;o' ./ 90 ... 92

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94 96 97 98 99 00 99 98 97 96 94 92 90 85 80

Survey ofr Date:

Instrument No: Party:

STATION AZIM

%

_{T DIST} ROD ELEV REMARKS

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