Annual report, county extension work in Colorado. Lincoln County: 1922

COOPERATIVE EXTENSION WORK IN AGRICULTURE AND HOME ECONOMieS

State A~ricultural Colle~e

ot

Colorado,

u. s.

Department

or Agriculture and Lincoln County Cooperating.

ANNUAL REPORT OF COUNTY EXTEUSION WORK

December 1 1921 to November 30 1g22 inclusive G. P. NEWSOM

County Extension Agent

ANNUAL REPORT INDEX

Title Page.

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Index

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Status of County Extension Organization

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Field Organization of Extension Word

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Crop Rotation.

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17

Boys' and Girls' .Cl1.ilbs •

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Community Fa ire _{• • • • • • •}

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_{• •} 41 Poultry. • • •

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• 45 Farm Management

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49 ' Pest Control _•

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_{• • • • •} 50 Resume •

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51 Statistical Summary. _{• • •}

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54 Photographs 0 • • •

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• 76

Status of County Extension Organization

£:

The organization that is fostering Extension work · in Lincoln County is known as the Farm Buraau. The

program of work for the county as outlined in the last ~ annual report of the wr1tet~ and developed in

-consulta-tion with the Executive committee -was: 1. Cro~ Rotation

2. Boys and Girls' Club work

3. Community Fairs

-4. Poultry

The committee

was

selected during the time of ser-vice of the writer's predecessor and the able and affable character of the men made the work of the writer most agreeable and made possible a well backed and definite program.

During the month of December it was planned to have

J. M. R.odgers of the State Farm Bureau train a group of solicitors who would put on a membership campaigh for t the Farm Bureau. The school was called for Jan. 23-24, 1922. Mr. Rodgers came but the response from prospective solicitors was not sufficient to warrant putting on a campaign. Two men from the Forder comw"unity, John

Schreiber and ~v.m. Stevens arranged to solicit their com-munity but the progress was not satisfactory and since no communication could be established except by mail

which reached the railroad in the opposite direction taking 5 or 6 days for exchange of correspondence the campaign had to be dropped. Members of the executive committee were more successful but not successful enough to continue the campaigh. March 18th., was set as the date for the annual meeting for reports and the

reselect-ion of officers. Mr. J. M. Rodgers was to address the meeting. He arrived by train during the night but by

morning a severe blizzard was on which continued with such severity throughout the day that no body st~rred from

their homes and the whole matter ·had to drop. The Ex· ecutive committee howevar continued -its labors and sup-port of the Extension program.

The same men continued their active .support of the work through the summer and fall but Mr. Schnebly, the president, announced that as soon as it could be

proper-ly done he would be compelled, because of press of work at home to ask to be released from the work. The mis-fortune of lack of representative membership in the Farm Bureau from which to select an executive committee and

~he barring of active responsibitity for membership

cam-paigns of the Extension Agent has made some alternative highly desirable. The Extension work has been carried to each community of the county and eaeh community of the county was visited on schedule and work was taken up in some manner in nearly every conununity. This made a unit of some kind in each community and opened up an opper-tunity to put on some form of local organization unit. There were in the County two live unity of the Farmers Union. Through one of these the conmunity program was put on. More dormant organizations became active. One of these invited the Extension Agent to be present at their rally day but because of pre~ous appointments

this was tmpossible and Jesse Thomas, .SecJ., volunteer• ed to speak at the meeting in behalf of Extension work. Mr. Thomas' .car was overturned enroute and he was unable to make the date. On Wednesday, Feb. 8th. another rally of the Pioneer Local was held and the Extension Agent was present; also Prof. Me Ginty of the Horticultural Department, .County nurse and County supt. of Schools. At this meeting two leaders were selected for club work. Mrs. Link for girls work and Mr. R. J. Seaberg for boys work. No other line of work was taken up.

The organization work put on in the different com-munities of the county created a centre of interest and

layed the foundation for the development of some form of farmers organization. The Extension Agent was not at liberty to say what that form of organization should be.

Meantbne the Farmers' Union of the State sent an organization into the county. The Equity Elevator at Hugo was getting into a critical condition and this or-ganizer began plans to organize a local which in turn should charter a new group to finance the elevator

pro-ject. This took much time and was later reenforced by sending another organizer to complete the taak. This was accomplished and the elevator was taken over. Pra-ctically the same board of directors was rechosen but

as a Union organization instead of an Equity organization. Organizers proposed to form other locals and inquiries came to the Extension Agent about what form of organiz-ation would be desirable. Accordingly a meeting was ar-ranged for Karval School house Saturday, afternoon, Feb. 25th, and the Grange, the Farmers Union, and the Farm Bureau sent two representatives each to explain to the people present the purposes and prindiples of each or-ganization which was done in a very friendly spirit. The arguments were interspersed with readings, Musie, etc., and the Bxtension Agent feels that much good was

.

(

accomplished in having these representatives meet each other and exchange views for a considerable spirit of an-tagonism was in process of developing as between organiz-ations of far~ers and Extension work was sharing some of the antagonism. The Extension Agent feels that far~ers organizations and enterprises have little to gain in an-tagonizing each other. This meeting was worth while from the Extension standpoint also for or~anizers understand better than before. The Grange and pt~¢t and the Farm Bureau have not put organizers into the field since that time and the Union organizers have been at work a~ost constantly with a net result to date of two revived

organ-izations and four new organorgan-izations, making a total of eight live union locals. The Extension Agent feels that the development of the farms and homes should be carried on through existing local channels.

The Simpson plan of tying together the active organ-izations of the county both Farmers and commercial, in a unit¢~ by representatives to develope a united program

ar·

county development is another big move to unite efforts rather than divide or scatter them. This matter was taken up with the Execit&ve committee and the Secy., Mr. Thomas had a conference with the Board of County Commissioners

looking toward working out a plan for strengthening Ext-ension work which is Cou~ty Development. The Commis4ion-ers did not adopt the plan but felt that they should have an expression of the people. Accordingly the Exten-sion Agent has arranged the following program:

Program of Annual Meeting County EXtension Work Court House, Hugo, Colo. 10 A. M. Dec. 9, 1922 mnvocation Rev. H. J. Batteral Pastor M.E. Church Hug& Club members and Leaders at the State Fair, Roy Hecht

Leader Sand Hill Pig Club Hugo Girls as Pig Club members

Leader Walk's Camp Pig Club Mrs. John A. Huffman Liinon

Appointment of committees, Organization, Projectc Resolutions

Teaching Boys to raise corn A. A. Marquardt

Leader Yellow Jacket corn club Arriba

Club word as a factor in community building · Mrs.· E. L. Beedy

Leader Busy Workers Swe1ng club Bovina

Training a Sewing Demonstration team Leader Sunshine Sewing club How I handled a large Club

Leader U Sew I Sew Sewing Club

5

Mrs.

w.

L. Link Ge-noa Mrs. Ray I. Sellon

NOON BASKET

DINNER

l:OO p. M. Address of welcome Judge P.

o.

Hedlund Hugo

Response T.

c.

Schnebly Pres. Lincoln County Far.m Bureau Boyero .Report of Act1v1t1es(annual) J.

L.

Thomas Secy Co.

F. Bureau

Genoa

REPORTS OF C.OMMITTEES How to put on a community Fair

See'y Karval Community Fair Crop Rotation Problems

Wilbur Welch Karval Crops Leader Buffalo Basin Community Burton Rice Hugo

Next Year Extension Agent

Representatives of all farmers and commercial organiza-tions of Lincoln County have been invited to attend and assist in the county development plans for the coming year. Bring your dinner in a basket and we'll eat to• gather in the courthouse.

Extension Agent

Notices have been sent to all the live organizations of the coujty asking that they send representatives to this meeting (Dec. $) with power to act for them in work•

ing out

fpt

& unified program of county development, and a community program that will fit the needs and desires of the local community.

The files of the Extension Agent~ office reveal the

fact that the form of Farm Bureau organization adopted while P. N. Flindt, was county Agent under date of June 27, 19161 was this plan with representatives from the far.meD and commercial organizations then in existence in

in attendance. An individual membership fee of $.50 per year and an organization fee

or

$5.00 was agreed upon. The Extension Agent believes that the fee is a source of weakness to the Extension Program and that an a~isory

institution without fees well accomplish more than mem-berships upon a fee basis. This entire matter will be presented to ~he representatives of the county Saturday, Dec. 9th. in the coufise of the program to be developed

that day. It is to be hoped that some plan will be work• ed out that will be agreeable to the best thinkers of the county. A county wide Calendar and Program are among the purposes and hopes of this new venture for the name which our county bears should be an inspiration to every one of its cit1z8ns to a real vision of service to mankind.

Field Organization of Extension Work

The map on page 28 of the Extension Agent's last annual report shows the community boundaries that were

s·en up by the Extension Agent merely for the purpose of developing conununity interest around which to put on a program of crop rotation, Boy's and Girls' clubs,

Com-munity Fairs and Poultry work.

Starting with the idea that the work of an Exten-sion Agent is purely educational, purely that of giving information to the people of his county in such a way that they may be able to use that infor.mation in a con-structive way and rebuild where advisable the plans of their far.m and home life, for e~ple the club members in raising pigs have put into use changes. in feeding

methods that several fathers have adopted to their own financial benefit.

As explained in the last annual report a plan was developed for the Extension Agent to visit the

communit·-ies of the county once each month and that in scheduled order so that the people might have something definite to look towards in receiving the information that they might wish along the lines that they were attempting to

demon-strate for their neighbors. vVhen meetings vfere thought

desirable they were arranged for these dates when the Extension Agent could be present. Upon other occasions meetings were not necessary and the agent visited

pro-ject leadere and demonstrators or con.Yili.ttee men to ass-ist in any way that he might be able to do in carrying the work to a satisfactory conclusion.

During the year no part of the schedule was missed on account of bad roads except the week beginning April lOth •• A furious blizzard started late Sunday afternoon April 9th. and piled snow several feet deep around obstr-uctions and made travel impossible. The following Mon-day the schedule was resumed.

The Schedule was interrupted during the summer con-ference of Extension Workers at Fort Lewis on the West-ern slope. Then when September came Vlith its community, county, and state Fairs the schedule was completely

bro-ken up. The schedule was again broken up while · the Ex-tension Agent was in the office making his Annual Report. While the Extension Agent was at the Extension Workers Conference in Jan. the dates were merely shifted as on the schedule plan there are four weeks scattered through the year that are not scheduled and these ser~e a useful pur• pose in shifting dates which can be done by announce~ ments while in these communities affected by the shift.

Another obstacle in the schedule is the fact that visits: 7

of specialists do not always coincide with the schedule in place of doing that particular line of work.

But the fact is that a definite plan and definite schedule followed alike by the Extension Agent and the specialists of the Agricultural College for the year in advance has appealed to the good semre of the farmers of Lincoln County and has made a vast difference in the res-ponse of the people to adopt plans that can work out to their advantage.

The amount of work and of records that the Extension Agent has on hands is several times heavier than a year ago at this time. Nearly every community has put on a part or all of the quartet program. The voltune of office work has made it necessary for the Extension Agent to re-vise his plans to be able to keep the records of the

off-ice is such shape ax to be of roost value to the offoff-ice and the people. For the coming year beginning Dec. 4, the Agent is planning to combine communities in about three places so as to make it possible to spend two two days each week in the office to keep the records in bett-er shape. On the past year's plan two weeks of the mon-th mon-the Agent would leave mon-the office on Monday morning and not return till Friday night. The new plan will per-mit his return those weeks on Thursday night. The other

two weeks the Agent can return usually each night but long daily drives are necessary even then. The absence of hotels in the south or big end o~ the county makes it necessary to stop at Farm houses. This makes an opper" tunity to get into the family life of a member of the farmers, strengthening the relationship of the Extension service to the problems of the farm and the home for in these visits many problems are followed to their logical conclusion and ·solutions are worked out that have not been worked out so satisfactorily in any other way. In these evenings the conversations easily run to extension work in other communities and the State at large. A num-ber of the problems of Poultry have been worked out with such detail that prindiples not previously clear and ex-plained in a way that many would not get 1n a meeting nor privately. except around the family circle. The Ex~ tension Agent's records are suffering at these times but the value of the service is increased greatly.

The contemplated changes in the schedule are shown by compari~on on page 9

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Some of the other considerations leading to the change are that large ranches make some of the communit-ies of small numbers and their natural centres outside of their own local school house will accommodate the group in connection with other groups. For this reason Lawnridge is to be combined with Lincoln Valley and Swift with Tri County. For other reasons Bovina and Genoa will

Be combined. Also the two office days will make it pos-sible to get the most value out of the specialists and do the least violence to the sehedule.

Pattonsburg coiDmunity will extend from the correct-ion line between Townships 10 and 11, south to the large ranches on Rush Creek, including Harmony Centre. Amy is a small group that can likely be handled with a few pro•

jects.

BUFFALO BASIN

The schedule the past year has begun with Buffalo Bas-is, the first Monday in the month. The presentation of the proposed projects at first to individuals whom out-side inquiry revealed as "the right one" told the idea · to the individuals singly first then calling a meeting leaders were selected and their work again explained collectively at considerable length.

Burton Rice, Hugo, was selected as crops leader. Mr. Rice secured fourteen of his neighbors who agreed to follow his plan and each reported the acreage in his rotation plan. These figures were reported to the Ext-ension Agent and recorded in the record of that

commun-ity. Clyde Warner was selected as garden club leader and Mrs. J. Palmateer as cavning club leader. No Com-munity Fair co~~ittee was selected but Mrs. Clyde Warner was selected as Poultry Leader. All of Hugo Post Office.

The Commissioners meet the first Monday of the month and are always in session Tuesday so Tuesday was

spent in the office.

ARRIBA

Wednesday is spent in the Arriba community. The same plan was followed here as in the Buffalo Basin com-munity. The men reputed to be the right ones to see were visited and seemed much interested with the plan. Acc-ordingly a meeting was ·called for Wednesday afternoon, Jan. 4, 1922 at the School House. As this was the sched-uled date of

w.

R~ Freeman, Assistant State Club Leader, Club work was explained to the adults present who were with the pupilsof the high school in the east room of the Arriba High School. After a brief explanation of the work by the extension. Agent the adults retired to a

separate room where the community organization work was put on as follows. Crops Leader J. G. Cannon, Arriba, P.

o.,

Who afterward withdrew from further participation be. vause of his age and poor hearing • . G. R. Kolassa and ~~. Kraxberger each later gave the Extension Agent plots of their rotation plans. Mrs Bruce Multhaup·· was select.-ed as leader of the girls work and F.

w.

Ballard as pig Club leader. Mr. Freeman went of the plan of organizat-ion and conduct of the work with each individually no other leaders were selected.

SBAW

At the Lucore School House the following morning plans. of county extension work were explained and Mr. Freeman explained plans of club -work. It was decided to leave the plans till the next visit of the county Extension Agent. In the afternoon at the Lincoln

School house corn cooking and sewing club work was de~ cid4d upon and A. A. Marquardt, Arriba; Mrs. A. F.

Kleber, Arriba; and Mrs. E. L. Beedy, Bovina, were chosen to lead each line of cll1b work. Mr. Freeman went over the plans of club work with each Leader

individually •

. At a later date J. A. Eleber, Bovina, was select-ed as crops Leader.

Louis Miller as Pig· Club Leader.

A. F. Kemp as community Fair Committee man. At the Lucore School House Thursday, Feb. 9th., with an attendance of twenty nine people the following program and leaders were selected.

man.

Mrs. Geo. Eller, Arriba, leader of the Sewing Club. N. A. Switzer, Arriba, as leader of the Pig Club. George Eller, Arriba, as Co~~unity Fair Committee-At a .later dateChas. E. Culler, Arriba, was selected as leader of the Calf Club.

The Farmers' Union selected D. J.J. Way 1 Arriba, as

Fair Committeeman.

UNION

At a meeting of the Far.mers' Union Friday, Nov. 4th., 1921, A. R. Andersen, Genoa, was selected as crops Leader.

Mrs.

w.

p. Jones, Genoa, was selected as the . girls' v-lub Leader.

J. M. Jackett was selected as the boys' club Leader.

w.

J. Suchanek, Genoa; J. H. Johnson, Limon; and J. M. Jackett, Genoa, were chosen as Community Fair

Comm-itteemen.

Mrs. Ella Hansen, Genoa, was chosen Poultry Leader.

At a meeting of the Pioneer Union Feb. 8th., Mrs.

w.

p. Link, Genoa, was selected as club Leader and Cecil Taylor, Shaw; and H. R. Adams, Shaw, as · Fair Committee-men.

R. J. Seaberg; was selected later as ~Boys' Club

Leader.

The clubs of R. J. Seaberg and Mrs. Jones did not start.

The only club that started in the Union C~unity was that of Mrs. Link.

KARVAL

The second Monday in the month was Karval community selected the following culling demonstration.

at Karval. The

at a Poultry Crop Rotation and Corn Club Leader

Cooking Club. Leader Mrs~ J. R. Hodgson, Karval Roy Barringer,

Amy

Fred Cain, Karval

Pig Club Leader

Community Fair Committeemen Geo.

w.

Patterson, Karval

Wi1hbur Welch, Karval Poultry Leader

CARR CROSSING

John Gunde·rsen, Karval Henry Kravig, Karval

Mrs. Claude Ellis, Karval The plan of individual work to get the Extension

pro-gram started was followed in this community two different times together with one visit to a Literary where plans were explained before the meeting was called.

Carr Crossing, the four townships south of the four in the Karval Community sele_cted;

Crop Rotation Leader John Clegg, Carr Crossing

Pig Club Leader T. D. Nelson, Carr Crosang

Sewing Club Leader Mrs. Chas. Howard, and

Mrs. R. H. Wood, Carr Crossing, but neither club met more than once.

Community Fair Committeemen John Clegg, Carr Crossing Allen Buckner, Carr Crossing Chas. Grtmes, Carr Crossing

Hans. Sorensen, Karval

Fred Mossman, Carr Crossing

Poultry Leader Mrs. John Clegg, Carr Crossing

TRI COUNTY

Tri-County community occupies four towaships in the southeast corner of the county. They selected at their Grange meeting the following:

Crop Rotation Leader Pig Club Leader

Community Fair Committee

c. c.

Lyle, Haswell

Mrs.

s.

L. Galbraith, Haswell Gad Barney# Haswerl

w.

L. Cooper, Haswell

F. E.

Atkinson, Haswell

..

SWIFT

The Swift connnunity is even more ·sparsely settled than Tri County but at a meeting of the community at the hame of Geo. Vanderhoof the following was aeeomplished:

Crops Rotation Leader

w.

s.

White, Karval Pig Club Leader Geo. Vanderhoof, Karval

Poultry Leader Mrs. Clint Zllffinerman, Boyero BOYERO

Boyero is on the U.P.R.R. eighteen miles southeast of Hugo and took up club work only on the 17th. of March selecting three leaders.

Pig Club Leader 1st. Year Sewing 2nd. Year Sewing BOVINA

T.

c.

Schnebly, Boyero Gladys Presse, Boyero Mrs. H. L. Welch, Boyero The third Monday the schedule called for Bovina. The reaction here was heavy. On March 20th., a culling demonstration was arranged for, at the home of Mr.

Kau~an in Bovina and after the demonstration Extension

plans were discussed with the twenty people present who selected:

Crops Rotation Leader Mr. J.

c.

Andersen, Bovina Poultry Leader Mrs. J.

s.

Kerwin, Bovina When the Extension Agent began to press for action on Fair and Club work one person "boiled overu and said that the community was in a fight and was not in shape to take up other public activities at that time but gave ass.-urance that the community desired to line up when local eondititons would make it possible, when the community could pull together.

GEN.BA

The Genoa community has many live wire people in it and meetings not giving the desired results due to miss-apprehensions about the development of something new in its relation to existing farmers' organizations the extension agent secured the cooperation .of Oscar

c.

Allen, Genoa,

As crops leader, who in turn interested four or five other farmers in the crops work. Three attempts were

made on different occasions to start club work but the lack of unified backing from the community made it non effect-ive.

WALK'S CAMP

In the Walk's Camp community the work was lined up largely by individual effort. The "right ones" were

.

'

readily found. This is explained by the fact of a live Sunday School and Church organization in which the matter of organization and accomplishment are kept constantly before the people. The Pard Association, to be mention-ed under club activities, is another evidence of the value of this constant organized training and teaching . that is of greater value to a community than is commonly appreciated.. In this com:m.unlty at different times the following was developed.

Crops Rotation Leader F. E. Huffman, Limon

Pig Club Leader

Mrs.

J.

A.·

Hufr.man, Limon

Poultry Leader Mrs. A. ·J. Malcom, L~on

Community Fair Committee John A. Huffman, Limon Allen Lundy, Limon Glem Somerville, Limon All of these committees functioned actively and creditably.

LIMON

In the town of Limon cl~b a~ivities were fostered by the superintendent and this wa.s a considerable factor

in gettlng Pig Club work started. School difficulties interfeered wlth the development of the local cJub how-ever.

In the territory south of Ltmon it was found nec" essary to make a new map for the township line running through what was formerly called the Pattonsburg commun-ity was a natural barrier and those north of the line seldom cross south of it and vice versa. Pig Club work was not started but the people pledged a hearty cooper-ation early in the comming season.

PATTONSBURG

In the Pattonsburg community calls for meetings were not successful. At the Poultry Culling

demonstr-ation held by Mr. Ufford at the home of John Belveal the largest meeting for poultry work that w~s held in the county was gathered but by the time the poultry work was through the wind was so cold that no expla-nation of Extension Plans were given. However Mr. J.

F. Bar.mington, Hugo, had been working on some crop rotation plans with the writers predecessor and this

relationship was continued. Roy Hecht, Hugo, was thought to be the right one for club leader and a visit to his place was well repaid in the response that he made. He

He began actively to work on developing club work and

secured the leadership or Mrb. Ray I. Sellon, Hugo, who secured the largest enrollment of any single club in the county.

FORDER

but it was found necessary to go through either Lin-coln valley or Forder so the schedule was changed from Lawnridge to Forder. Individual work soon aroused an

interest and meetings met a hearty response. The ex-planation of Extension work brought an excellent res-ponse and a full program was put on and carried through.

Crops Rotation Leader Jas • . R. Stevens, Ordway *1 Sewing Club L~ader Mrs. Frank Reed, Ordway *1

~ig Club Leader T.

o.

Forgey, Ordway

Community Fair Committee Chas. Jobes, Ordway

s.

A. Wineinger, Karval

J. A. Schreiber, Ordway *1

P. H. Wolf, Forder

J. B. B~nnington, Forder

Poultry Leader Mrs. J. Q. Potter, Forder

Mrs. J. A. Schreiber, Ordway *1 Subsequent trips were used in assisting these

lead-ers to put on the program and in each case the work was very satisfactory. This community is in an adobe valley where farming operations are not so profitable on the

av-·

erage as in the flat upland which has more sand in it. However the far.m of Mr. Stevens is quite sandy and soil blowing is one of his maim problems.

LAWNRIDGE

This community occupies a ridge between the ran-dus of Horse Creek and Little Horse Creek on s~ndy land. A debate had been held in the early fall relative to the value of County Agent work and had aroused much interest favorable to the work so much of the preliminary individ-ual work was unnecessary. At a meeting called for the Lawnridge school house Monday, Dec. 26, thirty one people were present. On this trip the Extension Agent learned the wisdom of changing from I~wnridge to Forder for Mon-days' work for he spent the noon hour in Horse Creek, stuck, missed his dinner and· arrived at the meeting place thirty minutes late. An explanation of the plan resulted in the adoption of a full program.

Crops Rotation Leader

c.

J. Logan, Rush

Pig Club Leader E. T. Hughes, Rush

Community Fair Committee M.

c.

Snodgrass, Rush Maggie Munda, Rush

R. F. Cooper, Rush

Dan Munda, Rush

Chas. Hall, Rush S. T. Tyler, Rush

Poultry Leader Mrso M.

c.

Snodgrass, Rsuh

One .incident of this meeting is worthy of note. When the name of Mr . Logan was mentioned as crops Lea-der he said he gqassed he was the right .man for he was the poorest farmer in the community. A neighbor aeplied that they could make fun of Mr. Logan and it didn't

hurt him. We want him. HENRY CENTRE

This community is about as thickly settled as any four townships of the county. The schools have been combined into ·One .with two trucks hauling the children and two teachers handling the work from the prfmary to the lOth grade.- The school building is frame, two large rooms and basement with furnace heater.

At a meeting at this school house in November and at mater times the following committees were appolnted.

Crops Rotation Leader

w.

L. Price, Kendrick

Sewing Club Leader Mrs.

w.

A. Payne, Kendrick

Pig Club Leader

w.

A. Payne, Kendrick

Community Fair Committee J. E. Ashworth, Ordway *2

H. F. Gasser, Kendrick

H. J. Tuttle, Kendrick Robert Gideon, Kendrick Art Prose 1 Kendrick

Poultry Leader Mrs. W. A. Payne, Kendrick

LINCOLN VALLEY

At the poultry culling demonstration at Hall Station in November 1921 the following resulted.

Pig Club Leader Chas. Allen, Rush

Potato Club Leader Eeonard Spi~~an, Rush

Cmrununity Fair Committee Ray Rieck, Rush

J. J. Hall, Rush E. E. Tefft, Rush

Poultry Leader Mrs . J. J. Hall, Rush

Mrs. Hall was instrumental in getting the Potato club work started and sedured the Leadershipof Leonard Spillman, Rush.

The selection of a crop rot~tion leader was not accomplished through the year. The adopted program, however, was carried through the year.

The task of organizing the Extension activities of Harmony Centre was pursued for four months and them abon-doned. Work was attempted at Amy with somewhat better re-sults but the necessary preliminary time had ~een usea elsewhere and before the work could be lined up proper-ly it was too late to count on a very effective program and none was adopted save to have a poultry culling dem-onstration at the home of F. J. Taylor.

CROP ROTATION

The homestead or settlers period of the development of Lincoln county began in earnest about sixteen years ago, reaching its height about eight years ago. Since then the rural population has declined as evidenc-ed by

the deserted "shacks" that are in evidence even in its best rarming communities. Many of these deser·ted home-steads stand as a monUm.ent to the inability of the set-tler to supply himself with the necessaries of life from the proceeds of 320 acres. Some have moved into towns on account of schools for their children. Some nor one reason and same for another, but in ghe total many have came and gone. Many also have stayed and made good.

In the north part of the county wheat and in the south part corn and beans . have been the crops that have yielded most and made it possible for the homesteader to "stick" • In the south part of · the county corn has been the major crop and on some fields has been grown continuously for twelve to fifteen years. It is the his-tory of most of our older settled countr·ies that a long continued farming to one crop has been disastrous.

Renee the development of a system of crop rotation that would prepare Lincomn county against that day is a mat" ter of much interesto In same of these corn fields the Extension Agent hax found two to three per cent of blast-ed stalks due presumably to the accumulation of adverse conditions t-hat are best overcome by changing the crops on the land. Wheat after wheat has not been as profit• able in the north end as desired_ so that some thange of that plan seems desirable.

In the sandier portion of the county which is indeed the best portion for beal'Ul and corn the bean land has blown· so badly as to make bean raising hazardous. Silage

campaigns were put on a few years ago and land thus left bare has become quite a serious problem and nearly all of the silos on sandy land 'have remained empty .for the past two years. All 'light lands left bare except came and millet stubble have been subject to serious blowing which has always been an injury to the soil. Hence for · Lincoln county the problem of cro~ rotation has centered

around three main points. 1- store moisture ahead of the crop. 2- Prevent blowing. 3- Add humus.

Among the farmers -that have farmed in this county ten to fifteen years there is an occasional suggestion that the rainfall increases with the acreage in cultivat-ion but the past season of scant rainfall has discredited that belief somewhat. It seems to be true however that as good farming methods are followed more moisture is

stored than is used by the crops in years when the moist-ure is adequate and is available to prevent failmoist-ures when inadequate moisture conditions prevail. It is bey-ond dispute that rainfall is irregular. Also winds blow seriously hard and that the accumu lated store of humus from the scant growth of grass for the centuries or the past is not sufficient to warrant using without any re• gard to replenishing the scant supply.

Photograpb. no. 1 taken the 11th. or May, shows what happens to unprotected light soils from one days south wind. Our hard winds come from the north and usually during the winter and early spring ·but this one undoubt-edly a world traveler caught us on the way back.

The Buffale Basin community has all its land like this .and to prevent just such things as the picture shows is a real pr oblem. This picture was not however taken in that community. When ]Ar. Burton Rice was selec&ed as crops rotation leader he set out at once to get some of his neighbors to work out the same problems. He secured the cooperation of fourteen farmers and got their pledge of plan and the crops to be used together with the acre-age of each farmer. Mr~ Rice's plan is to list corn in

the spring, single listing onl~. This leaves what ever

trash there is on the land at or near the surface so that a day's hard wind will only -drift dirt off to the trash which will save the erop and has saved his crops from being covered too deeply to come up. rf .the moist-ure is sufficient this corn land is sowed to fall wheat

or fall rye.. This was done the summer of 1921 and a · good stand was secured. No stalks or stubble is pastur-P,d on Mr. Rice's far.m. The death of about two hundred head of cattle from cornstalk disease should be interpret• ed as a warning to keep cattle out of the stalks because the soil needs the protection from blowing. Not only that but our snows fall with a wind. All lands that have a coat of stalks or stubble ··or even weeds will accumulate quantities of drifting snows that are very much worth while. One corn field containing 100 acres was reported to the extension Agent accumulating the drifting xnows on the north edge and the drift was gradually lighter each succeeding snow until the south side of the field had very little drift. The next season the field was put back to corn. The north edge made 35bu. per acre and the y4eld gradually lessened to 15 bp. per acre on the south side. The party reporting said the snowwas the only point of difference in the field all other fac-tors were the same.

Mr. Rice plans to follow wheat with wheat or rye and then back to corn. Trash of some kind on the ground is

necessary. The moistur e condition for 1922 was not sat-isfactory and seeding to small gr4in was postponed till early in November when seeding was done by drilling into the stubble and the stalks.

Yields of small grain were not satisfactory among the fifteen farmers of the Buffalo Basin communi ty run-ning from five to ten bushels per acre. Low ydeld is accounted for by them on account of lack of moisture and the fact that the lands they tried had already been in corn too long. All report that they ·have accomplished the

main purposes which are to leave a coveripg on the land during the winter and spring to prevent blowing and the change of eropa on the land. Mr. Rice reports that under the above s~stem the only land on his place that blew

during the sand storm at all was his garden which had just been prepared for seeding. Sand from this cut off

on~ons and other perennial crops that were growing along

the north side of the garden. Mr. Rice's plan is a three year plan, corn, wheat, and wheat or rye. This contemplates fall small grain as the spring has not done well. The introduction of Petkus or Rosen Rye will be

one of the features of the work of that community for the comming year as the improved ·rye has outyielded the common in every case wher e comparisons have been made

in this county.

ARRIBA

Mr. G. R. Kolassa one of the crops men from the Arriba community has something of the same plan t hough he is in the wheat belt and his land does not blow unless badly used. Being in the wheat belt he plans the major part of his work for wheat. His plan includes Fall and Spring wheat, corn, cane, and millet. He will follow the corn with spring wheat but has not introudced any summer fallow work yet. His farm operations cover about 200 acres with wheat comprising about 130 acreso

Mr. W:m. Kraxberger has introuduced alfalfa and con-templates increasing this acreage. His grain plan includes-summer fallow on seventy five acres for 1922 and increas• ing the summer fallow area to 106 acres in 1923. We wish to emphasiza the value of a program that contemplates in" creasing theae two important lines alfalfa and summer tillage. Records of these two farms will be of value for next year's work but are not reported now.

SHAW

Mr. J. A. Kleber has been following the plan of list-ing corn in seven foot rows and cultiwatlist-ing the full

spaee, sowing to wheat in August. His yield of wheat is reported as seventeen and one half bushels per acre. The idea of his plan is that the corn does not take out all the moisture and wheat can be started in August. Then

and he believes that this storing of snow should replace most of the moisture taken by . the corn. This plan looks good but the proof of the plan will be watched with much interest. The exact plan is corn wide rows one year, wheat two years plowing and seeding back after

harvest-ing the first year wheat. Paul Rovida, Cross Bros. and R. R. Lucore were following some work along a similar

line ·but figures are not available at this time.

UNION

1~. Auders R. Andersen the leader for the Union comw munity has had a number of years experience with his

fa-ther in summer tillage work for his fafa-ther is the Pioneer of this work and while phenomenal yields are not reported. the Andersens have made a steady gain in farming

operat-ions.

KARVAL AND CARR CROSS ING

The conditions in these two communities are very similar in the farming area which 1s the ~lat upland part 6f the e i~ht townships inc lu.ded -in the two c onunun-1ties9 Corn is the big crop. There has been some work done with small grain which has only been fairly satis-factory. However Mr. Hans. Sorensen exhibited some thr)es ... hedrye that was awarded first in its class at the State Fair and Alfred Peterson won first at the State fair on ten stalks of corn. But the plans as outlined did not bring results of a constructive nature.

It should be remarked in passing that the largest yield of beans per acre for this year was secured by John Riffe of Karval, who hand picked his seed. and list-ed ver.~ deep. He harvested nine hundred lbs. per acre. At $.07 t~is makes a nice return on $20.00 land.

TRI-COUNTY

The

writers predecessor had outlined a plan of sum~

mer tillag~ with Mr.

c. c.

Lyle which he followed ver-y closely on a fourty acre field. Conditions developed favorably for this work in 1920 and in 192i

Mr.

Lyle's . fourty acres threshed an average of 35! bu. per acre.

There were eight acres of Kanred that · produced· a little more than fourty bushels per acre. This plan was

foll-owed with the same exactness the next year but the com-panion forty acres to the one that produced so well the year before threKhed thirteen bushels per acre.

•,

There was a 15% hai 1 loss paid to mr. Lyle which added to his thirteen bushels threshed would make a return of about 15 bu. per acre. Mr. ·Lyle's plan is o~ 120 acres,

40 acres ~ corn and

i

Kafir, 40 acres s~er tilled and

40 acres in wheat. Photograph no. 2 shows this wheat June 29thl, 1922. No this was not taken in a cyclone .it was a faulty film.

SWIFT

Mr.

w.

s.

White, uncle of Burton Rice developed a four year plan of rotation that he planned on trying out on a 40 acre field 10 acres each to corn, barley, spring wheat, and cane. This field blows badly but can be held. What was. in ·Barley held but· the strip to ·be planted later to corn blew quite badly in the storm of May lOth. ~his plan would attempt to bring about the following conditiono Corn stalks would be left to hold the land on the north ten acrew for example during the following winter and also catch the drifting snows make a suitable place for Barley. The barley stubble would be left for the second winter which would be dieeed quite heavily leaving the trash on top of the ground to be seeded to spring wheat which stubble would do the double duty named above for the third winter. This would be plowed in April or May quite deeply and put to cane drilled thick. Cane stubble . land holds in the lightest land and if this were cut a

few inches high it would also eatch same snow. BOYERO

No crop rotation work was developed through the reg-ular channel.

George Hatton had been following a number of plans with the writer's predecessor looking toward the develop-ment of a plan to farm his very light sandy land success• fully. This is about the lightest aand that it would seem to be possible to farm successfully. He has tried out the method of strip farming that several have found quite satisfactory but this does not hold his land. Likewise the fall seeding has proven a failure for two falls this seeding has dried out and died. Alfalfa has ·been seeded

in eorn a couple of times in land with an underflow that would make alfalfa groVI very pro~itable if once the alfal-fa could be carried through one year. Corn growing is

quite successful. The necessary solution is first to store moisture the next is to ·get a crop established on the land that will protect it from blowing. Millet or

cane seeded thick in July or August depending upon the ttme of a big rain, sowing alfalfa 4t the same time is the plan to start alfalfa in the lowland and probably cane or millet the first crop looking towards the making of a cover erop, failing in this weeds are to be the last resort to get humus and surface builder.

BOVINA

J.

c.

Andersen has had e~even years experience with summer tillage without a failure and with an average yeild of 21 bu. of wheat per acre, he outlines a plan with the Extension Agent to try the wide row of corn method and

seed to wheat in August, recognizing that bare land acc-,~ulates little snow. This is to be tried on a small scale only.

GENOA

Mr. Oscar Allen and the Extension Agent worked out a plan of rotation whereby he will use one field of one hundred and thirty five acres for summer tillage in

1922 sowing wheat in August for the 1923 crop. Then the stubble land is to be put into corn planting every row but very thin in the row to be sovm to fall wheat in Aug-ust, 1924.

Another field is to be planted to eorn in 1922 and sown to wheat in the corn in the field in Aug., 1922 for the 1923 crow and back to corn in the spring of 1924. Mr. Allen has secured the cooperation of three of his neighbors to try the above plans of crop rotation.

Mr. Jesse L. Thomas, Secy. of the Lincoln county Farm Bureau with the Extension Agent has worked out a plan to put 600 acres in a three year rotation plan. This plan is to start in 1923 wigh 200 acres ofFall Rye sown in the spring to be pastured with 100 head of cattle what the field will carry. The next year this will be allovted to mature ·a crop of rye and will be cut for grain. The third year this 200 amres will be in corn and cane,

100 acres of each. Silos will be filled from the corn and cane and will be fed as dry roughage. A section and a half of land is used for this particular plan while an additional quarter is to be sown to wheat on a summer tillage plan which will make 80 acres in wheat and 80 acres summer tillage each year.

"'t

The section and a half is divided by two draws which ~aka good native pasture and provides in addition patches total;ing probably sixty acres for alfalfa about one third of which is now producing profitable alfalfa. This is hard land and does not blow unless serioualy misused•

Mr. Thomas has a purebred herd .of Duroc Jersey hogs and his rye will be used with alfalfa and corn as hog feedo

WALK'S CAMP

Mr. Frank E. Huffman crops leader and vice president of the Lincoln County Farm Bureau -is firmly established

in his belief that summer tillage is the check valve

against crop failures from drought. A plan was developed by Mr. Huffman and taken up· with the Limon National Bank

of which he is a director and $90.00 was offered on two

prizes, $50.00 for the largest yield and $40.00 for the largest net profit per acre. Mr. Huffman called a group

of farmers together and they agreed upon the following plan of work.

RULES OF CONTEST

Field must contain at least 20 acres. Plat showing location on farm must be in the hands of the local board

by May 1, 1922~ Ground shall be measured, harvesting and threshing done with one or more contestants present. While this is a gentlemen's agreement, for your own

pro-tection, we suggest that you have your ground and crop inspected as often as possible. Each contestant will be required to keep a record of all work done on contest tract which should be handed in to she secretary by Nov.

1, 1922. Different operations shall be figured ·by the

rollowing. Rates

Plowing $2.00 per acre

Drilling · .40 11 " Harrowing .15

"v "

Double Discing .75 u " Single Discing .40 " " Acme Harrow • 40 11 _" Listing • 75 " Cultivating .40 " tt tt ON SOD Plowing Double Diseing Single discing

Seed wheat $1.00 per bushel

$3.00 1.00

.so

Prices of wheat on October 1, 1923 will be taken as the basis for figuring total income.

CONTEST CLOSES NOVEMBER 1, 1923

As a means of securing data that would be of value to the eounty in cost of production studies further than contemplated above the Farm Management specialist, .Mr.

T. H. Sunnners prepared

these men in reporting the following blank as their operations.

SUMl-LER FALLOW WHEAT COHTEST RECORD

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Twenty six men have started on this contest with 20 acres each. Among the ~plements used to keep down the weeds on this summer tillage land the ttclulonen used by Mr. Ole Slind is worthy of mention. This tool is

made of two 3"xl2"xl2' bridge plank fastened edge to edge to edge with about ei~ht knives to each half which are set running flat about two or three inches under the sur-face with the sharp edge sloping out on each half and theblades overlapping slightly so as to be sure not to miss any weeds; This machine is said to be i~ common use in parts of California and ·washington states. It requires four good horses to pull it, It leaves no weeds and does not pulve.riae the surface unduly.

PATTONSBURG

Mr. J. F. Barmington bought a plaee that was Sl\ndy, had two silos on it and the bare land was blowing so

bad-ly that at ttmes he could not see buildings twenty feet from the house for the dust. The writer's predecessor

and the former Far.m Management specialist Mr. Chase, had

developed a plan of rotation that had proven successful in preventing blowing • . This plan contemplated small grain, fall wheat, and fall rye following corn, leaving the stalks on the ground. oats in the spring has also been satis-factory both in yield and in accomplishing the main pur-pose. Cane has ·been substituted ·~or corn as silage and fall grain sowed which was also satisfactory from the standpoint of holding the land and getting a profitable return. But in the feeding of this cane ~ilage to steers in the feed lot they refused to eat it after about the first month and the cane silage from last year is .still on hands.

FORDER

The rotation plan of Jas. H. Stevens contemplates

the deve'lopment of a plan that wtll prevent blowing and

introduce sweet clover as a protein crop.

Mr. T.

o.

Forgey, M. H. Huff, and

s.

A. Wineinger introduced -wheat and rye in their rotations as a means

of

changing the land • .

This conununity ls in the Horse Creel< valley on the south edge of the county straight south from Limon.

The "green bug" attacked small grain in this port-ion of the county the past summer and completely destroy-ed the crop. Photograph noo 3 shows Mr. Wineinger in his g·o aere field of rye that was a total loss. Most of the small grain in that portion of the county wasdamaged by this bug and has a depressing influence upon the plan

of introducing small grain in the rotation plan. LAWNRIDGE