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(30)

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(31)

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(32)

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(33)

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 0

100 200

300 Actual Optimal (r=0.04)

Optimal (r=0.14)

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

-200 -100 0

100 Actual Optimal (r=0.04)

Optimal (r=0.14)

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(34)

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References

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