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AGENDA FOR 'l'ECHNICAL OBSERVERS HEE'l'ING

May 2 and 3 1 1967

Time Session Staff On Call

Tuesday

9:00 to 9:15 All Technical

Personnel

9:15 to 10:00 Retort Section Studies Retort Section

10:10 to 11:00

:--Re

t6rC-}1o~---3---- Summary of Operations Tom Lyons

2:00 to 3:00 - 1 to 2 1/2 inch shale - 10-day Demi Cotrupe

run at 400 and 500 Ibs/ (hr) (ft2)

3:10 to 4:00 - Size Range study - Transition from Dick Clamoitt

1 to 2 1/2 to 1/4 to 2 1/2 inch during sustained operation

- 1/4 to 1 inch shale - Sum,mary of John Hasz

experience to date

- Status of Yields and Material Earl 'l'urner

Balances

- Mechanical ModeJ.s and Corrosion Les Skmvrorl8k

-, Future Plans Long Range Planning

and Revie\-l "Group

9:00 10:10 to to 10:00 11:00

Engineering Analysis and Bench Scale Nod("-fo--Develop·-·Uncfei-s·t-a·nd:G1"q--or-­ Retorf·W6-:-~j-·ProbTem··--- --.._---' ---­ Ken ..lagel Dave Liederman Dick Reitz 1~00 to 2:00 Mechanical Engineering Group

2:10 to 3:00 Mi_ninSL?t':l~i_~_~ Mining Section

3:10 to 3:30 Engineering and Economic Analyses

C~~~hfn_'L TE-;st~---

---_.---­

Dick Reitz

3:30 to 4:00 Revie\" Bob Cramer

NOTE: Midday breaks are provided for followup questions l discussion

and inspection of facilities. Bench scale exploratory equipment

will be operated during midday break on Wednesday.

Ten minute breaks will be observed on the hour after the first hour of each session.

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1/4 TO 1 INCH OPERATIONS IN RETORT NO. 3

·e

. Problem:

.

­

First

Strateg'y:

Second

Strategy:

Demonstrate that operation in Retort No. 3 1:dth

1/4 to 1 inch shale is a "scale-up" of the operation

with the same shale size in Retort No.2.

Modification of

proces~

conditions during startup

will perini t study of

\

the

.

primary problem.

During Runs Cl004 to ClOlO this strategy was fol­

,I.owed.

At the end of Run Cl010, it was concluded

that the problem could not be solved by process

condition modification alone and that some hardware

modification v7hich \'lou1d make Retort No. 3 more

like Retort No. 2 was also required.

llard'tvare modification of Retort No.3, directionally

to\'mrd Retort No.2, along 'tV'ith process modification

will be. needed to solve the problem.

(The difficulty

in achieving operability is due to a channeling

mechanism. )

During Runs C10ll to Cl026 it was concluded that

tarry agglomerates, formed in the zone above' the air

distributor by localized ref1uxing

1iqui~

are the

ultimate cause of the flO\-[ anomalies observed.

These

agglomerates result in local channeling of shale and

gas.

If these agglomerates flO\,7 downward into the

air distributor region, they may become lodged, and

if local temperatures are sufficiently high, either

hard coky agglomerates or clinkers result. The tem­

perature anomalies observed in the top of the retort

are

~elf-aggravating.

They are caused

by

the heat

requ~red

to re-vaporize thE: rcfluxincr liquid which

flows dO\'ln't.rarr' in the retort.

J ..

KIJagel

(27)

••

---Flmv Anoma...:;l....Y_____

--=----­

Zone

Gas

Liauid

Shale

Move offgas

exit closer

to raw shale

inlet to

minimize rain

back of oil

into Zone 4

(C1022 and

C1023)

Install liner

(C1017 and

C1018)

-~--.*"'---...,..---._--_._-- ­

Adjust air

x

(1) Shut off ai

distributor

to 18 risers

so that each

over headers to

outlet treats

minimize cornbus

a proportion­

tion intensity

ate amount of

in slow moving

shale (C1019,

shale (C10ll)

C1020 and

C102l)

(2) Install 54

short risers in

place of 54 1

risers (C1024

and C1025)

(3) Install 36

long risers

I

:~Lj

,

with large inte

manifold

clearance (C102

[~-{OJ

I

~

..

X

Install three

. I I

recycle headers

below three air

I

headers to give

I

uniform shale

flow in Zones 1,

2, 3 and 4

(C1013 and

C1014)

----.---"-~

-_._._

..

"'-_

...

_--_

... '" ..._... l'

x

x

Adjust drawoff

assembly to give

uniform shale

flow in Zones 1

and 2 (C1012)

KIJagel

A 1 1 ' Ie OJ

(28)

HANDOUT 1

cm1PARISON OF RESULTS FROM FETORTS NO. 2 AND NO.3 400 1bs!(hr) (ft2) Mass Fate

'tt

Retort No. 2 3 3 3 3

B952-E PTC988(2) C990-3 C1027(3)

Thru Thru Thru Thru

'1 Run Number B952-4 C988-13 C990-6 C1027-4 Average

2 Shale Size, Inches 1 - 2h

1 -

2~

1 -

2~ 1 - 2~

3 Da 1.528 ,1.360 1.427 1.424

4 Dv 1.700 1.570 1.659 1.609

5 Fischer Assay, gal/ton . 27.5 25.4 24.6 25.5

6 Shale Rate, 1bs/(hr) (ft 2 ) 402 394 ~93 400

7 Air, SCF/T 4650 4480 4540 4610

8 Recycle, SCF/T 15100(1) 15100 14540 14450

9

10 Offgas Temp., of 137 137 135 141

11 Retort Pressure, In/Ft

12 Overall 0.44 0.45 0.30 0.42

13 Above Air Distributor 0.45 0.53 0.33 0.44

14 Maximum 1.9 1.9 1.2 0.9

15

16 Yield, % Fischer Assay 88.1 86.8 87.3 86.8 87.0

17 Yield, % by Regression Anal. 87.7 85.3 85.9 85.6

i . c o 2 Decomposition, Wt % 35.1 35.2 27.5 38.4

20 Spent Shale

21 Gallon per ton 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.0

22 Ash, Nt % 84.4 83.7 82.6 85.1 23 Temperature, of 356 354 362 375 24 25 Material Balances, wt % 26 Overall 99.2 99.9 100 99.3 27 Organic Carbon 98.5 99.4 105.6 97.9 28 Water 99.4 117.8 97.9 97.1

(1) Minus gas loss

(2)First shakedown run - many mechanical problems

(3)Has stainless steel liner and 3 over 3 air recycle headers

(4)Bed heights - 12 1/2 feet above air distributor; 7 feet below air distributor

EETurner 4/28/67

(29)

HANDOUT 2

RESULTS - RETORT NO.3 500 lbs!<hr) (ft2) Mass Rate

C997-1 CI028-l(2) Cl028-4(2} C1029-1(2}

and Thru Thru Thru

1 Run Number C997-2 Cl028-3 Cl028-9 . C1029-2

2 Shale Size, Inches

1 -

2~

.

1 -

2~ 1 - 2~ 1 - 21.;

3 Da 1.458 1.431 ·1.512 1.556

4 Dv 1.6.44 1.607 1.717 1.809

5 Fischer Assay, gallon per ton 27.7 25.3 25.5 26.8

6 Shale Rate, 1bs/(hr) (ft2) 492 497 497 491

7 Air, SCF/T 4710 4700 4700 4665

8 Recycle, SCF/T 12580 12280 12900 12700

9

10 Offgas Temp., of 136 138 139 139

11

. Retort Pressure, In/Ft

12 Overall 0.45 0.50 0.52 0.55

13 Above Air Distributor 0.48 0.53 0.59 0.64

14 Maximum

2.2

0.73 0.65 0.8

15

16 Yield, % Fischer Assay

17 Actual 84.1 83.3 83.4 86.6

18 Regression Analysis 82.5

Bl.5

82.0 80 .. 9

~.C03

Decomposition, Wt % 20.1 32.3 33.0 35.4

21 Spent Shale

22 Gallon per ton 0.8 0.0 0.0 (0.16$1

23 Ash, Wt % 80.9 84.0 84.2 84.5 24 Temperature, of 442 393 389 361 25 26 Material Balances, wt % 27 Overall 101.8 99.6 99.1 98.5 28 Organic Carbon 106.8 98.2 99.2 97.6 29 Water 126.6 103.1 101.4 74.0

(1) Carbon on spent shale estimated on Cl029-2

«2»Has stainless steel liner and 3 over 3 air recycle headers

3 Bed heights - 12 1/2 feet above air distributor: 7 feet below air distributor

EETurner 4/28/67

(30)

HANDOUT 3

SHALE SIZE RANGE STUDY RETORT NO.3

Cl029-l TRCl030-l Cl031~1 Cl032-l

and and and Thru

1 Run Number C1029-2 TRCl030-2 Cl03l-2 C1032-3

2 Shale size, Inches 1 - 2 1/2 3/4 - 2 1/2 3/4 - 2 1/2 1/2 - 2 1/2

3 Da 1.556 1.315 1.286 1;115

'4 Dv 1.809 1.537 1.512 1.407

5

6

Fischer Assay, gal/ton Shale Rate, 1bs/(hr) (ft 2 ) 26.8 491 28.1 339 26.0 ·495 25.5 501 7 Air, SeF/T 4665 4510 4690 4630 8 Recycle, SCF/T 12700 14705 12675 12630 9 10 Offgas Temp., of 139 135 138 139

1.1

Retort Pressure, In/Ft

12 Overall. '0.55 0.29 0.57 0.64

13 Above Air Distributor 0.64 0.31 0.62 0.77

14 l-iaximum ( 1) 0.8 0.53 1.5 1.1

15

16 Yield, % Fischer Assay

17 Actual 86.6 74.7 84.1 81.6

18 Regression Analysis

81.17

87.2 83.0 83_2

19 20

21 C0 3 Decomposition, Spent Shale

Wt % 35.4 31.3 31.7 32.9 22~ Gallon per 23., Ash, Wt % ton (0.16) (2) 84.5 4.2 81.2 0.2 8"3,.9 84.0 0.17 24 Temperature, of 361 383 376 366 25 26 Material Balances, Wt %

n

Overall 98.5. 100.1 99.1 99.2 28 Organic Carbon 97.6 102.3 101.3 96.1 29 Water 74.0 123.4 97.0 119.2 30 31 Bed Height, Ft.

32 Above Air Destributor 12.5 12.5 10.5 9.5

33 Below Air Destributor 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0

Air Destributor First 2 Unit First 2 3 balances

balances shutdown balances after changing

after after to 1/2 to 2 1/2

startup startup inch shale

with 1 to with 3/4

2 1/2 inch to 2 1/2

shale inch shale

(1) Maximum pressure doubtful, due to pressure tap locations behind stainless

steel liner.

(2) Ore in spent shale estimated for C1029-2.

EETurner 5/1/67

(31)

HANDOUT 4

-

..

RAW SHALE ACC..Q..UNTING 1 to 2 1/2 inclLJllLa1e Date i Runs Totalizer Merrick Scale Time Tape Hardy Scale Spread in Ratio of Totalizer Time Tape

12/25/66 1/18/67 4/8/67 400 Mass Rate C990 (3 through 6 9 through 19) C994-1 and 2 C1027-1 through 4 Average of C990-8 C1027 87.3 94.4 86.8 (87.1)

.

85.4 92.4 87.2 (Sb.3) 0.926 0.974 0.998 to to to 1;;0~1 0.984 1.014 1/23/67 4/11/67 4/13/67 4/13/67 500 Hass Rate C997-1 and 2 C1028-1 through '3 C1028-4 through 9 C1028-4 through 10 Average 84.1 83.3 83.4 82.8

(83:4)

.

82.6 83.5 83.8 83.3 (83.2) 0.984 0.995 1.000 1.000 to to to to 0.979 1.011 1.009 1.020

DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANIC CARBON

--~Ito2'

il2-rnchSii.a1e~·--Basis - 87% yield

- Unaccounted organic carbon assumed to be in vent gas.

Actual Organic Carbon

Retort No. Run No. teria1 Balance

2 B952(A through 6) 66.4 14.5

3 C988(1 through 13) 65.9 16.8 99.4

3 C990(2 through 26) 65.7 1B.1 104.6

3 C1027(1 through 4) 65.9 15.3 97.9

3 C102B(1 through 10 65.9 15.6 98.5

(1) Raw shale and spent shale sample discards separated from No. 3 spent shale screw conveyor before C1027.

(2)Dat~ obtained from carbon distribution curves.

EETurner 4/28/67

(32)

" ~, , . _ ~ _ :... i --­ . "1-­ --­ ,

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(33)

HANDOUT 1

FOR~TION OF AGGLOMERATES

A. Presence of Oil

1.

The strength of the agglomerate increases

with the amount df oil.

B. Reflux and Percolation

1. The strength of the agglomerate increases

with the number of cycles.

a. Approximately six cycles are needed

to form moderately strong agglomerates.

b. Each cycle involves loss of light

material overhead, leaving a heavy residue which cracks, cokes, and polymerizes.

c.

'Aggregate of Solid Material

1.

The strength of the agglomerate seems to

increase with decreasing particle size

(or better fit). .

D. Heat

1. At temperatures of about 600 to 800 F,

ref1uxing and percolation cause the forma­ tion of a tarry, plastic cohesive mass.

2. At temperatures of 800 F up to at least

1,200 F, the cohesive mass will form hard dry agglomerates.

DLiederman 5/2/67

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-CROSS SEmOH, I',,'

AIR-GAS DISTRI8utORS

____ RlCYCt£ G.s DISTRI8vTOR

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EEOER ROLL

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SHALE DISTRIBUTION PL.ATES

6'-4"

RI BBED ROL.LS

(48)
(49)

----FIGURE '2

STANDARD 27 FOOT ROUND 40' X 60' ROOM

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References

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