3FGFSFODFT - Time-Frequency Analysis in Attosecond Spectroscopy

3FGFSFODॻ

NFUSPMPঀ /BUVSF ߥߢߥ ߦ߫ߪ؜ߦߢߤ ߣ߫߫ߢ

ߢߢ . %SFTDIFS . )FOUTDIFM 3 ,JFOCFSHFS . 6JCFSBDLFS 7 :BLPWMFW " 4DSJO[J 5I 8FTUFSXBMCFTMPI 6 ,MFJOFCFSH 6 )FJO[NBOO BOE ' ,SBVT[ ॄJNFSFTPMWFE BUPNJD JOOFS

TIFMM TQFDUSPTDPQZ /BUVSF ߥߢߪ ߩ߫ߤ؜ߩ߫ߨ ߣ߫߫ߣ

ߢߣ & (PVMJFMNBLJT ; -PI " 8JSUI 3 4BOUSB / 3PISJOHFS 7 4 :BLPWMFW 4 ;IFSFCUTPW 5 1GFJGFS " . "[[FFS . '

,MJOH 4 3 -FPOF BOE ' ,SBVT[ ूFBMUJNF PCTFSWBUJPO PG WBMFODF FMFDUSPO NPUJPO /BUVSF ߥߧߧ ߨߤߪ؜ߨߥߤ ߣ߫ߢ߫

ߢߤ . 6JCFSBDLFS 5I 6QIVFT . 4DIVMU[F " + 7FSIPFG 7 :BLPWMFW . ' ,MJOH + 3BVTDIFOCFSHFS / . ,BCBDI

OJL ) 4DISPEFS . -F[JVT , - ,PNQB )( .VMMFS . + + 7SBLLJOH 4 )FOEFM 6 ,MFJOFCFSH 6 )FJO[NBOO . %SFTDIFS BOE ' ,SBVT[ ऱUUPTFDPOE SFBMUJNF PCTFSWB

UJPO PG FMFDUSPO UVOOFMMJOH JO BUPNT /BUVSF ߥߥߧ ߧߣߨ؜ߧߤߣ ߣ߫߫ߨ

ߢߥ . 4DIVMU[F . 'JF / ,BSQPXJD[ + (BHOPO . ,PSC

NBO . )PGTUFUUFS 4 /FQQM " - $BWBMJFSJ : ,PNOJOPT 5I .FSDPVSJT $ " /JDPMBJEFT 3 1B[PVSFL 4 /BHFMF + 'FJTU + #VSHE¶SGFS " . "[[FFS 3 &SOTUPSGFS 3 ,JFO

CFSHFS 6 ,MFJOFCFSH & (PVMJFMNBLJT ' ,SBVT[ BOE 7 4

:BLPWMFW ऴFMBZ JO ीIPUPFNJTTJPO 4DJFODF ߤߣߩ ߢߧߦߩ؜ߢߧߧߣ ߣ߫ߢ߫

ߢߦ , ,M¼OEFS + . %BIMTUS¶N . (JTTFMCSFDIU 5 'PSEFMM . 4XPCPEB % (V©OPU 1 +PIOTTPO + $BJMMBU + .BV

SJUTTPO " .BRVFU 3 5B¯FC BOE " -ء)VJMMJFS ीSPCJOH

ृJOHMFीIPUPO हPOJ[BUJPO PO UIF ऱUUPTFDPOE ॄJNF ृDBMF

1IZT 3FW -FUU ߢ߫ߧ ߢߥߤ߫߫ߣ ߣ߫ߢߢ

ߢߧ " - $BWBMJFSJ / .¼MMFS 5I 6QIVFT 7 4 :BLPWMFW

" #BMUV ŠVLB # )PSWBUI # 4DINJEU - #M¼NFM 3 )PM[XBSUI 4 )FOEFM . %SFTDIFS 6 ,MFJOFCFSH 1 .

&DIFOJRVF 3 ,JFOCFSHFS ' ,SBVT[ BOE 6 )FJO[NBOO

ऱUUPTFDPOE TQFDUSPTDPQZ JO DPOEFOTFE NBUUFS /BUVSF ߥߥߪ ߢ߫ߣߪ؜ߢ߫ߤߣ ߣ߫߫ߨ

ߢߨ ( 4BOTPOF ' ,FMLFOTCFSH + ' 1©SF[5PSSFT ' .PSBMFT . ' ,MJOH 8 4JV 0 (IBGVS 1 +PIOTTPO . 4XP

CPEB & #FOFEFUUJ ' 'FSSBSJ ' -©QJOF + - 4BO[7JDBSJP

دظض

3FGFSFODॻ

4 ;IFSFCUTPW * ;OBLPWTLBZB " -ء)VJMMJFS . :V *WBOPW . /JTPMJ ' .BSU¬O BOE . + + 7SBLLJOH वMFDUSPO MPDBMJ[B

UJPO GPMMPXJOH BUUPTFDPOE NPMFDVMBS QIPUPJPOJ[BUJPO /BUVSF ߥߧߦ ߨߧߤ؜ߨߧߧ ߣ߫ߢ߫

ߢߩ 7 7©OJBSE 3 5B¯FC BOE " .BRVFU ीIBTF EFQFOEFODF IJHIFS IBSNPOJDT 1IZT 3FW " ߦߥ ߨߣߢ؜ߨߣߩ ߢߪߪߧ

ߢߪ )( .VMMFS ूFDPOTUSVDUJPO PG BUUPTFDPOE IBSNPOJD CFBUJOH CZ JOUFSGFSFODF PG UXPQIPUPO USBOTJUJPOT "QQM 1IZT # ߨߥ ߢߨ؜ߣߢ ߣ߫߫ߣ

ߣ߫ % (BCPS ऱDPVTUJDBM ुVBOUB BOE UIF ॄIFPSZ PG सFBSJOH

/BUVSF ߢߦߪ ߦߪߢ؜ߦߪߥ ߢߪߥߨ

ߣߢ 4 #BDLVT $ ( %VSGFF . . .VSOBOF BOE ) $ ,BQUFZO

सJHI QPXFS VMUSBGBTU MBTFST 3FW 4DJ *OTUSVN ߧߪ ߢߣ߫ߨ؜ߢߣߣߤ ߢߪߪߩ

ߣߣ 1 ' .PVMUPO ृQFDUSPTDPQJD BOE MBTFS DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT PG

ॄJऱM_ಘि_ಚ + 0QU 4PD "N # ߤ ߢߣߦ؜ߢߤߤ ߢߪߩߧ

ߣߤ %POOB 4USJDLMBOE BOE (FSBSE .PVSPV ळPNQSFTTJPO PG BN

QMJ׾FE DISJQFE QVMTॻ 0QUJDT $PNNVOJDBUJPO ߦߧ ߣߢߪ؜ߣߣߢ ߢߪߩߦ

ߣߥ 1BVM # $PSLVN ीMBTNB QFSTQFDUJWF PO TUSPOH ׾FME NVMUJ

QIPUPO JPOJ[BUJPO 1IZTJDBM 3FWJFX -FUUFST ߨߢ ߢߪߪߥ؜ߢߪߪߨ ߢߪߪߤ

ߣߦ , + 4DIBGFS # :BOH - ' %J.BVSP BOE , $ ,VMBOEFS

ऱCPWF UISFTIPME JPOJ[BUJPO CFZPOE UIF IJHI IBSNPOJD DVUP׽

1IZT 3FW -FUU ߨ߫ ߢߦߪߪ؜ߢߧ߫ߣ ߢߪߪߤ

ߣߧ $BSTUFO 8JOUFSGFMEU $ISJTUJBO 4QJFMNBOO BOE (VTUBW (FS

CFS ळPMMPRVJVN िQUJNBM DPOUSPM PG IJHIIBSNPOJD HFOFSB

UJPO 3FW .PE 1IZT ߩ߫ ߢߢߨ؜ߢߥ߫ ߣ߫߫ߩ

ߣߨ 1 #BMDPV 1 4BMJ¨SFT " -ء)VJMMJFS BOE . -FXFOTUFJO षFO

FSBMJ[FE QIBTFNBUDIJOH DPOEJUJPOT GPS IJHI IBSNPOJDT ॄIF SPMF PG ׾FMEHSBEJFOU GPSDॻ 1IZT 3FW " ߦߦ ߤߣ߫ߥ؜ߤߣߢ߫

ߢߪߪߨ

ߣߩ " -ء)VJMMJFS 9 ' -J BOE - " -PNQS© ीSPQBHBUJPO F׽FDUT JO IJHIPSEFS IBSNPOJD HFOFSBUJPO JO SBSF HBTॻ +04" # ߨ ߦߣߨ؜ߦߤߧ ߢߪߪ߫

دظط

3FGFSFODॻ

ߣߪ & $POTUBOU % (BS[FMMB 1 #SFHFS & .©WFM $I %PSSFS

$ -F #MBOD ' 4BMJO BOE 1 "HPTUJOJ िQUJNJ[JOH सJHI सBSNPOJD षFOFSBUJPO JO ऱCTPSCJOH षBTॻ ऽPEFM BOE वY

QFSJNFOU 1IZT 3FW -FUU ߩߣ ߢߧߧߩ؜ߢߧߨߢ ߢߪߪߪ

ߤ߫ $. )FZM ) $PVEFSU"MUFJSBD . .JSBOEB . -PVJTZ , ,P

WBDT 7 5PTB & #BMPHI , 7BSKº " -ء)VJMMJFS BOE " $PVB

JSPO ृDBMFJOWBSJBOU OPOMJOFBS PQUJDT JO HBTॻ 0QUJDB ߤ ߨߦ؜ߩߢ ߣ߫ߢߧ

ߤߢ " -ء)VJMMJFS 1 #BMDPV 4 $BOEFM , + 4DIBGFS BOE , $

,VMBOEFS ळBMDVMBUJPOT PG IJHIPSEFS IBSNPOJDHFOFSBUJPO QSPDFTTॻ JO YFOPO BU دظشز ON 1IZT 3FW " ߥߧ ߣߨߨߩ؜ߣߨߪ߫

ߢߪߪߣ

ߤߣ * + 4PMB & .©WFM - &MPVHB & $POTUBOU 7 4USFMLPW - 1PMFUUP 1 7JMMPSFTJ & #FOFEFUUJ + 1 $BVNFT 4 4UB

HJSB $ 7P[[J ( 4BOTPOF BOE . /JTPMJ ळPOUSPMMJOH BUUPTFD

POE FMFDUSPO EZOBNJDT CZ QIBTFTUBCJMJ[FE QPMBSJ[BUJPO HBUJOH

/BUVSF 1IZTJDT ߣ ߤߢߪ؜ߤߣߣ ߣ߫߫ߧ

ߤߤ ' 'FSSBSJ ' $BMFHBSJ . -VDDIJOJ $ 7P[[J 4 4UBHJSB ( 4BOTPOF BOE . /JTPMJ सJHIFOFSঀ JTPMBUFE BUUPTFDPOE QVMTॻ HFOFSBUFE CZ BCPWFTBUVSBUJPO GFXDZDMF ׾FMET /BUVSF 1IPUPOJDT ߥ ߩߨߦ؜ߩߨߪ ߣ߫ߢ߫

ߤߥ $IFO (VP "OOF )BSUI 4UFGBOPT $BSMTUS¶N :V$IFO

$IFOH 4BSB .JLBFMTTPO &SJL .¥STFMM $ISJTUPQI )FZM .JHVFM .JSBOEB .BUIJFV (JTTFMCSFDIU .FUUF # (BBSEF ,FOOFUI + 4DIBGFS "OEFST .JLLFMTFO +PIBO .BVSJUTTPO

$PSE - "SOPME BOE "OOF -ء)VJMMJFS ीIBTF DPOUSPM PG BU

UPTFDPOE QVMTॻ JO B USBJO +PVSOBM PG 1IZTJDT # "UPNJD .PMFDVMBS BOE 0QUJDBM 1IZTJDT ߦߢ ߫ߤߥ߫߫ߧ ߣ߫ߢߩ

ߤߦ & 5SFBDZ िQUJDBM QVMTF DPNQSFTTJPO XJUI EJ׽SBDUJPO HSBUJOHT

*&&& +PVSOBM PG 2VBOUVN &MFDUSPOJDT ߦ ߥߦߥ؜ߥߦߩ ߢߪߧߪ

ߤߧ ' 7FSMVJTF 7 -BVEF ; $IFOH $I 4QJFMNBOO BOE 1 5PVSOPJT ऱNQMJUVEF BOE QIBTF DPOUSPM PG VMUSBTIPSU QVMTॻ CZ VTF PG BO BDPVTUPPQUJD QSPHSBNNBCMF EJTQFSTJWF ׾M

UFSQVMTF DPNQSFTTJPO BOE TIBQJOH 0QU -FUU ߣߦ ߦߨߦ؜ߦߨߨ ߣ߫߫߫

ߤߨ 0 & .BSUJOF[ षSBUJOH BOE QSJTN DPNQSFTTPST JO UIF DBTF PG

׾OJUF CFBN TJ[F + 0QU 4PD "N # ߤ ߪߣߪ؜ߪߤߥ ߢߪߩߧ

ددظ

3FGFSFODॻ

ߤߩ ) )FSU[ CFS FJOFO वJO׿VTT Eॻ VMUSBWJPMFUUFO ़JDIUॻ BVG EJF FMFDUSJTDIF वOUMBEVOH "OO 1IZTJL ߣߧߨ ߪߩߤ؜ߢ߫߫߫

ߢߩߩߨ

ߤߪ " &JOTUFJO CFS FJOFO EJF वS[FVHVOH VOE ॆFSXBOEMVOH Eॻ

़JDIUॻ CFUSF׽FOEFO IFVSJTUJTDIFO षFTJDIUTQVOLU "OOBMFO EFS 1IZTJL ߤߣߣ ߢߤߣ؜ߢߥߩ ߢߪ߫ߦ

ߥ߫ / #PIS िO UIF DPOTUJUVUJPO PG BUPNT BOE NPMFDVMॻ 5IF -POEPO &EJOCVSHI BOE %VCMJO 1IJMPTPQIJDBM .BHB[JOF BOE +PVSOBM PG 4DJFODF ߣߧ ߢ؜ߣߦ ߢߪߢߤ

ߥߢ ' 2V©S© : .BJSFTTF BOE + *UBUBOJ ॄFNQPSBM DIBSBDUFSJ

[BUJPO PG BUUPTFDPOE ࠻࠸࠹ ׾FMET + .PE 0QU ߦߣ ߤߤߪ؜ߤߧ߫

ߣ߫߫ߦ

ߥߣ + ) % &MBOE 0 7JFVYNBJSF 5 ,JOVHBXB 1 -BCMBORVJF 3 * )BMM BOE ' 1FOFOU ळPNQMFUF ॄXPवMFDUSPO ृQFDUSB JO ऴPVCMF ीIPUPJPOJ[BUJPO ॄIF ूBSF षBTॻ ऱS ऻS BOE ैF

1IZT 3FW -FUU ߪ߫ ߫ߦߤ߫߫ߤ ߣ߫߫ߤ

ߥߤ ". 3JKT &)( #BDLVT $" EF -BOHF /1$ 8FTUXPPE BOE .). +BOTTFO ԝऽBHOFUJD CPUUMFԞ TQFDUSPNFUFS ॺ B WFS

TBUJMF UPPM GPS MBTFS QIPUPFMFDUSPO TQFDUSPTDPQZ +PVSOBM PG &MFD

USPO 4QFDUSPTDPQZ BOE 3FMBUFE 1IFOPNFOB ߢߢߣ ߢߦߢ؜ߢߧߣ ߣ߫߫߫

ߥߥ " 5 + # &QQJOL BOE % ) 1BSLFS ॆFMPDJUZ NBQ JNBHJOH PG JPOT BOE FMFDUSPOT VTJOH FMFDUSPTUBUJD MFOTॻ ऱQQMJDBUJPO JO QIPUPFMFDUSPO BOE QIPUPGSBHNFOU JPO JNBHJOH PG NPMFDVMBS PYZHFO 3FW 4DJ *OTUS ߧߩ ߤߥߨߨ؜ߤߥߩߥ ߢߪߪߨ

ߥߦ (VTUBWP " (BSDJB -BVSFOU /BIPO BOE *WBO 1PXJT ॄXP

EJNFOTJPOBM DIBSHFE QBSUJDMF JNBHF JOWFSTJPO VTJOH B QPMBS CBTॼ GVODUJPO FYQBOTJPO 3FWJFX PG 4DJFOUJஷ஫D *OTUSVNFOUT ߨߦ ߥߪߩߪ؜ߥߪߪߧ ߣ߫߫ߥ

ߥߧ + $PPQFS BOE 3 / ;BSF ऱOHVMBS ऴJTUSJCVUJPO PG ीIPUP

FMFDUSPOT +PVSOBM PG $IFNJDBM 1IZTJDT ߥߩ ߪߥߣ؜ߪߥߤ ߢߪߧߨ

ߥߨ , ;IBP 5 $PMWJO 8 5 )JMM BOE ( ;IBOH ऴFDPOWPMWJOH UXPEJNFOTJPOBM JNBHॻ PG UISFFEJNFOTJPOBM NPNFOUVN USB

KFDUPSJॻ 3FWJFX PG 4DJFOUJஷ஫D *OTUSVNFOUT ߨߤ ߤ߫ߥߥ؜ߤ߫ߦ߫

ߣ߫߫ߣ

ߥߩ . + + 7SBLLJOH ऱO JUFSBUJWF QSPDFEVSF GPS UIF JOWFSTJPO

ددد

3FGFSFODॻ

PG UXPEJNFOTJPOBM JPOQIPUPFMFDUSPO JNBHJOH FYQFSJNFOUT

3FW 4DJ *OTUS ߨߣ ߥ߫ߩߥ؜ߥ߫ߩߪ ߣ߫߫ߢ

ߥߪ -PVJT %F #SPHMJF ऱ UFOUBUJWF UIFPSZ PG MJHIU RVBOUB 1IJMP

TPQIJDBM .BHB[JOF ߥߨ ߥߢߢ؜ߥߣߤ ߢߪߣߥ

ߦ߫ 8BMNTMFZ *" *BDPOJT $ ृQFDUSBM QIBTF JOUFSGFSPNFUSZ GPS EJSFDU FMFDUSJD׾FME SFDPOTUSVDUJPO PG VMUSBTIPSU PQUJDBM QVMTॻ

0QUJDT -FUUFST ߣߤ ߨߪߣ؜ߨߪߥ ߢߪߪߩ

ߦߢ , 8 %F-POH 3JDL 5SFCJOP + )VOUFS BOE 8 & 8IJUF

शSFRVFODZSFTPMWFE PQUJDBM HBUJOH XJUI UIF VTF PG TFDPOE

IBSNPOJD HFOFSBUJPO + 0QU 4PD "N # ߢߢ ߣߣ߫ߧ؜ߣߣߢߦ ߢߪߪߥ

ߦߣ .JHVFM .JSBOEB $PSE - "SOPME 5IPNBT 'PSEFMM 'SBO

DJTDP 4JMWB #FOKBNO "MPOTP 3PTB 8FJHBOE "OOF -ء)VJM

MJFS BOE )FMEFS $SFTQP ळIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPO PG CSPBECBOE GFX

DZDMF MBTFS QVMTॻ XJUI UIF ETDBO UFDIOJRVF 0QU &YQSFTT ߣ߫

ߢߩߨߤߣ؜ߢߩߨߥߤ ߣ߫ߢߣ

ߦߤ + . 4DIJOT 1 #SFHFS 1 "HPTUJOJ 3 $ $POTUBOUJOFTDV ) ( .VMMFS " #PVIBM ( (SJMMPO " "OUPOFUUJ BOE

" .ZTZSPXJD[ ळSPTTDPSSFMBUJPO NFBTVSFNFOUT PG GFNUPTFD

POE FYUSFNFVMUSBWJPMFU IJHIPSEFS IBSNPOJDT + 0QU 4PD

"N # ߢߤ ߢߪߨ؜ߣ߫߫ ߢߪߪߧ

ߦߥ & 4 5PNB ) ( .VMMFS 1 . 1BVM 1 #SFHFS . $IFSFU 1 "HPTUJOJ $ -F #MBOD ( .VMMPU BOE ( $IFSJBVY ीPO

EFSPNPUJWF TUSFBLJOH PG UIF JPOJ[BUJPO QPUFOUJBM ॺ B NFUIPE GPS NFBTVSJOH QVMTF EVSBUJPOT JO UIF ࠻࠸࠹ EPNBJO XJUI GT SFTPMVUJPO 1IZT 3FW " ߧߣ ߫ߧߢߩ߫ߢ ߣ߫߫߫

ߦߦ & 4 5PNB BOE ) ( .VMMFS ळBMDVMBUJPO PG NBUSJY FMFNFOUT GPS NJYFE FYUSFNFVMUSBWJPMFUJOGSBSFE UXPQIPUPO BCPWF

UISFTIPME JPOJ[BUJPO PG BSHPO +PVSOBM PG 1IZTJDT # "UPNJD .PMFDVMBS BOE 0QUJDBM 1IZTJDT ߤߦ ߤߥߤߦ؜ߤߥߥߣ ߣ߫߫ߣ

ߦߧ "MCFSU " .JDIFMTPO BOE &EXBSE 8 .PSMFZ िO UIF ूFMB

UJWF ऽPUJPO PG UIF वBSUI BOE UIF ़VNJOJGFSPॽ वUIFS "NFS

JDBO +PVSOBM PG 4DJFODF ߤߥ ߤߤߤ؜ߤߥߦ ߢߩߩߨ

ߦߨ -VEXJH ;FIOEFS वJO OFVFS हOUFSGFSFO[SFGSBLUPS ;FJUTDISJG஽

G¼S *OTUSVNFOUFOLVOEF ߢߢ ߣߨߦ؜ߣߩߦ ߢߩߪߢ

ߦߩ -VEXJH .BDI CFS FJOFO हOUFSGFSFO[SFGSBLUPS ;FJUTDISJG஽

ددذ

3FGFSFODॻ

G¼S *OTUSVNFOUFOLVOEF ߢߣ ߩߪ؜ߪߤ ߢߩߪߣ

ߦߪ , 7BSKº 1 +PIOTTPO 3 -³QF[.BSUFOT 5 3FNFUUFS

& (VTUBGTTPO + .BVSJUTTPO . # (BBSEF , + 4DIBGFS

$I &SOZ * 4PMB " ;B¯S & $POTUBOU & $PSNJFS & .©WFM BOE " -ء)VJMMJFS वYQFSJNFOUBM TUVEJॻ PG BUUPTFDPOE QVMTF USBJOT -BTFS 1IZTJDT ߢߦ ߩߩߩ؜ߩߪߩ ߣ߫߫ߦ

ߧ߫ 4 )BFTTMFS # 'BCSF + )JHVFU + $BJMMBU 5 3VDIPO 1 #SFHFS # $BSS© & $POTUBOU " .BRVFU & .©WFM 1 4BM

J¨SFT 3 5B¯FC BOE : .BJSFTTF ीIBTFSFTPMWFE BUUPTFDPOE OFBSUISFTIPME QIPUPJPOJ[BUJPO PG NPMFDVMBS OJUSPHFO 1IZT

3FW " ߩ߫ ߫ߢߢߥ߫ߥ ߣ߫߫ߪ

ߧߢ . 4XPCPEB 5 'PSEFMM , ,M¼OEFS + . %BIMTUS¶N . .JSBOEB $ #VUI , + 4DIBGFS + .BVSJUTTPO " -ء)VJM

MJFS BOE . (JTTFMCSFDIU ीIBTF ऽFBTVSFNFOU PG ूFTPOBOU

ॄXPीIPUPO हPOJ[BUJPO JO सFMJVN 1IZT 3FW -FUU ߢ߫ߥ ߢ߫ߤ߫߫ߤ ߣ߫ߢ߫

-BSTFO . -PVJTZ 4 #FOHUTTPO . .JSBOEB + .BVSJUTTPO

$ - "SOPME 4 & $BOUPO . (JTTFMCSFDIU 5 $BSFUUF + .

%BIMTUS¶N & -JOESPUI " .BRVFU - "SHFOUJ ' .BSUO BOE " -ء)VJMMJFS ृQFDUSBM QIBTF NFBTVSFNFOU PG B शBOP SFTPOBODF VTJOH UVOBCMF BUUPTFDPOE QVMTॻ /BUVSF $PNNVOJ

DBUJPOT ߨ ߢ߫ߦߧߧ ߣ߫ߢߧ

MBU " .BRVFU # $BSS© ' -FQFUJU +' )FSHPUU 5 3VDIPO - "SHFOUJ 3 5B¯FC ' .BSUO BOE 1 4BMJ¨SFT ऱUUPTFDPOE EZOBNJDT UISPVHI B शBOP SFTPOBODF ऽPOJUPSJOH UIF CJSUI PG B QIPUPFMFDUSPO 4DJFODF ߤߦߥ ߨߤߥ؜ߨߤߩ ߣ߫ߢߧ

$BSMPT .BSBOUF .B[ZBS 4BCCBS 3PCFSU #PHF .BUUFP -VD

DIJOJ -VLBT (BMMNBOO *HPS *WBOPW "OBUPMJ 4 ,IFJGFUT + .BSDVT %BIMTUS¶N &WB -JOESPUI -VDB "SHFOUJ 'FSOBOEP .BSUO BOE 6STVMB ,FMMFS ऱOHVMBS EFQFOEFODF PG QIPUPF

NJTTJPO UJNF EFMBZ JO IFMJVN 1IZT 3FW " ߪߥ ߫ߧߤߥ߫ߪ ߣ߫ߢߧ

ߧߦ +BNFT 8 $PPMFZ BOE +PIO 8 5VLFZ ऱO BMHPSJUIN GPS UIF NBDIJOF DBMDVMBUJPO PG DPNQMFY शPVSJFS TFSJॻ .BUIFNBUJDT

ددر

3FGFSFODॻ

PG $PNQVUBUJPO ߢߪ ߣߪߨ؜ߤ߫ߢ ߢߪߧߦ

ߧߧ . 4XPCPEB + . %BIMTUS¶N 5 3VDIPO 1 +PIOTTPO + .BVSJUTTPO " -ء)VJMMJFS BOE ,+ 4DIBGFS हOUFOTJUZ EF

QFOEFODF PG MBTFSBTTJTUFE BUUPTFDPOE QIPUPJPOJ[BUJPO TQFDUSB

-BTFS 1IZTJDT ߢߪ ߢߦߪߢ؜ߢߦߪߪ ߣ߫߫ߪ

ߧߨ %POBME 8 .BSRVBSEU ऱO ऱMHPSJUIN GPS ़FBTUृRVBSॻ वTUJNBUJPO PG ाPOMJOFBS ीBSBNFUFST +PVSOBM PG UIF 4PDJ

FUZ GPS *OEVTUSJBM BOE "QQMJFE .BUIFNBUJDT ߢߢ ߥߤߢ؜ߥߥߢ ߢߪߧߤ

ߧߩ ,FOOFUI -FWFOCFSH ऱ NFUIPE GPS UIF TPMVUJPO PG DFSUBJO OPOMJOFBS QSPCMFNT JO MFBTU TRVBSॻ 2VBSUFSMZ PG "QQMJFE .BUIFNBUJDT ߣ ߣ ߢߧߥ؜ߢߧߩ ߢߪߥߥ

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ددز

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ددس

In document Time-Frequency Analysis in Attosecond Spectroscopy (Page 134-144)