POLICE, INTELLIGENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Chair: Evelien De Pauw Chair: Evelien De Pauw

There has also been an extremely rapid development when it comes to new surveillance technology. There are now technical devices for all kinds of activities. The question today is not how far it´s technically possible to go when it comes to surveillance; instead the question is how far it´s acceptable to go, and at the same time respect traditional civil rights standards.

Are we in the name of combating crime sacrificing privacy and other basic civil rights? And are we really getting more security? And furthermore, does this development constitute a threat to the state’s control of illegal activities; that is, have the importance of the traditional police in some way diminished? Are we dealing with a situation where security and crime control are increasingly becoming a good for those citizens who can afford it?

My main interest is in relation to what happens when private actors (security companies and auditing firms) are using these new technical devices. To what extent are these activities controllable? If it´s sometimes a lack of transparency when it comes to the traditional police, what about these private firms in relation to democratic scrutiny and legal accountability?

2.20 POLICE, INTELLIGENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

137 This presentation will focus on the status quo of the use of body worn cameras in Germany. It will analyze to what extend this regulatory measure is necessary and effective in order to decrease the number of attacks against police officers, achieve more safety for them by using this type of technology. The issue of legitimation will also be addressed, as well as the question to what extend the expectations of the police in Hamburg, concerning the use of body cameras, can and will be met. It will provide a practice-oriented insight, by presenting an interview with a person in charge of the phasing-in of body cameras in Hamburg. In this context it will also address the aspect of control by technology.

0167 - COLLABORATION OBSTACLES AND SUCCESS: DESCRIBED AND OBSERVED EXPERIENCES OF POLICE AND BORDER GUARDS’ IN THE BALTIC SEA AREA

Goran Basic (Sweden)¹; Sophia Yakhlef (Sweden)¹ 1 - Division of Sociology Lund University, Sweden

This study analyses the cooperation between police and border guard authorities in the Baltic Sea area and primarily one collaborative project initiated by the Stockholm border police (co-funded by the EU). The purpose of the project is to decrease trans-boundary criminality and improve day-to-day cooperation between police and border officers in the Baltic Sea region.

The participants are police and border authorities in Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Sweden. Earlier research on collaboration shows that cooperation comprises problems and conflicts. The purpose of this study is to map and analyze how the staff of the different organizations experience, understand, and define obstacles of cooperation as well as successful cooperation, and which interactive and discursive patterns are involved in the construction of this phenomenon. The empirical basis for this study are qualitative interviews and field observations of organized intelligence and operational meetings and informal meetings before and after the organized meetings conducted during visits to different organization. This study suggests that the border officers and police re-negotiate spatial and cultural identities to make cooperation possible. Close cooperation and performing mundane work practices together entail an emerging idea of a shared EU border police “culture”. The notion of common northern European identity is described as an important feature for successful cooperation, but at the same time, conflicting views of regional and historical differences between the countries involved are expressed. Despite the alleged cultural differences and similarities, the border officers claim that cooperation between the countries is vital in order to protect EU territory and Schengen space from external threats and criminal activity. When some border officers create a distance from criminals and other professional partners, conflicts can be erased so as to generate new conditions for cooperation.

Construction and reconstruction of collaboration obstacles and success is an ongoing, interactive process. Presentation of the proper interaction moral is created and re-created during interactions and appears in the myriad everyday interactions.

0168 - FROM STRATEGIES TO PRACTICE: CREATING A CULTURE OF INTELLIGENCE IN BELGIUM Veerle Pashley (Belgium)¹; Marc Cools (Belgium)¹^,²

1 - Ghent University; 2 - Free University Brussels

Belgium does not have a long tradition in intelligence studies. Since intelligence services play a vital role in security strategies, both nationally and internationally, this lack of knowledge conflicts with contemporary criminological studies. This notion emerges the vital question:

How can we create a culture of intelligence in Belgium? In 2010, practitioners from the Belgian intelligence communities and academics created the “Belgian Intelligence Studies Center” or BISC. This organization was created to answer following objectives.

1. Enhancing our knowledge of intelligence studies, i.e. organizing conferences and launching the “Journal of Intelligence Studies”.

2. Creating networks between academics and practitioners.

3. Stimulating criminological research on intelligence.

From the beginning, BISC was successful as it inspired both universities and intelligence organizations to invest in the creation of a culture of intelligence. This presentation will highlight the organization and professionalization of the Belgian Intelligence Studies Center, five years after it has been launched. Our main objective is to present a stat-of-the-art as well as to reflect on the output as it is today. Subsequently, we will conclude our presentation providing a criminological reflection of the future evolution of intelligence studies in Belgium.

0169 - TECHNOLOGY LED POLICING IN 2020: CHALLENGES FOR THE LOCAL BELGIAN POLICE Evelien De Pauw (Belgium)¹

1 - Vives University College

Since the late twentieth century a range of technological innovation is overwhelming our society. The shift to technological changes and opportunities works in both ways. First of all the increase of technological products raises criminal acts; the amount of targets is rising, such as credit cards, mobile phones, navigation systems, internet networks,... Technology also gives perpetrators more technical aids to reach their goals. Next to this, technology also gives police the opportunity to prevent and fight crime. Recent developments show that the use of CCTV is on the increase and DNA techniques are taking over the fingerprinting. New surveillance techniques like biometric entrance systems, iris scans and RFID systems are introduced in police environments. Recent developments in the US show that the role of ICT is getting more and more important and that the way the police is operating changes: the cars are equipped

139 The introduction of these innovations within the Belgian local police is growing slowly. Some units are in a leading position, others are dealing with some financial or policy obstructions.

New trends are mostly based on ‘island innovation’ projects and are not in common for the whole Belgian police.

Using semi-structured interviews with experts on innovation and the use of technology within the Belgian police, we found out in what kind of situations the Belgian police used technology the most and what they might use in the future. This study also explored the challenges and preconditions needed to develop an efficient use of technology in 2020. If the Belgian police want to deal with the future problems of society and want to be part of the new ‘digital’

society some challenges might to be intrude.

2.21 JUVENILE JUSTICE INTERVENTIONS