Making better decisions: 2018 Colorado corn variety performance trials

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Agricultural

Experiment Station

Technical Report

College of Agricultural Sciences Department of Soil & Crop Sciences Extension

Making

Better

Decisions

2018 Colorado

Corn

Variety

Performance

Trials

TR 18-7

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Authors

Acknowledgments

The authors express their gratitude to the Colorado farmers and research stations who

voluntarily and generously contributed the use of their land, equipment, and time to help CSU with the 2018 corn hybrid performance trials. We are thankful to the collaborating farmers,

Tim Stahlecker at Burlington, Mark and Neil Lambert at Dailey, Brent Adler at Holyoke, Cooksey Farms at Wiggins, and Joe Newton at Yuma. We thank Kevin Tanabe and Michael

Bartolo at the Arkansas Valley Research Center for conducting the Rocky Ford trial. We also thank Merle Vigil and the Central Great Plains USDA-ARS station for hosting the Akron trial. The trials would not be possible without research support provided by the Colorado State Dr. Jerry Johnson - Professor and Extension Specialist - Crop Production, CSU Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Phone: 970-491-1454, Cell: 970-690-9259, E-mail: jerry.johnson@ colostate.edu.

Sally Jones-Diamond - Research Agronomist - Crops Testing, CSU Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Phone: 970-214-4611, E-mail: sally.jones@colostate.edu.

Ed Asfeld - Research Associate - Crops Testing, CSU Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Phone: 970-554-0980, E-mail: ed.asfeld@colostate.edu.

Dr. Kirk Broders - Formerly, Assistant Professor - Plant Pathology, CSU Dept. of Bioagricultural Sciences & Pest Management.

Dr. Mike Bartolo - Superintendent and Research Scientist, CSU Arkansas Valley Research Center, Phone: 719-254-6312, E-mail: michael.bartolo@colostate.edu.

Kevin Tanabe - Research Associate, CSU Arkansas Valley Research Center, Phone: 719-254- 6312, E-mail: kevin.tanabe@colostate.edu.

Dr. Merle Vigil - Director and Research Soil Scientist, USDA-ARS, Central Great Plains Research Station, Phone: 970-345-0517, E-mail: merle.vigil@ars.usda.gov.

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2018 Colorado Corn Hybrid Performance Trials

Jerry Johnson and Sally Jones-Diamond

Colorado State University conducts hybrid corn performance trials to provide research-based, unbiased and reliable information to Colorado corn producers so they can select the best hybrids for their farms. The corn trials are made possible by funding received from company entry fees and the CSU Agricultural Experiment Station.

Colorado produced over 171 million bushels of corn on 1,350,000 harvested acres in 2018 according to the USDA National Ag. Statistics Service (www.nass.usda.gov). The total value of production was over 622 million dollars in 2017 (most recent year available). Figure 1 shows the dryland and irrigated corn

acres planted in Colorado from 1998 through 2017. There is a general trend for irrigated acres to decrease and dryland corn acreage to increase. In 2017, dryland acreage was 650,000; and 800,000 acres of irrigated corn were planted. Historically the number of irrigated acres are vastly superior to the dryland acreage. In general, there is a substantial increase in dryland acreage over the

past 20 years, starting from 154,000 acres in 1996 and increasing to over 650,000 in 2017.

No – till systems and herbicide resistant corn have played a large part in increasing acreage. Higher corn prices in some years have led to increased corn acreage. The rapid decrease in corn value, drought from 2011- 2014, and stubbornly high prices for corn inputs combined to make corn less desirable and resulted in reduced acres for a few years.

Figure 2 shows the yearly average yield for irrigated and dryland corn in Colorado from 1998 through 2017. There is a steady linear increase in irrigated corn yield from 167 bu/ac in 1998 to 200 bu/ac in 2017. Improved genetics leading to more adapted and productive hybrids, and more precise farming practices may account for the increasing general trend in average

Figure 1: Irrigated and Dryland Corn Acres Planted in Colorado from 1998- 2017

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Dryland corn yields are highly dependent on weather conditions during the growing season. The amount and timing of rainfall received can make- or-break dryland corn yields. This was true in the drought years from 2002 through 2006, and again in 2012 and 2013 when there was not enough rainfall during the growing season and the average dryland corn yield fell below 50 bu/ac. The yield has seen an increase the past few years.

Colorado State University personnel planted five irrigated and two dryland corn trials in eastern Colorado. Irrigated trial locations were Burlington, Holyoke, Rocky Ford, Wiggins, and Yuma. The dryland trials were located at Akron and Dailey. Sixty-three hybrids with diverse origins, maturities, and value-added traits were tested in our different irrigated and dryland trial locations based on company entries. Plot sizes were 150 ft2_{in the irrigated trials and 300}

ft2_{in the dryland trials. All trials were replicated four times. All irrigated trials were planted at}

34,000 seeds per acre. The dryland trial at Dailey was planted at 17,000 seeds per acre and the dryland trial at Akron was planted at 14,000 seeds per acre. Seed yields for all trial varieties are reported in the tables. Yield adjusted to 15.5% seed moisture content.

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2018 Irrigated Corn Variety Performance Trial at Holyoke

Brand Hybrid

Insect and Herbicide

Technology Traitsa _Yieldb _{Avg. Yield}2-Year _MaturityRelative c _Moisture _{Weight Population}Test bu/ac bu/ac percent lb/bu plants/ac

AgVenture EXP186148YHB INT, RR2 LL 280.8 - 114 17.0 59.1 34,765

Pioneer P0801AM AM, RR2, LL 267.0 276.6 108 15.0 58.1 32,525

Dyna-Gro Seed D51VC15 VT2Pro, RR2 260.9 - 111 15.2 59.0 35,553

NuTech/G2 Genetics 5FB-3113 AMXT, RR2, LL 260.0 - 113 16.0 57.8 34,060

Allegiant 11395 SS STXRIB, RR2, LL 255.1 - 113 15.3 57.9 36,590

Dyna-Gro Seed D52SS91 STX, RR2, LL 254.0 253.0 112 15.8 59.3 34,433

NuTech/G2 Genetics 5F-308 AM, RR2, LL 251.8 261.7 108 15.2 59.4 33,769

Dyna-Gro Seed D52SS63 STX, RR2, LL 246.0 - 112 15.4 57.6 34,765

AgVenture EXP185138YHB INT, RR2 LL 244.1 - 113 15.8 57.8 35,657

AgVenture EXP164048AM AM, RR2, LL 238.8 - 104 14.5 57.6 32,753

NuTech/G2 Genetics 5FB-6313 N/A 237.2 - 113 15.8 57.4 30,368

NK Seed NK1094 N/A 234.2 - 110 14.8 57.1 35,138

AgVenture EXP178088AM AM, RR2, LL 230.3 - 108 15.3 58.8 35,201

Dekalb DKC60-87RIB STXRIB, RR2, LL 225.2 - 110 15.1 58.8 34,122

LG Seeds LG59C41STX STX, RR2, LL 222.8 - 109 14.7 59.6 33,147

LG Seeds LG58C77VT2PRO VT2Pro, RR2 222.1 - 108 14.6 59.2 32,960

NK Seed NK0440 AV3122, RR2 221.6 - 104 14.2 56.3 32,815

NuTech/G2 Genetics E5FN-A808 N/A 218.8 - 108 14.9 57.8 30,907

Dekalb DKC56-45RIB STXRIB, RR2, LL 216.8 224.0 106 14.7 58.8 32,940

Dyna-Gro Seed D47VC29 VT2Pro, RR2 213.8 222.2 107 14.3 59.4 31,363

LG Seeds LG5525VT2RIB VT2PRIB, RR2 210.4 - 105 14.3 59.1 32,981

Dyna-Gro Seed D45SS65 STXRIB, RR2, LL 207.1 223.8 105 14.5 59.6 35,553

Dyna-Gro Seed D43SS50 STXRIB, RR2, LL 200.9 - 103 14.4 59.5 36,010

NK Seed NK0821 N/A 200.3 - 108 14.4 57.6 28,059

NK Seed NK1354 AV3220, RR2 194.8 - 113 14.7 57.2 28,397

Average 224.6 239.3 108 14.9 58.5 33,042

d_{LSD (P<0.30)} _10.9

Site Information

Collaborator: Brent Adler Planting Date: April 30, 2018 Harvest Date: November 6, 2018

Fertilizer: N at 230, P at 60, K at 60, and S at 30 lb/ac; Starter: N at 3, P at 12, and Zn at 1.5 lb/ac Herbicide:

Insecticide: Soil Type:

Trial Coordinates: 40.3584,-102.10662

This table may be reproduced only in its entirety.

Julesburg loamy sand

a_{Technology trait designations: AM=Optimum AcreMax; AMXT=Optimum AcreMax Xtreme; AV3122=Agrisure Viptera 3122 EZ} Refuge; AV3220=Agrisure Viptera 3220 EZ Refuge; INT=Optimum Intrasect LL=LibertyLink; N/A=No information available; RR2=Roundup Ready 2; STX=Genuity SmartStax; STXRIB=Genuity SmartStax Refuge in the Bag Complete; VT2PRIB=Genuity VecTran Double Protection Refuge in a Bag; VT2Pro=Genuity VecTran Double Protection.

b_{Yields corrected to 15.5% moisture. Hybrid yields in bold are in the top LSD group.}

c_{Relative maturity is provided by the respective companies and is the approximate time from planting to harvest maturity.} d_{If the difference between two hybrid yields equals or exceeds the LSD value, there is a 70% chance the difference is significant.}

Lorsban and Capture

1st application: glyphosate at 48 oz/ac, Status at 4 oz/ac, and atrazine at 0.75 lb/ac; 2nd application: glyphosate at 48 oz/ac, Status at 4 oz/ac, and Dual 1.33 pt/ac

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2018 Irrigated Corn Variety Performance Trial at Rocky Ford

Brand Hybrid

Technology Traitsa _Yieldb _{Avg. Yield}2-Year _MaturityRelative c _Moisture _WeightTest _{Height Population}Plant

bu/ac bu/ac percent lb/bu in plants/ac

LG Seeds LG66C32STXRIB STXRIB, RR2, LL 279.5 - 116 15.1 60.1 97 29,524

Dyna-Gro Seed D55SS45 STX, RR2, LL 270.2 - 115 14.7 60.2 95 30,976

Dyna-Gro Seed D52SS63 STX, RR2, LL 266.4 - 112 14.5 58.7 95 29,814

LG Seeds LG61C48STXRIB STXRIB, RR2, LL 264.6 - 111 14.6 58.2 96 30,589

Dyna-Gro Seed D52SS91 STX, RR2, LL 259.5 281.1 112 15.8 59.4 89 28,266

Dyna-Gro Seed D54VC14 VT2Pro, RR2 253.0 - 114 15.2 60.2 93 30,105

Alta ADV 1072 AV3111, RR2, LL 248.8 - 107 14.2 57.0 96 30,782

Alta ADV 1121 N/A 242.4 - 112 16.2 58.0 106 29,040

LG Seeds LG5643STXRIB STXRIB, RR2, LL 242.3 - 114 14.3 58.9 101 30,976

Dyna-Gro Seed D50VC30 VT2Pro, RR2 234.9 264.3 110 14.2 58.3 95 29,524

Pioneer P1197AM AM, RR2, LL 234.4 - 111 14.2 59.1 98 31,073

LG Seeds LG59C41STX STX, RR2, LL 202.0 - 109 14.6 58.7 83 28,169

Phoenix PHX 5352A4 AV3111, RR2, LL 201.4 - 109 14.9 57.8 100 30,589

Dyna-Gro Seed D45SS65 STXRIB, RR2, LL 198.1 220.3 105 13.3 58.8 87 30,686

Average 232.9 240.0 110 14.5 58.6 94 29,872

d_{LSD (P<0.30)} _14.5

b_{Yields corrected to 15.5% moisture.}

Collaborator: Arkansas Valley Research Center Planting Date: May 2, 2018

Harvest Date: October 29, 2018

Fertilizer: N at 10, P at 26, and K at 3 lb/ac applied June 4

N at 173, K at 20, S at 33, and Zn at 2 lb/ac applied June 13 Herbicide: Post-emergence: Mad Dog Plus at 28 oz/ac and Strut at 16 oz/ac Soil Type: Rocky Ford silty clay loam

Irrigation: Furrow irrigated on May 5, June 8, June 19, June 28, July 13, July 31, Aug. 16, and Sept. 5 Previous Crop: Vegetables

Trial Coordinates: 38.0389, -103.6933

a_{Technology trait designations: AM=Optimum AcreMax; AV3111=Agrisure Viptera 3111; LL=LibertyLink; N/A=No information}

available; RR2=Roundup Ready 2; STXRIB=Genuity SmartStax Refuge in the Bag Complete; STX=Genuity SmartStax; VT2Pro=Genuity VecTran Double Protection.

c_{Relative maturity is provided by the respective companies and is the approximate time from planting to harvest maturity.}

The method of calculation of the relative maturity ratings may vary among companies.

d_{If the difference between two hybrid yields equals or exceeds the LSD value, there is a 70% chance the difference is significant.}

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2018 Limited Irrigation Corn Variety Performance Trial at Burlington

Brand Hybrid

Technology Traitsa _Yieldb _{Avg. Yield}2-Year _MaturityRelative c _Moisture _WeightTest _{Height Population}Plant

bu/ac bu/ac percent lb/bu in plants/ac

Dyna-Gro Seed D52SS91 STX, RR2, LL 202.6 194.1 112 17.8 57.2 98 32,409

LG Seeds LG61C48STXRIB STXRIB, RR2, LL 184.1 - 111 16.1 57.3 102 33,106

NuTech/G2 Genetics 5F-308 AM, RR2, LL 181.2 170.6 108 15.4 58.6 101 35,484

NuTech/G2 Genetics 5F-906 AM, RR2, LL 180.8 188.5 106 15.0 57.8 98 32,409

Dekalb DKC60-87RIB STXRIB, RR2, LL 180.6 - 110 15.6 58.2 98 33,454

Dyna-Gro Seed D52SS63 STX, RR2, LL 180.1 - 112 15.7 57.5 101 32,757

Dyna-Gro Seed D55SS45 STX, RR2, LL 179.4 - 115 17.8 58.6 99 33,106

LG Seeds LG5606STXRIB STXRIB, RR2, LL 179.0 - 111 15.7 59.6 101 33,803

LG Seeds LG59C41STX STX, RR2, LL 176.4 - 109 15.4 58.6 96 31,621

NuTech/G2 Genetics 5FB-1010 N/A 171.6 - 110 16.2 57.9 95 32,757

NK Seed NK1094 N/A 147.9 - 110 14.4 56.6 90 34,848

Dekalb DKC56-45RIB STXRIB, RR2, LL 145.9 - 106 14.8 57.7 90 30,870

NuTech/G2 Genetics E5FN-A808 N/A 142.7 - 108 14.9 57.4 94 31,363

Phoenix PHX 5352A4 AV3111, RR2, LL 138.0 - 109 14.8 57.9 99 29,969

LG Seeds LG58C77VT2PRO VT2Pro, RR2 129.5 - 108 14.5 58.5 97 31,712

Alta ADV 1072 AV3111, RR2, LL 128.7 - 107 14.5 56.0 95 32,060

NK Seed NK0821 N/A 126.3 - 108 14.4 57.3 97 29,272

NK Seed NK0440 AV3122, RR2 125.8 - 104 14.2 55.2 98 31,015

NK Seed NK1354 AV3220, RR2 122.8 - 113 15.2 57.2 98 30,318

Dyna-Gro Seed D45SS65 STXRIB, RR2, LL 108.9 133.1 105 14.7 59.5 90 29,241

LG Seeds LG59C66VT2PRO VT2Pro, RR2 107.2 - 109 14.8 60.5 96 28,924

Average 152.0 160.3 109 15.2 58.0 31,612

d_{LSD (P<0.30)} _9.1

Collaborator: Tim Stahlecker Planting Date: May 1, 2018 Harvest Date: October 30, 2018

Fertilizer: N at 218, P at 60, S at 10, Zn at 1.25 lb/ac Herbicide:

Soil Type: Kuma-Keith silt loam Trial Coordinates: 39.3952, -102.4504

a_{Technology trait designations: AM=Optimum AcreMax; AV3111=Agrisure Viptera 3111; AV3122=Agrisure Viptera 3122 EZ Refuge;} AV3220=Agrisure Viptera 3220 EZ Refuge; LL=LibertyLink; N/A=No information available; RR2=Roundup Ready 2; STXRIB=Genuity SmartStax Refuge in the Bag Complete; STX=Genuity SmartStax; VT2Pro=Genuity VecTran Double Protection.

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2018 Irrigated Corn Variety Performance Trial at Yuma

Brand Hybrid

Technology Traitsa _Yieldb _{Avg. Yield}2-Year _MaturityRelative c _Moisture _{Weight Population}Test

bu/ac bu/ac percent lb/bu plants/ac Pioneer P0801AM AM, RR2, LL 316.4 302.1 108 17.4 56.7 32,815 LG Seeds LG66C32STXRIB STXRIB, RR2, LL 305.2 - 116 21.7 55.4 33,106 NK Seed NK1094 N/A 302.2 - 110 17.4 54.7 35,429 B-H Genetics BH 8121VT2P VT2Pro, RR2 300.0 - 111 17.3 57.2 31,654 Dyna-Gro Seed D51VC15 VT2Pro, RR2 297.7 - 111 17.3 57.1 35,719 NuTech/G2 Genetics 5FB-1010 N/A 295.8 - 110 18.2 56.9 34,848 Phoenix PHX 5352A4 AV3111, RR2, LL 294.0 - 109 19.4 55.3 33,977 B-H Genetics BH 8399VT2P VT2Pro, RR2 293.4 282.9 112 19.6 55.5 30,782 Dekalb DKC60-87RIB STXRIB, RR2, LL 292.2 265.3 110 19.2 56.5 33,106 NuTech/G2 Genetics 5F-906 AM, RR2, LL 291.2 282.2 106 17.7 57.1 32,234 Dyna-Gro Seed D52SS63 STX, RR2, LL 289.1 - 112 19.3 55.3 33,686 Allegiant 11395 SS STXRIB, RR2, LL 286.9 - 113 19.6 55.5 33,686 LG Seeds LG5643STXRIB STXRIB, RR2, LL 286.7 - 114 20.8 54.8 32,234 Dyna-Gro Seed D52SS91 STX, RR2, LL 283.2 276.2 112 21.0 56.0 31,363 Dyna-Gro Seed D49VC70 VT2Pro, RR2 282.3 - 109 19.1 55.8 32,525 Alta ADV 1072 AV3111, RR2, LL 282.1 - 107 15.8 56.1 33,396 NK Seed NK0440 AV3122, RR2 281.9 - 104 16.3 55.7 33,686 LG Seeds LG61C48STXRIB STXRIB, RR2, LL 281.9 - 111 19.1 55.6 32,234 NuTech/G2 Genetics E5FN-A808 N/A 281.3 - 108 16.8 56.5 31,944 Dyna-Gro Seed D55SS45 STX, RR2, LL 281.0 - 115 21.1 55.7 30,202 Dyna-Gro Seed D54VC14 VT2Pro, RR2 277.4 - 114 19.1 57.3 31,073

Alta ADV 1121 N/A 275.5 - 112 17.9 57.1 32,234

NK Seed NK1354 AV3220, RR2 274.5 - 113 17.8 56.0 30,202 LG Seeds LG59C41STX STX, RR2, LL 266.4 - 109 17.1 57.4 31,073 NuTech/G2 Genetics 5F-308 AM, RR2, LL 265.5 270.1 108 17.9 57.9 32,815 LG Seeds LG59C66VT2PRO VT2Pro, RR2 258.6 - 109 16.3 59.3 32,234 Dekalb DKC64-34RIB STXRIB, RR2, LL 258.4 266.1 114 18.2 57.6 32,815 Dyna-Gro Seed D48VC76 VT2Pro, RR2 255.1 - 108 17.1 57.5 33,396 NK Seed NK0821 N/A 253.4 - 108 15.1 56.7 30,202 LG Seeds LG58C77VT2PRO VT2Pro, RR2 248.3 - 108 16.0 58.1 29,911 Dyna-Gro Seed D50VC30 VT2Pro, RR2 247.4 246.4 110 16.1 57.7 36,300 Dyna-Gro Seed D43VC81 VT2Pro, RR2 246.3 - 103 16.1 57.8 31,363 Dyna-Gro Seed D44VC36 VT2Pro, RR2 243.5 239.4 104 16.1 58.1 32,525 Dyna-Gro Seed D43SS50 STXRIB, RR2, LL 237.4 - 103 15.8 59.1 35,719 Dyna-Gro Seed D45SS65 STXRIB, RR2, LL 233.4 227.7 105 15.9 58.9 33,396 Dyna-Gro Seed D47VC29 VT2Pro, RR2 229.1 229.3 107 16.3 58.5 31,654 Allegiant 10211 SS STXRIB, RR2, LL 226.8 - 102 15.0 57.6 31,944 Allegiant 10007 SS STXRIB, RR2, LL 186.9 - 100 15.1 58.9 25,555 Allegiant 10652 SS STXRIB, RR2, LL 144.9 - 106 17.5 59.1 19,457 Average 268.0 262.5 109 17.7 56.9 32,115 d_{LSD (P<0.30)} _13.5 Site Information

Collaborator: Joe Newton Planting Date: May 9, 2018 Harvest Date: October 28, 2018

Fertilizer: N at 290, P at 30, S at 40 lb/ac plus manure applied at 8 ton/ac Herbicide:

Soil Type: Julesburg loamy sand

a_{Technology trait designations: AM=Optimum AcreMax; AV3111=Agrisure Viptera 3111; AV3122=Agrisure Viptera 3122 EZ}

Refuge; AV3220=Agrisure Viptera 3220 EZ Refuge; LL=LibertyLink; N/A=No information available; RR2=Roundup Ready 2; STXRIB=Genuity SmartStax Refuge in the Bag Complete; STX=Genuity SmartStax; VT2Pro=Genuity VecTran Double Protection.

Early post-emergence: Atrazine at 1.5 pt/ac, glyphosate at 1.5 qt/ac, Zidua at 2 oz/ac, Clarity at 6 oz/ac, and Laudis at 2 oz/ac

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2018 Irrigated Corn Variety Performance Trial at Wiggins

Brand Hybrid

Technology Traitsa _Yieldb _{Avg. Yield}2-Year

Relative

Maturityc _Moisture _{Weight Population}Test _HeightPlant bu/ac bu/ac percent lb/bu plants/ac in

NuTech/G2 Genetics 5F-906 AM, RR2, LL 224.8 248.7 106 14.3 57.8 30,633 105

LG Seeds LG5525VT2RIB VT2PRIB, RR2 219.3 - 105 14.2 58.9 31,757 96

NuTech/G2 Genetics 5F-308 AM, RR2, LL 214.9 245.9 108 14.7 58.8 31,632 108

Dyna-Gro Seed D51VC15 VT2Pro, RR2 213.8 - 111 14.7 57.2 29,508 102

Dyna-Gro Seed D52SS63 STX, RR2, LL 212.4 - 112 14.5 56.9 32,038 106

NK Seed NK1354 AV3220, RR2 211.2 - 113 14.6 56.6 30,351 97

Dyna-Gro Seed D49VC70 VT2Pro, RR2 209.8 - 109 14.5 57.9 29,789 101

LG Seeds LG53C50STX STX, RR2, LL 203.5 - 103 14.1 58.7 30,820 97

Pioneer P0801AM AM, RR2, LL 200.2 237.1 108 14.2 57.8 34,130 107

NK Seed NK1094 N/A 200.0 - 110 15.1 54.8 32,360 96

Mycogen 2A627 STX, RR2, LL 194.6 - 108 14.7 57.8 33,079 99

Dyna-Gro Seed D41VC71 VT2Pro, RR2 190.7 220.6 102 14.1 58.0 28,665 101

NK Seed NK0440 AV3122, RR2 188.8 - 104 13.9 55.4 30,903 107

LG Seeds LG58C77VT2PRO VT2Pro, RR2 187.9 - 108 14.0 58.0 30,070 104

Allegiant 10007 SS STXRIB, RR2, LL 177.9 - 100 14.1 59.2 28,894 101

NK Seed NK0821 N/A 175.5 - 108 14.1 56.5 27,822 99

Dekalb DKC56-45RIB STXRIB, RR2, LL 173.8 - 106 14.4 57.8 32,475 99

Mycogen 2V489 STX, RR2, LL 171.4 - 101 13.9 55.9 29,789 98

Dyna-Gro Seed D43SS50 STXRIB, RR2, LL 160.8 - 103 14.2 59.2 33,401 100

Dyna-Gro Seed D45SS65 STXRIB, RR2, LL 156.8 193.8 105 14.0 59.0 31,913 97

Average 191.6 223.8 106 14.3 57.8 30,633 101

d_{LSD (P<0.30)} _11.8

Collaborator: Cooksey Farms Planting Date: May 9, 2018 Harvest Date: November 5, 2018

Fertilizer: N at 250, P at 80, K at 20, and S at 30 lb/ac Herbicide:

Soil Type:

Trial Coordinates: 39.993586, -104.10941Heldt clay

a_{Technology trait designations: AM=Optimum AcreMax; AV3122=Agrisure Viptera 3122 EZ Refuge; AV3220=Agrisure Viptera 3220 EZ} Refuge; INT=Optimum Intrasect LL=LibertyLink; N/A=No information available; RR2=Roundup Ready 2; STX=Genuity SmartStax; STXRIB=Genuity SmartStax Refuge in the Bag Complete; VT2PRIB=Genuity VecTran Double Protection Refuge in a Bag; VT2Pro=Genuity VecTran Double Protection.

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2018 Dryland Corn Variety Performance Trial at Akron

Brand Hybrid

Technology Traitsa _Yieldb _MaturityRelative c _Moisture _WeightTest _{Height Population}Ear

bu/ac percent lb/bu in plants/ac

Dyna-Gro Seed D49VC70 VT2Pro, RR2 73.3 109 14.8 57.8 32 12,632

Dyna-Gro Seed D37VC64 VT2Pro, RR2 69.1 97 13.7 57.4 30 14,084

NuTech/G2 Genetics 5H-905 HX, RR2, LL 69.1 105 13.3 54.6 33 13,358

Dekalb DKC51-20RIB VT2PRIB, RR2 67.2 101 13.4 57.4 31 11,035

Dyna-Gro Seed D47VC29 VT2Pro, RR2 67.1 107 13.6 58.3 31 12,778

Dyna-Gro Seed D45SS65 STXRIB, RR2, LL 65.9 105 13.7 59.3 33 13,213

Pioneer P0801AM AM, RR2, LL 64.0 108 13.6 57.3 34 12,632

NK Seed NK0760 AV3111, RR2, LL 63.6 107 13.6 55.2 37 13,213

Dyna-Gro Seed D39DC43 VT2Pro, RR2 61.9 99 13.1 57.9 31 13,068

NK Seed NK0199 AV3122, RR2 61.7 101 13.4 58.1 40 13,068

Allegiant 10211 SS STXRIB, RR2, LL 60.2 102 13.3 58.4 32 12,487

NuTech/G2 Genetics 5F-601 AM, RR2, LL 58.5 101 13.3 57.7 35 12,052

Allegiant 10007 SS STXRIB, RR2, LL 58.3 100 13.2 57.7 32 9,728

NuTech/G2 Genetics E5FN-A604 N/A 58.2 104 13.4 56.4 36 12,923

NK Seed NK9535 AV3220, RR2 56.4 95 13.0 57.0 35 13,358

Dyna-Gro Seed D43SS50 STXRIB, RR2, LL 54.2 103 13.3 59.0 33 12,778

Average 62.9 103 13.5 57.5 32 12,660

d_{LSD (P<0.30)} _5.4

Collaborator: Central Great Plains Research Center

Planting Date: May 16, 2018

Fertilizer: Starter: N at 3 and P at 11 lb/ac; Pre-plant: N at 49 lb/ac. Herbicide:

Soil Type: Weld Silt Loam

a_{Technology trait designations: AM=AcreMax; AV3111=Agrisure Viptera 3111; AV3122=Agrisure Viptera 3122 EZ Refuge;}

AV3220=Agrisure Viptera 3220 EZ Refuge; HX=Herculex I; LL=LibertyLink; N/A=No information available;

RR2=Roundup Ready 2; STXRIB=Genuity SmartStax Refuge in the Bag Complete; VT2PRIB=Genuity VecTran Double Protection Refuge in the Bag Complete; VT2Pro=Genuity VecTran Double Protection.

d_{If the difference between two hybrid yields equals or exceeds the LSD value, there is a 70% chance the difference is}

significant.

April 25: Lumax EZ at 2.7 qt/ac and Cornerstone Plus at 1 qt/ac; June 14: Cornerstone Plus at 1.5 qt/ac, Atrazine 4L at 1 pt/ac, and Sterling Blue at 2 oz/ac

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2018 Dryland Corn Variety Performance Trial at Dailey

Brand Hybrid

Technology Traitsa _Yieldb _MaturityRelative c _{Moisture Test Weight Population}

bu/ac percent lb/bu plants/ac

Dyna-Gro Seed D43VC81 VT2Pro, RR2 81.6 103 17.2 53.9 14,520

Dyna-Gro Seed D41VC71 VT2Pro, RR2 78.6 102 19.2 52.8 13,939

NuTech\G2 Genetics 5H-905 HX, RR2, LL 77.6 105 19.8 51.2 14,520

Dekalb DKC51-20RIB VT2PRIB, RR2 74.8 101 14.4 54.2 14,520

NK Seed NK9535 AV3220, RR2 74.6 95 15.3 55.2 14,520

NK Seed NK0760 AV3111, RR2, LL 72.7 107 22.8 51.7 15,101

Pioneer P0801AM AM, RR2, LL 72.6 108 20.2 54.0 15,101

Dyna-Gro Seed D44VC36 VT2Pro, RR2 72.1 104 22.0 53.8 15,101

Dyna-Gro Seed D43SS50 STXRIB, RR2, LL 71.4 103 24.1 53.4 15,101

NuTech\G2 Genetics 5F-601 AM, RR2, LL 69.7 101 17.6 55.1 15,101

Dyna-Gro Seed D39DC43 VT2Pro, RR2 69.4 99 16.5 55.0 14,520

NK Seed NK0199 AV3122, RR2 69.4 101 18.8 53.8 15,682

NuTech\G2 Genetics E5FN-A604 N/A 66.5 104 20.6 51.1 15,682

Dyna-Gro Seed D45SS65 STXRIB, RR2, LL 66.5 105 15.1 55.7 15,101

Allegiant 10007 SS STXRIB, RR2, LL 51.2 100 20.7 54.7 8,131

Average 70.6 103 19.0 53.7 14,491

d_{LSD (P<0.30)} _5.3

b_{Yields corrected to 15.5% moisture.}

Collaborator: Mark and Neal Lambert

Planting Date: June 4, 2018

Fertilizer: Herbicide:

Soil Type: Haxtun sandy loam

a_{Technology trait designations: AM=Optimum AcreMax; AV3111=Agrisure Viptera 3111; AV3122=AgrisureViptera 3122 EZ Refuge;}

AV3220=Agrisure Viptera 3220 EZ Refuge; HX=Herculex I; LL=LibertyLink; N/A = No information available; RR2=Roundup Ready 2; STXRIB=Genuity SmartStax Refuge in the Bag Complete; VT2PRIB=Genuity VecTran Double Protection Refuge in the Bag Complete; VT2Pro=Genuity VecTran Double Protection.

d_{If the difference between two hybrid yields equals or exceeds the LSD value, there is a 70% chance the difference is significant.}

Pre-plant: N at 40, P at 23 lb/ac applied as compost. Starter: N at 20, P at 10, and Zn at 0.5 lb/ac

Preplant: 24 oz/ac Roundup RT3; Post-planting: 24 oz/ac RoundUp PowerMAX, 6 oz/ac DiFlexx, 1.1 lb/ac atrazine

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Status of Bacterial Leaf Streak of Corn in the United States

Dr. Kirk Broders

The bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas vasicola pv vasculorum (Xvv), which causes the disease bacterial leaf streak (BLS), was officially reported on maize in the U.S. in 2016 (Korus et al. 2017). This represents the first report of this disease in North American and is the only report of the disease anywhere in the world outside of South Africa. The disease was observed in 51 counties in Nebraska as well as 6 counties in eastern Colorado and 16 counties in western Kansas. The disease has continued to expand in 2016 reaching epidemic proportion in regions of Colorado, Kansas and Nebraska with several fields reporting disease incidence levels above 90% and disease severity reaching greater than 50% of leaf area infected. This level of disease will likely have an impact on yield. The disease was also recently identified from maize fields in Iowa, Illinois, Oklahoma, South Dakota and Texas. The rapid penetration of Xvv into the U.S. maize production region combined with a lack of management methods has created a critical and urgent need for research and engagement with affected producers and allied industry. The 2017 production year again saw significant levels of disease in eastern Colorado, Nebraska and Kansas. While the disease was identified again in Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota and South Dakota, disease incidence remains low. This may indicate that either the weather in the Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska region is more conducive or the varieties grown in this region are more susceptible.

Xvv causes bacterial leaf streak (BLS),

which is primarily a foliar disease of corn. Growers in southwestern Nebraska first began to notice

symptoms of BLS as early as 2014. The disease was observed to be the most severe in semi-arid regions, such as western Nebraska, western Kansas and eastern Colorado, under center-pivot irrigation and in continuous corn production systems. Early symptoms began to appear at the V4 growth stage on lower leaves (Fig 1). It is likely the bacteria are splashed by rain or irrigation water onto these lower leaves. As the season progresses, the

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Xvv infection and reproduction.

The only information pertaining to this disease on maize has come from work done in South Africa, which primarily investigated host range on other African crops, such as sugarcane and banana. We therefore have very limited information on how this pathogen infects its host, what plant tissue(s) it is capable of infecting, how the pathogen survives the winters, where initial inoculum comes from at the beginning of each crop season, how the bacteria spreads from plant to plant and long distance, what climatic variables favor disease development and spread, how many other plant species Xvv is capable of infecting or using as alternate hosts, and if this bacteria will be able to persist and thrive in all corn growing regions of the U.S. Efforts to develop new epidemiological models for Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum Since Xvv was first reported in the United States, researchers at CSU, University of Nebraska and Iowa State University have been leading an effort to describe the disease (Korus et al. 2017), survey the extent and distribution of the disease, develop early detection methods (Lang et al. 2017), assess severity of the disease, and provide outreach programs designed to educate growers (Robertson et al. 2017). Through these efforts, we have established that the most significant levels of BLS have been observed in the region encompassing northeastern Colorado, southeastern Nebraska and northwestern Kansas, which is where first reports of the disease were made in 2014 and 2015 (Fig 2). During the 2016 production year, a significant

eastward spread of the disease was observed as reports of BLS were confirmed in Iowa, Illinois, Oklahoma, South Dakota and Texas (Fig. 2).

In addition to monitoring the spread of this disease, work in the lab of Dr. Broders has focused on understanding the evolutionary history of Xvv and how it may have arrived to the United

Figure 2. Distribution of BLS during 2015 and 2016 based on confirmed identification of Xvv from infected leaf tissue. Not all counties within the 2016 radius had positive confirmations of

Xvv, but fall within the range

of the most east, west, north and south locations with positive identifications, and therefore represent the potential distribution of BLS

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Africa are of critical importance to the corn industry.

The only other report of BLS of corn outside of South Africa and the U.S. is Argentina (Plazas et al. Accepted). Dr. Broders is collaborating with researchers at the Universidad Católica de Córdoba in Cordoba, Argentina, regarding symptoms on maize they believed to be BLS. Bacteria were isolated from symptomatic leaves and then shipped to the Broders lab, where seven of the bacterial isolates were determined to be Xvv. While the official report of the disease in Argentina is relatively recent, the symptoms of BLS were first observed in 2010 in Cordoba province and have since spread to the other nine provinces where maize is grown (Plazas et al. Accepted). In order to understand the evolutionary history of maize Xvv

isolates, we sequenced the genomes of 23 isolates recovered from maize in the U.S., Argentina and South Africa. We then compared these to isolates recovered from sugarcane, sorghum and Tripsicum laxum, a wild relative of maize. We found that Xvv isolated from maize in Argentina, South Africa and the US forms a genetic group distinct from isolates infecting sugarcane and T. laxum (Fig. 3). The preliminary analysis indicated there is greater diversity

among isolates of Xvv from Argentina than isolates from South Africa and the US (Fig. 3).

Figure 3. Whole genome phylogeny of X. vasicola isolates recovered from sorghum, T.

laxum, Sugar cane and Maize.

Isolates from Argentina, South Africa and US are highlighted in blue, red and green, respectively.

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production regions in Argentina, South Africa and the United States often located at elevations near 3000 feet above sea level and between 28-40° from the equator (Fig. 4). These regions

experience similar growing

conditions with hot, dry summers with occasionally intense

thunderstorms. We have several hypotheses that may explain this phenomenon. First, semi-arid maize production often requires some type of irrigation, most frequently overhead irrigation. We believe the combination of warm temperatures and frequent overhead irrigation creates an ideal environment for this disease to reach epidemic levels. This has certainly been the case in the U.S. where the most significant levels of disease have been observed in eastern Colorado and western Nebraska where the majority of the corn is under center-pivot irrigation and the climate is more arid. In the case of Argentina, much of the corn is grown without irrigation, but summers are hot and the area is prone to thunderstorms that produce strong winds and hail, which may be important for disease spread. Xvv may be very well-adapted to thrive in these hot, dry climates where periodic wind, rain and irrigation allow it to spread.

In order to understand how this bacterial pathogen survives through the winter, we have set up a series of studies to investigate survival in infected debris. Based on observations we believe Xvv is overwintering in infected corn debris left on the soil surface. As young seedlings emerge and begin to grow, we believe the bacteria is being splashed onto the leaves closest to the ground. In order to determine the amount of inoculum that survives in the residue, we collected infected leaves as the corn plants were beginning to senesce.

These leaves were put into mesh bags and either buried at 10 cm below the surface or left on

Figure 4. Global distribution of confirmed Xvv infections of maize causing BLS (red circles) in relation to global maize production and distribution of semi-arid and dry subhumid production regions

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levels to cause infection in the spring. Of greatest significance is the difference between the amount of Xvv that survives in residue left on the surface versus the amount of Xvv in residue buried just 4 inches below the surface. We found that there was on average a greater than 1000% reduction in the amount of Xvv in residue buried in the soil compared to Xvv in residue left on the soil surface (Fig 5). This is likely the result of soil microbes degrading the leaf tissue and out competing Xvv for space.

Finally, we scored the CSU corn variety trial to determine which hybrids are more resistant or susceptible to Xvv. Bacterial leaf streak was present at the Burlington, Yuma and Holyoke variety trial, however we only recorded disease severity data at the Yuma and Holyoke sites as hail damage prevented accurate scoring at Burlington. The results show a significant effect of hybrid on disease severity, varieties ranging from moderately resistant to highly susceptible. None of the hybrids were completely resistant, but there were several that had very limited disease (Fig 6).

There are few effective methods for management of Xanthomonas in the field. Little is

known about the effective management of BLS in corn. To date, there is no chemical control commercially available for BLS. While cultural control measures are likely to offer some degree of control of BLS by decreasing the amount of primary inoculum

Figure 5. Survival of Xvv in corn residue

left on the soil surface, buried 4 inches below the surface or present in the soil at three locations in eastern Colorado. CFU = Colony forming units or a single bacterial cell.

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exists, indicating management may be possible through host resistance. Because of the limited amount of information available for BLS control, we must look to related crop species to examine which management methods might be successful for Xvv. For bacterial leaf streak of sorghum which is caused by X. v. pv. holcicola, resistant varieties are the main method of disease control, followed by cultural methods including rotation and weed control (Janse 2005). Currently little is known about host resistance to BLS. BLS can be severe on grain corn, sweet corn and popcorn, indicating there is susceptibility in all types of maize germplasm and maize varieties need to be evaluated and improved for BLS so that susceptible germplasm is not released. In order to query host resistance, it is necessary to evaluate populations to demonstrate that sufficient phenotypic variation exists in order to provide the raw material to breed for resistance. Once phenotypic variation is shown to exist, alleles for resistance and susceptibility can be identified. After identification of resistant alleles, favorable alleles need to be incorporated into breeding programs and detrimental alleles purged.

References

Dyer RA. Botanical surveys and control of plant diseases. Farming in South Africa. Annu Rep Dep Agric South Afr. 1949;275: 119–121.

Janse, J. D. (2005). Phytobacteriology: principles and practice, Cabi.

Korus K, Lang J, Adesmoye AO, et al. (2017) First report of Xanthomonas vasicola causing bacterial leaf streak on corn in the United States. Plant Disease, 101, 1030.

Lang J, DuCharme E, Ibarra-Caballero J, et al. (2017) Detection and characterization of

Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum (Cobb 1894) comb. nov. causing bacterial leaf streak of

corn in the United States. Phytopathology, In Press.

Plazas MC, De Rossi RL, Brucher E, Guerra FA, Vilaro M., Guerra GD, Wu G., Ortiz-Castro MC, Broders K. (2017) First report of Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum causing bacterial leaf streak of maize (Zea mays L.) in Argentina. Plant Disease. Accepted. https://doi.

org/10.1094/PDIS-10-17-1578-PDN

Robertson A, Broders K, Jackson TA, et al. (2017) Bacterial Leaf Streak. Crop Protection Network, CPN-2008. http://cropprotectionnetwork.org/corn/cpn-2008-bacterial-leaf-streak/.

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The latest version of this document is always posted at https://www.texasinsects.org/bt-corn-trait-table.html

For questions & corrections: Chris DiFonzo, Michigan State Univ., difonzo@msu.edu Contributor: Pat Porter, Texas A&M University (southern version of the table)

The Handy Bt Trait Table

for U.S. Corn Production

Most corn hybrids planted in the U.S. have transgenic traits for insect management. The Handy Bt Trait Table provides a helpful list of trait names (below) and details of trait packages (over) to make it easier to understand company seed guides, sales materials, and bag tags.

New for 2019

 Recent mergers resulted in name changes for several seed companies. While your local seed rep may

have a new business card, the names of trait packages remain the same, listed alphabetically on page 2.  Bt Resistance is arguably the most important issue facing growers, extension entomologists, and seed

company agronomists. Problems continue to increase in regions where field failures were already found, and new cases of resistance are reported every season. To date, resistance is confirmed to all Bt toxins targeting western corn rootworm, particularly in the central corn belt. In the southern states, corn earworm and fall armyworm resistance is expanding, while Cry1F no longer controls western bean cutworm in the Great Lakes region. These species were once secondary to European corn borer in importance, but now they are of primary concern for many growers. It is critical to be up-to-date on resistance development in your local area so that you know the limitations of the Bt traits you plant.

Trade name for trait Event Protein(s) expressed Primary Insect Targets + Herbicide tolerance

Agrisure CB/LL Bt11 Cry1Ab + PAT corn borer + glufosinate

Agrisure Duracade 5307 eCry3.1Ab rootworm

Agrisure GT GA21 EPSPS glyphosate

Agrisure RW MIR604 mCry3A rootworm

Agrisure Viptera MIR162 Vip3A broad caterpillar control, except for corn borer

Enlist DAS40278 aad-1 2,4-D herbicide detoxification

Herculex I (HXI) or CB TC1507 Cry1Fa2 + PAT corn borer + glufosinate

Herculex CRW DAS-59122-7 Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1 + PAT rootworm + glufosinate

(None – part of Qrome) DP-4114 Cry1F + Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1 + PAT corn borer + rootworm + glufosinate

Roundup Ready 2 NK603 EPSPS glyphosate

Yieldgard Corn Borer MON810 Cry1Ab corn borer

Yieldgard Rootworm MON863 Cry3Bb1 rootworm

Yieldgard VT Pro MON89034 Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2 corn borer & several caterpillar species

Field corn ‘events’ (transformations of one or more genes) and their Trade Names

Updated November

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Trait packages in alphabetical order (acronym)

Bt protein(s) in the trait package

Marketed for control of:

Insects resistant to the combination of Bt proteins in the trait package Herbicide trait Non-Bt Refuge % (cornbelt) B C W C E W E C B F A W SB S C B S W C B T A W W B C C R W RR2GT LL

AcreMax (AM) Cry1Ab Cry1F x x x x x x FAW WBC x x 5% in bag AcreMax CRW (AMRW) Cry34/35Ab1 x CRW x x 10% in bag AcreMax1 (AM1) Cry1F Cry34/35Ab1 x x x x x x x FAW SWCB WBC

CRW x x 10% in bag20% ECB AcreMax Leptra (AML) Cry1Ab Cry1F Vip3A x x x x x x x x x x x 5% in bag AcreMax TRIsect

(AMT) Cry1Ab Cry1FmCry3A x x x x x x x FAW WBC CRW x x 10% in bag AcreMax Xtra

(AMX) Cry1Ab Cry1FCry34/35Ab1 x x x x x x x FAW WBC CRW x x 10% in bag AcreMax Xtreme

(AMXT) Cry1Ab Cry1FmCry3A Cry34/35Ab1 x x x x x x x FAW WBC CRW x x 5% in bag Agrisure 3010 and 3010A Cry1Ab x x x x x 20% Agrisure 3000GT and 3011A Cry1Ab mCry3A x x x x CRW x x 20% Agrisure Viptera 3110 Cry1Ab Vip3A x x x x x x x x x x x 20% Agrisure Viptera 3111 Cry1Ab Vip3A mCry3A x x x x x x x x x x CRW x x 20% Agrisure

3120 E-Z Refuge Cry1Ab Cry1F x x x x x x FAW WBC x See bag tag for code EZ0 NO EZ1 YES 5% in bag Agrisure

3122 EZ Refuge Cry1Ab Cry1F mCry3A Cry34/35Ab1 x x x x x x x FAW WBC CRW x 5% in bag Agrisure Viptera

3220 E-Z Refuge Cry1Ab Cry1F Vip3A x x x x x x x x x x 5% in bag Agrisure Viptera

3330 E-Z Refuge Cry1Ab Vip3ACry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2 x x x x x x x x x x 5% in bag

Agrisure Duracade

5122 E-Z Refuge Cry1Ab Cry1FmCry3A eCry3.1Ab x x x x x x x FAW WBCCRW x 5% in bag Agrisure Duracade

5222 E-Z Refuge Cry1Ab Cry1F Vip3A mCry3A eCry3.1Ab x x x x x x x x x x CRW x 5% in bag Herculex I (HXI) Cry1F x x x x x x FAW SWCB WBC x x 20% Herculex RW (HXRW) Cry34/35Ab1 x CRW x x 20% Herculex XTRA (HXX) Cry1F Cry34/35Ab1 x x x x x x x FAW SWCB WBC

CRW x x 20% Intrasect (YHR) Cry1Ab Cry1F x x x x x x FAW WBC x x 5% Intrasect TRIsect (CYHR) Cry1Ab Cry1F

mCry3A x x x x x x x FAW WBC CRW x x 20% Intrasect Xtra (YXR) Cry1Ab Cry1F

Cry34/35Ab1 x x x x x x x FAW WBC CRW x x 20% Intrasect Xtreme (CYXR) Cry1Ab Cry1F

mCry3A Cry34/35Ab1 x x x x x x x FAW WBC CRW x x 5% Leptra (VYHR) Cry1Ab Cry1F Vip3A x x x x x x x x x x x 5% Powercore a

Powercore Refuge Advancedb Cry1A.105 Cry2Ab2 _Cry1F x x x x x x x CEW WBC x x a _5% b _{5% in bag}

QROME (Q) Cry1Ab Cry1F

mCry3A Cry34/35Ab1 x x x x x x x FAW WBC CRW x x 5% in bag SmartStax a

Smartstax Refuge Advanced b

SmartStax RIB Complete b

Cry1A.105 Cry2Ab2 Cry1F Cry3Bb1 Cry34/35Ab1 x x x x x x x x CEW WBC CRW x x a _5% b _{5% in bag} Trecepta a

Trecepta RIB Complete b Cry1A.105 Cry2Ab2 _Vip3A x x x x x x x x x x

a _5% b _{5% in bag}

TRIsect (CHR) Cry1F mCry3A x x x x x x x FAW SWCB WBC

CRW x x 20% VT Double PRO a

VT Double PRO RIB Completeb Cry1A.105 Cry2Ab2 x x x x x x CEW x

a _5% b _{5% in bag} The Handy Bt Trait Table for U.S. Corn Production, updated November 2018

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Making better decisions: 2018 Colorado corn variety performance trials

Agricultural

Experiment Station

Making

Better

Decisions

2018 Colorado

Corn

Variety

Performance

Trials

Table of Contents

Authors

Acknowledgments

2018 Colorado Corn Hybrid Performance Trials

2018 Irrigated Corn Variety Performance Trial at Holyoke

2018 Irrigated Corn Variety Performance Trial at Rocky Ford

2018 Limited Irrigation Corn Variety Performance Trial at Burlington

2018 Irrigated Corn Variety Performance Trial at Yuma

2018 Irrigated Corn Variety Performance Trial at Wiggins

2018 Dryland Corn Variety Performance Trial at Akron

2018 Dryland Corn Variety Performance Trial at Dailey

Status of Bacterial Leaf Streak of Corn in the United States

The Handy Bt Trait Table

for U.S. Corn Production