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VENIA AMPLISS. FACULT. PHILOSOPH.
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EXCUDEBANT REG IA E ACADEMIAE TYPOGRAPI1!
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O ECON. P R A C T . P R O F . R E G . BORGSTRÖM.
R E G . O RD . D E STELLA PO L. EQU1TE.
PRO GRADU PHILOSOPHICO
CAROLUS JOHANNES BACKMAN
]N o n l.
IN AU D IT. GUSTAV. D IE XI JU N II MDCCCXLV.
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d iv. JJreyer b a u d observasse C. pacificam suam esse C. lennem S cim m ., quum su am S c h u m a c h e r i loco legerit. Quidquid nunc in h e r b a r i o S c h u m a c h e r i s e r v e t u r , e descriptione, florendi t e m p o r e etc. S c h u m a c h e r i p la n ta numquam in dubium vocari potest. R e s ta n t qu oque plures Sch umach eri Carices, v. c. C.
obtusanm ila et C. am pullacea clare distinctae, quae ulteriori e x p lo r a tio n e dignae sunt. — M agnopere dolemus ad nos haud pe rv e n is s e sp e c im in a V a h lia n a Caricum Grönlandicarum a D r e y e r o e x p o s i ta r u m .
E p e rig y n ii ju n io ris in d o le in duas series abeunt hujus sp e c ie s; a lt e r a hyperborea, cujus infimas species, locis siccis o b v ia s , alp e s australiores m o d o e n it u n t u r ; altera campestris, p e r r e g io n e s magis te m p e r a ta s r e g n a n s , in arcticis terris ra r e scens 1. deficiens o m nino (Cfr. D rey. diss.) praeter ubiqui- ta r ia m C. v u lg a re m , in regionibus vero polaribus in C. con
colorem B r o w n d e g e n e ra n te m . Arcticae variant stigmati- bus '2—3.
* ylrclicae, perigynio virgineo obovato, fructu obtusissimo.
C A R E X i maritima. Miill. FI, Dan. t. 703. V/ahl.
L a p p . p. 245. Herb. Norm. H I . n. 7(T.
N a s c it u r secus oc e a n u m a F inm arkia ad Gothoburgum, Tuckerm an. Ab o m n ib u s nostris spicis constanter pendulis et a r i s ta lo ngissim a differt. Color in s u p e r pallescens. Fiuctus o b so le te n e rv o s i. — Ad C. cuspidatam se habet fero ut C.
a cuta * personata ad C. acutam fluviatilem .
Obs. C. L yngbyei H o rn . FI. Dan. t. 1888, cujus tria modo r e p o r t a t a sp e c im in a , q u o r u m u n u m milii dedit div. Jiorne- m a n n , squam is atrofuscis, fru ctu costato etc. bene diveisa.
A C. c r y p l o c a r p a C. A . M ey erl (C. filipendula D rey.i C. Ro- in a n z o w ia n a C ham !) potissimum differt squamis fuscis, cuspide s q u a m a r u m a r i s t a t a , serrata. C. macrochaela C. A. Muy.. vix e x h a r u m g r e g e ; c o n s ta n te r trig y n a , arista longissima setacea, c e t e r u m g r a m e n m o lle laxum e. s. p. C. sitchensis Presc.'.
c o m C. paludosa m ihi potissimum videtur comparanda.
C A R E X 2 salina. W a h l . Lapp. p. 276.
a. C. cnrpidala, s q u am i s aristatis. LVohl. Carie. in Net. Holm. i$oy p • 164. IVilld. Spec. IH - p. 2$d.
C. lineola C. A . M eyer ! e x ins. Karaginsk m ihi hujus iorrna p u m i l a videtur.
10.
b. submutica, squamis muticis m uc r on a t i sv e, H m b . N o rm . N I 11. n. 72.
P r a e c e d e n t e m fide c o m i ta t u r n e c d is tin g u en d as censseo v a r i e t a t e s , licet h aec fere ad C. cryptocarpam se h a b e a t u: C.
c u s p i d a ta ad C. m aritim am . G. c u s p id a ta e n o m e n equiddem re s t i t u t u m m allem ; p rim itiv a m e n im C. salinam ad C. aquua- tilem p e r tin e r e censeo. Spicis a r r e c tis , squam is fuscescenlibbus a p r a e c e d e n t e ; a sq. culm o a c u t a n g u l o , vulg o s c a b r o , fobliis planis squam is longe cuspidatis et i n b. o b lo n g is , f r u c titu m te g e n t ib u s , dignoscitur. Si f r u c t u m in C. a q u a tili su p e r e a n t v a ld e ang u statae e t fr u c tu a ngustiores . V aria t spicis subsessinli- b u s , m a s c u la so litaria etc.
Obs. I n t e r exoticas species h u ic p r o x i m a est C. reeeta Bott. e L a b r a d o r ! ; p e r i g y n iu m , a r c t ic a r u m m o r e , q u id e m s u b r r o - t u n d o - o b o v a t u m , sed ro s tro te r e ti d i s t i n c tu m ; s t a t u r a robustiuor, spicae fastigiatae. (J, stylosa C. A. M e y ,! longe r e c e d i t; s p eeei- m i n a a me a c cep ta distigmatica q u id e m s u n t , sed sp icae l o o n - gissime p e n d u la e , o m n in o C. acutae personatae. E p e r i g y r n i o o b o v a to in stipitem lo n g u m p r o d u c t o a d a r c t ic a r u m s e r iu e m t a m e n certe p e r t i n e t .
C A R E X 3 aquatilis.
W a h l e n b . L a p p . p. 2446.
H e r b . N o r m . III. n. 77.
— salina, o be s ior , flavescens. C. salina. INanhl, Carie. I. c. p . 63. — /?. IN ahl. L app. p. 246.
* C. epigejos, spica m a s c u l a solitaria (basi saeppe f e mi n e a ) , femineis s ubsessi libus, foliis planis. Laeest, in N « A c. H andl. 1^22. p.
C. aquatilis.
Hook. B rit. 4. p . 336. e x G r e w . !
S u b h o c n o m i n e etiam habeo e si 1111 St. L a u r e n t i i freti B 3 e - ringii. C. stans. D re y e r?Culm o laevi ob tu s an g u lo , fo lio r u m m a r g in e i n v o lu tito , spicis strictis gra cilibus, f r u c t u co m p r e s s o e n e r v i a p ro x in m is dignoscitur. — C. salinam p r i m i t i v a m , in n u e n te 111. I n v e n t o o r e liu c d u c o , c u m singula species g la u c e sc e n s etiam h a b e a t f o o r - m a m lu tescen tem (p rorsus h u ic r e s p o n d e n t e s h ab em u s fo rm n as C. acu ta e v. c. flu v ia tilis) et Cei. L aestadius directos tr a n s it tus miserit. — l a c i e s q u id e m C. a c u ta e, tricostatae, stricta e, at e f o r m a p e rig y n ii m anifeste ad a r c t ic a m se r ie m p e r l in e t ( e e s t q u o q u e in arcticis te r ris c o m m u n i s , s e d e x t r a S u e c ia m a u s t r u u m
14'7 v e rs u s n o n l e c f a , et hinc manifeste ad (C. salinam, illinc locis siccis ir. C- rigidam abit. — C- epigejios taimcjuam species in te r lias i n t e r m e d i a facile distinguenda-, at rcbaraccteres e v id e n te r diislin- g u e n te s h a c te n u s non reperi. Viariat enim C. a q u a tilis, u t r e l i q u a e , spicis pedunculatis et sesfsilibu.s, squamis o b tu sis c a p s u la b r e v i o r ib u s et acuminatis f r u c tu lomgioribus (a t t u m s e m p e r e o d e m siinul angustioribus); e ti a m in maxime vegetis folia e x p l a n a n t u r (talis est C. aquatilis subaicuta Laesi, in N. Act.
Ups. XI. p. 2 8 7 ) , sed siccitate m a r g i n e s i n c u r v a n t u r , cum in f o r m is la tifo liis C. rigidae ex curvantur. JSon ex singulis fo r
m i s , sed e x o m n iu m summa speciei id e a nascitur.
Obs. Altera sub C. aquatili epigejos a Cel. H a rtm a n m e m o r a t a f o r m a c u lm o acutangulo scabro etc., q u a n tu m e d e s c r ip t i o n e v i d e o , e st analoga forma C. acutae et quidem rip en sis L a e st., q u a e C. epigejos simillima e s t, perigvnii ta m e n f o r ma m a n if e s te ad sq. seriem perlinet. — C eteru m p r o p t e r d e
fe c tu m s p e c i m i n u m specierum D reyeri plures notabiles form as inno m in a ta s relinquo. C. stantem, C- Iky per boream e. s. p. in t e r f o r m a s a m e descrip ta s adesse n o n d ubitam us , a t p le n a c e r t i t u d i n e s y n o n y m a distribuere n o n valeo.
128. C A R E X 4 rigida, spira mascula s u b s o l i t a r i a , spicis femineis erectis, bracteis basi biauricula- tis vagi na destitutis, stigtnatibus 2 , fr uctibus stipitellatis obovato-ellipticis lenticulari-campres- sii c os ta unica subtrigonis laevibus brevissime r o s t r a t i s , culmo ac ut an gu l o , foliis latis c a r i n a tis m ar gi ni bu s subrecurvis. Good. Linn. T r a n sact. I I . p . iQj, Hook. B r it. 4. p. 336. Koch, syn. p . 733.
C. saxatilis. [Ailgo, at cevte non Linn. JVahl.
Succ. p . 613. Laestad. N . A ct. Ups. I X , p. 237, q u i sqq. sepa rat formas:
— infer alpina, pedalis e t sultra, foliis e r e ct i s , br a ct ei s foliaceis, spicis £ pedunculatis e l o n g a tis basi attenualis et saepe rarifloris ( f ere €•
aquatilis), superioribus apice saepe mascul is, rari ssime masculis binis. Herb.. Norm. I X . n, $2.
C. h y p e r b o r e a , D reyer? C. compact a Brow n?
— saxatilis, m e d i a , foliis s u b e x c u r v i s , I nr a- cteis foliaceis, spicis femineis obl ongis r e n n o - t iusculis i nf i ma s ub p e d u n e u l a t a . C. saxattilis.
A u c tt. vulg.
— g lacialis, p u m i l a , r i g i d a , spicis a p p r o x i ma t is s essi li bus, i n t e r d u m cum radieali pedlun- c u l a t a , br a ct e i s auriculato- cus pi dat is , squaunis f r u c t u c o m p r e s s o longioribus. Herb. N . V A I I . n. 77. c. f o r m a monst rosa. Cfr. Lindbl. jB ot.
N o t. 1839. n. 8.
In S u e c i a , boreali; infer alpina locis bunnidis inferalpinis paludosis; saxatilis in al pi bus ; .gla
cialis s u p r a saxa in summi s alpium j ugis.
V a rie t a te s c e t e r u m infinitae, cu lm o laevi et s c a b r o , feolio- r u m d ir e c tio n e , s q u a m a r u m f o r m a , eis que ob tu s is v ulgo, p as
sim cum, m ucrone!, vel a c u t i s , fru ctu lo n g io rib u s et b r e v j io r i- b u s , totis atris 1. c a r i n a pallidiori etc. Sed o m n ia specinmina h e r b a r i o r u m n e u ii q u a m h u c p e r t i n e n t , quaedam ad C. acqua- tile m , alia a d C. vulgarem concolorem. F r u c tu s e n e r v e s , sed ob costam m ed iam p r o m in u l a m su b tr iq u e t r i e v a d u n t. Quiid C.
vulgaris ad C. a c u ta m , id Carex rigida ad C. aquatilem ..
Si sine ce rta le g e , nu lla r a t io n e h a b it a loci n a t a l is , , e x facie e t e x te r n is c h a r a c te r ib u s h u ju s et p ra e c e d e n tis sp ecirm ina d i s t r i b u a n t u r , h u j u s f o r m a e palu dosae in f e ra lp in a e et p r a i e c e - d entis a lp in ae locis siccis nata e o m n in o confluere v id e a r n tu r . Q ui vero u tr iu s q u e vegeta tionis his to riam o p p o sita m n o v i t , , ex his fo r m is , s. d. tra n s ito riis species v id e b i t confirm atas.
129. C A R E X 5 subspathacea, spica m as c u l a ssoli- t a r i a ! l i n e a r i , femineis y subsessilibus d i s t a m t i - bus paucilloris , bracteis foliaceis spathcaceis nervosis , sq ua mi s s u br ot un di s convexis Ibasi a mp le c te nt es f r u c t u s ellipticos convexo-plaanos e n e r v e s , r o s t r o brevi e m a r g i n a t o , culmo gl ai br o obt us angul o foliato.
— p la n ifo lia , foliis p l a n i s , spicis obl oi ngis
s u b p e d u nc u la t is , (squamis t ri n e r v ii s , sed lias
in spec. Scand. non vidi). C. subspatbacea, IV orm sk.! FI. D an. t. 1530. Dreyer I. c. p . 432.
— nardifolia, foliis corivoluto-filiformibus, spicis subglobosis
S e s s i l i b u s .W ahhnb. Car.
I. c. p. 165.! W illd . Spec. IJZ. p. 304.
C. H o p p n e r i . Boott in Hook. FI. Bor. H m .I I . p . zip .! t. 220. descri pti o accuratiss.
I n Nor dl andi a e t F i n m a r k i a , praecipue v.
nardifolia i n alpibus maritimis.
C. aquatili et C. rigidae p r o x i m a -, a C. salina longius d i s t a t , sed v. planijoliae v e re bona specimina e Scandin avia n o n d u m v i d i , sed eo a c c u ra tiu s C Iloppneri, quam D reyer ad C. subspathacearn d u x i t , c u m C. nardifolia genuina con
g r u u n t ; nardijolia enim recen tiu s titulus anceps factus est.
U ltr a se m ip e d a le m a ltitu d in e m n o n elo ngatur, et ta m e n g r a cilis n e c rigid a, c u m C. acu ta e, C. aquatilis etc. formae hum i
lio re s obesae e t r o b u s ta e e v a d u n t. Stolonibus foliosis densis C. caespitosan a e m u l a tu r , cum qua in hac serie analoga. C ul
m u s fo l ia t u s , c e t e r u m p r o f u n d iu s striatus. B racte arum , in v.
jiardifolia v a ld e angustatarum , fo r m a characleristica e t squa
m a e fr u c tu s b a s in amplectentes analo giam cum C. stygia e t ra ri/lo ra i n d i c a n t , non vero f r u c t u m , qui squamas se m p e r e x c e d i t, ita obtegumt; ob h a n c fo r m a m convexam cras sius cu- Ias d i x i t p r im u s I n v e n t o r ; p lu r i m a r u m hujus seriei m o re va ria n t m u c r o n a t a , licet obtusissima s in t et vulg o mutica. S p ic a m a scula huic soli a b s o lu te s o lita r ia , et femineae utpote distantes a p ic e m m iq u a m femineae. P e r ig y n iu m subsessile, u tr in q u e o b tu s u m et r o t u n d a t u m , quo i n t e r h a n c et sq. seriem m e d iu m t e n e t lo cu m .
C A R E X 6 bicolor, Allionii. Laestad. in P'et. Ac.
H andl. 1822. p . 3$l. W a h l. Snec. p. dip.
E s t ex hac grege n a tu r a li , licet ob spicam te r m in a le m a n d r o g y n a m , apice /e m in ea m !, qua et fru c tu obornto-turbinato a re liq u i s d ig n o s c itu r , haec a r c t ic a r u m iniimus ty p u s , aid sp u rie a n d r o g y n a s re f e rri solet. O b e a n d e m caussam C. irriguam ad lias r e f e r r e s .
* * /e/n p era ta e, p e rig y n io virgineo lauceolalo vel apicem v e r s u s a tte n u a to subaeu lo , stylis constantius 2.
C A R E X 7 strid a Go o de n o u g l i — IV a h l SSttec.
p. 614. Herb. N orm . V I I I , n. 7;.
S in g u l a r i , h a c te n u s neg lec to , c h a r a c t e r e ah om nibus dififler!:
f r u c tu s rec e p ta c u la in ra c h i v a ld e t u m e n t , c o n d e n s a n tu u r et in p lu r im o s a n n u lo s incrassatos s p ir a li te r ra c h in ambientes t c o n f l u u n t , in d e q u e p e n d e t f r u c tu u m situs s e m p e r c o n f e r tu s , o o c lo - fariarn im b ric a tu s nec n o n h o r u m c a d u e i ta s ! C eleru m v eg g ela - ti o n e d ensissim e caesp ito sa , culm o s u h n u d o , vagin is fibrilliloso- fissis, spicis s t r i c t is , fr u c tu p e d ic e lla to an g u sta to surirsum a tt e n u a t o acuto c o m p r e s s o evidenter m u ltin e rv i squamas sisupe- r a n l e , aliisque notis facillime d ignoscitur. V ulgo descr ifibitur spica m ascula s o lita ria , a p u d nos n o n m o d o m asculae p l u u r e s , sed fem ineae vulgo apice masculae.
Obs. In A m e ric a bore ali o c c u r r i t species a f f in is , C. a angu
sta ta Bott, vaginis fibrillosofissis, f r u c tu C. vesicariae. I Haec sit C. acuta A uctt. Ani. bor. O c c u r r i t ha e c spicis ra r ifld o ris, f r u c t ib u s tum in verticillo s e le g a n te r dispositis. JNos a lt e e r u m m e m b r u m in t e r m e d i u m , v e g e ta tio n e C. a c u ta e , fructu • v e r o C. strictae legimus.
i 5 o. C A R E X 8 p ro lixa , spicis masculis p l u r i t b u s , femineis subsessilibus b r a c te i s q ue foliaceis , basi a ur iculati s cul mu m s u p e r a n t i b u s , l a x i s , stiggma- tibus 2 , s qua mi s lanceolatis cuspidatis s u p e r r a n - tes f r u c t u m pedicellatum pe r s i s t e n t e m ovvato- lanceolatum acuminatum compressum conspicue 1 n er
vosum , o r e i n t e g r o , culmo foliato a c uta ngi ^ul o, vapinis scariosis integris.
G ram en cyperoides p a lu s tr e sp ica p e n d u la . IL o e se l P russ. p. 116. t. 3 o.
C. ac uta v. fluviatilis. A sp e g re n .!
C. stricta v. media. I.aestad. N ov. A d . ITJps.
XI. p. 2 86. su b C. strictae n o m in e ab A uctore ha ab eo , cum loco ” Q u ic k jo c k ” , sed 1. c. n u lla C. stricta a udesse d ic itu r in L a p p o n i a , ut c o m m u ta t io sp e c im in u m Id o rsan subsit.
— p ro ten sa , spicis s ub pe dunc ula tis gracillilirnis
longissimis, squamis f e re subulatis c um f r u u c t i -
bus q u a t e r n a t i m ve r ti c i l l at i s!
U t r a m q u e f o r m a m cum div. Arpegren a d fluvios Blekingiae p r o p e Carskrona legi.
Q u a m q u a m fructu s pro rsu s C. strictaej ita singulis c ete
r u m p a r t ib u s cum C. acuta c o n g ru it, ut si hujus v a rie ta te m d ix e r i s n e u ti q u a m o b s t e m ; in v ulg ari fructus re c e p ta c u la in r a c b i q u o q u e in o r d in a ta , nec in spiram contiguam c o n f l u u n t;
sed i n v a r . protensa eo ru m situs quaternato-verticillai is in signis est. Hoc vero loco in u lte riu s e x a m e n , ne c ut fidem i m p a r e t , c o n su ltiu s et candidius d u x i dis tingueie, 1} ne v a r i e tatu m m o r e p r a e t e r v i d e a tu r ; 2) cum formis in n u m e ris a m p h i - b o li s ad v a r i a s species re jectis ta n ta haru m confusio o r t a sit.
S q u a m a e n ig r a e 1. f e r r u g in e a e , n e rv o rn f o -p a lle s c e n te nec v i r i d i .
O bs. C. aperta Bott. quoad iconem (Hook. Bor. Amer, t. 2 1 9 ) sat s i m ilis, at fru ctu obtuso laevi facile d is tin g u itu r;
e pe-rigynii figura ad A rcticaru m serie m pertinet.
C A R E X g acuta. Linn. Suec. n. 8 5 7 a. — Spec, P l. p. i 5 8 8 . /5. ad lianc u b i q u e vulgatissimam, ad r i pas fluvii Upsaliensis solani sed maxime a b u n d a n t e m , sine du b io p e r t i n e t , at h a ud denegem r e li qu as , o b i t e r i n s p e c t a s , pro hac praetervisas. Herb. A7. f rl l l . n. 74.
— flu v ia tilis , o b e s i o r , strictior, spicis sessilibus e r e c t i s , s qu am i s fruct u brevior ibus. Hartm, Sca n d .j.
p . zip . H erb. N . I X . n. $o.
C. a c u t a ripensis. L a est.! /. c. p. 219. h u j us m a x i m e m a c r a f o r m a , f r u c t u in nostris spec, vacuo s.
s t e r i l i , u n d e forma compressa.
* C. personata, flavescens, culmo l ae v i , spicis longissimis gracilibus p e n du l i s, squamis fe rr u g in ei s f r u c t u m lo ng e super antibus. F r. Nov, Herb. N . P i l i , n . 75' Upsaliae lecta, ubi humilior, subcaespitosa.
M ire v a r i a t s t a tu r a , cu lm o stricto et laxo plus minua s c a b r o , spicis peduneubitis p r im o pendulis et sessilibus e r e c t i s , cy lindricis et c la v a ti s , m as cula solitaria 1. plu ribus, b racteis c u l m u m su p e r a n tib u s lax is et aequantibus strictis; squam is c u s p id a tis , acutis et ac uliusculis; fructibus plus m in u s acutis et in flatis, in sterilibus compressis, maturis rufescentibus, fu ll-
ginosis etc. D ig n o s c itu r vaginis scariosis, n e c in re tic u l ln m fib rilla s u m s e c e d e n t ib u s , culm o a c u ta n g u lo , foliis latis p l a m i s , bracteis magnis f o l ia c e i s , squam is ac utis fr u c tu a ngusliorilbus et v u lg o l o n g i o r i b u s , f r u c tib u s in o r d in a t is (neo sp ira e in ecra- satae ra c h e o s in s id e n tib u s) pedice llatis o v a lib u s acutis n o m 1.
obsolete n e r v o s is , fe r tilib u s tu r g e sc e n tib u s decolo rantibus. In sp ecim in ib u s a u s t r a li o r i b u s v. c. Scanic is f r u c tu s magis o w a f i e t a c u ti , cum in b o re a lib u s v. c. L a p p o n ic is ovalea o b tu s iu s c iu li, q uib us diffe re ntia in C. arcticas et temperatiores illu s tra ttu r .
— Var. p e rso n a ta , i n t e r v u lg a r e m o b v ia , prim o o b tu tu aeegre c um C. acuta c o m p a r e tu r (sec. Cel. H a rtm a n p r o C. m a x iim a s u m ta fuit) e t o m n i n o c o n stan s est; meo se nsu v e r o h i a u d s e p a r a n d a , c u m o m n e s glauca e liu jus gregis a lia m f o r r m a m lu te sc e n te m offerant.
i 5 i . C A R E X 10 trico sta ta , spicis di st an t ib u s, i m a - sculis 2 — 4 , femineis t ot ide m sessilibus erecctis (nec exst ant ibus) oblongis, bracteis foliaceis o b s o lete a u r i c u l a t i s , stigmatibus 2 , fru ctib u s stipiteatis ovat o-el li pt ici s compressis- octojariam imbriccatis costis tribus elevatis carinatis, m u c r o n e b re vi ir o - s t r a t i s , s q u a m a o bt us a l o n g i o r i b u s , cul mo a c i u t - a n g u l o , foliis angustis, vaginis scariosis integaris.
H . N . I X . in obs. et X .
C, obt usat a. Schnm. Saeli. p. 275. non Liljjebl.
C. strict a v. fluviatilis. Laest. in N o v. uAct.
Ups. X I . p. 286. e descr.
C. a c u ta v. viridis. H a rtm . Scand. j . p. :2ip.
at s q u a m a e longiores.
C. ca espi tosa /9. altissima. A sp . Blek. p. >667.
C. aquatilis var . Bot. O strog.
A d lacus et fluvios S mo l a n d ia e , O s t r o g o t h i i a e e t , e x syn. H a r t m . , ad M ol ne b o U p l a n d i a e , ’.
S t a t u r a , foliis an gustis et e x t e r n a facie C. ac/ualili jppro- x i m a , c e te ru m e f r u c t u s e q u e n t i; o m n i u m ve ro fa c illim a d i stin cta fru c tib u s eleganter tricostatis: ad C. trinervem Deglläand.
a c c e d e n s fere u t C. a c u la ad C. v u lg a r e m . G ra m e n g r a c c i l e , s t r ic t u m , s atu rate v i r e n s , tr ip e d a le et u l t r a , c u lm o a c u la n ignio s c a O r o , in f e r n e folia to. Folia lin e a r i a , p l a n a , su b c a r ir o a a ta ,
l a e v i u s c u l a , vaginis s c a r io so - la c e ris, nec flbrilloso-scissilihris.
B r a c te a e n o n v a g in a n t e s , b r e v i t e r a u ric u la ta e , i n f e rio r e s f o b a - ce ae c u lm u m s u p e r a n te s . Spicae o m n e s , etiam masculae, dissi
tae. S q u a m a e m as cularum l i n e a r e s , obtu s ae, f e r ru g in e o - fu s c a e ; f e m in e a r u m ob lo n g a e , o b tu s a e , f r u c tu breviores e t angustio res, n ig r a e , n e r v o pallid o ante ap icem evanescente. Dentes ra clieos sp iraliter d is p o s it i, sed non in s p ira m contiguam c o n flu e n te s , u n d e f r u c tu s r e g u l a rite r vulgo oclo fariam imbricati, ad p r e s s i, sed p e rs iste n te s s tip i le l la ti, o v a to - e llip tic i , c om planati, ro stro
b r e v i s s i m o ore in te g r o ap ic u la li, ju n io r e s virides u lr in q u e tr i- n e r v e s , a d u l t i saepe ru fescen tes e xtusque tricostati. Stylus e x s e r t u s , sed facile deciduus .
S p e c im in a p la n t a e S c b u m a c h e ria n a e non v id i ; sed desc rip
tio o p t i m e c o n v e n i t ; costas fr u c tu s v e ro silet. Species vid e
t u r sat f r e q u e n s , hacte nus vero p r a e t e r v i s a , i n t e r nobilissimas h u j u s sectionis.
102, C A R E X i i vulgarii , spicis masculis i — 5 , f e m i n e i s pl uri bus appr oximatis ( apic e saepe m a s c u l i s , infima s ae pe r e mo te pedunoulat a), b r a c t e i s foliaceis auricul is minimis, stigmatibus 2 , f r uc t i b us subsessilibus adpressis per sistenti b u s subr ot undo- e ll ipt ici s multinervibus u t r i n q u e o b t u s i s , r o st ro brevi integerrimo m u cr o n a t i s , e x t u s c o n ve x is , intus pl ani s, squamas obtusas s u p e r a n t i b u s , culmo acutangulo s t r i ct o, foliis c o n c a v o - p l a n i s , vaginis integris.
G r a m e n C y p e r o i d e s vulgatissimum. R a ji iiist.
p- i 2 q 3 . n. 3. cum descr. compl.
Scheuch.
Agrostr. p.a 6 o c u m deser. locupl.
C a r e x vulgarii nigra. Liim . Lapp. n. yyc.
C. acuta. (3. Linn. Suec. n. SS7>! u. Spec. p. ijgg*
m anife stis sim e! et omn. co aetan . tam S u e c .R e tz ./ L d je - blad ! (” non c o m m u t a n d a cum C. caespstosa, cui sim i
lis”) , q u a m exterorum v. c. Leers Herb. t. 16. f . i. *
— etiam G oodenough, q u are C. acutam ”iriuuciah-m , t r i p e d a l e m ” v a r ia r e dicit. Smith. Brit. p. io o o hame e t caespitosa m c o n fu n d it.
C. ambigua. Mouch. omnino.
C a r e x caespitosa. R ecent., a t b e n e observaante
G a y , pess im e! Schum . Saell. p . 2 6 g .C. caespitosa p. p o l y m o r p h a . L a e s t.! in N .
A c t. Ups. X I . p. 282.C. vulgaris. Fries Ind. E xcu rs. — Herb. Nm rm . V I I f . n. 76. Bot. Not. i 8 4 2 . n. 2.
Infin ita c e te ru in s y n o n y m a ad h u j u s fo r m a s pertim en t.
* tornata, densissime ca espi tosa , cr assa, r i g i d a , foliis latis p l a n i s , spicis spissis.
* juncea , e l o n g a l a , gracilis, foliis convoliutis filifot m i - c a p i l l a r i b u s longissimis s tr i ct is , sp>icis subdistantibus.
P e r o m n e m S c a n d i n av i a m; o mn i u m Ca r i m u m in o r b e ”vulgatissima.” F . tornata in glareosis flu
v i o r u m , v. c. ad Q u a r n b o p r o p e Upsali am. * J fu n - cea, iri paludosis Sphagnosi s in provi nciis rmon- tosis silvaticis.
F o r m a e e t v a rie ta te s h u ju s speciei tam in f in i ta e , u t t de eis dem lib e llu m facile scribere s. V egetatio vel d e n s e cae esp i- to s a , p r a e c ip u e in bore alib us te r r is so love d u r i o r i {v. caesjpiti- tia Laest. 1. c. ” in om n ib u s paludibus L apponiae caespites p e dales” ), v el solo la x io ri e x im ie s l o lo n i f e r a : C. stolonifcra H to pp.
C. Goodenougliii. G a y . , syn. Gooden, anceps. H erbae co lo r caeesio- g l a u c n s , sed in m ar itim is h a b e t f o r m a m de finitam lutes6cen- iem (Laest. 1. c . ) , quae quoque m o llio r, sed a vera C. caeespi- tosa jam eo d if ie r t, q u o d s e m p e r solitaria. F o lia r a r i u s e x p l a n a n t u r , vulg o m argin es i n c u r v a n t u r , ut folia d o rs o c o n v e e x a , pag in a s u p e r io r i c o n c a v a , h in c in fo rm is longi- e t an guusti- fo liis. u t a n a lo g a e C. subspathaceac, p r o r s u s c o n v o l u t r a et filiformia. In hoc n is u i n d i c a tu r a lie n a in d o les tain aa C.
a c u ta , quam a C. caespitosa. Haec e t c u lin u s s e m p e r s lr r i c ta 1. e x c u r v a l a s u n t , cu m C. cacspitosae sernper flaccidissiim a.
Folia in f e r io r e m c u lm o va gin antia s e m p e r p l u r a , c u l m u m su
p e r a n t , a e q u a n t vel b r e v io r a . Bra cte ae c o n s t a n te r f o lia c e e a e , sed cu lm o vulgo b r e v i o r e s et s e m p e r strictae. Spicae f e m in te a e , a m as cu la m asculisve p a r u m r e m o t a e , i n t e r se a p p r o x i m a a t a e et subsessiles, infima v e r o saepe p e d u n c u l a t a , r e m o t a 1. r r a d i - calis o m n i n o , in p e d u n c u l o gra cillim o la x o p e n d u la . S p i c a i r u m f o r m a v ariat a glo bosa in c l a v a t o - e l o n g a t a m , apice saepe 1 m a sc u la e ; h u ju s q u e h a b e m u s fo r m am in C. am biguam Möåncli
1
55
e x a c tissim e c a d e n te m . S q u a m a e oblo ngae, obtusae, capsuda a n ° u s t i o r e s e t b r e v io r e s , v a r i a n t , licet r a r i u s , lanceolataie; v u l go a tr a e n e r v o v ir i d i , in te rd u m to lae ate rrim ae, f e r r u g in e o - r u f a e e. s. p. F ru c tu s m e d iu m te n e n t lorum inter hanc e t a r c l ic a r u m s e r i e m , u tii u s q u e inhabitat quoque r e g io n e m , u t p r a e c e d e n t e s n o n r u f e s c e n t i - d e c o l o r a n te s , vulgo v i r i d e s ; v a r i a n t t a m e n eburneae (v. le u c o c a rp a Herb. N. I X ) , /u lig in o sa e , (Foglesa ng ad L u n d ) , atropurpureae ( = C. obesa Schleich.) et una" cu m sq u a m is a te r r i m a e ( = C. concolor fro w n .) U11 i us
que h a r u m s p e c i m in a le g u n tu r in alpibus et concolor in l i y p e r - b o r e i s c o m m u n i s fo rma. Plnres in s u p e r exstant m o n s lro s ila - t e s , q u ales C. polyandra S c h k u lir etc. Infinito nexu h a r u m d i f f e r e n t i a r u m n a s c u n t u r infinitae varietates, hinc potius col
le c t i v e q u a m sigillalim tr a c ta n d a e .
S p e c ie s h a e c o m n iu m ”vulgatissim a”, bene o b s e r v a n te R a j o , a n tiq u issim is temporibus clara et notissim a; q u aeren tes p e r e g r i n a s e t ab n o rm e s form as ty p i c a e et ubiquitariae v e r a c o g n i t i o a p u d R e c e n tio re s p e r i it e t cum C. caespitosa L. co n fusa est! V e te r e s omnes m a jo r e m n e x u m cum C. acuta p e r s p e x e r u n t , q u a m hinc d u p lic e m s t a tu e r u n t , majorem et m ino
rem . C fr. J. B auli, hist. I I . p. 4 g 4 . Primus clare d is ti n x it R a iu s ('H is t. I. c .) ; differentiam confirmavit Scheuchzerus fA g r . p. 4 6 o , 462). Lin naeus ite r u m cum C. acuta conjunge
b a t ; c o a e ta n e i tu m Sueci quarn e x te r i v. c. le e rs hunc secuti s u n t ; e t i a m G o o d e n o u g h e a n d e m C acutae adnumerat, ut e citatis v e r b i s p a te t . In B ritannia a d s u n t et C. vulgaris et C. cat—
sp ito sa (h a n c g en u in am m isit G r e v i/le /j; Sm ithius u tr a m q u e p r i m o c o n f u d i t Rajique s y n o n y m a minus fauste in le rp re ta v if . R a ju S j in c u ju s synopsi multa post Smithinm invenient Bri
t a n n i , p r a e t e r C. vulgarem etiam C. caespitosam L. d is tin g u it;
G r a m e n C y p e r o id e s n. 1. R a ji syn. p. 4 17» observante ja m S c l i e u c h z e r o , est m a n i f e s t e (J. paludosa (Smithio v e to C.
m a x i m a ) ; G ram , c y p e ro id e s m in u s , n. 2. I. c. p. 4 i 8 \ C.
a c u t a e sn b s p eciei illgtar su b ju n c tu m ) e§t
C.
VlllgGTiS (Sfflilljio v e r o C. p a lu d o sa ) > u t e Raji Hist, luculenter patet. Ad lianc s. v u l g a r e m , S m ith iu s d u c e b a t Gr. caryophylleum, angustissim is f o l i i s spiculis sessilibus erectis non compactis; haec e s t v e r a C. caespitosa L . , e x hac o rta videtur C. angusti fo lia Sm.
E n g l . FI., quae vei'O a b Hookero etc. in ter syhonyma C- cac- spito sa e rejicitu r. E x his p alet Anglorum C- caespitosam eoque c o lle c ti v a m esse a c S u e c o ru m Rec. etc. Facta hac c o m m u ta ti o n e C. vulgaris (*• acutae var. L.) cum C. caespitosa L . ,
h aec se n s im , ut n o v a species e m e r s it : C. lemti& Scliiim ! C.
a n gustifolia S m ? , C-paci fica D r e y e r , (7. D reyeri Lang. O m nes praei erv i d e r u n t S ch u m a ch eru m , qui ne q u id em unico loco citatus ad hoc genus m F lora H a fn ie n s i, licet quinque bonas novas Carices p r im u s offera t v ariasq u e species in illa omissas.
— Cei. L a esta d iu s m ultis a bhinc annis d u plicem dis tin x it C.
caespilosam ; «. g enuinam n e m p e et P,. polym orpham — i. e.
C. vulgarem j su b quo L innaeano nom ine sub excursionibus a me d is trib u ta diu ja m o m n ib u s no stris nota. — I n t e r v a ri a illius n o m i n a , o m n ia s i n g u la r i b u s fo r m is im p o s i ta , ta n t u m C. f o l i o sae All. (hujus loci e x K u ntli) servari p o ss et; a t nim is p ro fecto d u b i u m , n u ll o d e scrip tionis v e r b o f i x u m , e Scheuchzeri s y n o n y m o unice p e n d e t ; h o c v e r o in d ic a t speciem trisiig m a ti- c a mj colore l a e t e v ir id i e. s. p.
Affinitas C. vulgaris m a x i m a h in c cu m C. s a x a tili et C.
subspathacea j illinc cu tn C. tricostata et acuta , ab o m n i b u s v e r o f r u c tu m u l li u e r v i etc. dis tincta. Antiquitu s e t dein sae
pius e n u n tia ta s e n t e n t i a , C. acutam nil nisi fo r m a m C. v u l
garis paludosam, to tid e m re f u ta t a . M inore m vim tr ib u o c h a ra c te ri b u s u tiq u e c o n s t a n ti b u s , q u a m e a ru m in n a t u r a v iv a d iversis vegeta tionis r a t i o n i b u s ; in eodem exacte, solo et loco, ju x t a se in vicem n a s c e n te s , distinctae om nino m a n e n t ; C. v u l
garis elongatae et e latio ris folia non explanata sed an g u stata e v a d u n t , c o n v o lu t a e t te n u is s i m e filifo rrnia, e. s. p.
i 5 5 . C A R I d X 12 cnespitosa, spica mascula s o l i t a r i a !, femineis 2— 5 a p p r o x i m a t i s sessilibus, b ra ct ei s a u r i c u l a t o - a r i s t a t i s t r u n c a t is v e , st igr nat ibus 2 , fructibus sesiilibur sparsis deciduis ovatis enervi- bus ntriuque gib b is, o re i nt egro b r e vis si me r o s t r at is , s q u a m a s lanceolat as a e q u a n t i b u s , culmo acutangulo undo foliis que, bicarinatis m a r g i n e deflexis, flaccidis.
C. caespitosa. Linn. Suec. n. SSS sP e c * n o v a , e um o p t i m a descr. IVahl. U ps. et Suec.
v. 10$9.! ( L a p p . est C. vulgaris). Sv. B ot. t. 222.!
-— Herb. N orm . V I I I . «. 72.
C. eaesp. a. g en ui na . Laestad. I. c.
C. tenuis. Schum. Saell. p. 26$.
?
C .angustifolia Sm. E . El. I V .
1 3 7
C. pacifica. D rey. Hafn. p. 292.
C. D r e y e r i . L ang in Fl. Ratisb. 1S42. p. $4$.
( D r e y e r ipse in Car. Bor. p. b b j pro v e r a C. cacspi- tosa L. a g n o v it- et anim um meum movet ub iq u e v i d e r e a n t i q u i t u s notissimas species in honorem ? 1. c o n t u m e l i a m ? r e c e n t i o r u m , qui co mm utarunt, d e n o m in a ta s .
P e r o m n em Scandinaviam a L a p p o n i a infi
m a , u b i t a m en rarissima, ad Scani am v. c.
F o g i e s å n g , frequens. In Suecia m ed i a p r a t o r u m ul i gi no s or um gramen omnium longe copio
sissim u m , ” cespitum instar turfas gr a te virides maxi m o sq u e constituit.” Floret i n e u n t e M a j o , m e n s e m ant e C. vulgarem i mmi xt am; p r i m a spica f l o r e n t e C. vulgaris haec ubique fruct ifera.
It a v a r i a b i l is est p r a e c e d e n s , adeo constautissima e t r a o n o - ty p i i c a p r a e s e n s ! JXon m o d o absolute caespitosa uec s t o lo n ife ra u m q q u a m , sed in n o v a t io n e centrali in altum cre scens t u m u l o s p u l w i n a t o s f o r m a t , m a x im e p r a e c o x , primo laete v ir id i s , e r e c ta d e im l u t e s c e n t i - v i r i d i s ; florens c u r t a , erecta, adulta e lo n g a ta , llacccida; foliis fa s c ic u lo ru m sterilium undique d e m u m d ecum - b e n llib u s p u l v i n a ta . Culmi graciles, aequales, acu te t r i q u e t r i , a n o u ilis s c a b r is , ap h ylli/ basi modo '2— 3 vaginis truncatis v e s t t i ti , foliolis brevissim is terminalis, quo a p r a e c e d e n te sem p e r dignoscitur. Folia fasciculorum sterilium v e r o lo ng issim a, a n g i u s t a , m o l l i a , l a e v i a , mar gine scabrella; adulta supra bi- c a n a a lic u la ta , m a r g in e s v e r o deflexi nec umquam folia in v o l- v u n t t u r , q u i n is u s in C. vulgari angustifolia s e m p e r c o n s p i - cuuss. V a g in a e in f e rio r e s te n d u n t quidem ad fibrillosam in d o le m C. stricta ej v e r u m hic character adeo o b s c u r u s , u t in d e f n n iti o n e v ix c ite tu r . Bracteae non vaginanles, e x im ie a n r i - CLtlaitae, infim a v e r o ta n t u m folio setaceo tf jrp iu a liu -: lejitjpgg a p lp y l l a e p r o r s u s , n e r v o vel excurrente 1. ante ap ic e m e v u n e - s c e n ite . S p ic a e o m n e s c o n f e r ta e , unicolores (nec lit in C. v u l
g a rii vulgo v a r i e g a ta e ) ; mascula fusiforrnis, a n th e r is flavis, deflooratis f u l v i s ; fe m in e a e sessiles, subcylindricae — ob fo lio - r u n n d e f e c tu m m im q u a m spicam rernotam eniti potest. S q tia - m a e i l a n c e o l a ta e , c a r i n a t a e , femineae totae atrae. S ti g m a t a longgissima. t r u c i u s multi abortivi et facile d e c i d u i , i n o r d i n a t i , , gibbi, h in c non ut in praecedentibus ad p res si, 1 t r i n q u c subaaculi, e n e r v e s .
Haec s p e c ie s a C. v u lg a ri adeo d iv e r s is s im a , u t con
ju n ctis etiam o m n ib u s p r a e c e d e n t ib u s haec distingui debet.
]Non m o d o c h a r a c t e r i b u s , sed tota v e g e ta tio n is in d o le a p r a e ce d e n tib u s a lie n a . Hinc L in n a e u s hanc solam q u o q u e distin
guebat. JNovum flagrans e x e m p l u m oflert p la n ta e L in n a e a n a e re c e n t io r i a e v o p r o r s u s c o m m u t a t a e e t neg lectae. L in n a e o h an c p ro n o va specie, sine ullo certo sy n o n ym o , p r o p o n e n t i vix in m e n te m v e n ir e p o tu it h an c q u o n d a m cuin C. a cuta /3. FI.
Sii£C., c u iq u e B ota nico t u m t e m p o r i s ex a d d itis notissim is sy n o n y m is cognita , fore c o m m u ta t a m . P r a e te r Cyperoicles n. 6.
Haji syn. p. 4 i 8 n ullum a d h u c novi h uju s s y n o n y m o n a n l e - L in n a e a n u in . Asseclae L in n a e i o m n es , etiam e x te r i v. c.
Leers e tc ., C. vu lg a ris d ifferentiam p ro b e c o g n o v e ru n t. P o st
quam v e r o p r o p t e r divi S rn ith ii a u c to r ita te m C. caespitosa L.
in C. v u lg a r i q u a e ri c o e p i t , illius cognitio p e r i it v e l p r o n o v a specie h in c in d e e m e r g e b a t, u t s y n o n y m ia in d ic a t. — P r i m u s e x te r o r u m Cei. Cray p e r s p e x i t C. caespitosam L. in C. v u lg a ri n e u ti q u a m esse q u a e r e n d a m -, n a m C. vulgaris v. caespititia ei haud cognita erat. E x s ta t ta m e n varieta s C. v u lg a ris m a x i me c a e s p ito s a , et a C. stricta G ood, et C. caespitosa L. a e q u e distinctissima. Fingit h in c acutiss. Vir C. strictam G o o d , v e ra m esse C. caespitosam L., a qu a v ero L in n a e a n a lo n g iu s distat q u a m C. vulgaris a C. acula. Q u a n d a m v e r o i n t e r has in t e r c e d e r e affin itatem h a u d d if fitendum est. E C. caespitosa v e r a et C. v u lg a ri lutescence, cui figura d a ta , c o m p o s it a C.
caespitosa Good.
S A L I X .
Fuit t e m p u s , q u o Salices e f o lio ru m m utab ili f o r m a et p a r tiu m in d u m e n t o in infinitas vagas species d i s t i n g u e b a n t u r , sed p o s tq u a m Cel. W ahlenberg aliique has ad definitas sp ecies r e d u x e r a n t , la tiu s in d ie s s e r p it o p in i o , in o p p o s i tu m la t u s ab erraris , Sa lices in in f in itu m esse re d u c e n d a s e a s q u e , q u a e alia r a t i o n e n o n d e le r e lic e t, p r o h y b r id is esse d e c l a r a n d a s , v. c. S . rubra. R a r o licet scientiam in m edio e t v e r o c o n sistere; v u lg o ad e x t r e m a t e n d i t o m n iu m t e m p o r u m g e n i u s . Quales h u ju s generis species feliciter stabilivit K o c h iu s, v e l l e m equid em u t p r o te m p o r e saltim p e r s is t e r e n t , d o n e c ii s a l t i m , cjui has i t e r u m c o n f u n d e r e s t u d e n t , rite c o gnovis sent. Hoc non fit sp e c im in ib u s q u ib u s d a m siccis v el c h a r a c t e r i b u s c o m para tis — vel se ligendo a b e r r a n te s lusus v. c. a n g u stifo lio s S. repentis eosque p r o fo r m is tran sito riis ad S. a ngusti f o t i ani (utique 6'. incubaceam Linn. S p ec, nec Suec., ut disertis L i n n a e i
v e r b i s in Bot. Not. i 8 4 a. n. 2. dem onstravi) et S. irosm arini- f o h a m L. d ecla ran d o . Characteres non sp ecieru m sunt c r i
te r ia , sed ad species dignoscendas adminicuila; ex: his m o d o sp e c ie s a g n o s c u n t u r , ex vegetationis indole cognoscu'nltur. S a lix , incubacea et rosm arinifolia in genuina sua P a tr ia o b s s e rv a n d a é ; c u m in ha c v. c. S . repens et S . incubacea a d osttium fluvii K ö p in g e n s is S c a n ia e , mille millibus u tr iu s q u e indiwiduis m i x t i s , u b i q u e clare diffe ru nt nec umquam sibi ap p ro jp in q u a n tu r ( i b i d e m sistit S. a n g ustifolia fruticem d um osum erectiurn, tru n c o e m e r s o foliis pra elongis angustis et revolutis; S. repens au te m l i u m i f u s u m , tr u n c o s u b t e r r a n e o , foliis latis planis) observatae s i n t , p a r u m c u r a n d a v id e n tu r hujus i n d i v i d u a sulb oppositis r a t io n i b u s e r e c t a 1. angustifolia.
Q u a m q u a m S a lic u m plurim ae species v a ld e ssint m u lti
f o r m e s et p o lytyp ica e, u t Carex vulgaris, o c c u r r u n t aliae h a u d p a u c a e m onotypicae, u t C. caespitosa. V e te r u m e n a t e r r o r e x m o n o t y p i c i s ad co n s ta n tia m formaru m p o ly ty p ic a r u im c o n c l u d e r e ; r e c e n t io r u m n o n n u ll o r u m harum p o ly m o rp h iaim ad sin
gulas v e lle e x t e n d e r e i n d e q u e omnes m onotypic as d(elere. Hae v e r o i n s p e c ie ru m lim i ta tio n e primo se g r e g a n d a e ; ciirca sin g u la m p o ly t y p ic a m 1. c e n tr a le m speciem p lu r e s vulgo m o n o ty p i- c a e , v e l u t l u n a e circa suam p la n e ta m , r o t a n t ; ab hac ve ro s e m p e r d is ta n t. H as, regioni et solo m agis definiitis semper a d sc rip la s in d e q u e m in u s varias, secundarias facile dicas, sed e x i n d e 11011 deleas. Sic circa S. repentem L. rotamt S. M v r - tillo id es , q u a m aeq u o ju r e reduceres ac r e l iq u a s ! , S. v ersi- f o l i a s. fusca p r i m . L . , S. plicata, S. incubacea L. e t S.
ro sm a rin i f o l i a , at m e o sensu inepte cum S. repente conjunge
r e n t u r , licet v. c. S. repens ollerat individua nulla n o ta a S . M y r tillo id i d i s t i n g u e n d a , a t oculus p e ritu s primio o b t u t u d is tin g u a t. H in c L in n a e u s in speciebus discernendis^ non c h a r a c t e r e s , sed o c u lo r u m judiciique aciem la u d a t .
I n n u m e r a s p o rr o vidi Salices hybridas d iefas,
vei’0
certa experientia h y b r i d a sit com probata, «equideirn nescio.N o n n u l l a e h a r u m s u n t genuinae species, suis iociss et vulgo e x t i a p e r h i b i t o r u m p a r e n t u m fines copiosissime lu ix u r ia n te s v. c.
s .
ve rsi f o l i a ,S.
rubra (Cfr. Wahl. C arp , n, 1012, in ista r egio ne nu lla adest S. purpurea, sed S . rubira ”ceteris o m n i b u s longe f r e q u e n tio r ” et innumera ejusmodi ex e m p la o m n i u m aflerre licet) , S. finm a rkica W illd . prim, et Fries (s p e c im in a H orti B ero l. nunc saltim tem poris falsa suint et a dS.
rep en tem , in arcticis neutiquam obviam !, « p ecta m t); m ih iS . fin m a rk i ca m p ro h y b r id a a S. M yrtilloide et iS\ a m i la oliin s u m e n ti r e s c r i p s it arnic. L a e s ta d iu s , h y b r i d a r u m c e te r u m minime in im icu s ”minime, h ybrida e st, q u ia a p u d nos e x tr a istorum p a r e n t u m r e g io n e m ta n t u m o c c u r r i t } milii S . ,a u rita e frigidissi
ma, fo r m a ”)
S.
a n g u s tfo lia (e S. vim inali et r e p e n t e h y b rid a a p p a f e n s ; o b s e r v a n d u m v e r o S. a n g u stifo lia m a d aborigines te llu r is S u e c a n a e p e r l i n e r e , S. vim in a lem p r a e c e d e n t e seculo p rim o esse i n t r o d u c t a m ! ) e. s. p. S p o r a d ic u s p r o v e n t u s specie- ru in p lu r im is est p r a e c i p u u m a r g u m e n tu m h y b r i d it a ti s , h a u d o b s e r v a n tib u s h u n c o m n i u m 'esse localem e t (neg lecta n o s t r a t h e o r ia de p l a n t a r u m p a tr ia n o v a ) i n t e r Salices, u t p apposas in g e n e r e , e x sem inibus e x t r a n a tu r a l e m z o n a m u n d iq u e v o la n tib u s alia r a t io n e facill im um esse exp licatu . Sic in n u m e ra n o v im u s e x e m p l a S a lic u m u n ic o in d i v i d u o , locis p e re g r in is , o b v ia r u m v. c. S. nigricantis i , S. depressa 2 - 3 in agro F e m - sio n e n s i, a t n o n inde h y b rid a s dicas.Magis v e r o pe rn ic io sa m c e n s e m u s nimis c re d u l a m d e t e r m in a tio n e m v a r i e t a t u m et l e v i u m f o r m a r u m p r o h y b r i d is , qua la x a speciei idea c e la tu r in d e q u e saepe ig n o r a n tia e refugium . Specie bus v e r o a c u te exceptis facile videb is e ju s m o d i a b e r r a tiones ad singulae speciei n o r m a le m v a rie ta tis a m b itu m p e r t i n ere. T a le s s u n t h y b r i d it a te s e x p a r t i u m , p r a e c ip u e capsula
r u m , in d u m e n t o pendente s. Sic i n t e r Salices A m e rin a s S . cu
sp id a ta m pro h y b ri d a a S. p e n ta n d a et fragili, S. R usselia- na.ni p ro h y b rid a a S. fragili e t alb a , S. u n d u la ta m p ro h y b rid a a S. a m y g d a l in a et liippophaefolia decla ratas vidimus}
his u tiq u e a d d i d e b e r e n t S . alba Srn. s. latifolia a S. su b - c o e ru le a et fragili, S, a m y g d a lin a v. a n g u s ta ta F r. N ov. M ant. i . magis d iv e r s a q u a m S . liippophaefolia a S. u n d u l a t a , a S.
a m y g d a lin a e t h ip n o p h n e f o lia e. s. p. At sine o m n i li y b r i d i- tale lacilius i n t e r p r e ta n t u r ag n o scen d o singulae h a r u m speciei d u p licem definitam f o r m a m , a lteram la tifo lia m p r o f u n d i u s , a lte r a m a n g u stifo lia m levius s e r r a ta m , quo om nis illa h y p o th etica e t sa e p e d u p li c a to - in l r ic a t a h y b rid ita s e v it a tu r . In a l t e r a re g io n e h a e c , in a l t e r a illa re g n a t f o r m a , p r o r s u s q u e analoga s off erunt S. p u rp u re a , D a p h n o id es} la n a ta j etc. l u te r C apraeas in s u p e r singulae speciei h abem us fo r m a m nucro- phyllam j d e fin ita m ( t y p o S. a m b ig u a : S. c in e r e o - r e p e n s W im m .! ~ S. c in e r e a v. v ir g a ta FI. Hali.) etiam S. nigrican
tis j S. phylicaefoliae S. hastatae etc.} hae o ff e ru n t s. d. h y - bridii ate s a repente cum v ic i n is , licet supra ter m in u m b o r e a - le m S. repentis op tim e vigeni! S . herbacea v. fr u tic o s a j &b
