American
Society of Sugar
Beet
Technologists
18th GENERAL MEETING PROGRAM
Sheraton-Harbor Island Hotel
FEBRUARY 24 - 28
SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA
OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES
President ... R.T. Johnson Vice President ... Hugh G. Rounds Secretary-Treasurer ... James H. Fischer Immediate Past President ... Lloyd W. Norman
Board of Directors:
Pacific Coast Region ... E.M. Hartmann Intermountain Region ... Julian R. Johnson Eastern Rocky Mountain Region ... Clair H. Iverson North Central and Great Lakes Region ... Jerrold L. Brown Canada ... Peter Bergen Processing at Large ... John R. Corsberg Agricultural at Large ... D.L. Oldemeyer
Program Chairmen:
General Program Chairman ... D.D. Dickenson Agricultural Program Chairman ... M. Keith Ellis Operations Program Chairman ... J.R. Corsberg Agronomy, Section A ... Elmer A. Bonetti Genetics and Variety Improvement, Section B .... Gerald E. Coe Entomology and Plant Pathology, Section C ... Birely J. Landis Chemistry, Section E ... Stanley E. Bichsel Physiology, Section F ... Roger Wyse Factory Operation, Section G ... Ste.phen Force Air and Water Quality'; Section H ... Donald L. Stewart
SYNOPSIS OF THE PROGRAM Sunday, February 24
Noon-6:00 p.m. Registration, Convention Lobby, Sheraton-Harbor Island Hotel, 1380 Harbor Island Drive (Registration and information \\'ill continue here for the entire meeting) 6:00-8:00 p.m. ;,,;o host President's reception, Cuyamaca/
Laguna Rooms
Monday, February 25 8:30 a.m.
1:30 p.m.
Section A - Laguna Room Section B - :'llission Courts South Section E - Cuyamaca Room Section G - Palomar Room Section A - Laguna Room Section C - Cuyamaca Room Section G - Palomar Room Tuesday, February 26
9:00 a.m.
1:30 p.m.
All Sections - General Session and Business Meeting - Ballroom
Section A - Laguna Room Section E - Cuyamaca Room Section H - Palomar Room Section B - Mission Courts South
Wednesday, February 27 8:30 a.m.
1:30 p.m.
7:00 p.m.
Section A - Laguan Room Section C - Cuyamaca Room Section G - Palomar Room Section A - Laguna Room Section C - Cuyamaca Room Section G - Palomar Room
Banquet - Ballroom
Thursday, February 28
8:30 a.m. Section F - Laguna Room Section E - Cuyamaca Room Section H - Paloma,-Room
18th GENERAL MEETING
PROGRAM
MONDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 25 Section A, Agronomy
A Symposium on Deep Soil Testing of N for Better Beets LAGUNA ROOM
Session Leader: Louis Daigger 8:30 Announcements.
8:40 A9 Soil and plant analysis as guides to nitrogen fertilization in California, a progress report. F.J. Hills and Albert Ulrich.
9:00 A5 Measu1·ement of residual soil nitrate and mineral-izable nitrogen to determine nitrogen fertilizer needs of sugarbeets. J.N. Carter, D.T. Westermann, M.E. Jensen and S.M. Bosma.
9: 15 A6 Prediction of nitrogen fertility status of sugarbects by nitrate soil tests. J.O. Reuss, A.E. Ludwick and J.F. Giles.
9:45 A3 Effects of nitrogen fertilization practices on yield and quality of sugarbeets. Frank N. Anderson and Gary A. Peterson. 9:55 10:05 10:25 10:45 11:00 11:15 11:35 11:50
A2 Profitable sugarbeet production conservation of phosphorus fertilizer A. Peterson and Frank N. Anderson. Recess.
111 relation to resources. Gary
All Nitrogen use by sugarbeets on the Texas High Plains. Steven Winter.
A33 Use of a nitrate nitrogen soil test in sugarbeet production in the Red River Valley. R.A. Torkelson and A.G. Dexter.
A36 Effect of applied and residual nitrogen on sugar-beet yield and quality. D.R. Christenson and C.E. Bricker. Al4 Utilizing moisture and fertility testing procedures in obtaining high production of quality sugar. Robert Roylance.
A30-l Using soil tests to improve beet quality. R.F. Ginn, D.D. Dickenson and D.D. Anderson.
Discussion.
-MONDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 25 9:00 9:10 9:25 9:35 9:50 10:00 10:10 10:45 10:30 11:05 11:20 Section B, Genetics
Interspecific Breeding and Quality Breeding for Better Beets
MISSIQN COURTS SOUTH Session Leader: Devon Doney Announcements.
BIO Beta vulgaris-procumbens trisomics and trans-mission of nematode resistance to sugarbeet. Helen Savitsky. B2 Techniques and results of using radiation on 19 chromosome nematode ( H eterodera schachtii) resistant backcross plants from Beta procwnbens x B. vulgaris hybrids. J.C. Read.
B9 Transmission of curly top resistance in vulgares-corollinae hybrids. Helen Savitsky and J. S. McFarlane. Bl Naturally occurring hybrids between Beta vulgaris and Beta macrocarpa in the Imperial Valley of California. J .S. McFarlane.
Bl3 UtiliLation of wild beet species for sugarbeet improvement. George H. Coons.
Recess.
B4 Comparison of sugarbeet quality indices in different extracts, varieties, and nitrogen levels. R.J. Hecker, G.W. Maag and G.A. Smith.
B5 The association of nonsucrose constituents and purity in sugarbeet. G.A. Smith, G.W. Maag and R.J. Hecker.
Bl2 Comparison of sugarbeet varieties for percent sucrose as measured by gas chromatography and polari-meter methods of sucrose analysis. A. Kent Nielson and Jan Karr.
Discussion.
MONDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 25 Section E, Chemistry
Instrumentation and Sucrose Determination CUY AMACA ROOM
Session Leader: Fred Eis 9:00 Announcements.
9:10 E7 New tare laboratory instrumentation 111 the Red RiYer Valley. John Hobbis.
-9:20 9:40 10:00 10:15 10:35 10:55 11:15 11:30 11:50
El5 An evaluation of the Mettler Paar Precision Den-sity Meter for use in the sugar industry. David Duncan and Linda L. Wheelock.
E20 A computer controlled purity analyzer used 111 process control. Gary G. Olson and James A. Leiker. El Liquid chromatography of sugars. J.C. Linden. Recess.
El2 Enzymatic method for the specific analyses of sucrose in sugarbeets, I. Dennis Costesso and Karlheinz W.R. Schoenrock.
El3 Enzymatic method for the specific analyses of sucrose in sugarbeets, I I. Dennis Costesso and Karlheinz W.R. Schoenrock.
El8 Comparison of GLC and pol sucrose determinations made on sugarbeet extracts prepared by several methods. G.W. Maag and R.J. Hecker.
G35 Engineering analysis of ion exclusion for the separa-tion of fructose from glucose. T.R. Dillman, D.E. Moyer and B.D. Burris.
Discussion.
MONDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 25
8:30 8:40 9:15 10:00 10:20 10:30 10:50 11:10 11:30 11:55
Section G, Factory Operations
Extraction, Thick Juice Storage and Pulp Operations PALOMAR ROOM
Session Leader: George Hobbs Announcements.
G7 The recovery of sugar from beet molasses by the P. & L. exclusion process. H.G. Schneider and
J.
Mikule. Gll Argicultural and processing problems caused by freeze/thawed beets. Sherman D. Fox, Robert E. Gramera and L.W. Feland.Recess.
G28 Measurement of bulk sugar density by gamma probe. W.E. Schunter and Gary Olson.
G22 Recent advances in ion exchange techniques and apparatus design. Karlheinz W.R. Schoenrock.
G32 A preliminary laboratory investigation of condi-tions affecting thick juice stoi-age. M. Martin Moore. G9 Heat utilization in a beet pulp dryer with lignite as a fuel with recycling of stack gases. A.M. Cooley, I.V. Fordyce and Harold Schideler.
G-38 Efficient pulp presses-Storcl twin screw presses at present and future development. Per Mathismoen. Discussion.
-MONDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY 25 Section A, Agronomy
A Symposium on Nitrogen and Water Control for Better Beets
LAGUNA ROOM Session Leader: John Reuss 1:30 Announcements.
1:40 Al3 Ramification of nitrogen use, testing and applica-tion of data as applied to sugarbeet culture, delivery and processing. M.G. Frakes.
2:00 A38 Extension programs help farmers adopt research findings on their farms. L.A. Daigger, F.N. Anderson and G.A. Peterson.
2:15 A30-2 Using the brei nitrate-nitrogen test with sugar and yield data to improve beet quality. D.D. Dickenson and P.M. Rosenow.
2:30 A30-3 Using petiole analysis to improve beet quality. Roger W. Hill, Don Dickenson and Ronnie C. Sanders. 2:45 AIO Leaf and brei nitrogen and percent sucrose.
Albert Ulrich and F.J. Hills. 3:05 Recess.
3:25 AS The affect of ammonic-N or nitrate-N dominated fertilizer programs on the nitrogen and sucrose content of sugarbeet tissue, and yeilds of sugarbeets. William A. Dickinson.
3:40 A4 Effect of irrigation water and nitrogen fertility on sugarbeet production. John. M. Nelson.
3:55 Al2 Response of sugarbeets to experimental levels of sprinkler irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on a sandy soil. S. Roberts, J.E. Middleton and A.W. Richards. 4:10 A31 Scheduling irrigations for optimum sugarbeet
production. M.E.Jensen,J.N. Carter and D.T. Westermann. 4:35 Al9 Irrigation management and sugarbeet production.
Gary D. Jardine. 4:50 Discussion.
MONDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY 25
Section C, Entomology and Plant Pathology A Symposium on Nematode Control for Better Beets
CUY AMACA ROOM Session Leader: Arnold Steele I :30 Announcements.
1:40 Cl8 Comparative control of Heterodera schachtii with foliar applications of systemic nematicides. G.D. Griffin.
-1:55 C20 Determination of the tolerance level and economic threshold of Heterodera schachtii on sugarbeets. C.W. Laughlin.
2:10 C23 A preliminary report on the yield of sugarbeets and Heterodera schachtii counts from two placement treatments. George W. Wheatley and Arnold E. Steele. 2:25 C30 Use of I. 3-dichloropropene and aldicarb to control
sugarbeet cyst nematode in the l mperial Valley of California. 1.J. Thomason, H.E. McKinney, A. Hough, R. Hagemann and D. Kontakis.
2:40 C31 Effect of aldicarb on the behavior of Heteroclera schachtii. A. Hough and 1.J. Thomason.
2:55 Recess.
3:15 C24 The use ofTemik JOG aldicarb pesticide to control nematode by preplant and supplemental sidedressing. G. Sorenson and Farrell Francom.
3:35 C15 Nematode control in Sugar Valley, USA. J.E. Jarrell.
3:50 CS "Fumigation" - A standard practice with a new twist! E.A. Edwards.
4:05 C9 Effects of curly top virus on yield of sugarbeet. 1.0. Skoyen and J.E. Duffus.
4: 15 Discussion.
MONDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY 25 Section G, Factory Operations
Calories, Carbonation, Kilns,
Computer Control, Scheduling Work and Extraction PALOMAR ROOM
Session Leader: Marcus Richardson 1:30 Announcements
1 :40 G 12 Fuel savings in a consistent heat economy of a beet sugar factory. Hans Joachim Delavier.
2:20 GlO New Tenabe 220 cubic meter, forced draft, continuous discharge, mixed feed, vertical lime kiln. J.W. Eastman.
2:40 G31 Improved system for operating lime mud rotary vacuum filters of the Manitoba Sugar Company Limited. Murray Whetter and Michael Rychkun.
2:55 Recess.
3: 15 G36 Filter aid recovery. Thomas H. Henscheid and Michael Stroebel.
3:30 G27 Computer control of process. Leonard McCosh.
6
-3:50 Gl9 Cominuous Steffen process Ill batch coolers. M. Bosnjak and J. Angelos.
4: 10 G26 The implemelllation of a work scheduling system based on short term scheduling. K.J. Stewart.
4:25 Gl5 Non-sugar-water ratio comrol in low raw masse-cuites. Laslo Tot.
4:40 Discussion.
TUESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 26
General Session, All Sections BALLROOM
9:00 Call to Order: R.T. Johnson, President, American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists
Presiding: D.D. Dickenson, Program Chairman
Welcome to San Diego: A member of the San Diego City Council:
Keynote Address: To be announced. President's Address: R.T. Johnson
Business Meeting: Report of the Secretary-Treasurer; Committee Reports; Other Business and Selection of Nineteenth General Meeting Site
TUESDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY 26 Section A, Agronomy
A Symposium on Weed Control for Better Beets LAGUNA ROOM
Session Leader: Robert Norris 1:30 Announcements.
1:40 Al5 Preplant/postplant herbicide system on sugar -beets, 1972- 73. E.F. Sullivan and L.K. Fagala.
2:00 Al6 Persistence and movement of NC 8438 in two soil types. E.E. Schweizer.
2:15 Al7 Effect of applying pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides on roneet treated sugarbeets and weeds. Gail A. Wicks.
2:30 Al8 Yield loss clue to betanal-betanal 475 injury. Steven Winter and Allen F. Wiese.
2:45 Recess.
3:05 A27-l The inOuence of new herbicide combinations on control of annual weeds in sugarbeets under California conditions. L.M. Burtch, B.B. Fischer and D.R. Comer.
-3:25 A32 Influence of herbicide-insecticide on weed control, sugarbeet yield and sugarbeet quality. A.G. Dexter, R.D. Frye, A. W. Anderson and J.A. Callenbach.
3:40 A39 Competition of late-emerging weeds with sugar-beets. J.H. Dawson.
4:00 A27-2 Why the gap between research results and field performance? B.B. Fischer, L.M. Burtch and Ron Kukas.
4:30 Weed Forum.
TUESDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY 26
1:30 1:40 1:50 2:00 2:15 2:25 2:40 2:55 3:15 3:35 3:55 Section B, Genetics
Disease Resistance, Male Sterility and General Breeding Procedures for Better Beets
MISSION COURTS SOUTH Session Leader: A. Kent Nielson Announcements.
B3 Genetic studies of different sources of male sterility in sugarbeet. J.C. Theurer.
B6 The effect of pollinator parent proportions on performance of sugarbeet hybrids with female parents having varying levels of male sterility. A.W. Erichsen, A. Suzuki and R.K. Oldemeyer.
B7 Relative emasculation efficacy of various sources of male sterility cytoplasm in sugarbeets, the parents of which are genotypically the same. A. Suzuki, R.K. Oldemeyer and A.W. Erichsen.
Bll Genotypic competition in selection. D.L. Doney and J.C. Theurer.
BIS Selection of sugarbeets for root shape. Peter Bergen.
B 16 A variety evaluation system used to test other companies varieties by American Crystal Sugar Company. George E. Burt.
Recess.
BS The effects of infection by beet yellows and beet western yellows viruses on yield and purity of sugarbeet. R.T. Lewellen, 1.0. Skoyen, J.S. McFarlane and J.E. Duffus.
Bl4 Breeding for and evaluation of resistance to aphanomyces and rhizoctonia root rots. G.J. Hogaboam and C.L. Schneider.
A25 Effect of harvest area and replication on detection of treatment differences in sugarbeet field experiments. J .0. Reuss, W.R. Schmehl, A.E. Ludwick and J .F. Giles.
-4: 10 A26 The capacit)' of sugarbeet \'anettes to maintain sucrose concentration and purity in irregular stands. Gerald E. Coe.
4:30 Breeders Forum.
TUESDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY 26 Section E, Chemistry
Diffusion, Steffen Operations and Filtration CUY AMACA ROOM
Session Leader: Robert Gramera
1:30 Announcements.
1:40 E2 Rapid determination of lactate by enzymatic analysis. George H. Sisler, Charles L. Lawhead, and J. Ferguson.
1 :55 E4 Methods of bacteriological investigation in evaluation of diffuser biocide effectiveness. Katheryn A. Osweiler and George H. Sisler.
2:10 E6 The precipitation of non-sugars 111 the cossette cells. Vel M. Jesic.
2:20 E22 A rapid method for the routine factory analysis of lactic acid. Souly A. Farag.
2:30 Recess.
2:50 E3 Evaluation of lime for use 111 the Steffen process. George H. Sisler and J. Ferguson.
3:05 Gl4 The use of the enzyme melibiase at the Kitami, Japan and Billings, Montana factories. Brooks M. Stein,
Shigeki Hashimoto and Steven L. Force.
3:45 E5 Standard liquor filtration: influence of certain non-sugars to length of filter cycle. George H. Sisler and Margaret G. Auth.
4:00 Gl 7 Determination of the optimum coagulation point in preliming and first carbonation. Vel M. Jesic and Frank A. Baczek.
4: 10 Discussion.
TUESDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY 26 Section H, Air and Water Quality
Water Quality PALOMAR ROOM Session Leader: Lloyd Neville 1 :30 Announcements.
1:40 H5 Waste water handling procedures. G.W. Miles, J.E.A. Rich and R.B. Scanlan.
-2:40 H7 Eis Clarifier on beet flume water clarification at the :'vlanitoba Sugar Company Limited. Michael Rychkun, Murray Whetter and Kenden M. Foo.
3:00 Recess.
3:20 HS Joint treatment of industrial and municipal waste. R.E. Pailthorp.
3:40 H9 Biotreatment of condenser water. W.E. Schunter, R.W. Brenton, W.D. Watson and E.G. Maggi.
3:50 HIO The application on beet sugar waste of the R.T. Lefrancois biological purification process. R. Pieck and L. Delvaux.
4: 10 Discussion.
WEDNESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 27
8:30 8:40 8:55 9:10 9:25 9:45 10:00 10:20 10:45 11:05 11:25 11:40 Section A, Agronomy
Other Important Facets for Better Beets LAGUNA ROOM
Session Leader: P.B. Brimhall Announcements.
A20 Effect of water table depth, irrigation and nitrogen on sugarbeet quality and sucrose production. G.A. Reichman and R.F. Follett.
A 7 l nterrelationships of applied nitrogen, applied zinc, plant population, and frequency of irrigation on yield and quality of sugarbeets. H.D. Fuehring and R.E. Finkner. Al The effect of root applied ethlene on nitrate uptake, utilization and yield. Arthur H. Freytag, and Walter R. Akeson.
C5 The use of seed wafers and anti-crustants for improving seedling emergence. James E. Henry and Dave M. Van Doren.
A21 Use of phosphoric acid to reduce soil crusting and improve emergence of sugarbeet seedlings. Robert E. Dennis, Michael A. Ostapuk, Isaac 0. Mitts and C. W. Robbins.
Recess.
A29-l Sugarbeet growing using m1n1mum tillage.
Wendell R. Wagner.
A22 Climate periods and thresholds important to sugarbeet production. K. James Fornstrom.
A24 Sugarbeet yield and photosynthesis in the northern great plains. Eugene J. Doering.
A35 Effects of high ugar varieties versus intermediate and tonnage varieties on the overall economics of the beet sugar industry. E.L. Swift.
WEDNESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 27 8:30 8:40 9:00 9:10 9:20 9:40 9:55 10:15 10:45 11:00 11:20 11:35
Section C, Entomology and Plant Pathology A Symposium on Root Maggot Control for Better Beets
CUY AMACA ROOM Session Leader: C.C. Blickenstaff Announcements.
C6 Laboratory investigations into the biology of the sugarbeet root maggot: Basic studies toward an integrated control program. A.W. Anderson and Lyle E. Klostermeyer. C26 Timing of postemergence treatments for chemical
control of sugarbeet root maggot Tetanops myopaeformis (Roder) in Wyoming. C.C. Burkhardt and C. Barry Wingfield.
C25 Chemical control of the sugarbeet root maggot
Tetanops myopaeformis (Roder) in Wyoming. C. Barry Wingfield and C.C. Burkhardt.
Cl3 Control of the sugarbeet root maggot in Colorado and Wyoming. Y. Mok Yun and Robert Vergera.
Cl 7 The use of three different insecticides for control
of root maggot in Idaho. Don Benscoter and Neil Vance. Recess.
C2 Sugarbeet root maggot control in the Magic Valley of Idaho. Dale R. Strong.
C7 Root maggot control. R.W. Fullmer.
Cl4 A report on sugarbeet root maggot research in northern Wyoming. Stan Walter.
C4 The results of insecticide applications for sugar-beet 1-oot maggot control in the Red River Valley. Russell
A. Steen.
Discussion.
WEDNESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 27 Section G, Factory Operations
Sugar End Operations
PALOMAR ROOM Session Leader: Jack Powell
8:30 Announcements.
8:40 G20 Application of falling-film evaporation 111 the sugar industry. M. Bosnjak.
8:55 G40 " lonitor" low purity boiling. Ulrich Hillmer.
9: 15 G4 Thickening filters for first carbonation. A.
Faaborg-Andersen.
-9:45 10:05 10:25 10:45 11:15 11:30 11:50
G39 The relation between cation management and sugar extraction in the processing of sugarbeets. Karlheinz W.R. Schoenrock, Chia-Lung Hsieh and Preston Richey. Recess.
G21 Operational benefits from white pan stirrers and pan boiling comrols. J.P. Abbott and J.E.A. Rich.
G23 Evaluation or rheometer on white pan control. Chris H. Brevick and Robert E. Halverson.
G30 Beet sugar pan boiling at Canadian Sugar Factories Limited and the :\!anitoba Sugar Company Limited. Malcolm K. Faviell.
G41 The application of felt fabrics in beet juice !iltration. David M. Stewart.
Discussion.
WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY 27
1:30 1:40
3:00 3:20
Section A, Agronomy Panel Harvest Stands Weed Free
LAGUNA ROOM Panel Moderator: P.M. Rosenow Announcements.
Panel Members: Fred Jenkins, Grower, El Centro, California; Jack Brickey, Agronomist, Woodland, California; John Schell, Grower, Pasco, Washington; Ralph Hettinger, Area Agricultural Manager, Longmont, Colorado; Patrick Benedict, Grower, Sabin, Minnesota; Phil Brimhall, Senior Agronomist, Saginaw, Michigan; John Hall, General Agriculturist, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada; Emery Williams, Agriculturalist, Findlay, Ohio; John E. Hull, Agriculturalist, Nampa, Idaho.
Recess.
Continue panel with same panel members.
WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY 27
Section C, Entomology and Plant Pathology Yellows, Root Rot, and Leaf Spot Control for Better Beets
CUYAMACA ROOM Session Leader: Arch Richards 1:30 Announcements.
1:40 C12 Effectiveness of newer systemic insecticide for control of sugarbeet insects. B.J. Landis, Lee Fox and Arthur Richards.
2:00 2:10 2:25 2:35 2:45 2:55 3:05 3:25 3:40 3:55 4:10 4:20
Cl9 Relationship between beet western yellows and barley yellow dwarf viruses. James E. Duffus and W.F. Rochow.
C3 Effects of nitrogen nutrition, injury, and other factors on the incidence of bacterial vascular necrosis and rot of sugarbeets. Sherman V. Thomson, Milton N. Schroth and F. Jackson Hills.
C22 Susceptibility of some U.S. and European sugarbeet selections to bacterial rot incited by an Erwinia species. E.D. Whitney and R.T. Lewellen.
ClO Virulence of sugarbeet root rot isolates of rhizoctonia on several crop species. C.L. Schneider.
C21 Virulence of rh1zoctonia on resistanl sugarbeet line FC70 I. C.L. Schneider.
Cll A selective media for the enumeration of Phoma betae in soil, seed and plant tissue. William M. Bugbee. Recess.
C27 Seed-borne Phoma betae as influenced by area of seed production, seed processing and by fungicidal seed treatments. L.D. Leach and James D. MacDonald. C28 Fusarium stalk blight, a disease of sugarbeet seed crops in Oregon. James D. MacDonald and L.D. Leach.
Bl 7 The probable occurrence of physiological speciali-zation of Cercospora beticola. R.T. Lewellen and E.D. Whitney.
C29 Strains of Cercospora beticola resistant to benomyl in the USA. E.G. Ruppel and P.R. Scott.
Discussion.
WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY 27 Section G, Factory Operations
Diffusion, Centrifuging, Pan Operations and Consensers
PALOMAR ROOM Session Leader: J.P. Abbott 1 :30 Announcements.
1:40 Gl3 Ethylene enhanced diffusion. A.H. Freytag and J.C. Linden.
1:55 G3 The DDS-diffuser and its economical characte r-istics. A. Faaborg-Andersen.
2:25 G37 Diffuser control and maintenance. F.W. Cook and J .K. Vandel.
2:45 Gl Affining low raw sugar in continuous cemrifugals direct purging compared to mixing with high raw masse-cuite at Canadian Sugar Factories Limited. Kenden M. Foo and John F. Ripley.
3:00 Recess.
-3:20 G29 Evaluation of low ra1r continuous centrifugals. Laslo Tot,
J.
Angelos and D. Boddy3:35 G6 The rheometer automatic vacuum pan control, a new process for the fully-automatic execution of the boiling process of all products. Henry Thiele and Arnold Langen.
3:55 GB Performance of entrainment arrestors on Drayton pans and evaporators. Gary Fischer.
4:15 Gl6 The effect of low raw massecuite cooling rate and non-sugar/water ratios on molasses exhaustion. Dennis R. Horner and Vel M. Jesic.
4:30 G25 Condenser design. George S. Benford, Jr. 4:45 Discussion.
THURSDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 28
8:30 8:40 9:00 9:15 9:25 9:40 9:50 10:05 10:25 10:35 10:45 10:55 Section F, Physiology A Storage Symposium LAGUNA ROOM Session Leader: Ed Swift Announcements.
Fl A basic approach to mcreasmg sugarbeet yields. F.W. Snyder.
F6 Photosynetic and photorespiratory activities 111 isolated sugarbeet chloroplasts. E.F. Elstner.
Introduction by S.E. Bichsel.
F7 The biochemical pathway of sucrose degradation during storage. Roger Wyse.
Fll The importance of selecting representative samples in sugarbeet storage experiments. Karl E. Trainor, E.L. Swift and R.E. Watkins.
F3 Effect of topping procedure and variety on storage losses. W.R. Akeson, S.D. Fox, A.W. Erichsen and E.L. Stout.
Recess.
F9 The effect of nitrogen fertilization on the storage-ability of two sugarbeet varieties. R.E. Watkins and E.L. Swift.
FIO The effect of fertilization (N, P & K) on the storageability of sugarbeets. R.E. Watkins and E.L. Swift.
F5 Predicting sugarbeet storage losses using regression analysis. M.G. Barnes, W.R. Akeson and N.E. Pence. F8 Effect of 150 clay storage on inverts, raffinose, conductivity ash, gas chromatograph sucrose and polari-meter sucrose in various sugarbeet varieties. A. Kent Nielson, Frank P. Beck and Curtis Melville.
-11:10 11:25 11:50
F4 Evaluation of methods for long term storage of
beets. S.D. Fox and W.R. Akeson.
Fl2 The results of canopy pile storage plus forced air
ventilation. R.C. Johnson. Discussion.
THURSDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 28 Section E, Chemistry
Ion Exchange, Exclusion and other Chemical Determinations CUYAMACA ROOM 9:00 9:10 9:30 9:50 10:10 10:30 10:50 11:05 11:15 11:30 11:40
Session Leader: Curtis Melville Announcements.
E9 Prototype ion exclusion plant operation. Gary K.
Writer and Charles L. Schmalz.
El 7 Production of fertilizer from ion exchange
regenerant waste streams. Tom Zanto and Ron Brauer.
E2 l Ion exclusion feed softening. Charles L. Schmalz and Gary K. Writer.
Recess.
El4 Enzymatic analysis of glutamine in sugar extracts.
Linda L. Wheelock.
El6 Determination of nucleic acids in sugarbeets.
Manfred Burba.
El9 Estimation of storageability characteristics of sugarbeet varieties at various levels of fertilization. Larry Batterman.
E23 Interferences of nitrite in the iodimetric de-termination of sulfite. Robert B. Lew.
E8 Experiences using a flame photometric detector 111 analyzing sugarbeet products. Frank Palmisano.
Discussion.
THURSDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 28
Section H, Air and Water Quality Air Quality
PALOMAR ROOM Session Leader: Robert Monroe
8:30 Announcements.
8:40 HI The cleaning of vapors off pulp drier stacks with wet scrubbers. George S. Benford, Jr.
-9:25 9:45 10:05 10:25 10:45 11:15 11:45
H2 Particulate emission from a lignite coal fired pulp drier equipped for recycle of a portion of the quadruple cyclone effluent LO the fire wne. I.V. Fordyce and A.M. Cooley.
H3 Emission control of a lignite fired pulp drier equipped ll'ith a low energy wet scrubber. Roland Olson, Ira V. Fordyce and Robert Trabert.
Recess.
H4 An examination of some ,·ariables affecting the accurate measurement of pulp dryer particulate matter emission. J.A. Levad.
G33 Test results of pilot siled National Lime Association chain filled Ca COJ lo\\' pressure drop flue gas scrubber. A. W. Argabrite and W.E. Schunter.
G34 Venturi flue gas scrubber for industrial coal fired boilers. A.W. Argabrite.
Discussion.
DESCRIPTIVE BRIEFS OF PAPERS
PRESENTED IN THIS PROGRAM
AGRONOMY
Al Arthur H. Freytag and Walter R. AkesonEthylene gas was i1tjected into hydroponic and field grown sugar-beets. The results show that ethylene increased nitrate uptake by 50%
and decreased petiole nitrate by 50%. These data suggest that petiole nitrate is being assimulated faster than the check. Yields of foliage and beets increased in green weight m·er the check.
A2 G. A. Peterson and F. N. Anderson
Surveys conducted in Nebraska's North Platte Valley showed that 75% of the 300 sites sampled, had high and very high P soil tests. It was concluded that most growers are not using a sound soil testing program and that many growers are receiving no return on dollars spent for P fertilizer.
A3 F. N. Anderson and G. A. Peterson
The soil is an active biological system making predictions of nitrogen availability to a sugarbeet difficult. Total nitrate nitrogen ll'as measured to 180 cm in 300 fields during 1972 and 1973. The relation of soil test nitrate Lo yield, sucrose production and purity will be sholl'n. A4 John M. Nelson
The effect of five irrigation levels and five nitrogen fertility levels on sugarbeet production was studied. The major response of beets was to nitrogen. There was no yield advantage in irrigating before the soil moisture tension reached 3 atmospheres 01-before 65% of avail-able soil moisture had been used.
A5 J.N. Carter, D.T. Westermann, M.E. Jensen, and S.M. Bosma A soil test to measure both mineraliLable and nitrate nitrogen le\'el of a soil ,,·as found to sen-e as a rnluable guide in recommending nitrogen fertilizer for sugarbeets o,·er a wide range of southern Idaho. The use of this test will enable the optimum application of nitrogen fertilizer before planting or side-dressing early in the season before the period of highest nitrogen uptake by the plant to obtain maximum refined sucrose production and profits to both the producer and man-ufacturer.
A6 J. O. Reuss, A. E. Ludwick,
J.
F. GilesSoil nitrate determined prior to planting is a reliable index of sugarbeet nitrogen status. Eastern Colorado fields containing more than 150 lbs. nitrate N to 5 foot are unlikely to require nitrogen fertiliLer. Sucrose percentage and nitrogen uptake are highly correlated with soil nitrate and fertilizer applied.
A 7 H. D. Fuehring and R. E. Finkner
Yield of extractable sugar was increased 30 to 50 percent by application of zinc when levels of nitrogen, plant population, and irriga-tion were adequate. Plant population levels above or below 25 to 30 thousand plants per acre were depressing to yield especially at low nitrogen levels. Interactions were important.
AS William A. Dickinson, Jr.
Petiole and root analyses for Total-N, NQ3-N and "Other-N" (by difference), and sucrose on beets grown under N H4-N or :',/Q3-N dominated fertiliLer programs indicate the latter programs result in lower nitrate content in both petioles and roots, and a more consistant increase in sucrose content. Yields and sucrose content were higher in NQ3-;'\ dominated programs. "Other-1 " may exert a negative influ-ence on sucrose content. Analysis of roots for NQ3-N is more accurate in monitoring N regime.
A9 F. J. Hills and Albert Ulrich
Recent nitrogen fertilizer experiments will be discussed with respect to diversity of response in root, top, and sugar production. Responses will be related to plant and soil analysis.
AlO Albert Ulrich and F. J. Hills
Measurement of leaf and brei nitrogen and concentrations and their relationship to sucrose percent of the storage root will be presented. Al 1 Steven Winter
Nitrogen rate studies and associated net returns indicate the valve of controlled nitrogen fertilization. Changes in soil nitrate-nitrogen to a depth of 6 feet under a growing sugarbeet crop and concurrent total nitrogen uptake will be presented. Some nitrogen use to a depth of 6 feet appears likely.
A 12 S. Roberts, J. E. Middleton and A. W. Richards
Crop damage by wind was a serious problem in establishing sugarbeets at the experimental site with surface soil of loamy fine sand. The observed top growth was much less and the yields of sugarbeets was slightly lower with the lowest irrigation level compared to the highest. Sugarbeets produced economical yield increases with increasing increments of N up to 250 pounds per acre. Residual soil N and organic matter were both very low.
Al3 M. G. Frakes
The a-Amino Nitrogen, determined on all grower deliveries
in conjunction with the recoverable white sugar determinations, showed a linear relationship to the amount of Effective 1itrogen available to the crop. Growers reduced nitrogen application 24% in 1972 which resulted in a 22% reduction in amino nitrogen. Clear juice purity was increased 0.6. Data from 1973 grower deliveries will be presented.
Al4 Robert Roylance
It has been demonstrated conclusively that excessive nitrogen
reduces sugar content and raises impurities. Procedures to create
optimum nitrogen levels are being utilized under practical production conditions in many growing areas. These procedures include the
estab-lishment of, (1) seasonal soil nitrate levels, (2) petiole nitrate trends, and (3) proper irrigation scheduling.
Al5 E.F. Sullivan and L.K. Fagala
NC-8438 and mixtures applied preplant followed by postplant
phenmedipham or phenmedipham
+
NC-8438 herbicides gavesuperior chemical weeding. Red root, pigweed, foxtails, and kochia were controlled. Heretofore, kochia had escaped chemical control. NC-8438 systems remain active until mid-July and in some sequences until harvest. The 1972- 73 results substantiate those obtained in 1970-71.
Al6 E. E. Schweizer
NC 8438 was applied broadcast at four rates on a sandy loam and loam soil and incorporated. Soil samples were collected initially
and then at 4-week intervals until harvest. The 12-inch cores were
divided into 3-inch increments and bioassayed with barley to determine the location and amount of NC 8438 in each increment.
Al 7 Gail A. Wicks
Weed control on RoNeet at 3lb/A treated plots could be
extended by applying Nortran at 1.5 lb/A preplant soil incorporated; Nortran at 2 and 4 lb/A or Pyramin at 3 lb/A preemergence; Pyramin
+
dalapon at 4+
2.2 lb/ A, Betanal at I and 1.5 lb/ A, or Nortran at 2lb/ A postemergence. During the past three years, season-long weed control has been obtained with some of these treatments above andin combination with Ro eet. There has been considerable sugarbeet
A18 Steven Winter
Sugarbeets were sprayed with a 50:50 mixture of Betanal and
Betanal-475 at varying rates and stages of growth so as to produce
varying levels of early injury. All plots were maintained weed free. The influence of these treatments on stand, yield, and % sucrose will
be presented.
A19 Gary D. Jardine
Several irrigation scheduling techniques were studied due to
their importance to sugarbeet production. Irrigations were based on
climatic data, soil moisture measurements from electrical resistance blocks and hand probing, and on standard grower practices. The affect of these management techniques upon labor requirements, sugarbeet
quality and yield were evaluated.
A20 G. A. Reichman and R. F. Follett
Sugarbeets grown on well-drained sandy soils produced more
weight of roots and sucrose when grown over a shallow water table than over a deeper water table. Irrigation increased root and sucrose
production over a deeper water table. Nitrogen fertilizer increased root and sucrose production. Quality was improved by a shallower water
table or irrigation, but was decreased by nitrogen fertilizer.
A21 Robert E. Dennis, Michael A. Ostapuk, Isaac 0. Mitts and C. W. Robbins.
Applying 61.5 lbs P/acre as 24% phosphoric acid, in a 3-inch
band over the seed row, improved seedling emergence and vigor when
moisture and other conditions favored soil crusting. Crusting was reduced in soil treated with liquid phosphoric acid because aggregate stability was increased.
A22 K. James Fornstrom
A method is presented which provides a means of selecting
climatic periods and thresholds important to the production of
sugar-beets as determined from qualitative associations between yield (tons of beets and percent sugar) and weather data. Results from two
Wyom-ing areas are presented. A24 Eugene J. Doering
Growth measurements and climate data obtained during four growing seasons in North Dakota indicate that: (a) from 60 to 90 days
are needed to build the photosynthetic system and to produce the first
ton of sugarbeet roots per acre; (b) root growth is closely related to climate; and (c) photosynthetic efficiencies based on the de Wit model
can be used to compare growing seasons and locations. Root:top ratios
were characteristically low at harvest, even though photosynthetic
efficiencies during the root storage portion of the season were high.
-A25
J.
0. Reuss, W. R. Schmehl, A. E. Ludwick, andJ.
F. Giles Standard errors of mean root yields decreased rapidly with increasing harvest areas up to I 00 ft2 per plot, but there was little advantage to harvest areas greater than 200 ft2• Two sucrose samples per plot gave substantially lower s.e. - ,·alues than one but there was very little improvement above three.A26 Gerald E. Coe
Two varieties were grown in complete and irregular stands. Sugarbeets next to skips in the irregular stands were weighed and analyzed separately from other beets in their respective plots. Compar i-sons are made between the varieties in their ability to store sugar and other solubles under the various conditions of this experiment. A27-1 L. M. Burtch, B. B. Fischer, and D. R. Comer
Two years results with Hercules 22234 and Fisons NC8438, show these herbicides to manifest their greatest potential when used in combination with other selective herbicides such as Pyramin. Combi-nations with Hercules 22234 are most effective against summer annual weeds whereas Fisons NC8438 combinations are more effective against the winter annual weed spectrum.
A27-2 B. B. Fischer, L. M. Burtch and Ron Kukas
Many effective herbicides and application techniques are available to California sugar beet growers. In spite of this accessibility, too many growers fail to obtain satisfactory weed control consistently. It therefore seems as if a method must be developed to close the gap between research findings and reliable performance in the grower's field.
A29-1 Wendell R. Wagner
The presentation will describe: the tither and its versatility for seed bed preparation, planting and cultivating; the agronomic basis for germination, emergence and subsequent growth; advantages relat-ing to wind protection and moisture penetration and conservation by leaving previous crop residue on the surface; and reduction of the number of field operations.
A30-1 R. F. Ginn, D. D. Dickenson and D. D. Anderson
Soil tests for itrate nitrogen since 1970 in the Holly Herefore, Texas area revealed that about 1/3 of those fields tested each year had excessive amounts. Where good agronomic practices have followed fertilizer recommendations based on soil tests, lower brei nitrate readings with higher sugar contents have resulted.
A30-2 D. D. Dickenson and P. M. Rosenow
Data from 3-years harvest of commercial contracts in all of Holly Sugar Corporation's nine factory areas show that sugar and nitrate
-content at harvest time are negati,·ely 1-elated. Howe\'e1-, there appeared to be very little relationship between nitrate at harYest and yield or sugar content and yield.
A30-3 Roger W. Hill, D. D. Dickenson and Ronnie C. Sanders The Agricultural Staff at Holly Sugar Corporation's Imperial Valley District has conducted an extensive petiole sampling and analysis program the past three years for improving beet quality. Beginning in I ovember, each sugarbeet field is petiole sampled to determine nit-rate levels each month until the field is harvested. The data from the analysis are utilized by the grower and Holly's agricultural personnel to adjust fertilizer programs and schedule harvest dates for these fields. A31 M. E. Jensen, J. N. Carter and D. T. Westermann
Irrigation water requirements and general guidelines for scheduling irrigations will be emphasized. New Technology, incorporat-ing computerized irrigation scheduling concepts and recent develop-ments in nitrogen management, will be described. This technology will enable preplant predictions of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer needs and midseason predictions of harvested beet quality.
A32 A.G. Dexter, R. D. Frye, A. W. Anderson andJ. A. Callenbach Sugarbeet herbicides and sugarbeet root maggot insecticides were used alone and in combination for three years at St. Thomas, orth Dakota. Weed control evaluations and sugarbeet yield and quality determinations demonstrated no important interactions between the herbicides and insecticides tested at the St. Thomas location.
A33 R. A. Torkelson and A. G. Dexter
A nitrate nitrogen soil test using a specific nitrate electrode has been used in the Red River Valley since 1969. A summary of several years of nitrate test data for sugarbeets from the North Dakota State University soil test laboratory and soil test correlation data with sugar-beets demonstrate that the nitrate soil test was necessary and effective in predicting the optimum rate of added nitrogen fertilizer.
A35 E. L. Swift
High sugar, intermediate sugar and tonnage beet varieties have a varying effect on the operation of the beet sugar factory and the profits to the processor, both from the length of storage and the process-ing period and the recovery of sugar. The profits of the grower are also related to type of variety grown.
A36 D. R. Christenson and C. E. Bricker
An experiment was established to study the effect of carry over nitrogen after corn and navy beans on sugarbeet quality and yield. Recoverable sugar, clear juice purity, percent sucrose and a-amino nit-rogen content were measured. Several statistical models will be pre-sented to show the most effective nitrogen management for sugarbeet production.
-A38 L.A. Daigger, F. N. Anderson and G. A. Peterson
Extensive deep soil sampling and small plots demonstrated to growers that proper use of fertilizer improved sugarbeet production. Addition of fertilizer in excess of recommended rates reduced yields,
quality and sucrose production. The programs convinced growers that
soil testing is necessary for top sugarbeet production. A39 Jean H. Dawson
Sugarbeets were grown in various complete and incomplete
stands. The competitive relationships between the sugarbeets and weeds that emerged after July 1 were determined.
GENETICS AND VARIETY IMPROVEMENT
Bl J. S. McFarlane
Beta Macrocarpa is widely distributed in the Imperial Valley. Natural hybridization has occurred between the wild species and the
cultivated sugarbeet. The F1 hybrids and intercrosses between the hyb-rids are annuals. Many of these plants produce viable seed by April
15, which creates a potentially serious weed problem in sugarbeet fields. B2 James C. Read
The 19-chromosome nematode-resistant plants were irradicated from a Co60 source with varying doses at various stages of flower
develop-ment. Reciprocal crosses were then made with the 8 I 3 sugarbeet line. Resistant plants from the 813 (female) X nematode resistant (male) cross should contain the desired translocation. This technique and the
experimental results will be presented. B3 J. C. Theurer
Male sterile material from several sources has been crossed with type O and pollen fertility restorer inbreds in an effort to identify new
sources of cytoplasmic male sterility. Data on fertility segregation for
these populations will be discussed.
B4 R. J. Hecker, G. W. Maag and G. A. Smith
We will report our experiments to develop and Lest a simple,
practical, and accurate method of determining sugarbeet quality at har-vest time. Purity and other quality indices, including models developed by path coefficient analysis from non-sugar components, will be
com-pared in several beet juices, for several varieties grown at different nitrogen levels.
B5 G. A. Smith, G. W. Maag and R.
J.
HeckerThe objective of this study was to find a model which best iden-tifies the combination of nonsucrose constituents which most affects
purity. A method of path coefficient analysis and computer screening
-was used to formulate models for both high and low nitrogen fertility levels. l\lodels selected as best are those which account for maximum amounts of variation in purity with the fe\,·est number of nonsucrose constituents.
B6 A. W. Erichsen, A. Suzuki and R. K. Oldemeyer
Various ratios of pollinator to female parent were used in small commercial seed production fields to determine the best ratios for three male-sterile parents. The optimum ratio of pollinators was found to be dependent upon the degree of male-sterility in the female parent. B7 Akio Suzuki, R. K. Oldemeyer and A. W. Erichsen
A uniform genetic background was placed in male-sterile cyto-plasm from seven distinct sources by backcrossing each source to one uniform "O" type inbred line. The male sterility of progenY. from tests crosses to several other inbred lines revealed the male-sterility sources differed in their ability to castrate their progeny.
BS R. T. Lewellen, I. 0. Skoyen, J. S. McFarlane and J. E. Duffus Beet yellows and beet western yellows viruses were used to inocu-late sugarbeet breeding lines and hybrids. The effects of infection by these viruses on yield and purity of various sugarbeet lines when occurr-ing independently or concurrently will be reported.
B9 Helen Savitsky and J. S. McFarlane
Diploid Bs plants with high curly top resistance were selected from resistant trisomics de1·ived from Beta vulgaris-corolliflora hybrids. Plants combining high vigor and curly top resistance were selected from 82 progenies derived from B. vulgaris-trigyna hybrids.
BIO Helen Savitsky
A Beta jJrocumbens chromosome and nematode resistance were transferred to the 81 generation. A few nematode resistant diploid plants de1·ived from a crossover between procumbens and vulgaris chromosomes were selected. Nematode resistance was transferred to the progeny of a resistant F, diploid hybrid. Some resistant plants obtained after irradiation differed morphologically from trisomics. B 11 D. L. Doney and J. C. Theurer
Two competition parameters (competitive ability and competi-tive influence) were measured and evluated for their effect on selection. Tests were designed to measure these effects on lines and individual beets. Results indicate that selections could be made that will compliment each other (in strong competition environments).
Bl2 A. Kent Nielson and Jan Karr
Sucrose percent of several varieties was determined during the past three years by polarimeter and by gas chromatography. Ranking of varieties by both methods at harvest and after storage was similar.
-Coefficients of variation were generally higher for the gas chromatog-raphy method while F values tended to be lower.
B13 George H. Coons
Incorporation by breeders of desirable factors from wild species into cultivated forms have too often concentrated on a single cross taken to later generations, ignoring biotypes of both plants and pathogens. 1970 collections of Beta spp. from a wide range of individuals and locations have given pooled seed from increases for beet b1-eeders. B14 G.
J.
Hogaboam and C. L. SchneiderCurrent breeding and evaluation techniques will be discussed. The status of the present program will be presented.
B15 Peter Bergen
Sugarbeet roots have characteristic vertical creases. If these creases are deep they hold soil which often is difficult to remove with conventional factory washing. It is undesirable to allow soil to enter the factory process. A breeding project is underway to develop a variety of sugarbeet in which the root crease is absent or only very shallow. The progress made in this breeding project will be discussed.
B16 George E. Burt
A detailed explanation is given of American Crystal Sugar Com-pany's variety evaluation system used in the Reel River Valley, Colorado and Kansas to test sugarbeet varieties in an impartial manner. Included are total costs needed to evaluate varieties at outlying areas and plot design used to avoid loss of data on each variety.
Bl 7 R. T. Lewellen and E. D. Whitney
The probable occurence of physiologic races in Cercospora
beticola and race specific genes for resistance in Beta vulgaris to c. beticola
will be discussed. The probability that host-parasite inte1-actions between these two organisms fit a gene-for-gene relationship is suggested.
ENTOMOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY
C2 Dale R. StrongResults of various insecticide treatments in controlling sugarbeet root maggot (Tetanops myopaeformis (Roder) by sugarbeet grolvers. A ppli-cations of materials were observed under field soil conditions and cul-tural practices. This is not a research study but control results obtained from a practical point of view at the grower level.
C3 Sherman V. Thomson, Milton N. Schroth and F.
J.
Hills A previously unclescribed bacterial disease of sugarbeet roots characterized by necrotic vascular bundles and a firm rot is found in- 24
·-most beet growing areas of California. The effects of nitrogen nutrition, age of beets and injury in relation to control of the disease will be discussed.
C4 Russell A. Steen
Several different insecticides ha\'e been used commercially in the Red River Valley during past years to control sugarbeet maggots. The results obtained from the various insecticides used, and the acreages treated are summarized.
C5 James E. Henry and Dave M. Van Doren
Seed Wafers, made by compressing vermiculite and other mater-ials into flat disks with a seed in the center, were compared with the use of vermiculite and other granular materials in the seed furrow and/or asphalt emulsion sprayed over the row as anti-crustants and emergence aids. Results have been encouraging.
C6 Albin W. Anderson and Lyle E. Klostermeyer
Rearing of the sugarbeet root maggot in the laboratory will be discussed. Studies of development and physiology of the maggot and reproduction in adults will be reviewed. The contribution of these studies to an integrated control program for this insect will be discussed. C7 R. W. Fullmer
Root maggots in the Big Horn Basin have infected sugarbeet acreage. Temik and Dyfonate have been used the last couple of years with great success and different means of incorporation.
CS E. A. Edwards
Good sound fumigation techniques and results on a practical footing that the average layman in the sugarbeet field can take home and use are presented. Some tremendous successes as well as a few dismal failures are explained.
C9 I. 0. Skoyen and J. E. Duffus
Sugarbeet plants at two ages were inoculated in the field with six levels of curly top virus. Inoculation treatments ranged from O to I 00 percent. Data presented will show infection achieved, the effects of' curly top on yield of tops and roots and on percent sucrose. We will also discuss the results as they may be applied to yield loss predictions under natural field infections.
ClO C. L. Schneider
In seedling infection tests in the greenhouse, 40 sugarbeet root isolates of Rhizoctonia. were generally highly infectious on sugarbeet and navy bean; moderately infectious on cucumber, cabbage, corn, and soybean; and lightly infectious on tomato and sweet clover. With each host, except navy bean, there were marked differences in virulence among the isolates.
-Cl I William M. Bugbee
An agar medium was developed to selectively culture Phoma belae from soil, seed, and plant tissue. The medium was used to enumer-ate Phoma during the growing season in field soils, soils from storage sites, seed samples, weed and crop hosts.
CI2 B. J. Landis, Lee Fox and Arthur Richards
Trials with seed, soil, or foliage treatments of sugarbeets primarily for control of the aphid carriers of beet western yellows were continued in Washington from 1970-73. Foliage applications of Monitor
®, orthene, and pirimicarb sprays compared favorably with phorate and Diamond Shamrock 1564 7 and pirimicarb granules applied to the soil were comparable to aldicarb.
CI3 Y. Mok Yun
Results obtained from various tests, such as insecticide applica-tion methods, single and double applications, in-furrow placement of selected insecticides, seed treatments, and juvenile hormone compounds for control of the sugarbeet root maggot will be presented.
CI4 Stan Walter
A report on the results of four insecticides applied under four methods preplant on eighty-three (83) locations in orthern Wyo. Included in the tests were post-emergence applications, either as a single application or in conjunction with the various preplant treat-ments. Very favorable results were observed with the side-injected appli-cation of Dyfonate.
Cl5 J.E. Jarrell
The present Nematode Control program in The Great Western Territory, Sugar Valley U.S.A. was initiated in 1951.
This program involved the introduction of chemical nematicide in an area where a rigid crop rotation program had deteriorated into a disorganized croping sequence, producing low yields on greatly reduced acreages.
Cl7 Don Benscoter and Neil Vance
The results from 3-years' research showing the effectiveness of three different insecticides, where rates, times and methods of appli-cation are changed.
Cl8 G. D. Griffin
Nemacur foliar applications on sugarbeets growing in Helerodera schachlii-in[ested soil increased top growth by 42, 32, 29, 8, and I%, over that of control plants, at 250, 500, 1,000, 2,500, and 5,000 ppm. Comparative increases for oxamyl were 6, 11, 31, 9, and 3%. Minimal increases at the higher concentrations were due to phytotoxicity.
C19 James E. Duffus and W. F. Rochow
A reciprocal serological comparison of several isolaLes of beeL
western yellows and barley yellow dwarf viruses has resulted in positive
and apparently virus specific reactions. The indicaLed relationships
between these viruses link viruses that cause the most economic losses in the Dicotyledoneae and in Lhe Monocotyledoneae.
C20 C. W. Laughlin
Seven Heteroclera sclzachtii cysLs/ I 00 cc of soil significanLly re-duced the sugarbeels in microplots. Beets growing in nemaLOde infes-Led soil (up to 360 cysts/100 cc of soil) exhibiLed a posiLive response to
preplanL Temik applications. Plants growing in non-infested soil exhibiLed symptoms of phytoloxicity.
C21 C. L. Schneider
The virulence of 50 Rhizoclonia cultures, isolated from rotted
sugarbeel rools in Michigan and Ohio commercial plantings was tested
on stecklings in the greenhouse. Isolates differed in ,·irulence, but none induced a highly susceptible reaction in breeding line FC70 I, developed
for Rhizoclonia resistance.
C22 E. D. Whitney and R. T. Lewellen
All selections tested in 1972 and 1973 were susceptible to bacter-ial rot. SusceptibiliLy i-anged from a few percent to over 50 percent.
The most susceptible U.S. selections were virus yellows resistant lines.
European yellows resistant selections were less susceptible. Spread from
inoculated to noninoculated plots occurred. C23 George W. Wheatley and Arnold E. Steel
Sugarbeets were grown on Heterodera schachtii infested soil l'umigated with telone 18" deep and 12" deep with preplam and sid
e-dress treatments of' aldicarb. Noticeable beet stand, beet top vigor and weed control differences were observed between some of the treatments.
Some treatments reduced nemetode populations significantly. Sugar-beet yield data show significant differences between some treatments.
C24 Gary Sorenson and Farrell Francom
The resulLs of applying 40 pounds of temik l OG to 1350 acres and Lhen sidedressing some of the fields where little response
was indicated. Nine fields received 20 pounds sidedressed plus 40
pounds preplant. Two fields Lhat did not have preplam treatments were
also sided ressed.
C25 C. Barry Wingfield and C. C. Burkhardt
Nineteen insecticides at various rates were evaluated as planting
time, posLemergence, and planting time plus postemergence appli
ca-tions. Under heavy root maggot pressure commonly encountered in
-
27
-Northern Wyoming, registered insecticides and those nearing registra-tion seldomly performed well when applied at less than 1.5 lbs a.i. per acre except aldicarb.
C26 C. Barry Wingfield and C. C. Burkhardt
Postemergence treatments or insecticide for control of sugar-beet root maggot in Wyoming were based on fly trap counts. Applica-tions were made at first fly, I week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks arter rirst fly. Most effective treatment was application I week a!"ter first fly. C27 L. D. Leach and James D. MacDonald
Phoma infection on over 100 seed lots was evaluated in the laboratory and soil germination tests. Rainfall before and during seed harvest determined seed infection. Classification of infection types as A to Dis suggested. Seedling infection was strikingly reduced by seed processing and fungicididal t1·eatments with infection types B and C. C28 James D. MacDonald and L. D. Leach
A blighting of sugarbeet seed plants caused by Fusariwn
oxysporum f. sp. betae occurs in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. The pathogen has been isolated from seed. Smveys and a variety test yielded significant data concerning relative susceptibility of varieties and breed-ing lines. A secondary weed host of the pathogen has been discovered. C-29 E.G. Ruppel and P.R. Scott
Cercospora isolates from benomyl-sprayed sugarbeet fields in Texas were resistant to benomyl in vitro. Isolates from fields having no benomyl history were benomyl sensitive. Benomyl resistance could not be induced by growing sensitive isolates on increasing amounts of benomyl in vitro.
C-30 I.J. Thomason, H.E. McKinney, A. Hough, R. Hageman D. Kontakis
Combinations of 1,3 dichloropropene and aldicarb nematicicles gave greater yield increases (5-7 tons/ac) of beet roots than fumigant or non-fumigant nematicides alone. Tests were on a clay loam soil heavily infested with /-/erterodera schachtii. Fumigation of listed beds plus sidedress application ofTemik JOG granules at planting provided a pattern of nematode control which appeared to be superio1· to either treatment alone. Irrigation water is applied by furro11· for 72 hours following seeding. The effect of" water on distribution 01· alclicarb in the soil was studied.
C-31 A. Hough and I.J. Thomason
Hatching of H. Schachtii eggs can be suppressed by high concentrations of aldicarb. Larvae are more sensitive to aldicarb and movement and inf"ectivity are inhibited at 1.0 ppm. However, biological assays in clay soils at the Imperial Valle)" in California indicate that
