American
Society of Sugar
Beet
Technologists
19th GENERAL MEETING PROGRAM
Del Webb's TowneHouse
FEBRUARY 22-26, 1976 PHOENIX, ARIZONA
OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES
President . . . Hugh G. Rounds Vice President. . . Glen W. Yeager Secretary-Treasurer . . . James H. Fischer Immediate Past President . . . Lloyd Norman Board of Directors
Pacific Coast Region ... : ... Lauren Burtch Intermountain Region ... Donald L. Oldemeyer Eastern Rocky Mountain Region ... Donald D. Dickenson North Central and Great Lakes Region ... Ulrich Hillmer Canada . . . Herbert M. Hayward Processing at Large . . . William W. Barr Agricultural at Large . . . Roger Wyse Program Chairmen:
General Program Chairman ... Davis L. Sunderland Agricultural Program Chairman ... Grant E. Nichol Operations Program Chairman ... Robert E. Munroe Agronomy, Section A . . . John W. Hall Genetics and Variety Improvement,
Section B . . . Richard W. Watkins Entomology and Plant Pathology, Section C ... Earl G. Ruppel Chemistry, Section E . . . Whitney Newton II Physiology, Section F ... Kenneth P. Dubrovin Factory Operation, Section G ... John E. Cooley Air and Water Quality, Section H ... W. 0. Weckel Committees:
Local Arrangements Committee R. S. Lambdin, Chairman James E. (Bud) Gardner
Awards Committee R. K. Oldemeyer John E. Cooley George W. Cossairt Richard J. Hecker Nominating Committee John M. Kendrick, Chairman Julian R. Johnson Clair J. Theurer W. A. Willison Ralph A. Fogg Bylaws Committee Alan Woods Richard Zielke E. L. Swift
SYNOPSIS OF THE PROGRAM Sunday, February 22
Noon-6:00 p.m. Registration, Convention Lobby, Del Webb's TowneHouse, 100 West Clarendon Avenue (Registration and information will continue here for the entire meeting.)
6:00-8:00 p.m. No host President's reception, Pool side Monday, February 23
8:30 a.m. Section A - Coronado Room Section B - Pizarro West Section E - Cortez Room Section G - Kino Room 1:30 p.m. Section A Coronado Room
Section B - Pizarro West Section F - Cortez Room Section H - Kino Room
Tuesday, February 24
9:00 a.m. All Sections - General Session and Business Meeting - Coronado & Kino Rooms 1:30 p.m. Section A Coronado Room
Section B - Pizarro West Sect~on C - Cortez Room Section G - Kino Room
Wednesday, February 25 8:30 a.m. Section C Section F Coronado Room Cortez Room l:30p.m. 7:00p.m.
Section H - Kino Room Section A - Coronado Room Section E - Kino Room Section F - Coretz Room
Banquet - Kino-Coronado Rooms
Thursday, February 26
8:30 a.m. Section C Coronado Room Section F Cortez Room Section G - Kino Room
-19th GENERAL MEETING PROGRAM
MONDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 23Section A, Agronomy 8:30 8:40 8:50 9:05 9:20 9:35 9:50 10:10 10:30 10:50 11:10 11:25 11:45 CORONADO ROOM Session Leader: Stewart Bass Announcements.
Al Waste lime as a phosphorus source for sugarbeets. R. L. Sailsbery, F.
J. Hills and R. S. Rauschkolb.
A2 Response of sugarbeets to phosphorus fertilizer in the Red River Valley. J. Etchevers and J. T. Moraghan. A3 Phosphorus soil test calibration for sugarbeets grown on calcareous and non-calcareous soils in Nebraska. G. Var-vel, F. N. Anderson and G. A. Peterson.
A4 Influence of phosphorus placement on 32P uptake by sugar beet seedlings. F. N. Anderson, G. A. Peterson. A5 Sugarbeet petiole phosphate-phosphorus content as related to phosphorus soil tests on calcareous and non-cal -careous soils. G. A. Peterson, F. N. Anderson and G. Varvel. A6 The place of Nortron in European sugarbeet production. R. K. Pfeiffer.
Break.
A7 Results of Nortron from field plots in southern Idaho.
J.
Dan Stallings.AS Depth and time of incorporation of herbicides in sugar-beets. Alan G. Dexter.
A9 The performance of NC 8438 in sugarbeet. W. L. Ekins. AlO Weed control in sugarbeets with herbicides applied postemergence. J. H. Dawson.
Discussion.
MONDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 23 Section B, Genetics
PIZARRO WEST
Session Leader: Robert A. Mohror 8:30 Announcements.
8:40 Bl Cytoplasm sources as they react with genotype, Progress Report II. Akio Suzuki.
8:50 Bl6 Cytoplasmic male sterility and self-fertility occur in accessions of Beta maritima L. Gerald E. Coe and Dewey Stewart.
-9:00 9:15 9:30 9:45 10:00 10:15 10:35 10:50 11:10 11:25 11:40
B30 Determining polyembryony in monogerm seed balls of sugarbeet by X-raying. Jae Ho Kim and Gerald M. Simantel.
FI2 A preliminary report on growth analysis of selected sugarbeet genotypes. Devon L. Doney, Roger E. Wyse and J. Clair Theurer.
B 18 The potential of breeding for storage respiration rate in sugarbeets. J. Clair Theurer, Roger E. Wyse and Devon L. Doney.
B21 Clones as a sugarbeet breeding tool. G. J. Hogaboam. B9 The use of S, and other early generation progeny tests to improve self-fertile monogerm populations of sugarbeet. Robert Lewellen, I. 0. Skoyen and J. S. McFarlane. Break.
B28 The effect of plant population density and nitrogen fertility on purity. Garry A. Smith, Susan S. Martin and Katherine Ash.
B 15 Selecting sugar beets for ozone resistance and the unexpected production of a high purity line. Gerald E. Coe and Harry Menser.
B3 Sugarbeet varietal differences in raffinose content at harvest time and the calculated economic consequences of the differences on the purchase price of beets. R. K. Olde-meyer, A. W. Erichsen, W.R. Akeson and A. Suzuki. B29 Root quality studies of past vs. present commercial varieties of sugarbeets. Gerald M. Simantel and Donald L. Oldemeyer.
Discussion.
MONDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 23 Section E, Chemistry
CORTEZ ROOM Session Leader: John Cluff 8:30 Announcements.
8:40 E2 Methods of analysis for raffinose in sugarbeet molasses: A synopsis of methods available. Linda L. Wheelock. 8:55 Ell Monitoring products produced when using melibiase
enzyme. J.C. Linden, K. A. Estes and P.A. Phelps. 9:10 EI5 Experience with a gas chromatographic method for
betaine in sugarbeets and sugarbeet products. John Hobbis. 9:25 ElO New approaches in betaine analysis. C. L. Lawhead
and G. H. Sisler.
9:40 EI8 Interference of sulfite in the spectrophotometric deter-mination of nitrate. Robert B. Lew.
9:55 Break.
-10: 15 El9 Indirect atomic emission spectrometric method for the determination of sulfur in number six fuel oil. Thomas C. Chadwick.
10:30 El6 Experience with a new amino-N system of analysis utilizing a fluorescent derivative. John Hobbis and Larry Batterman.
10:45 El4 Study of the relation between RDS, oven dry substance and water determination via Karl Fischer. J. R. Cluff, H. Hackett and K. Schoenrock.
11 :05 ES Rapid determination of floe in sugars and syrups.
K.
A. Estes and G. H. Sisler.11 :20 E3 Sucrose crystal habit modification in the presence of impurities. Giorgio Mantovani, Carla Alberta Accorsi and Giuseppe Baccari.
11:35 E20 The fluorometric determination of amino acids in sugarbeets. M. Burba and B. Georgi.
11:55 Discussion.
MONDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 23 Section G, Factory Operations
KINOROOM
Session Leaders: Albert K. Boyden, Jr., and Norman D. Hill S:30 S:40 9:10 9:30 9:50 10:10 10:30 10:50 11:10 11:30 11:50 Announcements.
Gl Knife sharpening. Its effect on diffuser draught and sugar loss. A. E. Dreibholz and J. J. Hanssens.
G2 Continuous microbiological control of diffuser. R. D. Cooke and Laszlo Toth.
G3 Ethylene enhanced diffusion. A.H. Freytag and J.C. Linden.
G2S Recent developments on R.T. 4 diffuser. Georges Duchateau.
Break.
G5 Effects of acid preservation on high moisture beet pulp. A. Dean Howes and E. A. Sauter.
G6 Material technology of liquid ring CO2 compressors. W. D. Watson.
G7 Increased extraction through total cation exchange: I- Ion exchange. Karl Schoenrock and Avinash Gupta. G7 Increased extraction through total cation exchange: II - Waste handling. Karl Schoenrock and Avinash Gupta. GS An efficient deliming process for thin juice. Karl Schoenrock and Avinash Gupta.
-MONDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY 23 Section A, Agronomy CORONADO ROOM Session Leader: Arledge Hill 1:30 Announcements.
1:40 All Basis for interactions of Ethofumesate and Desmed-ipham on sugarbeets and weeds. E. E. Schweizer, Y. Eshel and R. L. Zimdahl.
1:55 Al2 Betanal-Betanex alone or in combination. B. B. Fischer, R. Smith and L. M. Burtch.
2:15 Al3 The performance of herbicides under varying methods of soil incorporation. L. M. Burtch, B. B. Fischer and R. Smith.
2:35 Al4 The use, misuse, and abuse of herbicides in crop pro -duction. B. B. Fischer and L. M. Burtch.
2:55 Break. 3:15 Weed Forum.
MONDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY 23
Section B, Genetics PIZARRO WEST Session Leader: John Hoff 1:30 Announcements.
I :40 B2 Computer procedures used in variety testing by The Great Western Sugar Company. Akio Suzuki, George Mil-liken, Jimmy Widner and Robert Oldemeyer.
1:55 Bll A procedure of automatically screening data prior to or during the statistical analysis. George A. Milliken. 2:15 BIO A single year recurrent selection cycle for improving
sugarbeet root yield. Devon L. Doney and J. C. Theurer. 2:30 Bl9 Estimations of genetic variances and heritabilities by using components of variance from dialle crossing systems. Ralph E. Finkner.
2:45 B31 Recurrent selection in sugarbeets: I. Theory, methods and procedures. R.H. Helmerick.
3:00 B32 Recurrent selection in sugarbeets. II. Results of two cycles. R. A. Mohror.
3:20 Break.
3:40 Bl7 The inheritance of curly top resistance. J. C. Theurer, D. L. Mumford and D. L. Doney.
3:50 Bl3 Breeding sugarbeet for resistance to yellow wilt. John 0. Gaskill and Roberto Ehrenfeld.
-4: 15 B8 Effect of polyploidy, cytoplasm, and CMS on Rhizoctonia resistance in sugarbeet. R. J. Hecker and E.G. Ruppel. 4:30 Bl4 Tetraploidy in Iran. Iradj Alimoradi.
4:45 Discussion.
MONDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY 23
Section F, Physiology CORTEZ ROOM Session Leader: Roger E. Wyse 1 :30 Announcements.
1 :40 Fl A systematic procedure for studying seedling emergence.
D. F. Wanjura and D. R. Buxton.
2:10 F2 A progress report on use of accumulated heat units for determining sugarbeet seed maturity. F. W. Snyder, G.
Lar-son and G.
J.
Hogaboam.2:25 F3 Relation of field emergence of sugarbeet to emergence through sand in the laboratory. F. W. Snyder, G.
J.
Hoga-boam and Phil Brimhall.
2:40 F29 Effect of plant growth regulators on crop emergence.
Kenneth W. Chisholm, Edward F. Sullivan and Lee Otis
Britt.
2:55 F4 A comparison of several methods for measuring seedling vigor. David F. Ernst.
3:10 Break.
3:30 F5 Measurement of the effect of moisture deficit on sugar-beet seed germination. M.A. Henson, W.R. Akeson, D. G.
Westfall and A. H. Freytag.
3:45 F6 Assisting sugarbeet emergence with chemical crust frac-turing. Steve Thien.
4:00 F7 Anti-crustants for sugarbeet emergence. L. Otis Britt,
K. W. Chisholm and E. F. Sullivan.
4:15 F8 Effects of "Aggresizing," soil stabilizers and planting techniques on sugarbeet emergence. W.W. Rasmussen and
L. D. Kerbs.
4:30 F38 Seedling characteristics and yield potential. Devon
L. Doney and Roger E. Wyse.
4:45 Discussion.
MONDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY 23
Section H, Air and Water Quality KINOROOM
Session Leader: Temple Rowe 1 :30 Announcements.
-1:40 Hl The u e of direct land irrigation for disposal of sugar factory waste water in Idaho. Jack Chamberlain, J. A. Bon-durant and J. H. Smith.
2:00 H2 Source point odor evaluation at Moorhead. Minnesota. D. L. Stewart, I. V. Fordyce and S. E. Bichsel.
2:20 H3 Ambient air odor study at Moorhead, Minnesota. I. V. Fordyce, D. L. Stewart and S. E. Bichsel.
2:40 H4 Separation, dewatering and disposal of sugarbeet trans -port water solids demonstration study. Pete Anderson, Ira V. Fordyce and Donald L. Stewart.
3:00 Break.
3:20 HS A fecal coliform survey in sugarbeet factory condenser water. P. J. Quick and R. W. Brenton.
3:40 H6 Yeast production from flume water. W. E. Schunter, J.C. Linden and T. R. Edgerton.
4:00 H7 Oxygen transfer and aeration of flume water on a liquid solid interface. W. E. Schunter and J.P. Grennan. 4:20 Discussion.
TUESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 24 General Session, All Sections CORONADO AND KINO ROOMS
9:00 Call to order: Hugh G. Rounds, President, American Society a.m. of Sugar Beet Technologists
Presiding: Davis L. Sunderland, Program Chairman Welcome to Arizona: to be announced
President's Address: Hugh G. Rounds
Keynote Address: Dr. L. L. Boger, Dean, College of Agricul -ture and Natural Resources, East Lansing, Michigan Recess
Business Meeting: Report of the Secretary-Treasurer; Com -mittee Reports; Selection of 20th General Meeting site; Other business
TUESDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY 24 Section A, Agronomy CORONADO ROOM Session Leader: Ralph Hettinger 1 :30 Announcements.
l :40 Al5 Growth curve analysis for sugarbeet yield data. Robert 0. Kuehl and John M. Nelson.
1 :50 Al6 New trends in beet receiving equipment. Wendell E. Dunn.
-2:00 Al 7 Evaluation of conservation tillage effectiveness on su gar-beet fields in N. E. Colorado. A. D. Dotzenko.
2:15 Al8 A growing mulch tillage system to reduce wind erosion losses of sugarbeets. K. James Fornstrom and Rex D. Boehnke.
2:35 Al9 Effect of row spacing and method of fertilizer appli ca-tion on yield, quality and nutrition of sugarbeets. D. R. Christenson, C. E. Bricker and R_ Dudley_
2:50 Break.
3:10 A25 Nitrogen use requirements of sugarbeets (a 3-year study). Len D. Kerbs and Terry N. Brown.
3:30 A20 Irrigation scheduling and sugarbeet production. Gary D. Jardine and Sherman D. Fox.
3:50 Discussion.
TUESDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY 24 Section B, Genetics
PIZARRO WEST Session Leader: Garry A. Smith l :30 Announcements.
I :40 B4 Transmission of nematode resistance in alien addition trisomic lines in sugarbeet. J. Alanko, T. Tsuchiya, C. Nakamura and R. K. Oldemeyer.
1:55 BS Meiosis of nematode-resistant trisomics. C. Nakamura and T. Tsuchiya.
2: 10 B6 Meiosis of diploid sugarbeets resistant to nematode. T. Tsuchiya and C. Nakamura.
2:25 B7 Pachytene analysis of sugar beet chromosomes. T. Tsuchiya and C. Nakamura.
2:40 B20 Cytogenetics and breeding studies in diploid nematode resistant sugarbeets. Helen Savitsky.
3:00 Break.
3:20 Breeders Forum.
TUESDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY 24
Section C, Entomology and Plant Pathology CORTEZ ROOM
Session Leader: W. M. Bugbee I :30 Announcements.
I :40 ClO The inOuence of several fungicide treatments on su gar-beet production from resistant and susceptible varieties grown under cerospora leaf spot conditions in ea tern Arizona. A. D. Jenkins, L. M. Burtch and J. D. Schulke.
2:00 Cl 1 Effect of benomyl on in \·itro and in vivo biology of benomyl-tolerant strains of Cercospora beticola. E.G.
Rup-pel and Susan Petersen.
2:15 Cl2 New seed treatment fungicides against the seedling
disease complex of sugarbeets. Y. M. Yun and R. K. Schafer.
2:30 Cl3 Tests with fungicides to control rhizoctonia crown
disease in sugarbeets. C. L. Schneider, H. S. Potter and D. L. Reichard.
2:45 Cl4 Rapid laboratory determination of sugarbeet varietal
resistance to Rhizoctonia solani. C. Lee Campbell and J. Altman.
3:00 Break.
3:20 Plant Pathology Forum.
TUESDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY 24
Section G, Factory Operation
KINOROOM
Session Leaders: Johan Jongens and Charles S. Gassaway
I :30 Announcements.
I :40 G9 Rapid flocculation of clarifier under-flow mud particles. Vel M. Jesic.
2:00 GlO Uses of magnesium to reduce lime salts and contribute
to molasses exhaustion. J. C. Melville, J. M. Beatty and L. T. Zanto.
2:20 Gll Factory material balance via computer related to heat balance and factory operation. Julian R. Johnson.
2:40 Gl2 The application of a computer to supply heat balance
visibility to factory operation. Sylvester M. Heiner.
3:00 Gl3 Automation and computer control of the factory lab
-oratory. P. W. van der Poel, N. H. M. de Visser, C. Bleijen-berg and J. Konings.
3:25 Break.
3:45 Gl4 Barometric condensers, good and bad. J.C. Ziegler.
4:05 Gl5 Advances in automatic batch type centrifugals with
variable speed DC drive. Stig Widen.
4:25 Gl6 Use of high pressure steam in the sugar industry.
Wil-helm Leibig.
4:50 Gl7 Quality assurance - Latest developments. David B.
Wuchert.
WEDNESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 25
Section C, Entomology and Plant Pathology CORONADO ROOM
Session Leader: F.
J
.
Hills 108:30 8:40 8:55 9:05 9:15 9:35 9:45 10:00 10:20 10:35 10:50 11:05 11:20 11:35 Announcements.
Cl Low rates of sulfur against powdery mildew on sugar-beets in the Imperial Valley, California. D. G. Kontaxis. C2 Hosts of the sugarbeet powdery mildew fungus. E. G.
Ruppel and Barbara Tomasovic.
C3 Longevity of the vegetative stage of Erysiphe polygoni (betae) on sugarbeet leaves and seed. E.G. Ruppel.
C4 Sulfur for the control of powdery mildew of sugarbeet.
F. J. Hills, D. H. Hall and G. L. Peterson.
CS Control of sugarbet powdery mildew with Bupirimate.
L. W. Stephenson, S. R. Siemer and M. W. Cammack.
C6 Efficiency of three systemic fungicides as seed treat-ments and side dressing for control of powdery mildew on
sugarbeets. Carol A. Frate and L. D. Leach.
Break.
C7 Effect and interaction of yellows viruses and powdery mildew on yield of sugar beet varieties. L 0. Skoyen, R. T. Lewellen, F. J. Hills and J. S. Mcfarlane.
CS The relationship of age of plants and resistance to a severe isolate of the curly top virus. J. E. Duffus and L 0. Skoyen.
C9 Cultivar blends as a means of buffering against both curly top and leaf spot diseases of sugarbeets. R. E. Finkner. Cl5 Sugarbeet storage rot in the Red River Valley, 1974-76.
W. M. Bugbee and D. F. Cole.
Cl6 A study of sugarbeet storage piles and piling grounds to determine fungi populations and methods of control. William
Miles, Donald S. Marshall, F. P. Beck, Jr., and A. Kent
Nielson.
Discussion.
WEDNESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 25
Section F, Physiology CORTEZ ROOM
Session Leader: Walter R. Akeson
8:30 Announcements.
8:40 F9 SUBGOL: a dynamic, integrative physiology model of
the sugarbeet crop. R. S. Loomis, W. F. Hunt and E. Ng.
9: 10 FlO Investigation of the basis of high growth partitioning
ratio (CPR) in sugarbeet. Donald R. Geiger, Kathleen Long
and F. W. Snyder.
9:25 Fll The effect of increasing net carbon exchange on the
partitioning of photosynthate in sugarbeet. Roger E. Wyse.
9:40 ES Calculator controlled data monitoring system. Randall
Ames, Charles Schmalz and Frank Beck. - 11
-9:55 10:10 10:30 10:45 11:00 11: 15 11:30 11 :45
Fl3 The interaction of storage root and shoot during sugar-beet development. H. Rapoport and R. S. Loomis.
Break.
FI4 itrogcn. photosynthesis and productivity. Norman Terry and Albert Ulrich.
Fl5 Seedling leaf growth-rate in growth chamber as selec-tion technique for increasing root yield potential. F. W. Snyder and Gerald E. Coe.
FI6 Seedling root growth-rate in growth chamber as a measure of inherent root yield potential. F. W. Snyder. Fl 7 Gas exchange characteristics of selected sugarbeet genotypes. R. E. Witters, Roger E. Wyse, Devon Doney and J. Clair Theurer.
Fl8 Growth response of sugarbeets to carbon dioxide enriched environment. Reuven M. Sacher.
Discussion.
WEDNESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 25
Section H, Air and Water Quality KINOROOM 8:30 8:40 9:00 9:20 9:40 10:00 10:20 10:40 11:00
Session Leader: J. P. Abbott Announcements.
H8 The application of wet scrubbers to pulp dryers with recirculation of dryer gases. L. Douglas Russell and George S. Benford.
H9 Agglomeration and removal of flue dust in the koch scrubbers. W. E. Schunter.
HIO Pulp dryer scrubber tales. R. C. Johnson. Hll Dry dust collectors for pulp driers. J.E. A. Rich. Break.
HI2 Employee protection from high sound levels. C. L. Gassaway.
HI3 An octave band analysis of high noise source. G. W. Emerson, I. V. Fordyce and D. L. Stewart.
Discussion.
WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY 25 Section A, Agronomy
CORONADO ROOM
Session Leader: Phil Brimhall 1:30 Announcements.
1 :40 A21 Soil nitrate and the response of sugar beets to fertilizer nitrogen. F. J. Hills.
2:00 A22 Relationship of brei nitrate to sugarbeet yields. Mada-line G. Barnes and Dwayne G. Westfall.
2: 15 A23 The relationship between the brei nitrate and sugar content of sugarbeets. Dwayne G. Westfall and Madaline G. Barnes.
2:35 A24 Preliminary survey of irrigation water sources for the presence of nitrate nitrogen, particularly in the Salinas Valley (California). George W. Wheatley.
2:50 A26 Long-term barnyard manure, green manure, and inorganic N applications influence sugarbeet yield and quality. A. D. Halvorson and G. P. Hartman.
3:05 A27 Comparison of nitrate methods for use in plant analy -sis. Albert Ulrich and F. J. Hills.
3:25 Break.
3:45 A28 Soil nitrate distribution and variability in commercial farm fields of Eastern Colorado. A. E. Ludwick, J. 0. Reuss and P. N. Soltanpour.
4:00 A29 Preventing manganese deficiency and supplying nitro-gen for sugarbeets through row fertilizer. Marion E. Kroetz and Walter H. Schmidt.
4:20 A30 The effects of nitrogen fertilization and plant spacing on the performance of high and intermediate sucrose sugar-beet hybrids. John J. Kern.
4:35 A31 Nitrogen relationships in sugarbeet soils. D. G. West-fall and M.A. Henson.
4:50 Discussion.
WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY25 Section E, Chemistry
KINOROOM Session Leader: J. C. Linden 1 :30 Announcements.
I :40 G4 Yeast growth in sugarbeet by-products. W. E. Schunter, J.C. Linden andJ. P. Grennan.
1 :55 El3 Data Processing for process control. Stanley G. Webster. 2:55 El 7 Use of the automatic alkalimeter for carbonation
con-trol at the Spreckels Woodland factory. Martin T. Quinlan. 2:40 E7 Saccharate cake purity versus molasses composition.
M. G. Auth, C. L. Lawhead and G. H. Sisler.
2:55 E4 Floe removal by adsorbent resins. Charles L. Schmalz. 3:10 Break.
3:30 E9 Relationship of mare composition to beet quality and processability. M. G. Auth and G. H. Sisler.
3:45 El2 Some effects of sample type and handling procedures on sugarbeet purity and quality analyses. S. S. Martin and R. J. Hecker.
-4:00 E6 Osmotic pressure - A potential tool for plant breeders.
F. P. Beck, Jr., Jan Karr and Kent Nielson.
4:15 El A preview of the Holly Sugar automated beet laboratory. David M. Duncan, Gary Olson and Otis Willowby. 4:30 Gl9 Monitoring products produced from hydolysis of rafa
-nose in the mclibiase process. J. C. Linden, K. A. Estes and P.A. Phelps.
4:45 Discussion.
WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY 25 Section F, Physiology
CORTEZ ROOM
Session Leader: Edward E. Schweizer 1 :30 Announcements.
1 :40 F26 The future of plant growth regulators relative to sugar-bects. R. P. Upchurch.
2: 10 F27 Polaris. D. Brown.
2:40 F28 Growth regulators and sugarbeet production systems.
E. F. Sullivan, L. 0. Britt and K. W. Chisholm.
2:55 F31 Effect of soil-injected ethylene on yield of sugarbeets. Robert E. Dennis, Leonard
J.
Francl, Arthur H. Freytag and David K. Parsons.3:10 Break.
3:30 F32 Sugar diffusion and cell wall properties as affected by ethylene. A.H. Freytag and J.C. Linden.
3:45 F33 Effect of growth regulators on hail-injured beets. K. W. Chisholm, E. F. Sullivan and L. 0. Britt.
4:00 F34 Results of FMC 28979 plant growth regulator on sugar-beets. A. Eugene Parshall.
4:15 F37 Results from the use of LlOl. Del Traveller, Len Kerbs and J. Dan Stallings.
4:30 Discussion.
THURSDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 26
Section C, Entomology and Plant Pathology CORONADO ROOM
Session Leader: G. D. Griffin 8:30 Announcements.
8:40 C20 Chemical control of sugarbeet cyst nematode rn the Imperial Valley, California. D. G. Kontaxis and Peter Yu. 8:55 C21 Effect of nonhost crops on population dynamics of
Heterodera schachtiz'. G. D. Griffin.
9:10 9:20 9:35 9:50 10:05 10:25 10:40 10:55 11:10 11:20 11:30 11:45
C22 A simple system for collecting soil in sugarbeet cyst nematode infested fields. I.
J.
Thomason and H. E. McKinney.C23 Population dynamics of Heterodera schachtii in the Imperial Valley of California as influenced by crop rotation. I. J. Thomason,
J.
Rich and H. E. McKinney.C24 Combinations of fumigant and non-fumigant nemat-icides for control of Trichodorus and Meloidogyne spp. attacking sugarbeets. I. J. Thomason, L. Burtch, R. Smith and D. Woodruff.
C25 Soil and foliar applications of insecticides for mite control. A. W. Richards and W. Butts.
Break.
C26 In-furrow application of insecticides for control of
sugarbeet root maggot. Y. M. Yun and R. K. Schafer. C27 Sugarbeet root maggot control with various methods of insecticide incorporation. C. C. Burkhardt and K.
J.
Fornstrom.C28 Biology and control of the root maggot in the Red River Valley. A. W. Anderson.
Cl 7 The control of erwinia root rot of sugar beet by selec-tion. E. D. Whitney and R. T. Lewellan.
Cl8 Control of green peach aphid on sugarbeet with Pirimor (pirimicarb). S. R. Siemer, L. W. Stephenson and M. W. Cammack.
Cl9 Ecological consideration in the control of the green peach aphid as a vector of beet western yellows virus. G.
Tamaki, L. Fox and B. A. Butt.
Discussion.
THURSDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 26 Section F, Physiology CORTEZ ROOM Session Leader: Darrell F. Cole 8:30 8:40 9:10 9:25 9:40 9:55 10:10 Announcements.
F20 Storage of sugarbeets in air supported "bubble" ware-house structures. Sherman D. Fox and Douglas Watts. F21 Temperature profile studies of sugarbeet sLOrage piles in the Red River Valley. R. E. Watkins and R. A. Steen. F22 Deep frozen sugarbeet storage. E. L. Swift.
F23 Effect of chilling injury and fluctuating temperatures on quality deterioration during storage. Roger E. Wyse. F30 Effect of chemicals on sucrose loss in sugarbeets during storage. W.R. Akeson, A. H. Freytag and E. F. Sullivan. Break.
-11:00 11 :30 10:30
10:45
Fl9 Storage of sugar beets in USSR. I. A. Gavva. Discussion.
F24 Changes in resident bacteria, pH, sucrose, and invert sugar levels in sugarbeet roots during storage. D. F. Cole and W. M. Bugbee.
F25 A computer simulation model to aid in the design and management of sugarbeet storage structures. Roger E. Wyse and Russell M. Holdredge.
THURSDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY26 Section G, Factory Operations
8:30 8:40 9:00 9:20 9:40 10:00 10:20 10:40 11:00 11:20 11:40 KINOROOM
Session Leaders: Somers Moore and Alfred G. Frost Announcements.
Gl8 The use of the enzyme melibiase at the Kitami, Japan and Billings, Montana factories. Shigeki Hashimoto and Brooks M. Stein.
G20 Operation of RT continuous saccharate process. G. W. Miles, Jr., J.E. A. Rich and J.E. Wilson.
G21 The Great Western continuous saccharate process. John S. Angelos.
G22 A new continuous Steffen process. Karl Schoenrock and Chia-lung Hsieh.
Break.
G23 An evaluation of cold saccharate filtration. John S. Angelos and David E. Martin.
G24 A new reheating system for the cold saccharate filtrate. R. Pieck.
G25 Application of reverse osmosis in treating Steffen waste. Thomas H. Henscheid, Anette Matheson and Karl Schoenrock.
G26 Points of view of 12 years handling and storing of white sugar in a Weibull conditioner and blender and some experience from new Weibul units. Michael J. Bowers. G27 Pressing of beet trash (tails, tops, leaves) and press water fines. Per Mathismoen.
DESCRIPTIVE BRIEFS OF PAPERS
PRESENTED IN THIS PROGRAM
AGRONOMY
Al R. L. Sailsbery, F. J. Hills and R. S. Rauschkolb
On a soil testing 18ppm (dry wt.) P, and pH of 6.4, seedling response to 5 tons/acre waste lime was equivalent to the response
-from 45 lb P205 acre from single super phosphate. Ten tons of waste lime per acre gave maximum seedling response and was equivalent to 94 lbs P205 fertilizer phosphorus. Effects of treatments on harvest
yield will be presented.
A2
J.
Etchevers and J. T. MoraghanField experiments were conducted during 1974 and 197'.°i to determine the extent and nature of phosphorus-fertilizer responses in the Red River Valley. Percentage increases in sugar and roots to phosphorus fertilizer on "low" testing soils were small at the end of the growing season. In contrast, early season responses by roots and tops
to phosphorus fertilizer were very marked on such soils. Results of a plant-analysis survey of 112 commercial fields will be discussed 111
relationship to the research work.
A3 G. Varvel, F. N. Anderson and G. A. Peterson
A significant portion of the soil tested in a three-year survey
would have received widely different P fertilizer recommendations if tested by the Olsen NaHC03 method as compared to the recom
-mendations by the standard Nebraska test (Bray o. I). Questions therefore arose concerning the accuracy of the present calibrations
of both tests for the soils of western Nebraska. During 1974 and 1975, eighteen sites were chosen for P rate experiments based on their range in soil test P level. Results from 1974 indicated that recalibration of both the Bray and NaHC03 methods was needed. This paper is a summarization of the 1974 and 1975 findings in regard to the recali-bration.
A4 F. N. Anderson and G. A. Peterson
Radioactive isotope 32P was placed at four locations in
rela-tion to seed placement at planting time. Placements were 2" below and 2" to the side of the seed, seed level and 2" to the side, 2" directly below the seed and 4" directly below the seed. Plant samples were taken at 5, 13, 20, 27 and 34 days after planting and were analyzed for 32P content. Placements below the seed resulted in very large early
uptake for 32P while the more conventional 2" below and 2" to the side
resulted in low 32P uptake even after 34 days.
A5 G. A. Peterson, F. N. Anderson and G. Varvel
Results of P soil tests by the Bray #I and Olsen NaHC03
methods were compared with the POrP content of beet leaf petioles
sampled at midseason. Less than
3%
of the fields sampled had petiole PO~-P levels below 750 ppm, the established critical level, even when soil tests indicated a deficiency was highly probable at 18% of the sites. Lack of agreement between the tissue analysis and the soil tests led to the conclusion that the present interpretation of the soil tests is in error and or that the reported critical level of 750 ppm PO~-P in beet petioles is too low.A6 R. K. Pfeiffer
This paper summarizes laboratory and field research on Nonron in Europe. The evidence is based on over one thousand field
experiments in 23 European countries conducted over 2 years. The differences between the use of Nortron in the United States and
Europe are discussed. Some of the herbicidal properties of Nonron are reviewed in relation to their influence on the use of this herbicide
in sugarbeet in different climatic regions and in different weed popu-lations.
A7
J. Dan Stallings
A 3-year study involving Nortron used in several phases of sugarbeet culture will be presented. Varying application rates and incorporation methods were examined under pre, post, lay-by and sequential applications. Fall applied Nortron will be discussed as a
control for weeds and volunteer grain in spring sugarbeets. Varying cultural practices affected Nortron residual on wheat following sugar beets.
AS Alan G. Dexter
EPTC, U-27 ,267, H-22234, ethofumesate, and ethofume-sate
+
TCA were incorporated with a rototiller set to till 0, 1, 2, and 4 inches deep. EPTC, H-22234, and ethofumesate were applied with-out incorporation and were incorporated immediately and after delays of 30 minutes, 1, 4, 8, and 24 hours. The experiments wereconducted at two locations for two years. Incorporation improved the performance of all herbicides. EPTC performance improved with deeper incorporation and more immediate incorporation. Delayed
incorporation did not reduce weed control from ethofumesate or H-22234. The two inch incorporation was adequate for ethofumesate, H-22234, and U-27,267.
A9 W. L. Ekins
C 8438 (2-ethoxy-2, 3-dihydro-3, 3-dimethyl-5-benzo -furanyl methanesulphonate) was tested extensively during 1975 in grower fields under an Environmental Protection Agency Experi-mental Use Permit for preemergence control of weeds in sugarbeets.
These tests were conducted in all regions of sugar beet production. At recommended rates, NC 8438 showed excellent crop selectivity. Occasional "leaf fusion" was observed during early crop growth stages;
however, this effect was transient and disappeared 6 to 8 weeks after application. Crop stand was unaffected by the NC 8438 treatment. AlO
J. H. Dawson
In the irrigated area of Washington where barnyardgrass, lambsquarter, pigweed, and hairy nightshade are the predominant weeds in sugarbeets, it was possible to bring sugarbeets to thinning
-free of weeds by the use of postemergence herbicides only. Treat -ments were combined and sequential applications of phenmediphan. desmediphan, and HOE-23408.
Al I E. E. Schweizer, Y. Eshel and R. L. Zimdahl
Sugarbeets ('Mono-Hy A I') and three weed species treated
with postemergence mixtures of ethofumesate and desmedipham
showed a synergistic response to these herbicides. The main factor
responsible for the synergistic interaction appeared to be the enhance -ment of desmedipham penetration when applied with ethofumesate.
The rate of desmedipham penetration was positively correlated with
the concentration of its formulants (solvents and adjuvants) in the
spraying emulsion, and to a lesser extent with the formulants of
etho-fumesate. Increasing spray volume also increased desmedipham pene -tration. Penetration of ethofumesate was not affected by any of these factors.
Al2 B. B. Fischer, R. Smith and L. M. Burtch
Betanal has become a most useful herbicide for post-emer
-gency control of winter annual broadleaf weeds. Recently, Betanex
has proven to be more effective than Betanal against certain summer annual broadleaf species. The two products are similar in behavior but each has some advantage over the other. The advantages of each product used singly or in combination are discussed.
Al3 L. M. Burtch, B. B. Fischer and R. Smith
Herbicides must be incorporated into the soil in order to obtain reliable weed control in the semi arid areas of California where most of the sugarbeet acreage is planted. Power driven rotary tillers have been accepted as the most effective incorporation tools. But other tools with lower energy requirements have been tested in recent years. Variations of the rolling cultivator have been shown to be effective in lighter textured soils especially with several recently introduced herbicides.
AI4 B. B. Fischer and L. M. Burtch
Selective herbicides are used by nearly all sugarbeet growers in California. Weed control costs have been significantly reduced by the judicious use of a selective herbicide program. Unfortunately, the
expansion of herbicide usage has been accompanied by too many
examples of abuse and misuse. The end result has too often been
erratic performance, increased production costs and in extreme cases complete loss of the crop. Continued use of a single herbicide in several rotation crops is creating problems that may be more serious than the initial problems the herbicide was designed to correct.
Al5 Robert 0. Kuehl and John M. Nelson
Growth curves are often used as response variables to indicate
the effects of cultural treatments. In this study, the same plots were
-measured for growth al each of the particular time periods through-out the season. which presents special difficulties in the statistical analysis. Observations are correlated from one time LO the next, and for purposes of estimating parameters of growth equations, chis cor-relation must be taken inw account.
Al6 Wendell E. Dunn
Rapidly changing technology has produced revised grower objectives, revised machinery for harvesting and delivering beets, and revised thinking by sugar technologists. This has resulted in changed requirements for beet receiving equipment. The stale of the an has been improved by use of new equipment.
Al7 A. D. Dotzenko
Rotary-strip tillage and plow tillage practice was evaluated on commercial sugarbeel farms in Northeastern Colorado with regards to its effectiveness at reducing wind erosion and long term effects on soil properties. Minimum tilled plots when sufficient residue is avail-able will permit sugarbeet production on soils considered too susceptible to wind erosion with conventional tillage. Minimum tilled plots when compared lo conventional tilled plots had higher water infiltration rates indicating less soil compaction. Minimum tilled fields produced on an average of 2 tons more beets per acre than conventional tilled fields. Sucrose and purity percentages and recoverable sucrose were similar.
Al8 K. James Fornstrom and Rex D. Boehnke
The development of a cultural system which employs a grow-ing barley mulch to protect sugarbeets durgrow-ing stand establishment will be outlined. Cultural practices for the mulch system as well as comparisons of this system with conventional practices with regard lo wind erosion potential, stand establishment, water use, energy requirement and yield will be presented.
Al9 D.R. Christenson, C. E. Bricker and R. Dudley
A field study to measure the effect of row spacing and method of fertilizer application was conducted over a period of 3 years. Row spacings of 14, 19 and 28 inches were grown in combination with 0, 33, 50, 66 and 100 percent of the fertilizer band applied. Yield and recoverable sugar were greater on the 19 inch rows than 14 and 28 inch rows and these yields were least on 28 inch rows. Method of fer-tilizer application had no effect on yield of beets or sugar or nutrient content of petioles. Adjustment of populations within row appeared to have little effect on yield or quality.
A20 Gary D . .Jardine and Sherman D. Fox
In 1974 at Wray in Eastern Colorado, we compared normal irrigation practices for the area lO irrigations scheduled using moisture
20
depletion data. Four fields were used with test areas S6 to 80 rows wide and ¼to½ mile long in which each treatment was 8 rows wide. Solar radiation, temperature, and effecti\'C rainfall data were used to schedule the irrigations. After each irrigation. the increase in soil moisture was determined to allow the scheduling of successive irri-gations.
A21 F.
J.
HillsThe response of sugarbeets to nitrogen fertilization was determined at 20 locations in California. Fertilizer N required for maximum sucrose yield varied from Oto 240 lb N/acre. Nitrate-Nin soil, determined at the time of fertilization, varied from 32 to 428 lb N/acre 3 feet. When N03-N/acre 3 feet was 220 lb or more, only one of five crops responded to fertilizer N. At lower soil nitrate levels, the correlation with crop response was poor. The use of soil nitrate deter-minations as an aid to the management of N fertilizer will be discussed.
A22 Madaline G. Barnes and Dwayne G. Westfall
Using brei nitrate data taken on grower tare samples from the 1974 harvest, polynomial regression equations were generated to establish a relationship between nitrate ratings and root and sugar yields. The resulting curves show that the lower nitrate ratings cor-respond not only to higher sugar percent, but also to higher tons per acre of root yield. These results should be helpful in convincing growers of the benefits of careful nitrogen control.
A23 D. G. Westfall and M. G. Barnes
The nitrate content of sugarbeets at harvest (brei nitrate) was measured to establish a numerical relationship between brei nitrate, which is a function of soil nitrogen availability, and sugar content. The correlation coefficient between harvest date, brei nitrate and sugar content for individual factories was as high as . 93 and was over .50 for 75 percent of the factories. Using a grower's average harvest date and brei nitrate rating, relationships were developed to deter-mine the change in sugar content a grower can expect if his brei nitrate deviates from factory average as a result of excessive or insuf-ficient nitrogen fertilization. This relationship varied between factories. Consequently, the brei nitrate-sugar content change data had to be independently developed for each factory.
A24 George W. Wheatley
Several sources (wells, rivers, canals) of irrigation water have been tested and more than half of the sources tested contain measur-able quantities of nitrate nitrogen. Tests indicate the nitrate nitrogen in the water is readily available to sugarbeets. Information from the survey suggests high nitrate nitrogen producing wells influence sugar-beet yield and quality.
-A25 Len D. Kerbs and Terry N. Brown
Nitrogen fertilizer experiments conducted in southcentral Idaho fields during 1973-75 will be discussed. A new technique in determining the Nitrogen Requirement Factor for sugarbeets (pounds of nitrogen utilized per ton of beets for maximum sugar per acre) was found. Soil test nitrate-nitrogen related closely with various yield parameters.
A26 A. D. Halvorson and G. P. Hartman
Our objective was to evaluate the longterm effects of using various rates of organic (barnyard manure, 10 and 30 tons/acre, and green manure crops, alfalfa and biennial sweet clover) and inorganic (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, and 500 lb N/acre) nitrogen sources on sugarbeet yield and quality in a sugarbeet-small grain rotation. Treatments having the highest average gross sucrose yields for a 6-year period, in order of decreasing yield, are: 10 tons barnyard manure/acre, biennial sweet clover plowed under the second year, and 100 lbs inor -ganic N/acre. Residual N03-N has accumulated in the 4-ft soil pro
-file of the 300, 400, and 500 lbs inorganic N/acre treatments and in the 30 tons barnyard manure
+
100 lbs inorganic N/acre treatment. Results of this study indicate that either barnyard or green manure can be used successfully as a source of N for quality sugarbeet produc-tion.A27 Albert Ulrich and F. J. Hills
Sets of eight sugarbeet petiole samples, ranging from about 100 to 11,000 ppm of nitrate-N, on the dry basis, were analyzed for nitrate-N on three separate days by three analytical methods, nitrate electrode, phenoldisulfonic acid and hach, in two separate labora-tories for each method and compared to a newly developed colorimetric method, using diphenylamine reagent. Agreement of sample values above 2,000 ppm nitrate-N was excellent among laboratories and for all four methods. Agreement of samples with about 1,000 ppm of nitrate-Nor less was not good among laboratories and methods, with accuracy for all but the diphenylamine method questionable in this lower range of values.
A28 A. E. Ludwick, J. 0. Reuss and P. N. Soltanpour
Twenty-six farm fields in northeastern Colorado were sys-tematically sampled for nitrate nitrogen in 1974 and 1975 prior to planting sugarbeets. Individual farm fields ranged widely in nitrate content, from less than 20 to greater than 400 lbs N03-N. Distribu
-tion across fields appeared to be randomly variable and not related to position within the field. Nitrate content generally decreased with depth which is consistent with previous findings in separate studies. Values of individual cores were not symctrically distributed about the mean in many cases, but skewed to the high side. Fields resampled in
-the spring tended to contain greater nitrate amounts than found the previous fall although in most cases the increases were relatively small. A29 Marion E. Kroetz and Walter H. Schmidt
Sugarbeets are grown in Ohio on poorly drained fine textured soils. Plants are often deficient in both nitrogen and manganese very early in the growing season. Adding to the problem is the possibility of having excess nitrogen later in the growing season that lowers sugar-beet quality. Row fertilizer placed 2 inches directly between the seed or no more than 1 inch to the side and 2 inches below the seed has increased yield 5 to 7 tons per acre when compared to no row fertilizer. A program using a row fertilizer to prevent a manganese deficiency resulted in optimum tonnage without the risk of lowering quality. A30 John J. Kern
Four tests were conducted in 1974 and 1975 at East Grand Forks, Minnesota to determine the differential effects of plant spac-ing and nitrogen fertilization on the performance of an intermediate vs. a high sucrose sugarbeet hybrid. In the two plant spacing trials distances between plants of six, nine, 12 and 15 inches were compared. In the two nitrogen fertilization trials rates of O, 60, 120, and 180 pounds nitrogen per acre were evaluated. Two dates of harvest were compared in each of the nitrogen trials. In 1974 the variety x spacing interaction was not significant for root yield or sucrose content. Like -wise no significant nitrogen rate x variety interaction was noted for root yield or percent sucrose at either date of harvest in 1974. Data frQm 1975 tests is not available at the time of this writing.
A31 D. G. Westfall, M.A. Henson and Andrew Torrez The nitrogen relationships in fields where sugarbeets were growing was investigated in 1974 and 1975 in Colorado, Nebraska and Kansas. Deep soil samples (0-5 ft) were taken and analyzed for nitrate-nitrogen. The first sampling date was in late March or early April before planting and continued at approximately three-week intervals throughout the growing season until harvest. The concentration on nitrate-nitrogen increased dramatically as the growing season pro -gressed, reaching maximum levels during late June or early July. After this time, the nitrate-nitrogen level in the soil decreased to expected levels by harvest time. Maximum concentrations of nitrate -nitrogen during June or July generally exceeded several hundred pounds per acre in a 5 ft profile. On light textured soils, the build-up of nitrate during the first part of the growing season was not observed, i.e., a steady decline in available nitrogen occurred from planting to harvest. This type of nitrogen depletion during the growing season has previously been considered to be typical as contracted to an increase in nitrate availability during the first part of the growing season which reaches a maximum in June or July followed by a rapid
-decrease which was found to occur on the \·ast majority of fields sampled. The relationship of these trends to mineralizable nitrogen and crop yield will be discussed.
GENETICS AND VARIETY IMPROVEMENT
Bl Akio Suzuki
Previously, we reported differences between cytoplasm sources in controlling male-sterility. A different set of inbred lines was, in this study, crossed to the seven sources of cytoplasm having a uniform genetic background. The results confirmed that differences in cytoplasm sources cause differences in percentage castration.
B2 Akio Suzuki, George Milliken, Jimmy Widner and Robert
Oldemt:yer
A computerized system developed by The Great Western Sugar Company is applied to testing sugarbeet varieties in different breeding stages. Versatility and efficiency of this system will be ex-plained from the planning stage to the final summary table for the variety test report.
B3 R. K. Oldemeyer, A. W. Erichsen, W. R. Akeson and A. Suzuki
Although the raffinose content of freshly harvested beets seems quite small, when it is considered in relationship to sugar pur -chased and not received by a company, the dollar value is significant. Our raffinose analyses indicate that a modification of the hybrid pedigree could easily make a
+
or - 6 cents per ton difference in average purchase price.B4 J. V. Alanko, T. Tsuchiya, C. Nakamura and R. K.
Oldemeyer
Trisomic lines (2n
=
19), resistant to the sugarbeet cyst nematode, were developed from Beta vulgaris-procumbens hybrids by U.S.D.A. (Savitsky, 1975).Of7183 plants in the progenies of tri-somics, 968 plants ( 13.5%) were resistant. Chromosomes were studied in 306 of the 968 plants with the following results: 244 (80%) were trisomics, 50 ( 16%) were diploids, 4 ( 1.3%) tetraploid, 8 (2.6%) chimacras. Twelve of the 40 diploid resistant plants were rescreened a fourth time and four plants were confirmed as resistant. Only 4 (I.I%) of 353 plants in the progenies of these four resistant diploids were resistant. Chromosome counts on three of the four plants reveal one plant diploid, one 3x and one 4x. Of 217 plants in recent U.S.D.A. release of resistant diploids, 84 plants (38. 7 % ) were resistant. Chro-mosome study in 17 of 84 plants showed that 15 plants were diploid,l plant trisomic and another one chimaera.
- 24
-,,
B5 C. Nakamura and T. Tsuchiya
The extra chromosome of Beta procumbens in the trisomic plants resistant to nematode remain as a univalent at diakinesis and meta phase I in most of the sporocytes. However. definite trivalent for-mation was seldom observed at diakinesis. This explains the cause of the occurrence of resistant diploids in the progeny of resistant tri-somics. The chromosomal distribution was 9-10 or 9-1-9 at anaphase
I (AI). The univalent divided at telophase I in some sporocytes. The low transmission rate of the resistant trisomics is ascribed to the elim-ination of the extra chromosome in meiosis.
B6 T. Tsuchiya and C. Nakamura
Meiosis of three resistant diploid plants obtained in the progeny of resistant trisomics was studied. Chromosome behavior of resistant diploid plants were abnormal with the occurrence of pre-cocious separation of a bivalent or univalents. One of these three plants showed a paracentric inversion with relatively high frequency of bridge-fragment at anaphase-1 and -II. Several other abnormalities were observed in meiosis of diploid resistant plants. The low transmis-sion rate of resistant plants in the progeny of resistant diploid plants is ascribed, at least partly. to the meiotic abnormalities.
B7 T. Tsuchiya and C. Nakam_ura
Chromosomes of sugarbeet were studied in mid-prophase. Pachytene and early diplotene chromosomes have very clear differen-tiation of eu-and heterochromatin and also have some characteristic land mark of darkly stained heterochromatic knobs. Each individual chromosome will be recognized at pachytene stage. The site of nema-tode-resistant gene was also suggested by the presence of unpaired segment in pachytene chromosome of resistant diploid plant. A dia-gram of the pachytene karyotype will be presented.
BS R.
J.
Hecker and E.G. RuppelOur data indicate a dosage effect for rhizoctonia resistance in triploid hybrids. We found no maternal effects on the level of resistance, nor any effect due to the presence of cytoplasmic male sterility factors. Breeding implications will be discussed.
B9 R. T. Lewellen, I. 0. Skoyen and
J.
S. McfarlaneThe use, comparison. and preliminary results of several early generation progeny test methods within self-fertile monogerm sugarbeet populations will be presented. The adaptation of these methods to various types of recurrent selection for disease resistance. sugar yield, sucrose concentration. and purity will be discussed. BIO Devon L. Doney and J.C. Theurer
The hypocotyl diameter of 3-week old sugarbeet seedlings was found to be highly correlated with root yield. Selections for large
-hypocotyl diameters significantly increased root yield. A recurrent selection program for root yield was developed using the hypocotyl diameter technique as a testing criterion for combining ability. Using this technique, a full recurrent cycle was achieved in one year.
Bll George A. Milliken
The procedure for screening data consists of obtaining an unbiased estimate of the sample variance from a censored sample, i.e., after eliminating the largest value or values and the smallest value or values from the whole sample. The estimate of the sample variance is then used to compute screening limits for the data. The procedure for obtaining the unbiased estimate and its use in screen
-ing data from a replicated experiment will be described.
Bl3 J. 0. Gaskill and Roberto Ehrenfeld
Results obtained in field tests in 1972-73 and 1973-74 at the Estacion Experimental La Platina near Santiago, Chile, showed con-clusively that progress had been made in breeding sugarbeet for resistance to yellow wilt. Although the level of resistance attained thus far in breeding lines is not high. the prospects are good for further improvement and for eventual control of this highly destructive dis-ease through breeding.
Bl5 Gerald E. Coe and Harry Menser
Two cycles of selecting seedlings for ozone susceptibility and for ozone resistance were made starting with the multigerm pollinator variety SP6822-0. Selections in both directions were successful. There was associated with the selections a difference in percent sucrose and percent of nonsucrose solutes. The ozone susceptible selections were significantly lower in content of nonsucrose solutes. The second cycle ozone resistant selection was significantly lower in percent sucrose.
Bl6 Gerald E. Coe and Dewey Stewart
Nineteen plants of an ecotype of Beta maritima obtained from Denmark were indexed for 0-type by crossing them to male -sterile sugarbeet plants. Ten appeared to be maintainer lines. One· hundred and one plants of the ecotype were also bagged to determine their degree of self-compatibility. Only 17 plants produced more than 20 seeds, while 38 plants were totally self-incompatible.
Bl7 J.C. Theurer, D. L. Mumford and D. L. Doney
Three resistant X each of three susceptible inbreds were !'rossed and the F, and F2 populations were innoculated and evaluated in the ,l!'rcenhouse for curly top resistance. Both additive and non· additive ~t'll · : C'ion was obscr\'cd for resistance. In certain crosses, dominance and or "'list., · pffects were noted.
- 26
Bl8 J.C. Theurer, R. E. Wyse and D. L. Doney
The respiration rate of an 8 X 7 diallcl cross of sugarbeet was measured in each of two years using an automated gas exchange analysis system. Roots from replicated field plots were stored in a growth chamber at 5C and evaluated after 30 and 180 days. There were significant differences between hybrids and between inbred parents. Hybrids had lower respiration rates than their inbred parents
suggesting that there was heterosis for low respiration rate. Highly
significant general and specific combining abilities indicated that respiration rate is conditioned by both additive and non-additive gene action.
Bl9 Ralph E. Finkner
Griffing's classical method for determining general
combin-ing ability and specific combining ability is extended which leads
directly to the estimations of heritability in both the broad and narrow
sense. Converting the mean squares for general combining ability and specific combining ability to percentages gives the plant breeder an easy measuring tool to determine the ·relative impeirtt:inee· of the various
types of gene actions. Likewise, the relative importance of males and
females in the test made can easily be gauged.
B20 Helen Savitsky
Sugarbeet chromosomes carrying the segment of Beta pro· cumbens chromosome arc more readily transferred to the progeny than the complete B. procumbens chromosome. Frequency of trans·
mission of nematode resistance to diploid F2 and F3 generations will
be reported. Transmission of nematode resistance varied in F, plants
from 7 to 27 percent. Insufficient rates of transmission is caused by the loss of B. procumbens segment in some sugarbeet bivalents. Progenies from plants with higher rates of transmission should be selected.
B21 G.
J.
HogaboamThe techniques used in obtaining clones, the problems
encountered in their maintenance and use and their benefit will be discussed.
B28 Garry A. Smith, Susan S. Martin, and Katherine Ash
Models have been developed which account for over 90% of
the variation in purity. Up to 8 independent variables (non sucrose constituents) were included in models studied. Results presented will
cover both years of the two year field study. Consistency of models
over gen01ypes, nitrogen levels, and years will be discussed.
B29 S(T\C'S
Gerald M. Simantel and Donald L. Oldemeyer
CoJ11ponenr. 0f proct>ssing quality were investigated in a commercial <1rictie5. ln..:ludcd was a compa1ison of %
sucrose by pol with three "sucrose specific" methods. The varieties ranged from an open-pollinated, multigerm variety used in the l 940's to the monogerm hybrid variety presently grown. Results of two years will be given.
B30 Jae Ho Kim and Gerald M. Simantel
X-raying of seed has been used as a tool to select against polyembryony in monogerm sugarbeet lines in conjunction with type-0 selection. It can be used to estimate percentage germination. Methods, materials and results from two years of work will be presented. B31 R.H. Helmerick
The general genetic theory behind recurrent selection will be discussed. Methods and procedures used while conducting the two cycles of selection will be reviewed.
B32 R. A. Mohror
Results of 2 cycles of recurrent selection were evaluated by comparing the yield and sucrose percent of three base populations with several advanced populations. Variation in response to selection between populations for tons/Hectare and percent sucrose were attributed to possible inbreeding, non random contribution of parents to synthetics and other factors. Suggestions to improve the system are proposed.
ENTOMOLOGYANDPLANTPATHOLOGY
Cl Demetrios G. KontaxisA powdery mildew epiphytotic on sugarbeets was experienced in the Imperial Valley, California the last two years. Commercially, 35 to 40 pounds of 98% sulfur dust per acre are applied once or twice to control the disease. In a small-plot test, low rates of 98% sulfur dust were tested for disease control. Approximately 94% control was obtained with 15 pounds sulfur per acre, compared to 90-95% control which has been obtained commercially with 40 pounds sulfur per acre. C2 E.G. Ruppel and Barbara Tomasovic
Of 30 species representing 17 genera in 7 families, only Beta spp. were susceptible t0 the sugarbeet powdery mildew fungus. C3 Earl G. Ruppel
Powdery mildew inocula from air-dried, heavily infected sugarbeet leaves stored at room temperature or in a protected area outdoors were noninfectious in monthly inoculations to sugarbeet. Inoculum from leaves buried 15 cm in soil was infectious after 60 but not 90 days of storage outdoors. Seedlings grown from mildew-infested seed did not develop powdery mildew, and beets inoculated with crushed, infested seed remained healthy.
- 28
-I\
C4 F. J. Hills, D. H. Hall and G. L. Peterson
Sulfur applied at first sign of disease (about 10 weeks from emergence) was effective in controlling powdery mildew and increased sugar production 30 percent. Results will be presented to evaluate the effects of sulfur when applied as a wettable formulation at 5 and 10 pounds in 10, 20, 40, and 80 gal/acre, and as dust and granules at 40 lb/acre. Effects of timing and number of applications will also be discussed.
C5 L. W. Stephenson, S. R. Siemer and M. W. Cammack Bupirimate (5-butyl-2-ethylamino-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl dimethyl sulphanate) is being extensively investigated in the western United States for control of powdery mildew of sugar beet incited by Eryszphe polygoni. Results of investigations in California, Arizona, and Colorado have indicated that Bupirimate was as effective as flow· able sulfur and better than wettable sulfur in control of the disease. C6 Carol A. Frate and Lysle D. Leach
Systemic fungicides benomyl, ethirimol, and triadimefon were tested for powdery mildew control. In greenhouse trials, seed treatment with ethirimol or triadimefon prevented powdery mildew infection for 50 days. Side dressing triadimefon effectively controlled mildew for 200 days. In field trials, seed treatments were ineffective and soil applications only partially effective. Comparative results and yield data will be presented.
C7 I. 0. Skoyen, R. T. Lewellen, F. J. Hills and J. S. Mcfar-lane
Observations in variety
x
virus yellows tests at Salinas in 1974 indicated that powdery mildew was more severe in yellows infected than in noninfected treatments. Results will be reported of tests conducted at Salinas and Davis designed to determine the losses due to combined infections of powdery mildew with BYV or BWYV compared with singly infected and noninfected controls. The inter -actions between all combinations of varieties, yellows virus and powdery mildew will be discussed.CS James E. Duffus and I. 0. Skoyen
Early planting of sugar beets and/ or insecticide treatment before planting have been recognized as important factors in avoid-ing excessive injury from beet curly top in regions where the disease is prevalent. Little knowledge of the actual damage induced on sus-ceptible and resistant cultivars by currently prevalent severe isolates of curly top virus at different plant ages is known, however. Studies designed to determine this damage will be discussed.
C9 R. E. Finkner
Curly top and leaf spot resistant cul ti var seeds were blended in ratios of 1 :3, 1: 1, and 3: 1. The blends and the two resistant cultivars,
